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New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy
Number of Followers: 71  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 1171-0462 Published by RMIT Publishing  [297 journals]
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- Application of Neural Networks for the Estimation of the Shear Strength of
Circular RC Columns
Open Access Article-
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Authors: V. C. Ho, T. H. Nguyen, T. Q. Nguyen, D. D. Nguyen
Pages: 9409 - 9413
Abstract: This study aims to develop Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for predicting the shear strength of circular Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns. A set of 156 experimental data samples of various circular RC columns were utilized to establish the ANN model. The performance results of the ANN model show that it predicts the shear strength of circular RC columns accurately with a high coefficient of determination (0.99) and a small root-mean-square error (4.6kN). The result comparison reveals that the proposed ANN model can predict the shear strength of the columns more accurately than the existing equations. Moreover, an ANN-based formula is proposed to explicitly calculate the shear strength of the columns. Additionally, a practical Graphical User Interface (GUI) tool is developed for facilitating the practical design process of the circular RC columns.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5245
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- A User-Friendly Dynamic Reactor Simulator Built in Microsoft Excel
Open Access Article-
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Authors: M. L. Chew Hernandez, L. Viveros Rosas, I. Hernandez-Arrieta
Pages: 9414 - 9419
Abstract: Computer plant simulation is being used in all aspects of engineering, through many simulation software packages. However, almost all of them require licenses that must be purchased by engineering colleges intending to use simulation in their teaching. As public educational institutions everywhere are facing a scarcity of economic resources, they can resort to a freeware steady-state plant simulator, however, there is no availability of reliable, free dynamic plant simulators. In addition, published experiences on developing dynamic simulators use programming languages requiring paid licenses (e.g. Matlab) and thus have limited relevancy to schools struggling to cut expenses. This article first uses a set of typical college objectives to discuss the advantages of building their own dynamic simulators, and then shows the development of a user-friendly dynamic simulator of a batch reactor constructed entirely within Microsoft Excel, which, in contrast to the programming languages used in related reports, is already widely used by universities around the world.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5152
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Assessment of the Soil Structure Inertial Interaction Effect on the
Behavior Coefficient Using Simplified Methods
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. Attia, T. Hadji
Pages: 9420 - 9425
Abstract: This study aims to assess the effect of the Soil Structure inertial Interaction (SSI) on the behavior coefficient (R). For this purpose, R was estimated with and without SSI. The pushover N2 method and its extension SSI-N2 method were applied to the plain Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame structures. For calculating the SSI effect on R, four shear wave velocities Vs, representing rocky soil, firm soil, loose soil, and very loose soil, with three soil damping ratios ζg% for each soil type were considered. The estimated values of R using the N2 method were 4.1, 4.97, 5.75, and 6.96 for rocky soil, firm soil, loose soil, and very loose soil respectively. For the SSI-N2 method, R values were in the range of 3.67-3.97 for rocky soil, 4-4.69 for firm soil, 4.01-5.09 for loose soil, and 4.14-5.81 for very loose soil. In the Algerian code, R was kept constant for each soil type, and its value is 3.5 and 5 with and without infill masonry respectively. Soil shear wave velocity and the soil damping ratio must be taken into account in calculating R. The redundancy, overstrength, and ductility reduction coefficients were determined by taking into account the SSI. The SSI effect can change the values of R, so it must be taken into account when calculating R.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5266
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- The Effect of Adding Expanded Polystyrene Beads (EPS) on Polymer-Modified
Mortar
Open Access Article-
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Authors: Z. E. Mohamed, A. I. Al-Hadithi
Pages: 9426 - 9430
Abstract: This study assessed the efficiency of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) waste as a 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% substitute for fine aggregate in the manufacturing of lightweight cement composites. A 4% low-cost latex paint emulsion was added to the cement mortar to reinforce it as an alternative to the more expensive polymer admixtures. This improved the bonding between the cement matrix and the EPS particles because SBR films were produced in the cement matrix. The flexural strength of regular EPS concrete may also be significantly increased by SBR treatment. Eight alternative mix designs were created and evaluated for compressive and flexural strength, thermal conductivity, water absorption, and dry density. The polymer-modified mortar was created using a 0.4 water/cement ratio of local cement, polymer, and polystyrene. The results showed that compared to the standard combination at 28 days of aging, the compressive strength increased up to 29.26Mpa, flexural strength increased to 6.83Mpa, dry density increased up to 1930kg/m³, and absorption decreased by 4.95. Thermal conductivity decreased by 0.8291W/m.k.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5226
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- The Impact of Industrial Air Pollution on the Urban Environment of Setif
Open Access Article-
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Authors: N. Harkat, A. Rahmane, I. Bendjemila
Pages: 9431 - 9439
Abstract: Setif is one of the urban agglomerations most exposed to the problem of air pollution, which mostly arises from the industrial zone located on its immediate outskirts, as is the case with a large number of Algerian cities. Due to its size and the nature of its activities, Setif is a significant source of industrial pollution. Numerous experts agree that the majority of present air pollution analysis techniques are limited to predicting the dispersion of pollutants. However, restricting oneself to these usually rigid aspects impedes the proper management of this sort of urban nuisance harming the city and its surroundings. Consequently, the aim of this study is to propose an approach for assessing the danger of air pollution that can be simply applied to any terrain. This technique includes three primary stages. Initially, ARIA Impact software is used to develop a model of the Total Suspended Particles (TSP). Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process technique, the many human, material, and environmental issues are then plotted on a map. The last step is to build synthesis maps by crossing the theme maps developed in the first two steps. Consequently, the anticipated outcome of this study is that the industrial zone of Setif will serve as the basis for a methodological exercise generated from a real-world situation. The examination of the current case study will illustrate the reliability of dispersion models in the evaluation of industrial pollution provided that certain essential aspects are recognized and handled effectively.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5256
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Assessment of Shear Strength Models of Reinforced Concrete Columns
Open Access Article-
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Authors: T. A. Nguyen, N. M. Pham, T. C. Vo, D. D. Nguyen
Pages: 9440 - 9444
Abstract: Shear strength is a crucial parameter in designing Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns considering the effects of lateral loads such as wind or earthquakes. Numerous design codes and published studies have proposed equations for calculating the shear strength of RC columns. However, a discrepancy exists between the calculated models and the experimental results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the calculated models for the shear strength of rectangular RC columns based on 735 data sets, obtained from the literature. Six code-based and empirical models are investigated in this paper. The four code-based models include ACI 318 (2014), CSA (2014), Eurocode 8 (2005), and FEMA 273 (1997), and the two empirical models are proposed by Ascheim & Moehle (1992) [8] and Sezen & Moehle (2004) [9]. The shear strengths of RC columns are calculated for the six models using inputs from the experimental database. Finally, the results are evaluated using statistical indicators, including coefficient of determination and root-mean-squared error. The results reveal that Eurocode 8 (2005) is the best model, followed by Sezen & Moehle (2004) and Canada CSA (2014) since the results of those models are close to the experimental ones and shown to be more conservative than the others.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5248
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Investigation of the Effect of Normal Incidence of RF Wave on Human Head
Tissues Employing Cu and Ni Grid PET Films
Open Access Article-
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Authors: S. S. Pudipeddi, P. V. Y. Jayasree
Pages: 9445 - 9449
Abstract: The rising number of frequency bands and the demand for wireless communication devices has become a growing concern regarding health and safety. The human head is a vulnerable body part when exposed to mobile phones. To ensure a high level of protection of the head from undesirable Electromagnetic Field (EMF) emissions, a shield is incorporated in this paper between the head and the mobile smartphone. The shielding material used to protect the head from the RF emissions is Copper (Cu) grid transparent Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) film and Copper (Cu) grid transparent PET film with Nickel (Ni) coating forming a laminated mesh. The RF emission metric from the smartphone is determined to evaluate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) numerically with a variation in frequencies ranging from 850MHz to 5.47GHz at normal wave incidence by the Transmission Line Method. The variation in frequency is observed in two head models, one of an adult and one of a child. Compared with the no shield condition, a significant SAR reduction is observed when PET-Cu or PET-Cu-Ni conductive coating transparent shielded mesh is embodied on the front part of the mobile phone between the phone and the head. In the child 7-layered head model at 5.47GHz, a significant reduction in SAR is observed from 10.5W/kg to 0.00001W/kg using the Cu grid PET film and to 0.0000032W/kg using Cu and Ni grid PET film.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5252
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Development of a Prediction System for 3D Printed Part Deformation
Open Access Article-
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Authors: H. S. Park, N. H. Tran, V. T. Hoang, V. H. Bui
Pages: 9450 - 9457
Abstract: The Additive Manufacturing (AM) process is applied in industrial applications. However, quality issues of the printed parts, including part distortion and cracks caused by high temperature and fast cooling, result in high residual stress. The theoretical calculation equation shows elastic behavior which is the linear behavior between strain and stress. However, in practice with the additive manufacturing process, strain and stress have nonlinear behavior. So, the prediction of the deformation of a printed part is inaccurate. The contribution of this research is the creation of an Inherent Strain (IS)-based part deformation prediction method during the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process. To have the deformation in the design stage, we developed software for calculating the IS value and predicting the deformation. The difference between the calculated results and the experimental results is still there, so, we proposed an algorithm and developed an optimization module for the system to minimize this difference. In the final optimal printing process, the parameters are derived in order for the real printing process to have the required quality of the SLM printed part.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5257
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- The Application of LQG Balanced Truncation Algorithm to the Digital Filter
Design Problem
Open Access Article-
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Authors: H. H. Bui
Pages: 9458 - 9463
Abstract: This paper presents a method for using a model reduction algorithm to design low-order digital filters. Designing an IIR digital filter that meets the specifications often leads to a high-order digital filter. To reduce the computation time and increase the response rate of the filter, we need to reduce the order of the high-order digital filter. Applying the LQG balanced truncation algorithm to reduce the demand for high-order digital filters shows that low-order filters can completely replace high-order digital filters. The simulation results show that the use of the LQG balanced truncation algorithm in order to reduce the filter order is correct and efficient.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5235
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Deep Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Plant Seedling
Classification
Open Access Article-
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Authors: N. C. Kundur, P. B. Mallikarjuna
Pages: 9464 - 9470
Abstract: Weed control is essential in agriculture since weeds reduce yields, increase production cost, impede harvesting, and degrade product quality. As a result, it is indeed critical to recognize weeds early in their vegetation cycle to evade negative impacts to crop growth. Earlier traditional methods used machine learning to determine crops along with weed species, but they had issues with weed detection efficiency at early growth stages. The current work proposes the implementation of a deep learning method that provides accurate results for precise weed recognition. Two different deep convolution neural networks have been used for our classification framework, namely Efficient Net B2 and Efficient Net B4. The plant seedlings dataset is utilized to investigate the proposed work. The evaluation metrics average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were used. The findings demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of differentiating between 12 species of a plant seedling dataset which contains 3 crops and 9 weeds. The average classification accuracy and F1 score are 99.00% for our Efficient Net B4 model and 97.00% for the Efficient Net B2. In addition, the proposed Efficient Net-B4 model performance is compared to the one of existing models on the plant seedlings dataset and the results showed that the proposed model Efficient Net B4 has superior performance. We intend to detect diseases in the identified plant species in our future research.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5282
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Soil Liquefaction Potential in Different Seismic Zones of Bihar, India
Open Access Article-
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Authors: I. C. Thakur, L. B. Roy
Pages: 9471 - 9476
Abstract: Liquefaction potential analysis for the liquefiable as well as non-liquefiable soils of Bihar state has been performed in this paper based on the actual field data from three seismic zones, i.e. zone III, zone IV, and zone V. The analysis has been performed following the simplified procedure given in [1] and later modified in [2]. The results show that districts under seismic zone III are comparatively more resistant to liquefaction in most cases, districts of zone IV are relatively more prone to liquefaction up to a few depths, and districts of zone V are most liquefiable. Liquefaction resistance is primarily depending upon the fine content of soil and SPT N-values.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5292
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- A Deep Learning Technique for Detecting High Impedance Faults in Medium
Voltage Distribution Networks
Open Access Article-
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Authors: S. Lavanya, S. Prabakaran, N. Ashok Kumar
Pages: 9477 - 9482
Abstract: Utility companies always struggle with the High Impedance Fault (HIF) in the electrical distribution systems. In this article, the current signal is seen in situations involving 10,400 different samples, with and without HIF, like linear, non-linear load, and capacitance switching. A better method that processes signals very fast and with low sample rates, requiring less memory and computational labor, is demonstrated by Mathematical Morphology (MM). For HIF identification, Deep Convolution Neural Networks (DCNNs) are being developed. This paper presents a novel method for signal processing with low sample rates, high signal processing speed, and low computational and memory requirements. The suggested six-layer DCNN is compared with other models, such as the four-layer and eight-layer DCNN models and the results are discussed.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5288
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Smart Collection of Waste Bread in Algeria Using the Internet of Things
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. Y. Benabdallah, R. Boudour
Pages: 9483 - 9486
Abstract: Algerians are among the largest consumers of bread throughout the year and produce large amounts of bread waste. As bread is made from imported wheat, these losses on currency are a heavy loss for the national economy. To minimize these losses, Algeria needs to encourage the recycling of stale bread to minimize the cost of importing soft wheat and valorize it for farmers. This paper presents a framework based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor and collect waste bread from recycling bins. This system could assist Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Algeria in bread waste collection, by monitoring the level of filling of the outdoor waste bins. The proposed system's architecture used a Mega 2560 microcontroller, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, and SIM 808/900 modules.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5280
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Epenthesis: The Movement of the Urdu Alveolar-Fricative Sound into the
Punjabi Palatal-Affricate Sound
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. R. Pasha, N. Abbas, H. N. Ahmed
Pages: 9487 - 9490
Abstract: Pakistan is a multilingual country where the Urdu language serves as lingua franca. Although Urdu is the national and official language of Pakistan, it bears the status of the second language (L2) in most of the regions due to the dominance of regional languages. The Punjabi language is the first language (L1) of the people of Punjab. This study intends to investigate the interlanguage influence and extralinguistic factors of phonological variants produced in the process of epenthesis of Punjabi palatal-affricate (/dʒ/) with the deletion of Urdu alveolar-fricative (/z/). The analysis of this study has been conducted using PRAAT software which proved that the native Punjabi speakers replace the /z/ sound with the /dʒ/ sound no matter if it occurs at the start, middle, or the end of a word. Moreover, this process of epenthesis is the result of the influence of the native language, i.e. Punjabi. The outcome of the analysis indicates that the gender and dwelling (urban or rural) of the participants have nothing to do with epenthesis. However, the education of the participants is the main reason for epenthesis.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5295
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Classification of Macromolecules Based on Amino Acid Sequences Using Deep
Learning
Open Access Article-
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Authors: S. Khan, I. Ali, F. Ghaffar, Q. Mazhar-ul-Haq
Pages: 9491 - 9495
Abstract: The classification of amino acids and their sequence analysis plays a vital role in life sciences and is a challenging task. Deep learning models have well-established frameworks for solving a broad spectrum of complex learning problems compared to traditional machine learning techniques. This article uses and compares state-of-the-art deep learning models like Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) to solve macromolecule classification problems using amino acid sequences. The CNN extracts features from amino acid sequences, which are treated as vectors with the use of word embedding. These vectors are fed to the above-mentioned models to train robust classifiers. The results show that word2vec as embedding combined with VGG-16 performs better than LSTM and GRU. The proposed approach gets an error rate of 1.5%.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5230
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- A Novel Model for Breast Cancer Detection and Classification
Open Access Article-
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Authors: N. Behar, M. Shrivastava
Pages: 9496 - 9502
Abstract: Breast cancer is a dreadful disease that affects women globally. The occurrences of masses in the breast region are the main cause of breast cancer development. It is important to detect breast cancer as early as possible as this might increase the survival rate. The existing research methodologies have the problems of increased computation complexity and low detection accuracy. To overcome such problems, this paper proposes an efficient breast cancer detection and classification system based on mammogram images. Initially, the mammogram images are preprocessed so unwanted regions and noise are removed and the contrast of the images is enhanced using Homo Morphic Adaptive Histogram Equalization (HMAHE). Then, the breast boundaries are identified with the use of the canny edge detector. After that, the pectoral muscles present in the images are detected and removed using the Global Pixel Intensity-based Thresholding (GPIT) method. Then, the tumors are identified and segmented by the Centroid-based Region Growing Segmentation (CRGS) algorithm. Next, the tumors are segmented and clustered and feature extraction is carried out from the clustered tumors. After that, the necessary features are selected by using the Chaotic Function-based Black Widow Optimization Algorithm (CBWOA). The selected features are utilized by the Convolutional Squared Deviation Neural Network Classifier (CSDNN) which classifies the tumors into six different categories. The proposed model effectively detects and classifies breast tumors and its efficiency is experimentally proved by comparison with the existing techniques.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5115
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- A Study of One-dimensional Weak Shock Propagation Under the Action of
Axial and Azimuthal Magnetic Field: An Analytical Approach
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. Husain, S. A. Haider, V. K. Singh
Pages: 9503 - 9509
Abstract: The present paper presents an analytical study of the one-dimensional weak shock wave problem in a perfect gas under the action of a generalized magnetic field subjected to weak shock jump conditions (R-H conditions). The magnetic field is considered axial and azimuthal in cylindrically symmetric configuration. By considering a straightforward analytical approach, an explicit solution exhibiting time-space dependency for gas-dynamical flow parameters and total energy (generated during the propagation of the weak shock from the center of the explosion) has been obtained under the significant influence of generalized magnetic fields (axial and azimuthal) and the results are analyzed graphically. From the outcome, it is worth noticing that for an increasing value of Mach number under the generalized magnetic field, the decay process of physical parameters (density, pressure, and magnetic pressure) is a bit slower, whereas the velocity profile and total energy increase rapidly with respect to time. Moreover, for increasing values of Shock-Cowling number the total energy grows rapidly with respect to time.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5277
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Artificial Bee Colony with Crossover Operations for Discrete Problems
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. H. Alaidi, S. D. Chen, Υ. Weng Leong
Pages: 9510 - 9514
Abstract: The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is an algorithm designed to solve continuous problems. ABC has been proven to be more effective than other biological-inspired algorithms. However, it is needed to modify its functionality in order to solve a discrete problem. In this work, a natural modification to the original ABC is made to make it able to solve discrete problems. Six neighborhood operators are proposed to simulate the original behavior of ABC. Moreover, several Traveling Salesman Problem Library (TSPLIB) problems were used to examine the proposed method. The results of the proposed method are promising.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5250
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Solar-Wind Hybrid Power Generation System Optimization Using
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
Open Access Article-
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Authors: S. Nemdili, I. C. Ngaru, M. Kerfa
Pages: 9515 - 9522
Abstract: This paper proposes a renewable energy hybrid power system that is based on photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation and is equipped with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES). Wind and solar power generation are two of the most promising renewable power generation technologies. They are suitable for hybrid systems because they are environmentally friendly. However, like most renewable energy sources, they are characterized by high variability and discontinuity. They generate a fluctuating output voltage that damages the machines that operate on a stable supply. Therefore, the energy storage system SMES with the function to reduce output voltage fluctuation problems is introduced. SMES is found to be the most effective energy storage device as a result of its quick time response, high power density, and high energy conversion efficiency. In this paper, modeling of a hybrid system with SMES is built using MATLAB/Simulink. Blocks such as the wind model, PV model, and energy storage model are built separately before combining into a complete hybrid system with SMES. Varying wind speed and solar irradiance values are taken as the input parameters. The obtained results from the simulation reveal that a system with SMES is more reliable than a system without SMES.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5236
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Time-Dependent Reliability Assessment of a Continuous I-shaped Steel Beam
Considering Corrosion Effects
Open Access Article-
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Authors: S. M. Nguyen, V. L. Phan, N. L. Tran, X. H. Nguyen, T. H. Nguyen
Pages: 9523 - 9526
Abstract: Among other fields, climate change has a great influence on metal corrosion that reduces the durability and reliability of steel structures. A time-dependent reliability analysis includes time-dependent climate scenarios and deterioration processes as well as random variables, material properties, and dimensions. The extent of corrosion damage is calculated by tracking the evolution of the corrosion process using Monte Carlo simulations. The current paper presents a time-dependent reliability assessment of a continuous I-shaped steel beam, considering the corrosion effects of climate change in Vietnam. The results showed that the safety probability of a continuous steel beam considering metal corrosion from the pristine to 100 years reduces from 96.77% to 63.08%. These findings can be used to assess and provide a cost-technical analysis of climate adaptation measures.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5273
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Local Instability Analysis for Axial Compressive Steel Columns
Open Access Article-
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Authors: P. C. Nguyen
Pages: 9527 - 9531
Abstract: This study presents a nonlinear analysis method for steel columns considering local instability under axial compression. The stress-strain relationship of steel is developed while considering the effects of local instability utilizing the energy principles. The second-order effects are considered by stability functions, while the plasticity of steel is captured by a fiber finite element method. Nonlinear equilibrium equations are solved by the generalized displacement control method. As a result, the proposed formulations are effective, accurate, and reliable in predicting the load-carrying capacity and local instability of steel columns.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5238
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Environmental Noise Reduction based on Deep Denoising Autoencoder
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. Azmat, I. Ali, W. Ariyanti, M. G. L. Putra, T. Nadeem
Pages: 9532 - 9535
Abstract: Speech enhancement plays an important role in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) even though this task remains challenging in real-world scenarios of human-level performance. To cope with this challenge, an explicit denoising framework called Deep Denoising Autoencoder (DDAE) is introduced in this paper. The parameters of DDAE encoder and decoder are optimized based on the backpropagation criterion, where all denoising autoencoders are stacked up instead of recurrent connections. For better speech estimation in real and noisy environments, we include matched and mismatched noisy and clean pairs of speech data to train the DDAE. The DDAE has the ability to achieve optimal results even for a limited amount of training data. Our experimental results show that the proposed DDAE outperformed the baseline algorithms. The DDAE shows superior performances based on three-evaluation metrics in noisy and clean pairs of speech data compared to three baseline algorithms.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5239
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Determination of the Harmonic Losses in an Induction Motor Fed by an
Inverter
Open Access Article-
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Authors: B. A. Nasir
Pages: 9536 - 9545
Abstract: The advancement, development, improvement, and increased use of power electronic converters led to the efficient speed control of electrical drives. The most famous three-phase induction motor-related control to Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) technique is used to operate multilevel inverters such as variable-frequency or six-step Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). Switching devices of the inverter are used in the drive systems and act as the main source of harmonics. When the induction motor is fed from the PWM inverter, it will be supplied by low order (5th, 7th, 11th) time harmonic voltage. The motor performance is affected by the presence of these time harmonic components because the additional losses generated in the motor defect its performance, generate pulsating torque, and reduce efficiency. In this work, the analysis of a dynamic model of an induction motor in transient and steady-state operation is developed, considering the effect of time-harmonic voltages generated by the inverter, skin effect, skew effect, temperature rise effect, iron core loss, stray load loss, and magnetic saturation on the motor performance. The performance of the motor is studied by the time-harmonic equivalent circuit and by the fundamental equivalent circuit. The motor performance in terms of efficiency and power factor is compared with the experimental results for both sinusoidal and VSI motor feeds in order to validate the model accuracy.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5012
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Evaluation of the Role of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate on the Thermo-Mechanical
Properties of PET/HDPE Blends
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. Hellati, S. Boufassa
Pages: 9546 - 9550
Abstract: In this paper, blends of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with and without a compatibilizer were prepared using a Brabender Haake Rheocord at 270°C and 32rpm. Ethylene vinyl acetate was chosen as the compatibilizer and its proportion was set to 5, 7, and 10 wt%. The thermal properties and crystallization behavior were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Micromechanical properties were also investigated using a Vickers microindentation tester. The DSC analysis indicates that the melting temperature of r-PET and HDPE in all the blends, compatibilized and uncompatibilized, remains constant and almost the same as those of the pure component. On the other hand, it is shown that the degree of crystallinity of HDPE in the blends calculated by DSC depends on the composition of the polymeric mixture. However, the Hardness (H) decreases with increasing r-PET content until 50/50 composition of r-PET/HDPE is reached, whereas for larger r-PET content values, H increases. The same trend was obtained with the addition of the compatibilizer.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5313
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Wind Power Generation Scenarios in Lebanon
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Authors: Y. Kassem, H. Gokcekus, H. Camur, A. H. A. Abdelnaby
Pages: 9551 - 9559
Abstract: Renewable energy in terms of solar and wind energy can be an essential part of Lebanon's strategies to add new capacity, increase energy security, address environmental concerns, and resolve the electricity crisis. In this regard, there is an urgent need to develop road maps in order to reduce the effect of global warming and enhance sustainable technological development for generating clean power in the country. Therefore, the present paper evaluates Lebanon's wind energy generation potential as an alternative solution to supply electricity to households in various locations distributed over Lebanon. In the present study, the measured data are used to evaluate the wind energy potential in Lebanon and to find suitable locations to install wind farms in the country. Accordingly, the results demonstrated that Ain ed Dabaa is the most suitable location for the installation of a wind farm. Moreover, the study aims to develop a wind energy cost analysis techno-economic model for eight conventional wind turbines and a Barber wind turbine, which was found to be very competitive. Consequently, this study showed that the implementation of a wind turbine could provide clean, economical, and continuous production of electricity in countries that suffer from daily blackouts.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5258
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Assessment of Protective Clothing Used by Chemical Industry Workers in
Pakistan
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Authors: M. Ijaz, N. E. Sahar, Z. Tariq, R. Fatima, Z. Rasheed, M. Tariq, H. Munir Dar
Pages: 9560 - 9564
Abstract: Protective clothing serves as a barrier against many hazards faced by workers in the industry. This study aimed to investigate the performance of locally manufactured clothing used by workers in the chemical industries in Pakistan. The construction parameters were determined using international test procedures for all samples. Then, these were assessed for their chemical resistance behavior after various laundering intervals, following the ISO 6530:2005 test method. After the investigation, it was observed that the collected samples failed to meet the minimum criteria for penetration and repellency through their structure. The samples were unable to repel a minimum of 95% liquid chemical and penetrated it more than 5%, even at zero wash. These conditions worsened with each washing interval. Clothing materials should always be checked for their performance before use to protect workers at workplace.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5289
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Seismic Assessment of Steel Frames Subjected to Multi-hazards
Open Access Article-
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Authors: O. Badla
Pages: 9565 - 9569
Abstract: This paper investigates the effects induced by thunderstorm downbursts to steel building structures that have been previously damaged during strong directivity ground motion events. To achieve this objective, one four-story steel moment-resisting frame that was tested at the E-defense laboratory, Japan was analyzed in the nonlinear range using OpenSees. The seismic response was numerically simulated, obtaining a satisfactory agreement with the experimental evidence, revealing that the effects of such wind events and vertical ground motions were significant. These effects should be addressed during the design of low and medium buildings subjected to initial damage and subsequent thunderstorm downbursts and the ductility demands on structures subjected to multi-hazards can be quantified. The wind loads are applied as an externally applied dynamic load and the revised ductility demands are determined directly. The obtained results are compared to what is expected by experimental tests.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5311
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- A Novel Approach on Speaker Gender Identification and Verification Using
DWT First Level Energy and Zero Crossing
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. Amraoui, S. Saadi
Pages: 9570 - 9578
Abstract: The aim of this work is to find a new criterion for determining a range of values in order to determine the gender of a speaker. The use of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) of the Daubechies db7 parent wavelet and the computation of the zero crossing energy from the first level of the DWT was followed by computation of the values of the criterion for both genders and comparison with the value of the speech basic frequency for both genders for the same sign or sentence. The standard has a limited range of values close to the basic frequency range of the same speaker through which we can determine gender. This criterion has been tested on several men and women databases with different repeated sentences for the same person or for both genders and it gives acceptable results that can be worked on.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5269
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- The Influence of Hot Electrons on the Calculation of Ionization Rates
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. Lifa, S. Dilmi, S. E. Bentridi
Pages: 9579 - 9583
Abstract: Electron-Impact Ionization (EII) is considered one of the most important ionization methods in dynamic systems, in which elements and ions are suddenly exposed to energetic electrons. In many plasma types, it has been observed that some electrons (hot) are governed by a non-Maxwellian energy distribution. This study illustrates the effects of a non-Maxwellian distribution on beryllium and Be+2 emission lines and their effective ionization rate coefficients. The focus on beryllium as an impacted material by electron flux aimed to evaluate the EII rates for Be and generate the corresponding datasets needed for Be+2 data analysis. An interaction cross-section was generated using the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) and used in the estimation of the EII distribution energy functions to estimate the ionization rates for a non-Maxwellian distribution. The use of non-Maxwellian energy distributions for different fractions of hot electrons showed the sensitivity of these rates to the fraction of hot electrons and the forms of the electron energy distribution. The results were in good agreement with those found in the literature.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5294
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Strength and Deflection Reliability Estimation of Girder Steel Portal
Frames Using the Bayesian Updating Method
Open Access Article-
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Authors: F. H. Fahmi, S. Al-Zaidee
Pages: 9584 - 9589
Abstract: Uncertainty is ubiquitous in any engineering system at any stage of product development and throughout a product's life cycle. As information and sensor technology develops, more and more data about engineering systems are gathered. A strong technique for calibrating models using new information and observations is Bayesian updating. The applied loads, yield strength, plastic section modulus, span, cross-section dimensions, and modulus of elasticity from the international literature have been updated through the local literature and a data survey for the interior girder portal frames to investigate the reliability index and the probability of failure of the system. First Order Reliability Method (FORM) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been used to estimate the reliability and probability of failure of strength and serviceability limit state function. The results reveal that for shear force, the reliability index increased significantly from 9.03 to 16.01. At the same time, the reliability index of the bending moment and deflection increased from 4.34 to 5.30 and from 6.90 to 7.66 respectively.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5261
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Refinery Wastewater Treatment by a Novel Three-Dimensional
Electrocoagulation System Design
Open Access Article-
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Authors: S. K. Theydan, W. T. Mohammed
Pages: 9590 - 9600
Abstract: A novel three-dimensional electrocoagulation method was used in the current work to explore the treatment of refinery wastewater. Metal-Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon (MIGAC) was employed as a third particle electrode in the inventive design. A comprehensive investigation has been conducted to evaluate its performance. BET-specific surface area, total pore volume, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed for the characterization of MIGAC particle electrodes at pH=7, 30V applied voltage, 10g of particle electrodes, 175mL/min flow rate, and a supporting electrolyte (0.063M NaCl + 0.025M Na2SO4). The findings indicate that the effectiveness of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) elimination increased quickly after 20min to 66.93, 69.88, 77.59, 74.14, 81.26, 79.87, and 87.14% for Conventional Electrocoagulation (CEC). Three-dimensional electrocoagulation with granular activated carbon (TEC-RGAC), TEC-MIGAC (Al), TEC-MIGAC (Fe), and TEC-MIGAC (Al:Fe) with molar ratios of (1:1), (1:2), and (2:1) respectively were utilized. While turbidity removals were 99.04, 98.87, 99.23, 94.89, 92.42, 98.85, and 99.21% for CEC ,TEC-RGAC, TEC-MIGAC(Al), TEC-MIGAC(Fe), TEC-MIGAC(1:1), TEC-MIGAC(1:2), and TEC-MIGAC(2:1) respectively. The results demonstrated that the metal impregnation of GAC is an interesting method for achieving effective turbidity and COD removal from refinery wastewater. In both batch and repeat recycling tests, MIGAC with a mixture of aluminum and iron oxides removed turbidity and COD more effectively and efficiently than RGAC.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5316
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Study and Design of a Multi-range Programmable Sensor for Temperature
Measurement
Open Access Article-
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Authors: K. Alsnaie, S. M. A. Ghaly, M. A. Ali
Pages: 9601 - 9606
Abstract: In this paper, a wide-range high-precision sensor has been designed in order to accurately measure the temperature in a medium with arbitrary temperature variation and the implementation of a wide-spectrum temperature measurement system with a self-selected multi-sensor has been realized. This multi-sensor core is made up of different sensors combined to measure different temperature ranges. This concept can be used for high-precision temperature measurement in electrical capacitance tomography applications. The proposed technique is well suited for temperatures in boilers, industries, and everywhere high temperature measurement sensitivity is needed by using different combined temperature sensors of high precision.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5284
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Fault Detection Methods Suitable for Automotive Applications in Proton
Exchange Fuel Cells
Open Access Article-
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Authors: S. Barhate, R. Mudhalwadkar, S. Madhe
Pages: 9607 - 9613
Abstract: The fault conditions degrade the performance of proton exchange fuel cells and reduce their useful life. The prolonged existence of a fault condition can permanently damage the fuel cell. This paper proposes four methods for fault detection and fault type isolation. These methods were based on the coefficient of variance, ratios of change in output power to change in voltage and change in output voltage to the change in current, fuzzy membership values and Euclidian distance, and wavelet transform. These methods are non-invasive to the fuel cell and involve non-destructive testing. These methods were experimentally validated.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5262
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Some Mineralogical Characteristics of the Egyptian Black Sand Beach
Ilmenite Part I: Homogeneous Ilmenite and Titanhematite-Ferriilmenite
Grains
Open Access Article-
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Authors: M. I. Moustafa
Pages: 9614 - 9631
Abstract: The high-grade Egyptian beach ilmenite concentrate contains various mineral textures in addition to the main homogeneous ilmenite grains (63%), which may contain solid solutions of geikielite (MgTiO3) and pyrophanite (MnTiO3) mineral components. Few homogeneous ferrilmenite grains (2%) associated with the concentrated ilmenite grains are detected. The contents of Fe2O3, MgO, Al2O3, and Cr2O3 in the ferrilmenite grains range between 7.3% and 22.8%, 3.4% and 6.6%, 0.2% and 0.7%, and 0% and 1.2% respectively. The detected hematite-ilmenite exsolved intergrowths (21.4%) have titanhematite exsolutions of different shapes, sizes, and orientations. They occupy 5%-40% of the whole intergrowth and may show one or two distinct generations. In some ferrilmenite components, MnO ranges between 1.5% and 8.6%. The Cr2O3 and Al2O3 contents range between 0% and 1.2% and 0% and 3.2% respectively. They are mostly between 0% and 0.1% for either of the ferrilmenite components, while relatively greater content is present in the titanhematite components. In some grains, the titanhematite exsolution bodies are replaced by goethite or hydrated iron oxides. In others, the ferrilmenite intergrowth may be partially or completely altered into leucoxene. Some minor composite grains are detected in the concentrate, where each grain consists of two parts, one part is titanhematite-ferrimenite and the other is ferrilmenite-titanhematite. The titanhematite exsolved components have relatively lower TiO2 content (5.8%-23.8%). Both MgO and MnO are positively correlated with FeO rather than Fe2O3. The presence of sphenes in the obtained ilmenite concentrate may be responsible for the recorded amounts of SiO2 (30.1%-30.8%) and CaO (28.1% and 28.8%). The Cr2O3 content is relatively much higher in sphene spots than in ilmenite spots, ensuring that Cr2O3 neither follows TiO2 nor FeO. The nature of the problem of the relatively lower Ti content and the relatively higher Fe and Cr contents of the obtained ilmenite concentrates is the target of the article. The problem is related to the mineralogy of ilmenite or to the used physical concentration flowsheet of the separated concentrate and the ability to improve the ilmenite concentrate’s specifications. It is concluded that although the homogeneous ilmenite is characterized by low Cr2O3 content, some of the other exsolved texture components, e.g. titanhematite and sphenes, have relatively higher Cr2O3, in addition to Fe2O3, SiO2, or CaO. They can negatively affect the marketable specifications of the separated Egyptian black sand ilmenite concentrate.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5296
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
-
- A Spatiotemporal Approach in Detecting and Analyzing Hydro-climatic Change
in Northwest Algeria
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Authors: S. Bouraoui, A. Medjerab
Pages: 9632 - 9639
Abstract: Understanding climatic behavior, particularly that of semi-arid regions, is essential in order to optimize water resources management and provide protection from climatic risks. Water resources have great socio-economic and environmental importance. This paper focuses on the statistical analysis of the rainfall regime of northwest Algeria and estimates its spatial distribution and temporal variation. To this end, time series and principal component analysis were performed on rainfall series recorded from 1913 to 2009, representing the annual precipitation from thirty meteorological stations to discover patterns and trends in the studied region. Furthermore, the applied spectral analysis of the time series reveals the existence of a period of approximately 97 years at all stations. ArcGIS along with statistical and analytical tools like SPSS and XLSTAT were utilized in this study of the climatic behavior in northwest Algeria.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5332
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Some Mineralogical Characteristics of the Egyptian Black Sand Beach
Ilmenite Part IΙ: Rutile-Ilmenite and the Various Titanhematite Grains
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Authors: M. I. Moustafa
Pages: 9640 - 9653
Abstract: In addition to the grains of homogeneous ilmenite, ferriilmenite, hematite-ilmenite exsolved intergrowths, and the partially altered ilmenite grains, other textures are detected in the separated ilmenite concentrate. The grains of rutile-ilmenite exsolved intergrowth represent 0.8% of the detected ilmenite grains. The ilmenite component of this intergrowth is detected to be ferriilmenite associated with geikielite, pyrophanite, and rutile, with Cr2O3 content ranging between 0 and 0.5%. The exsolved rutile is ferriforrous rutile composed of rutile, hematite, geikielite, and pyrophanite, its Cr2O3 content ranging between 0 and 0.4%. The detected individual titanhematite grains represent 4.4% and include 3 textures arranged, in a decreasing order of abundance, as: ilmenite-hematite, rutile-hematite, and rutile-ilmenite-hematite exsolution intergrowths. MgO and MnO have minimum values and they do not follow Fe2O3. In some homogeneous titanhematite or exsolved rutile-hematite, Fe2O3 content may be replaced with SiO2. In all titanhematite intergrown textures, the Cr2O3 content ranges between 0 and 0.1%. Only in the case of the titanhematite host with exsolved rutile, the contained MgO ranges between 1.2 and 5.3%. Some ferromagnetic titanhematite grains separated with the fraction of magnetite are detected. In these grains, the Cr2O3, MgO, and MnO contents range between 0-0.2, 0-3, and 0-1.4% respectively. Several varieties of chromite and chromspinel mineral grains are found and represent 1.1% of the detected bulk ilmenite grains. In these grains, the Cr2O3, MgO, V2O3, and Al2O3 contents range between 16.69-56.72%, 0.54-17.33%, 0.14-0.58%, and 1.33-38.79% respectively. Although they are rarely met in the ilmenite concentrate, the relatively finer grain sizes could lead to the separation of some with ilmenite fraction rather than with the ferromagnetic one. It is concluded that the problem of high Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 contents of the Egyptian beach ilmenite concentrate is not only a mineralogical problem, but also an ore-dressing one.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5297
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Road Segmentation in High-Resolution Images Using Deep Residual Networks
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Authors: D. Patil, S. Jadhav
Pages: 9654 - 9660
Abstract: Automatic road detection from remote sensing images is a vital application for traffic management, urban planning, and disaster management. The presence of occlusions like shadows of buildings, trees, and flyovers in high-resolution images and miss-classifications in databases create obstacles in the road detection task. Therefore, an automatic road detection system is required to detect roads in the presence of occlusions. This paper presents a deep convolutional neural network to address the problem of road detection, consisting of an encoder-decoder architecture. The architecture contains a U-Network with residual blocks. U-Network allows the transfer of low-level features to the high-level, helping the network to learn low-level details. Residual blocks help maintain the network's training performance, which may deteriorate due to a deep network. The encoder and decoder structures generate a feature map and classify pixels into road and non-road classes, respectively. Experimentation was performed on the Massachusetts road dataset. The results showed that the proposed model gave better accuracy than current state-of-the-art methods.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5247
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Effect Change Concrete Slab Layer Thickness on Rigid Pavement
Open Access Article-
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Authors: G. A. Almashhadani, M. H. Al-Sherrawi
Pages: 9661 - 9664
Abstract: Years of research have been devoted to developing a tool to model and analyze the behavior of rigid pavements. A major component of the new design approaches is the three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM), which caused a breakthrough in rigid pavement analysis. The current study used FEM to analyze a rigid pavement composed of a concrete slab layer and a subgrade. The impact of the depth of the concrete slab layer on vertical stresses and displacements was studied with the ABAQUS software. Three different thicknesses were chosen, 20, 25, and 28cm, while the thickness of the remaining paving layers remained unchanged. According to the study results, the top of the concrete slab layer had an increase in stress of approximately 88% when its thickness increased from 20 to 28cm, whereas the top of the subgrade layer had a decrease of about 21% in stress. The change in vertical stress at the top of the subgrade layer was 46% for a thickness of 20-25cm and 14.8% for 25-28cm. The percent of the reduction in vertical stress at the top of the concrete slab layer was 13.2% and 1.8% for thicknesses of 20-25 and 25-28cm respectively. Vertical displacement in the middle of the horizontal distance under the tire print was reduced by 14%, 12%, and 24% when the concrete slab layer increased from 20 to 25, from 25 to 28, and from 20 to 28cm respectively.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5283
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- An Experimental Study on the Socketed Pile in Soft Rock
Open Access Article-
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Authors: V. Maralapalle, R. A. Hegde
Pages: 9665 - 9669
Abstract: Pile foundation systems are used in India in many projects such as metro and railways, flyovers, and multi-story buildings. The pile transfers superstructure load to the substructure, i.e. to rock layers by means of skin resistance and end-bearing resistance. In this study, an attempt is made to observe the performance of socketed piles in soft rock. A series of socketed small-scale model pile load laboratory studies have been conducted using the loading frame. Load tests were performed on a model steel pile to calculate its axial load-bearing capability at various socket depths. An unconfined compression test was performed on pseudo-rock variations to find out the properties of the soft rock used. The results showed the ability of the drilled pile to enhance the strength of the pseudo rock. An attempt was also made to calculate the optimum depth for the socketed pile in soft rock.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5338
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- PV and Wind Energy Conversion Exploration based on Grid Integrated Hybrid
Generation Using the Cuttlefish Algorithm
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Authors: Υ. Nagaraja, T. Devaraju, A. Muni Sankar, V. Narasimhulu
Pages: 9670 - 9675
Abstract: This paper focuses on the exploration of grid-integrated hybrid generation comprising Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) using the Cuttlefish Algorithm (CFA). PV and wind energies are opposite because sunny days are normally calm, and strong winds frequently occur on cloudy days or at night. Hence, a hybrid PV and wind power system is more reliable than either individual source in terms of delivering uninterrupted power. The regulation of the DC voltage is the key issue in this configuration. The conventional PI controller is inaccurate in regulating the DC voltage. The PI controller gain tuning using optimization techniques provides good DC voltage regulation and less Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Hence, CFA is proposed for the tuning of PI gains. The performance parameters such as DC voltage regulation and THD of CFA are analyzed.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5364
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- One-dimensional Site Response Analysis and Liquefaction Evaluation of Can
Tho City, Vietnam
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Authors: T. K. Nguyen, V. Q. Nguyen
Pages: 9676 - 9679
Abstract: Can Tho is the biggest city in the Mekong River Delta, one of the five national central cities in Vietnam. However, it has not been studied regarding seismic hazard estimation. For this purpose, one-dimensional nonlinear site response analysis of this city was performed in this paper. The measured in-situ profiles and corresponding geotechnical site investigation and laboratory test data were utilized to develop the site model for site-specific ground response analysis. A suite of earthquake records compatible with the Vietnam rock design spectrum (TCVN 9386:2012) was used as input ground motions at the bedrock. The results show that Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) increases from the bedrock to the surface. Maximum PGA is 0.083g for O Mon district (P1) and 0.073g for Cai Rang district (P2). The maximum shear strain is reported to be 0.35% for P1 and 0.45% for P2. The recommended amplification factors are 1.7 for P1 and 1.9 for P2. Even though Can Tho city is composed of soft layers, liquefaction is unlikely to occur.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5335
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- A Novel Blind Image Source Separation Using Hybrid Firefly Particle Swarm
Optimization Algorithm
Open Access Article-
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Authors: A. Khalfa, M. Sahed, E. Kenane, N. Amardjia
Pages: 9680 - 9686
Abstract: Signal and image separation are extensively used in numerous imaging applications and communication systems. In this paper, a novel Blind Source Separation (BSS) approach, based on the Hybrid Firefly Particle Swarm Optimization (HFPSO), is proposed for separating mixed images. This approach processes the observed source without any prior knowledge about the model and the statistics of the source signal. The proposed method presents high robustness against local minima and converges quickly to the global minimum. Via numerical simulations, the proposed approach is tested and validated in comparison with standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Robust Independent Component Analysis (RobustICA), and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithms. The obtained results show that the presented technique outperforms the existing ones in terms of quality of image separation, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). Moreover, the obtained results demonstrate that our approach provides also promising results in image separation from noisy mixtures.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5255
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Performance Analysis of Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells with Backwall
Superstrate Configuration Using AMPS-1D
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Authors: A. Mouhoub, F. Khaled, A. Bouloufa
Pages: 9687 - 9691
Abstract: This study used AMPS-1D to peform numerical simulations and model the behavior of back-wall superstrate solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films to investigate optimal conditions and obtain maximum efficiency. The effects of absorber thickness and density of interface defects were examined along with the work function of the transparent conductive oxide (WTCO) to investigate their influence on the output parameters. Measurements of device performance (J-V) and Quantum Efficiency (QE) showed that the performance of the cell improved as the thickness of the CIGS layer decreased because photons were absorbed near the junction. The device achieved an efficiency of 16.4% using an optimal thickness for the CIGS layer on the order of 0.3µm, defect densities in the range of 1013-1015cm-3, doping concentration of the n-TCO back contact on the order of 1019cm-3, and WTCO in the range of 4.5-5.2eV. These results show that the generated electron-hole pairs had a high probability of separation and demonstrate the potential of this device structure.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5341
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- The Effect of Adding Expanded Polystyrene Beads (EPS) on the Hardened
Properties of Concrete
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Authors: A. S. Salahaldeen, A. I. Al-Hadithi
Pages: 9692 - 9696
Abstract: This study investigated the possibility of producing lightweight concrete using Expanded Polystyrene Beads (EPS), using one reference and five light concrete mixes by replacing coarse aggregates with EPS grains in five volumetric ratios: 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. The properties of hardened concrete of all mixed specimens, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and density, were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of EPS caused an apparent reduction in the mechanical properties of concrete. The compressive strength at 28 days of curing ranged from 13.6 to 1.96MPa, while the rupture modulus ranged from 2.26 to 0MPa. Adding EPS grains as coarse aggregates led to a decrease in the concrete's weight. Replacing the coarse aggregates with EPS grains resulted in lightweight concrete with a density of 1086.5kg/m3.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5278
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- An Original Approach for Translating Grafcet into C/Unix Code for
Validation Purposes
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Authors: N. Benaouda, A. Benaouda
Pages: 9697 - 9702
Abstract: This paper proposes an approach to simulate the function of the control part of a Grafcet model, translating it into C code in a Unix environment. First, the Grafcet/C generation schemes are established. The Grafcet model, described in graphic or text form, is transformed in an internal form and then to C code by a generation algorithm based on the previously found diagrams. The result is a program that simulates the operation of the automation in question and makes it possible to validate the functional specifications of sequential automation. This validation can be used for educational purposes, such as the learning of the Grafcet formalism, or corrective or evolutionary maintenance. Once the configuration, testing, and validation of the program are complete, it is possible to implement the object code on the microcontroller of the control system.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5347
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Exploring the Enhanced Performance of a Static Synchronous Compensator
with a Super-Capacitor in Power Networks
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Authors: P. Vaidya, V. K. Chandrakar
Pages: 9703 - 9708
Abstract: The use of a super-capacitor as a storage device integrated with a Voltage source converter-based shunt-connected Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is proposed for improving the STATCOM performance during sudden large disturbances in a power network. The super-capacitor was applied across the STATCOM capacitor during the disturbance condition. MATLAB simulations were carried out for the verification of a secondary function of the STATCOM like oscillation damping, transient stability improvement, and security of the power network with the storage device. The validation of the proposed super-capacitor was carried out in MATLAB.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5317
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Effectiveness of EPS Bead Size and Cement Proportions on the Strength and
Deformation of Light-Weighted Soil
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Authors: S. Ali, F. Yong, A. H. Bhutto, F. Jamil, J. S. Khan, R. Bhanbhro
Pages: 9709 - 9714
Abstract: The current study investigates the deformation and strength of Light-Weighted Soil (LWS) comprised of silt, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads, cement, and water. The EPS bead sizes employed in this study are 4, 5, and 6mm in diameter with densities of 0.011, 0.009, and 0.006g/cm3 and cement concentrations of 10% and 15%. The effects of different EPS bead sizes and cement proportions on the mechanical properties (strength and deformation) of LWS are evaluated by Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) tests. The findings show that the EPS bead sizes significantly impact the strength and deformations of the LWS. The smaller the EPS bead size, the higher the observed strength, but, on the other hand, bigger EPS bead sizes have lower strength and higher ductility. It was also revealed that the strength of LSW is entirely dependent on the cement concentration. High cement content in the LWS has more strength and brittleness, but it is more prone to deformation. The cost can be decreased by increasing the EPS bead size, and thus the prescription of mixed soil can be enhanced. The use of EPS beads with a diameter of 4-6mm is recommended in the construction process, especially in backfill for retaining walls. Each EPS bead size provides advantages in different context, depending on engineering applications and field conditions.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5362
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- An Anisotropic Diffusion Adaptive Filter for Image Denoising and
Restoration Applied on Satellite Remote Sensing Images
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Authors: M. Gatcha, F. Messelmi, S. Saadi
Pages: 9715 - 9719
Abstract: This paper proposes an operating approach based on the anisotropic diffusion method to restore and denoise Satellite Remote Sensing Images (SRSIs). The contents of the approach are the motion by mean curvature to detect the noise direction for each degraded pixel and preserve the original edges of the image, and the gradient in the Gaussian kernel which restores the degraded pixel locally, assuring the estimation of its original value and saving the contrast of the image. The algorithm, concluded by our proposed system, treats noised SRSIs regardless of noise type, so better restoration is achieved. Experiments of the proposed system and of other approaches were conducted in MATLAB in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach and its performance was confirmed through evaluation with PSNR and SSIM.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5363
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Push-over Analysis of Optimized Steel Frames
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Authors: M. I. E. Terki Hassaine, S. M. E. A. Bourdim, H. Varum, A. Benanane, A. Nour
Pages: 9720 - 9725
Abstract: The traditional optimization methods are effective when dealing with small-scale problems. However, for large-scale problems, these methods fail to obtain optimal solutions, and after a long operation, several solutions are obtained. New methods, known as metaheuristics, have provided new implementations to be used in many applications. They have enabled the resolution of many complex industrial and technical problems. They have the merits of avoiding local optima and finding optimal solutions, due to their ease of understanding, flexibility, adaptation simplicity, and ability to get out of local optima traps. This article aims to model a 2D metal frame gantry with two spans and two levels already optimized by ROBOT Millennium software in order to show the effect of structural optimization in the pre-design phase and of obtaining its non-linear behavior by the pushover method. Three optimal dimensional configurations of this gantry were taken into account and the best was chosen, one which satisfied an adequate behavior in the non-linear domain while respecting the CM66 and Eurocode3 regulations.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5326
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Performance Assessment of Traditional Software Development Methodologies
and DevOps Automation Culture
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Authors: P. Narang, P. Mittal
Pages: 9726 - 9731
Abstract: Successful implementations of Software Development Methodologies significantly improve software efficiency, collaboration and security. Most companies are moving away from traditional development methodologies towards DevOps for faster and better software delivery. DevOps, which is a primary need of the IT industry, brings development and operation teams together to overcome communication gaps responsible for software failures. It relies on different sets of automation tools to robotize the tasks of software development from continuous integration, to testing, delivery, and deployment. The existence of several automation tools in each development phase raises the need for an integrated set of tools to reduce development time. For this purpose, we used the DevOps-based hybrid model Integrated Tool Chain (ITC), along with three sample java-based projects or code repositories to quantify the results. This paper evaluates and compares measurement metrics of java projects using traditional development methodologies and DevOps, and the results are shown in tabular and graphical format. The latest Google and Stack Overflow Trends have also been included to retrieve the best performer development methodology. This comparative and evaluative performance analysis will be beneficial to young researchers that study the metrics of software development, while also they will be introduced to the automotive environment of DevOps, the latest emerging buzzword in software development.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5315
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Increased Efficiency of the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm Using the
Pheromone Technique
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Authors: A. H. Alaidi, C. Soong Der, Y. Weng Leong
Pages: 9732 - 9736
Abstract: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is a powerful metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the behavior of a honey bee swarm. ABC suffers from poor exploitation and, in some cases, poor exploration. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is another metaheuristic algorithm that uses pheromones as a guide for an ant to find its way. This study used a pheromone technique from ACO on ABC to enhance its exploration and exploitation. The performance of the proposed method was verified through twenty instances from TSPLIB. The results were compared with the original ABC method and showed that the proposed method leverages the performance of ABC.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5305
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Modeling and Analysis of Time Response Parameters of a PMSM-Based Electric
Vehicle with PI and PID Controllers
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Authors: M. Yerri Veeresh, V. N. Bhaskar Reddy, R. Kiranmayi
Pages: 9737 - 9741
Abstract: This paper presents the mathematical modeling of a vector-controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive with either a Proportional Integral (PI) controller or a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller as a propulsion system for an Electric Vehicle (EV). Most commercial drives use a standard PI controller as a speed regulator. The vector control system model consists of the PMSM, a PWM inverter, the speed controller, and vehicle dynamics for speed control. The performance analysis of the drive is evaluated under transient conditions for settling time, rise time, steady state error of speed, and the vehicle’s acceleration at the wheel axle for specifically designated values validated by MATLAB/Simulink.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5321
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Survey and Design of Individual Housing Projects: Situation and Solutions
for Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam
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Authors: S. M. Nguyen, V. B. Tran, D. D. Nguyen
Pages: 9742 - 9746
Abstract: Survey and design processes are considered essential stages and directly affect the quality and cost of construction works. This study aimed to investigate the existing limitations in the survey and design stages of individual housing projects in Ha Tinh province, Vietnam, and to propose specific solutions to improve them. These solutions can contribute to eliminating unexpected problems or errors during the construction process of individual housing projects in Vietnam.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5229
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Compression Behavior of FFF Printed Parts Obtained by Varying Layer Height
and Infill Percentage
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Authors: D. G. Zisopol, I. Nae, A. I. Portoaca
Pages: 9747 - 9751
Abstract: In this research, two polymeric materials, PLA-(polylactic acid) and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) were used to 3D print compression samples at 3 layer heights (0.10, 0.15, and 0.20mm) with 3 infill percentages (50%, 75%, 100%). In order to determine the material's behavior under applied crushing loads, 135 samples were fabricated and tested. The built compression PLA specimens were subjected to common annealing treatment just above glass transition temperature and it was proved that the set of 45 samples exhibited higher resistance to the compressive load applied to the material before fracturing by an average of 9.20%.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5488
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- One-Dimension Finite Element Modeling of Grouted Ground Anchor
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Authors: N. H. Al-Baghdadi, B. A. Ahmed, A. N. Al-Jorany
Pages: 9752 - 9759
Abstract: In the present research work, a one-dimension finite element model has been developed to simulate both compression and tension types of grouted ground anchors. The steel tendon-grout interface has been modeled by using the local bond-slip model, while the soil-grout interface has been modeled with a series of perfectly elastic plastic springs. The verification of the proposed one-dimension finite element model has been made by comparison of the model results with a three-dimension finite element model developed by commercial finite element software PLAXIS, and with the results of field tests of tension-type grouted ground anchor. A parametric study has been made to study the load-transfer mechanism for both types of anchors, compression, and tension. The compression-type anchor exhibits less displacement than the tension one under the same applied load. The developed strain in the grouted body of the compression-type anchor is much smaller than the tension-type one, regardless of the type of strain.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5325
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- A Study on the Influence of Plasma Nitriding Technology Parameters on the
Working Surface Deformation of Hypoid Gears
Open Access Article-
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Authors: H. K. Le
Pages: 9760 - 9765
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the research on the influence of plasma nitriding technology parameters on the working surface deformation of hypoid gears. Blue light technology with non-contact measuring devices is used to determine the working surface deformation of hypoid gears after plasma nitriding. The study has determined a regression equation showing the influence of plasma nitriding technology parameters on the deformation of the working surface of the hypoid gear. The minimum deformation optimization value at the planning area is 0.0071746 at permeation temperature TL=4.89oC, permeation time h=510h, and gas flow 1 G1=6.02L/h.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5365
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Reliability-based Design Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams
Using Genetic Algorithm and Monte Carlo Simulation
Open Access Article-
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Authors: T. H. Nguyen, V. D. Le, X. H. Vu, D. K. Nguyen
Pages: 9766 - 9770
Abstract: Steel-Concrete Composite (SCC) beams have been commonly used in civil and industrial buildings. It is the main bearing structure and accounts for 30-40% of the structural cost. Therefore, the optimal design with minimum weight and safety structure of the SCC beams is very important. Reliability is an important part of structural safety. Design according to reliability has been included in standards such as ISO 2394:2012, JB50153-92, and BS 5760-0:2014. This article aims to propose and apply a design optimization algorithm for the reliability-based design of SCC beams. The reliability-based design optimization of the SCC beams combines the safety conditions of EC-4, Genetic Algorithm, and Monte Carlo simulation. The numerical results show that with safety probability constraint conditions Ps=98%, the cross-section of the SCC beams can be reduced from IPE 400 to IPE 300.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5366
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Numerical Modeling of a Pile Group Subjected to Seismic Loading Using the
Hypoplasticity Model
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Authors: A. S. Jawad, B. S. Albusoda
Pages: 9771 - 9778
Abstract: Various simple and complicated models have been utilized to simulate the stress-strain behavior of the soil. These models are used in Finite Element Modeling (FEM) for geotechnical engineering applications and analysis of dynamic soil-structure interaction problems. These models either can't adequately describe some features, such as the strain-softening of dense sand, or they require several parameters that are difficult to gather by conventional laboratory testing. Furthermore, soils are not completely linearly elastic and perfectly plastic for the whole range of loads. Soil behavior is quite difficult to comprehend and exhibits a variety of behaviors under various circumstances. As a result, a more realistic constitutive model is needed, one that can represent the key aspects of soil behavior using simple parameters. In this regard, the powerful hypoplasticity model is suggested in this paper. It is classified as a non-linear model in which the stress increment is stated in a tonsorial form as a function of strain increment, actual stress, and void ratio. Eight material characteristics are needed for the hypoplastic model. The hypoplastic model has a unique way to keep the state variables and material parameters separated. Because of this property, the model can implement the behavior of soil under a variety of stresses and densities while using the same set of material properties.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5351
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Modeling and Simulation of Manufacturing Processes and Systems: Overview
of Tools, Challenges, and Future Opportunities
Open Access Article-
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Authors: M. Alquraish
Pages: 9779 - 9786
Abstract: Manufacturing is an important part of the modern economy. It is characterized by complexity in terms of systems, approaches, and interactions with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Numerous efforts have been developed to use modeling and simulation tools to improve manufacturing efficiency and productivity and to achieve maximum quality, especially with the different mutations in the factories of today. This paper reviews the conventional and modern tools used in manufacturing system design and production improvement. Challenges that need to be addressed by the simulation community are discussed in depth. Finally, the evolution, advances, current practices, and future opportunities are discussed in the context of the contemporary manufacturing industry.
PubDate: 2022-12-15
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5376
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- Experimental Analysis of the Dynamic Response of Saturated Clayey Soil
Under Impact Loading
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Authors: B. A. Ahmed, A. H. Rasheed
Pages: 9787 - 9794
Abstract: The impact of loads on machine foundations is a typical cause of vibrations in industrial applications. Typically, these foundations will transfer vertical dynamic loads to the surface, which will result in earth vibrations that may cause structural damage to nearby structures. Dynamic impacts can vary from significant failure of sensitive sensors or systems to evident structural damage. The current work investigates the behavior of saturated clay soil under a single impulsive load. Deflectometry via falling weights was conducted to produce single pulse energy by dropping different weights from various elevations. The reactions of soils at various places were investigated (vertical displacement at topsoil surface). Such reactions consist of displacements, velocities, and accelerations caused by the impact occurring at the surface depth. The maximum displacement reaction of stiff soil was reduced by 80% in comparison with soft soil under the same impact load. The average percentage of change for stiff soil was 49% larger than for soft soil, as a result of kinetic energy caused by an increased contact surface. Maximum displacements increased with increasing operational frequency and dynamic load.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5388
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- A Comparative Study of Reinforced Soil Shear Strength Prediction by the
Analytical Approach and Artificial Neural Networks
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Authors: L. Arabet, M. Hidjeb, F. Belaabed
Pages: 9795 - 9801
Abstract: For the prediction of the shear strength of reinforced soil many approaches are utilized which are complex and they depend on laboratory tests and several parameters. In this study, we aim to investigate and compare the ability of the Gray and Ohashi (GO) model and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict the shear strength of reinforced soil. To achieve this objective, this work was divided into two parts. In the first part and in order to evaluate the impact of different fiber reinforcing parameters on the behavior of the soil, many direct shear experiments were carried out. The results revealed a significant improvement in shear strength values with fiber reinforcement. The increase in shear strength is a function of the fiber length, proportion, and direction. In the second part, we used the results of our experimental study to develop the ANN model. The obtained results agree reasonably well with the experiment ones, with very acceptable error (RMSE =1.714, MAE=5.981, R2= 0.960, and E = -1.601%). The comparative study showed that the ANN model was more accurate and statistically more stable than the GO model, and the ANN model took all the conditions of the reinforced soil into one equation. On the other hand, the GO model does not take reinforcement failure and uses several equations.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5394
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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- The Effect of a Blast Load from Propane Gas Leakage on an RC Structure
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Authors: M. Tabet
Pages: 9802 - 9806
Abstract: The knowledge of the way a gas explosion affects a structure is still in its development. In this study, structural analysis software was used to construct a simplified approach to predict the impact of a Dynamic Blast Load (DBL) from gas leakage. During the explosion process, the overpressure distribution in a room is decomposed to maximum dynamic pressure point (DPPmax), where the explosion damages the most the structure. The simulation of the DBL was compared with the real consequences of gas explosion with the phenomenological data of a case study in Batna, Algeria. The results show that the simulation reproduced by our modeling of the DBL at structural scale is in good agreement with a real explosion. The distribution of stresses and strains over time indicates that the gas explosion inside residential buildings affected the entire surrounding of the area of the blast.
PubDate: 2022-12-01
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.5403
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 6 (2022)
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