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Abstract: Abstract Immigrants from Asian countries are the fastest-growing undocumented population in the United States (U.S.), yet not much is known about their health. This scoping review identifies the nature and extent of scientific literature on the health of undocumented Asian immigrants in the U.S. We conducted a comprehensive search of six electronic databases in 2024. Inclusion criteria were empirical articles written in English, published in peer-reviewed scientific journals from 2010 to 2024, and focused on a health outcome or health-related issue involving undocumented Asian immigrants. Results are summarized narratively. We identified 13 peer-reviewed publications. Nine studies were quantitative, and four were qualitative. Eight studies were conducted in California; two studies used national secondary data sources. Studies were mixed in their research focus. They covered a range of health outcomes and issues, such as mental health (n = 4), health services and access (n = 2), contraceptive use (n = 1), COVID-19 (n = 2), and HIV (n = 1). Three studies measured self-rated health alongside other conditions, such as disability, health insurance coverage, chronic health conditions, and obesity. Scholarship on the health of undocumented Asian immigrants is a growing research area. Given the small number of studies identified, future research with larger diverse samples, more robust methodology, and greater topical variety are warranted to understand the health of this population better and reduce potential inequities. PubDate: 2024-08-24
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Abstract: Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate Chaldean American perspectives towards legalization and moral acceptability of recreational and medicinal marijuana in the state of Michigan. An online survey was created and distributed through various social media groups, churches, and Chaldean organizations which resulted in a total of 637 respondents following the removal of respondents who did not meet criteria. The survey was open from March 20th, 2022 to April 20th, 2022. The independent variable was level of religiosity. The dependent variables were moral acceptability, opinion towards legalization of recreational and medicinal marijuana, and risk of cannabis use disorder. Logistic regression was used to estimate the strength of the association between the independent and dependent variables. Approximately 64% of the sample was female and 54.6% were between the ages of 21 to 29. Almost 80% of respondents reported high religiosity and 83.4% strongly or somewhat supported the legalization of medicinal marijuana. In addition, 85.8% felt medicinal marijuana was morally acceptable and 58.9% believed recreational marijuana was morally wrong. In the fully adjusted models, individuals who reported high religiosity (compared to low/moderate) were more likely to oppose legalization of recreational marijuana (OR = 2.80; 95% CI = 1.46, 5.39) and believed that marijuana was morally wrong (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.16, 4.78). This trend was not observed with medicinal marijuana. These findings have important implications in better understanding a traditionally conservative ethnic minority group in their attitudes towards marijuana and how religion influences their perspectives. Additional studies are needed to examine any changes in opinion overtime as this is the first study of its kind. PubDate: 2024-08-13
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Abstract: Abstract Immigrants to the United States often have longer life expectancies than their U.S.-born counterparts, however it is unclear whether a similar “immigrant advantage” exists for immigrants from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This study uses a novel machine-learning name classifier to offer one of the first national-level examinations of MENA mortality patterns by nativity in the United States. A recurrent neural network model was developed to identify MENA individuals based on given name and surname characteristics. The model was trained on more than 2.5 million mortality-linked social security records in the Berkeley Unified Numident Mortality Database (BUNMD). Mortality rates and life expectancy were estimated using a Gompertz distribution and maximum likelihood estimation, focusing on high-coverage years between 1988 and 2005 and deaths over age 65. Foreign-born MENA men over 65 showed a significant immigrant mortality advantage with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.64 and an estimated 3.13 additional years of life expectancy at age 65 compared to U.S.-born counterparts. Foreign-born MENA women also exhibited an advantage, with a HR of 0.71 and an additional 2.24 years of life expectancy at age 65. This study is one of the first national-level analyses of mortality outcomes among the over-65 MENA population in the United States, finding a MENA immigrant mortality advantage. The results suggest further research is needed to identify and disaggregate the MENA population in health research. PubDate: 2024-08-04
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Abstract: Abstract A large body of research has documented racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity in the United States (US) but less work has sought to understand differences within racial groups. Longitudinal studies are needed to describe BMI trajectories across development, particularly for Black children from immigrant families who have been underrepresented in childhood obesity research. The current study utilizes BMI data collected longitudinally from ages 5 to 8 years and growth mixture modeling to (1) identify and visualize growth patterns among Black children from primarily Caribbean immigrant families, and (2) to compare these patterns to growth trajectories among Black children from US-born families. First, we identified four classes or trajectories of growth for Black children from immigrant families. The largest trajectory (70% of the sample) maintained non-overweight throughout the study period. A second trajectory developed overweight by age 8 (25%). Two small trajectory groups demonstrated high rates of moderate and severe obesity–i.e., specifically, a trajectory of accelerated weight gain ending in moderate/severe obesity (3%), and a trajectory of early severe obesity with BMI decreasing slightly with age (2%). We identified a very similar four class/trajectory model among Black children from US-born families, and compared the model to the one for children from immigrant families using multi-group growth mixture modeling. We found that the patterns of growth did not differ significantly between the populations, with two notable exceptions. Among Black children from immigrant families, ∼ 5% were classified into the two heavier BMI trajectories, compared to ∼ 11% of children from US-born families. Additionally, among children with an accelerated weight gain trajectory, children from immigrant families had lower BMIs on average at each time point than children from US-born families. These findings describe the multiple trajectories of weight gain among Black children from immigrant families and demonstrate that although these trajectories are largely similar to those of Black children from US-born families, the differences provide some evidence for lower obesity risk among Black children from immigrant families compared to Black children from US-born families. As this study is the first to describe BMI trajectories for Black children from immigrant families across early and middle childhood, future work is needed to replicate these results and to explore differences in heavier weight trajectories between children from immigrant and US-born families. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract Physical activity (PA) is critical for healthy aging, yet < 16% of U.S. older adults meet federal recommendations for moderate to vigorous PA. Asian Americans are a rapidly growing segment of the older adult population, who are less likely to meet these guidelines, and are frequently under-represented in clinical trials. This quasi-experimental pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a culturally tailored walking program to improve PA and social engagement for older Chinese Americans in Boston, MA. Participants at two community organizations were assigned to an enhanced walking or walking only condition for 12 weeks. Mixed effect repeated measures analysis addressed the study aims. The enhanced walking group (intervention) had fewer steps at baseline and less of a reduction in steps by 12 weeks as compared with the walking only (control) condition. Mean social engagement scores were significantly higher at 12 weeks (p = .03) for the intervention group. A culturally tailored walking intervention was feasible and acceptable for older Chinese Americans, improving social engagement and PA scores. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract Recognizing the inequities in developmental screening and services for children in immigrant families, a pediatric primary care clinic in partnership with a community-based early childhood program co-created a bicultural, bilingual early childhood developmental (ECD) family navigator program in Seattle, Washington. The primary aim of this study is to explore caregivers’ perspectives about this program. Twenty-seven caregivers of young children participated in semi-structured interviews that were thematically analyzed. Three key themes were identified: 1) sharing language and culture, 2) facilitating accessibility, and 3) promoting development. Caregivers valued linguistic and cultural concordance between the navigator and the family, the navigator’s approach to screening to improve accessibility and reduce barriers, and the focus on supporting early childhood development. Understanding caregivers’ experience with the ECD family navigator development program and the aspects they value, informs clinic-based approaches to ensure families of diverse language and cultural backgrounds have accessible development screening and connection to services. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract People from refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds resettling in Australia often experience intersecting risks for poor mental and physical health. Physical activity can promote better health outcomes, however there are limited programs tailored for this population. Therefore, understanding how to support refugees and asylum seekers to engage in physical activity is crucial. This paper aims to describe how the experience-based co-design (EBCD) process was used to identify priorities for a new physical activity service for refugees and asylum seekers. Using an EBCD framework we conducted qualitative interviews and co-design workshops with service users (refugees and asylum seekers living in the community) and service providers at a community Centre in Sydney, Australia. Sixteen participants, including eight service users and eight service providers engaged in the EBCD process over 12-months. The interviews revealed common themes or ‘touchpoints’ including barriers and enablers to physical activity participation such as access, safety and competing stressors. Subsequent co-design focus groups resulted in the establishment of five fundamental priorities and actionable strategies; ensuring cultural and psychological safety, promoting accessibility, facilitating support to access basic needs, enhancing physical activity literacy and fostering social connection. Using EBCD methodology, this study used the insights and lived experiences of both service users and providers to co-design a physical activity service for refugees and asylum seekers which is safe, supportive, social and accessible. The results of the implementation and evaluation of the program are ongoing. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract Inadequate comprehension of healthcare information contributes to poor health outcomes. Ethnic minorities are one of the populations most affected by low health and oral health literacy (OHL). The hypothesis of the current study was that an oral health education program (OHEP) can improve the OHL, oral health awareness and behaviors of refugees. We also hypothesized that there will be a difference between OHL in English and native language in the Pre-intervention phase. Fifty-two adult refugees participated in an educational program that included a comprehensive and culturally sensitive PowerPoint presentation and hands-on learning activities on oral health topics. The study used a cross-sectional pre-post study design. Before the program (Pre-intervention group), participants completed 2 surveys: Sociodemographic Survey and Oral Health Perceptions of Refugees in a bilingual format, and the Estimate of Oral Health Literacy-Bilingual40 (EOHL-BL40) in English, and in the participants’ native language. Immediately after an OHEP (Post-intervention group), participants completed the EOHL-BL40 survey in English only. Two weeks after OHEP (Follow-up intervention), participants completed again the Sociodemographic Survey and Oral Health Perceptions of Refugees and the Estimate of Oral Health Literacy-Bilingual40 (EOHL-BL40) in English only. The mean percentage of words understood on Pre-intervention EOHL-BL40 survey were significantly higher in native languages (47.3% ±3.7%) compared with survey in English (15.3% ±1.2%, P < 0.001). Post-intervention scores, immediately after educational program, were higher (28.6% ±2.4%), P < 0.001) for survey in English compared with the Pre-intervention (15.3% ±1.2%). The follow-up (2 weeks later) scores (25.5% ±2.4) were slightly lower than Post-intervention but still significantly higher (P < 0.001) than Pre-intervention. Results for both Sociodemographic Survey and Oral Health Perceptions of Refugees surveys were similar: the OHEP positively affected oral health awareness and oral health behaviors. Results of the study suggested that OHEP may improve oral health literacy, oral health awareness, and personal oral hygiene practices of refugees. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the mental health symptoms endorsed by DACA recipients. This study included qualitative and quantitative original, peer-reviewed articles related to mental health or psychological state or wellbeing of DACA recipients. Articles were abstracted from PsychInfo, PubMed, and GoogleScholar. The results included a total of fifteen articles, which were divided into qualitative and quantitative findings. The qualitative articles had a common theme of endorsement of depressive symptoms and negative affect associated to changes in familial and financial responsibilities and living in a difficult sociopolitical climate in the United States. The quantitative articles identified lower odds or symptom severity of depression and other internalizing symptoms compared to undocumented individuals. This summary review was limited by the ample exclusion of access to health care studies among DACamented individuals, which could have provided a broader picture about the health and accessibility for DACA recipients. Despite the limitations, this review identifies DACA as a policy that allows this group to improve their social function and quality of life compared to undocumented individuals but still endorse high levels of negative affect related to perceived challenging sociopolitical atmospheres PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract Migrant and seasonal farmworkers are a vulnerable population with a potentially high risk for hearing loss due to farm-related noise exposures. Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is permanent, and it is associated with an increased risk for injuries on the job, as well as communication difficulties, isolation, and depression. The México/US border region is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the country, however, no known studies have explored hearing loss among farmworkers in this area. This pilot study was a first step toward measuring and addressing hearing loss and noise exposure among this region’s farmworkers. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of subjective hearing difficulties among Yuma County, Arizona farmworkers. Survey interviews took place during a late-night farmworker health fair from 2 am to 6 am to accommodate local farms’ labor schedules. Multivariable regression adjusted for demographic and work covariates estimated subjective hearing loss prevalence ratios. Among 132 farmworker participants, 36% reported they have or might have hearing loss, and 62% reported no hearing loss. Subjective hearing loss prevalence was lower in farmworkers who report not working in noise compared to prevalence in farmworkers who work in noise [prevalence ratio, 0.44 (95% CI 0.23–0.82)]. This report contributes to understanding the perception of hearing-related health and occupational exposures among farmworkers in the México-US Southwest border region. The information from this line of research will inform appropriate safety measures known to lower the risk of experiencing occupational NIHL. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract We tested the hypothesis that children in New York City (NYC) with an immigrant parent were more likely to lack health insurance and report poorer parent-rated health compared to those of US-born parents in this serial, cross-sectional study using existing data from 2009 to 2017 among children age < 12 years in two NYC health surveys. Main outcomes were parent-reported responses for (1) child insurance coverage and (2) child general health status. In multivariable logistic regression models, we estimated likelihood of outcomes for children of immigrants compared to those of US-born parents, adjusting for child, parent, and household characteristics. We included 2,637 children in 2009 and 7,042 in 2017 in NYC. In 2017, children of immigrant parents were more likely to experience uninsurance than children of US-born parents [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.36 (95% CI: 1.05–5.31)]. Compared to children of US-born parents, children with an immigrant parent were more likely to have a gap in insurance coverage in both 2009 (AOR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.08–3.27) and 2017 (AOR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.06–2.41). Although more children of immigrants had poor/fair health than those of US-born parents in both years, differences were not statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. Our findings among a sample of children eligible for health insurance suggest policies intended to expand child health care access did not equitably reach children of immigrants despite their eligibility for health insurance. Tailored interventions for children of immigrants are needed to mitigate disparities in health insurance coverage. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract Hispanics in the United States (U.S.) have previously exhibited lower guideline-concordant colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake than non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, with disparities accentuated in foreign-born Hispanics, however it is unclear whether nativity-related CRC screening disparities have changed in the last two decades and whether these disparities are attenuated after adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. We evaluated CRC screening adherence in foreign- and U.S.-born Hispanics compared to U.S.-born NH Whites. We used 2019 National Health Interview Survey data to compare the prevalence of up-to-date CRC screening per the 2019 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations among Hispanic nativity subgroups (i.e., foreign- and U.S.-born) and U.S.-born NH Whites using unadjusted and adjusted weighted log-linked binomial regression. Foreign- and U.S.-born Hispanics had a significantly lower unadjusted prevalence of up-to-date screening than U.S.-born NH Whites (47.18% and 64.18% versus 70.70%; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0109, respectively). After adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic differences, the prevalence of up-to-date screening was lower in foreign-born Hispanics compared to U.S.-born NH Whites [adjusted prevalence ratio 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.70–0.91)]; however, no statistically significant difference was observed between U.S.-born Hispanics and NH Whites. Our results suggest a low screening uptake in foreign-born Hispanics independent of socioeconomic and demographic differences. Future interventions should target foreign-born Hispanics to address disparities and promote early detection and prevention of CRC regardless of socioeconomic factors. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract To evaluate the quality of Electronic Health Record (EHR) documentation practices of Female Genital Cutting (FGC) by medical providers. A retrospective chart review study of 99 patient encounter notes within the University of Minnesota health system (inclusive of 40 hospitals and clinics) was conducted. Extracted data included but was not limited to patient demographics, reason for patient visit, ICD code used in note, and provider description of FGC anatomy. Data was entered into REDCAP and categorized according to descriptive statistics. Out of 99 encounters, 45% used the unspecified code for FGC. The most common reason for patient visits was sexual pain, though many notes contained several reasons for the visit regarding reproductive, urological, or sexual concerns. 56% of visits discussed deinfibulation. 11 different terms for FGC were used, with “female circumcision” being the most common. 14 different terms for deinfibulation were found within 64 notes. 42% of encounters included a description of introitus size in the anatomical description, and only 38% of these provided a metric measurement. This study found significant variation in the quality of FGC documentation practices. Medical providers often used the unspecified FGC code, subjective and/or seemingly inaccurate descriptions of FGC/anatomy, and several different terms for both FGC and deinfibulation. Clearly, more education is needed in clinical training programs to (1) identify FGC type, (2) use the corresponding ICD code, and (3) use specific, objective descriptions (including presence/absence of structures and infibulation status). PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract The aim of this review is to investigate barriers and enablers of diabetes self-management strategies among migrant Arabic-speaking background [ASB] individuals living with type 2 diabetes in high-income Western countries. Despite living in high-income Western countries, individuals from ASB are perceived to have difficulties adopting self-management strategies and this necessitates gaining an understanding of factors that may impact the uptake of these strategies. Ten studies are included in this review: five quantitative and five qualitative. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal and Hawker tools. The findings of the quantitative studies were descriptively analysed, while thematic analysis was performed for the qualitative studies. The results indicate that individuals from ASB are perceived to have low levels of adherence to diabetes self-management. It is also suggested that participants who did not complete high school have poorer glycaemic control compared to those with a high school qualification (30 vs. 16%). Regular exercise was reported to be less likely to be adopted by ASBs homemakers, and those who were unemployed, by 82% and 70%, respectively, compared to those employed (homemakers: OR = 0.187, P = 0.006; 95% CI = 056–0.620), (unemployed OR = 0.30, P = 0.046; 95% CI = 0.093–0.980). Cultural, social, religious beliefs, lack of knowledge and language barriers are some of the factors identified that impact self-management among ASB individuals. It is suggested that diabetes self-management education program (DSME) tailored to ASB immigrants culture may be an effective way to encourage them to uptake self-management strategies. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract There are few primary studies that focused on the older immigrants’ food habits and meal preferences after immigration and settlement in a new country. A comprehensive database search for literature was conducted in May 2021 and upgraded in September 2021. Ten databases (Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycInfo (Ovid), Cinahl (EBSCOhost), Food Science Source (EBSCOhost), SocIndex (EBSCOhost), Social Care Online, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA), Web of Science and Google Scholar), were scanned for original, peer-reviewed papers published in English. The review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and SWiM items. Out of 3069 records, 10 papers were included for thematic synthesis. A data synthesis across all studies resulted in three main findings: (i) the significance of food in maintaining cultural identity, (ii) the continuity of traditional food culture and (iii) adapting to the host country’s food culture. Although different forms of dietary acculturation occur throughout life, older immigrants often want to maintain their traditional food habits and meal preferences. For them, traditional eating habits offer comfort and security by serving as a means of identifying who they are and reminding them where they have come from. Public health and social services play an important role in providing cultural nutritional care to older immigrants; therefore, this issue should be carefully addressed by professionals and future research. Registration: The review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 27 September 2022 with registration number CRD42022358235. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract Community Health Workers (CHWs) are an effective strategy to address the health needs of specified communities. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the use of CHWs to address the health needs of the Latino male population. This project used specific search terms to identify relevant articles from PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Eligible articles included studies, conducted in the U.S. and in English from 2010 to 2022, that assessed the use of CHWs among a predominantly male (≥ 50%) Latino population. Twenty articles consisting of 13 interventions were identified for review and were further categorized into male-only participant samples (n = 10) and mixed-gender but predominantly-male participant samples (n = 10) for synthesis. Male-only participant samples focused on occupational health and participant’s social support and networks. Predominantly-male, mixed-gender participant sample interventions were disease-centered and emphasized the longitudinal support of CHWs as well as social networks. Of the 13 interventions reviewed, almost all (n = 10) utilized existing social networks for engagement and nearly half (n = 6) employed community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles. Findings suggest that recruiting CHWs from within existing social networks and using CBPR are important factors for successful health promotion among male Latinos. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract Suicide remains a major public health problem, with nearly 1 million deaths per year. The number tends to increase over time and factors leading to suicide suicidal behaviors are complex. However, there is a paucity of evidence on suicidal behaviors and the associated factors among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior between indigenous and non-indigenous living with HIV who were on Dolutegravir and Efavirenz therapies. The cross-sectional data were collected using questionnaires. Participants completed the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42), HIV Stigma-Sowell Scale, and demographic information questions. The outcome was low and high self-reported suicidal behaviors, while logistic regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associated factors of high suicidal behaviors. A total of 200 PLWH were enrolled and 8.5% of the participants had high levels of suicidal behaviors. The majority of participants were Efavirenz users (84.0%), and Papuans as Indigenous (75.5%). More than half had a high school education (60.5%), were female (58%), married (54%), and unpaid (59%). The multiple logistic regression model showed that indigenous (aOR = 0.122; 95% CI = 0.029–0.514), and people who had children (aOR = 0.221; 95% CI = 0.051–0.957) were more likely to have low suicidal behaviors. Participants who were aged 18–27 years (aOR = 5.894; 95% CI = 1.336–30.579), had high self-blame (aOR = 1.342; 95% CI) = 1.004–1.792), and detectable HIV viral load (aOR = 6.177; 95%CI = 1.118–34.119) had high suicidal behavior. This study identified the risk of suicidality among PLWHs is high and routine suicide assessment is prioritized. The findings are also useful for intervention design and the development of clinical practice guidelines to manage the well-being of PLWH such as using digital intervention to cope with hindrances. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract Familism is a multidimensional construct that includes familial support. However, limited research examines whether the sub-components of familism equally contribute to mental health and whether familism protects against depression beyond social support. To address these gaps, we test associations between the multidimensional components of familism (familial support, familial obligations, family as referents) and social support with depressive symptoms among immigrant Dominican women in New York City. We tested associations between the multidimensional components of familism, specifically, familial support, familial obligations, and family as referents (Sabogal et al., 1987), as well as social support, with depressive symptoms among 419 women. Multiple regression analysis indicated that whereas familial support predicted decreases in depressive symptoms (β = − 0.15), family obligations, and family as referents did not. However, only social support predicted decreased depressive symptoms (β= − 0.18) when accounting for covariates and familism subscales. Controlling for covariates, age predicted decreased depressive symptoms (β = − 0.19), whereas self-rated poor health exhibited the inverse effect (β = 0.17). These findings highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of familism, social support, and the association of cultural and demographic values on Latina mental health. These results illustrate the need for further analysis of social support and the multiple components of the familism construct. PubDate: 2024-07-31
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Abstract: Abstract Immigrants, nearly half of whom prefer a language other than English (LOE), face structural barriers to healthcare. This subgroup is believed to be at increased risk for reduced access to quality healthcare, yet few studies have examined the health needs and utilization patterns of LOE-preferring patients who seek care in the Emergency Department (ED). Given that the ED is often an entry point to the health system, we sought to characterize the health patterns of this population in an urban ED setting. We conducted a retrospective chart review of the electronic medical records of 1,566 patients who utilized interpreter services in the ED or Urgent Care) at an urban safety net hospital. We found that LOE-preferring patients had high levels of chronic disease. We also found that the majority of these patients had not seen a primary care provider (PCP) within the study period. PCP visits were positively associated with ED utilization suggesting that those without a PCP are less likely to receive ED care. These findings point to a need for greater policy and community health solutions addressing the high burden of chronic disease and underutilization of healthcare for those with LOE preferences. PubDate: 2024-07-31
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Abstract: Abstract Discrimination is detrimental to health. Little is known about perceived discrimination among Somali immigrants. We examined whether age or proportion of lifetime in the United States was associated with perceived discrimination among Somali immigrants. Guided by Intersectionality, we described a secondary analysis of Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) survey data from the Healthy Immigrant Community study. Younger participants ( ≤40 years) experienced more discrimination than older participants ( >40 years). Higher education, being male, and earning $20,000-$39,999 was associated with more perceived discrimination. These findings suggest that Somali immigrants who are younger, more formally educated, male, and/or earn $20,000-$39,000 report more discrimination than their counterparts. Possible explanations include exposure to discrimination outside the Somali community or more awareness about racism. Alternatively, the EDS may not capture the discrimination experienced by Somali women or older adults. Further research is needed to address the discrimination experienced by Somali immigrants. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05136339, November 29,2021. PubDate: 2024-07-18