Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 0957-4824 - ISSN (Online) 1460-2245 Published by Oxford University Press[419 journals]
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Authors:Tremblay M. Pages: 1517 - 1520 Abstract: On 26 September 2020, Ms Joyce Echaquan, a 37-year-old Atikamekw mother of 7, arrived at a hospital center in Joliette (Québec, Canada) by ambulance. She was seeking medical assistance for acute abdominal pain of unknown cause that she started experiencing the day before. She was quickly stereotyped by the clinical team as a drug addict and a difficult, noncooperative patient (Kamel, 2021). Based on these prejudices, her pleas for help were essentially ignored. On 28 September, in the moments before she died from heart failure with pulmonary edema, Echaquan video-captured racist and degrading comments from healthcare workers with her cell phone, powerfully broadcasting to the world the prejudicial treatment experienced by Indigenous people in the healthcare system. PubDate: Thu, 23 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab201 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Cvjetkovic S; Bjegovic-Mikanovic V, Langher V. Pages: 1530 - 1538 Abstract: SummaryPsychological distress in university students represents a rising public health concern. The complexity of this phenomenon calls for a more in-depth scrutiny, in order to address the wide diversity of mental health issues that may arise in this population. The instrument designed for the purpose of measuring the student-specific distress is needed. An appropriate tool is the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms 62 (CCAPS-62), multidimensional scale widely used at many universities. The objective of the present study was to translate, culturally adapt and psychometrically validate CCAPS-62 in Serbian student population. A total of 1326 Belgrade University students were recruited from twelve different faculties. Considering the possible culturally conditioned differences in the quality of distress both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The results of the exploratory factor analysis supported the eight-factor model with the item composition of the factors different to a certain extent from the original version. This measurement model was verified by confirmatory factor analysis. Findings demonstrated good internal consistency for the total scale as well as for the eight subscales applied among Serbian students. Implications are discussed with respect to the cultural context of mental health concerns in student population. PubDate: Thu, 23 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa119 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Pinero de Plaza M; Taghian M, Marmolejo-Ramos F, et al. Pages: 1539 - 1553 Abstract: SummaryThe investigation of the characteristics and attributes that make a brand prominent for shoppers is known as salience research. This line of study concentrates on influencing buying behaviors via the manipulation of shopping environments and food products. Such promotional strategies successfully attract massive food sales and therefore have been associated with changes in dietary patterns and the epidemic expansion of non-communicable diseases, like obesity. Marketers have empirically proven that global buying patterns are influenced by their salience strategies and techniques. However, despite the significance of such methods, empirical salience investigations have rarely been extended beyond their primary business focus to the field of health promotion. Therefore, this study is presenting a way of transferring the salience knowledge to the health promotion field in order to track dietary choices and possibly gain information to identify buying and eating behaviors connected to obesity. The salience literature from various disciplines permits to hypothesize that consumers are more likely to have unhealthy diets when food-choices and conditions are saliently manipulated. A quasi-experimental method (combining salience measures with Bayesian analysis) was used to test this proposition. The results support the hypothesis and endorse the introduced research tool. As predicted, data reflect the latest national overweight and obesity statistics and suggest that habitual unhealthy diets are more likely when salience strategies link food products to taste, social and emotional attributes. These preliminary findings encourage further investigation to enhance the method as a possible epidemiological tool. PubDate: Thu, 18 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa123 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Seijo M; Spira C, Chaparro M, et al. Pages: 1554 - 1565 Abstract: SummaryAlthough obesity and non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention efforts to-date have focused mainly on individual level factors, the social and physical environments in which people live are now widely recognized as important social determinants of health. Obesogenic environments promote higher dietary energy intakes and sedentary behaviors, thus contributing to the obesity/NCD burden. To develop quality indicators (QIs) for measuring food and physical activity (PA)-built environments in municipalities. A literature review was conducted. Based on the best practices identified from this review, a draft set of candidate QI was retrieved. The initial 67 QIs were then evaluated by a modified Delphi panel of multidisciplinary health professionals (n = 40) to determine their relevance, validity, and feasibility in 3 rounds of voting and threaded discussion using a modified RAND/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Methodology. Response rate for the panel was 89.4%. All final 42 QIs were rated as highly relevant, valid, and feasible (median rating ≥ 7 on a 1–9 scale), with no significant disagreement. The final QI set addresses for the PA domain: (i) promotion of PA; and (ii) improvements in the environment to strengthen the practice of PA; and for Food environment domain: (i) promotion of healthy eating; (ii) access to healthy foods; and (iii) promotion of responsible advertising. We generated a set of indicators to evaluate the PA and food built environment, which can be adapted for use in Latin American and other low- and middle-income countries. PubDate: Sat, 20 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa138 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Shoker K; Doornekamp L, Horjus B, et al. Pages: 1566 - 1577 Abstract: SummaryViral infections have a large share in human morbidity and mortality. Next to vaccinations and hygiene measures, health education plays a role in preventing infections. Social scientists argue that empowerment should be included in health education, as increasing knowledge is insufficient to achieve sustainable behaviour change. Within the international education module ‘Viruskenner’, primary school students learn how to prevent virus infections by identifying health risks and developing interventions. This qualitative formative study explored to what extent Viruskenner creates conditions in which empowerment processes can arise and take place in the Netherlands and Suriname. Indicators of empowerment, as defined in the literature and placed in the attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy model, were assessed during semi-structured interviews (n = 24) with students, parents, teachers and facilitators. We conclude that Viruskenner is successful in creating conditions for empowerment processes to arise and take place, specifically in attitude and self-efficacy. According to interviewees, the module raised students’ motivation, skills and confidence to take action to improve health behaviour. Educators played a stimulating role in the participatory setting in both countries, while content relevance and community involvement differed between the Netherlands and Suriname. These outcomes could improve this module and possibly other health education programmes. PubDate: Fri, 19 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa153 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Nutbeam D; Muscat D. Pages: 1578 - 1598 Abstract: Lay summaryThe Health Promotion Glossary 2021 is designed to help clarify the meaning and relationship between terms commonly used in health promotion. This is the first full review and revision of the Glossary in over 20 years. It reflects the continued evolution and development of concepts since the 1998 Glossary, providing an updated overview of the many ideas which are central to contemporary health promotion.The aim of the Glossary is to facilitate communication among the professions and sectors working in health promotion. The list of terms in the Glossary is not intended to be either exhaustive or exclusive, and draws upon the wide range of disciplines from which health promotion has its origins. The definitions should not be regarded as ‘the final word’ on the terms included. Definitions by their very nature are restrictive, often representing summaries of complex ideas and actions. The use of terms will often be context-specific, and influenced by different social, cultural and economic conditions in countries and communities. Despite these obvious restrictions, the glossary has been assembled to enable as wide an audience as possible to understand the basic ideas and concepts which are central to the development of health promotion. PubDate: Mon, 05 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa157 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Okpara C; Anselm A, Felix T, et al. Pages: 1599 - 1609 Abstract: AbstractPrevious studies on the effect of cartoon hardly consider the moderating role of colour. Additionally, studies on the use of social media for health promotion pay less attention to sustainability of health behaviour. In this study, we examined the moderating role of colour on the effectiveness of COVID-19 YouTube animated cartoons on health behaviour of social media users in Nigeria. We survey a total of 470 social media users in Nigeria who reported exposure to YouTube COVID-19 animated cartoons. It was found that colour significantly predict recall of YouTube animated cartoons on COVID-19. In addition, the result of the study revealed that colour significantly moderate impact ofCOVID-19 YouTube animated cartoons on health behaviour of social media users. The result further showed that exposure to COVID-19 YouTube animated cartoons will significantly predict knowledge of the virus. The result also showed that recall of messages theme in COVID-19 YouTube animated cartoons significantly predicts health behaviour of social media users. Finally, the result of the study showed that self-efficacy, task self-efficacy, coping self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy significantly predict health behaviour sustainability among social media users who are exposed to COVID-19 YouTube animated cartoon. We highlighted the implications of these results on health promotions. PubDate: Wed, 17 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab001 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Rouvinen H; Jokiniemi K, Sormunen M, et al. Pages: 1610 - 1620 Abstract: SummaryThe amount of time spent online has increased over the last decade among higher education students. Students engage in online activities related to studies, work, leisure, entertainment and electronic services (e-services) use. The Internet is also used for health-related matters. The increase in the use of the Internet has influenced students’ health, especially mental and physical health and well-being. This scoping review scrutinizes the literature between 2015 and 2020 (N = 55) on the association between Internet use and health in higher education students. A methodological framework, outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, was applied to conduct this review. Systematic searches were carried out in the CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus databases and in the available grey literature. For the data, a thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke was utilized. Two major themes of ‘Health-promoting Internet use’ and ‘Health-threatening Internet use’ emerged and are described in this review. PubDate: Fri, 19 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab007 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Mansfield R; Humphrey N, Patalay P. Pages: 1621 - 1632 Abstract: AbstractConceptual frameworks for school-based, preventive interventions recognise that educators’ capacity is, in part, dependent on school-level characteristics. This study aimed to (i) examine the factor structure and internal consistency of the Mental Health Literacy and Capacity Survey for Educators (MHLCSE); (ii) assess responses in relation to supporting students’ mental health; (iii) describe schools’ mental health provision in terms of designated roles, training offered, and perceived barriers; (iv) investigate variance in MHLCSE outcomes explained by schools; and, (v) explore school-level predictors of educators’ perceived MHL and capacity after controlling for individual-level characteristics. A multi-level, cross-sectional design involving 710 educators across 248 schools in England was used, and secondary analyses of baseline data collected as part of the Education for Wellbeing Programme were conducted. Mental health provision data was available for 206 schools, of which 95% offered training to some staff, and 71% had a designated mental health lead. Secondary schools offered significantly more training than primary schools. Significant barriers included lack of capacity in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and within school, and communication challenges between agencies. The amount of training offered by schools significantly predicted educators’ awareness and knowledge of mental health issues, treatments and services, legislation and processes for supporting students’ mental health and comfort providing active support, with increased training predicting higher scores. However, little variance was explained by schools (1.7–12.1%) and school-level variables (0.7–1.2%). Results are discussed in relation to current mental health and education policy in England. PubDate: Mon, 01 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab010 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Denniss E; Woods J, Lawrence M. Pages: 1633 - 1643 Abstract: AbstractConsumption of healthy and sustainable diets (HSD) provides opportunities to co-benefit human health and adapt to and mitigate climate change. Despite robust evidence and policy recommendations from authoritative groups to reorientate the food system to favour consumption of HSD there has been limited policy action. This study investigated potential barriers and enablers for successful HSD policies in Australia. A review of HSD policy recommendations and of current Australian policies was undertaken. Results from the reviews informed a Delphi study, which investigated Australian stakeholder opinions on the effectiveness of HSD policy recommendations and barriers and enablers to creating successful HSD policies. Nine participants completed two Delphi iterations. A lack of consensus was reached on the effectiveness of policy recommendations. Consensus was reached on the effect of five barriers and three enablers. Key barriers were: the complex nature of the food system, competing interests of stakeholders, pressure from industry, government silos and lack of political will. Key enablers were: building relationships with key stakeholders across multiple disciplines and sectors, understanding the policy making process and developing a clear and coherent solution. Most of the identified barriers fall under the broad category of lack of political will. Interrelationships between barriers are likely worsening the impact of inadequate political will. There is a need to act on the identified barriers and enablers to secure the HSD policies that are required. Interactions between barriers may present an opportunity to address them simultaneously. PubDate: Fri, 05 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab013 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Maceinaitė R; Šurkienė G, Žandaras Ž, et al. Pages: 1644 - 1655 Abstract: SummaryThe concept of the Health Promoting School (HPS) encourages a holistic approach to promoting health in schools, instead of a more traditional education on health. The aim of this paper was to determine the association between studying in a HPS and smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents. A cross-sectional study of 3574 adolescents from 44 HPS and 66 non-HPSs was conducted. The association between studying in a HPS and smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents was analysed using logistic regression models. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to determine the differences between HPS and non-HPS students’ sociodemographic characteristics, and the difference in distribution of students who smoked and consumed alcohol at various rates across different groups. Studying in a HPS setting was not significantly associated with adolescent smoking or attempts to smoke. Compared to HPS students, non-HPS students had a significantly higher chance of attempting to consume alcohol and consumed alcohol once a month or more frequently. In comparing the distribution of HPS and non-HPS students according to the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption across various groups of respondents, it was determined that some factors were associated with frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents. The results of the study showed that studying in a HPS was associated with a reduction in both smoking and alcohol consumption, and therefore it is advisable to further develop the HPS network. However, both the individual and educational characteristics of adolescents must be taken into account when planning prevention measures. PubDate: Sat, 20 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab014 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Saab M; FitzGerald S, Noonan B, et al. Pages: 1656 - 1671 Abstract: SummaryLung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Barriers to the early presentation for LC include lack of symptom awareness, symptom misappraisal, poor relationship with doctors and lack of access to healthcare services. Addressing such barriers can help detect LC early. This systematic review describes the effect of recent interventions to improve LC awareness, help-seeking and early detection. This review was guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, APA PsycARTICLES, APA PsycInfo and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched. Sixteen studies were included. Knowledge of LC was successfully promoted in most studies using educational sessions and campaigns. LC screening uptake varied with most studies successfully reducing decision conflicts using decision aids. Large campaigns, including UK-based campaign ‘Be Clear on Cancer’, were instrumental in enhancing LC awareness, promoting help-seeking and yielding an increase in chest X-rays and a decrease in the number of individuals diagnosed with advanced LC. Multimodal public health interventions, such as educational campaigns are best suited to raise awareness, reduce barriers to help-seeking and help detect LC early. Future interventions ought to incorporate targeted information using educational resources, face-to-face counselling and video- and web-based decision aids. PubDate: Sat, 27 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab016 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Kirk S; Olstad D, McIsaac J, et al. Pages: 1672 - 1682 Abstract: SummaryAs providers of community-based physical activity programs, recreation and sports facilities serve as an important resource for health promotion. Unfortunately, the food environments within these settings often do not reflect healthy eating guidelines. This study sought to describe facilitators and barriers to implementing provincial nutrition guidelines in recreation and sports facilities in three Canadian provinces with nutrition guidelines. Semi-structured interviews were analysed thematically to identify facilitators and barriers to implementing provincial nutrition guidelines. Facilitators and barriers were then categorised using a modified “inside out” socio-ecological model that places health-related and other social environments at the centre. A total of 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted at two time-points across the three guideline provinces. Interview participants included recreation staff managers, facility committee or board members and recreation volunteers. Eight facilitators and barriers were identified across five levels of the inside out socio-ecological model. Facilitators included provincial or municipal expectations of guideline implementation, clear communication to staff around guideline directives and the presence of a champion within the community or facility who supported guideline implementation. Barriers included unhealthy food culture within community, competition from other food providers and issues within food service contracts that undermined healthy food provision. Findings reinforce the importance of top down (clear expectations regarding guideline implementation at the time of approval) and bottom up (need for buy-in from multiple stakeholders) approaches to ensure successful implementation of nutrition guidelines. The application of a modified socio-ecological model allowed for a more nuanced understanding of leverage points to support successful guideline implementation. Lay summary Healthy eating is an important behaviour for preventing chronic diseases. Supporting people to access healthy foods in places where they live, learn, work or play is a public health priority. Recreation and sports facilities are a setting where people can be physically active. Unfortunately, the food environment in these settings may not reflect nutrition guidelines. In this study, we interviewed key stakeholders from recreation and sports facilities in three Canadian provinces who had put guidelines for healthy eating in place. We used a specific framework to do this called the inside out socio-ecological model. Eight facilitators and barriers were identified using this model. Facilitators included provincial or municipal expectations of guideline implementation, clear communication to staff around guideline directives and the presence of a champion within the community or facility who supported guideline implementation. Barriers included unhealthy food culture within community, competition from other food providers and issues within food service contracts that undermined healthy food provision. Our findings can help people working in recreation and sports facilities to identify issues that may help or hinder healthy food provision in these settings. PubDate: Mon, 22 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab017 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Zysset A; Schlatter N, von Wyl A, et al. Pages: 1683 - 1693 Abstract: SummaryBackgroundYoung adults are not considered a risk group, but the public health response to COVID-19 impacts all citizens. We investigated the impact on young adults’ and their adherence to containment measures addressing potential gender differences.MethodsIn April 2020 12 341 students of the Zurich University of Applied Sciences were invited to a longitudinal health survey. Survey topics spanned socio-demographic data, students’ health status and behavior, COVID-19 specific impact, concerns, information sources, adherence to containment measures, and trust in government bodies. Group comparisons by gender and multivariate ordinal regression models assessing adherence to restrictions of mobility and social contacts were conducted (n = 2373).ResultsMean age was 26.4 (SD = 5.6), 70% were female. 43.5% reported some concern about their own health, 2.7% stated major worries. Women experienced more conflicts (p < 0.000) and, enjoyed time with the family more (p < 0.000). Men felt less locked up (p = 0.001). The most frequented COVID-19 information source was public media (48%) and confidence in government bodies was high (82%) for both genders. Men yielded lower adjusted odds (OR; 95%-CI) of adherence regarding the following measures: social distancing (0.68; 0.53–0.87), non-utilization of public transport (0.74; 0.56–0.97), 5-person limit for social gatherings (0.47; 0.35–0.64) and the stay at home rule (0.64; 0.51–0.82).ConclusionEarly in the pandemic a high degree of adherence was observed in this young academic population. Containment measures restricting movement and social contact yielded considerable differences by gender, information source and perceived susceptibility to the virus. More targeted communication may increase adherence regarding mobility restrictions. PubDate: Sun, 07 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab019 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Polhuis K; Vaandrager L, Soedamah-Muthu S, et al. Pages: 1694 - 1704 Abstract: Lay SummaryHealthy eating can be challenging for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The theory of salutogenesis, which focuses on the resources required to organize behavioural changes in everyday life, was used to develop an intervention for healthy eating. The aim was to describe the development, structure and content of this salutogenic intervention. The development consisted of two phases that were based on the operationalization of important key principles of salutogenesis. In Phase 1 (Exploration and synthesis), a systematic review and three qualitative studies were performed to explore important characteristics to enable healthy eating in everyday life. The results were used to develop the draft intervention. In Phase 2 (Validation and adjustment), interviews and workshops were conducted with T2DM patients, healthcare providers and scientists. Based on this, the draft intervention was modified into its final form. The developmental process resulted in a 12-week, group-based intervention that aimed to enable important resources for healthy eating via self-examination, reflection, setting goals and sharing experiences. Attention was also paid to disease information, disease acceptance, food literacy, stress management, self-identity and social support. The group sessions began following an individual intake session, with a booster session held 3 months after the intervention. The researcher’s translation of the stakeholders’ priorities into an intervention was corrected for and approved by the stakeholders concerned. This comprehensive salutogenic intervention was developed based on practical and scientific evidence. Providing transparency in developmental processes and content is important because it determines the scientific integrity and credibility of an intervention. PubDate: Mon, 01 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab020 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Nascimento P; Roberto M, Santos A. Pages: 1705 - 1715 Abstract: SummaryObjectivesThe Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCS-16) is a self-report measure used to assess social capital, as a social determinant of health. To guarantee validated measures of this construct, the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the PSCS-16 were studied. MethodsThe PSCS-16 comprises 16 items, organized in two scales: bonding and bridging social capital. A convenience sample of 280 participants was collected through an online survey. For construct validity, we used confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent and discriminant validity through the average variance extracted (AVE) and correlations. For reliability, we used: The Spearman–Brown split-half and the omega hierarchical coefficient. Correlations were made between the PSCS-16 and socio-demographic variables. ResultsA first-order model depicting two oblique factors was supported, suggesting the use of the two scales. Evidence of convergent validity was achieved: acceptable AVE and associations between social capital and emotional self-disclosure. For discriminant validity, the AVE values surpassed the squared correlation between bonding and bridging, and associations with sexual health were found to be absent. Reliability was good. Additional correlations: A positive association between the education level and bridging social capital and participants with an immigrant status having more bridging social capital. ConclusionsPreliminary findings support the Portuguese version of PSCS-16 as suitable to evaluate social capital. Contributions are highlighted: the need to study correlates of social capital, particularly crossing migrations, social capital and mental health; and confirming the structure found by measuring its invariance. PubDate: Sat, 27 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab022 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Johri M; Agarwal S, Khullar A, et al. Pages: 1716 - 1726 Abstract: SummaryIn India, strict public health measures to suppress COVID-19 transmission and reduce burden have been rapidly adopted. Pandemic containment and confinement measures impact societies and economies; their costs and benefits must be assessed holistically. This study provides an evolving portrait of the health, economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable populations in India. Our analysis focuses on 100 days early in the pandemic from 13 March to 20 June 2020. We developed a conceptual framework based on the human right to health and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We analysed people’s experiences recorded and shared via mobile phone on the voice platforms operated by the Gram Vaani COVID-19 response network, a service for rural and low-income populations now being deployed to support India’s COVID-19 response. Quantitative and visual methods were used to summarize key features of the data and explore relationships between factors. In its first 100 days, the platform logged over 1.15 million phone calls, of which 793 350 (69%) were outbound calls related largely to health promotion in the context of COVID-19. Analysis of 6636 audio recordings by network users revealed struggles to secure the basic necessities of survival, including food (48%), cash (17%), transportation (10%) and employment or livelihoods (8%). Themes were mapped to shortfalls in 10 SDGs and their associated targets. Pre-existing development deficits and weak social safety nets are driving vulnerability during the COVID-19 crisis. For an effective pandemic response and recovery, these must be addressed through inclusive policy design and institutional reforms. PubDate: Tue, 18 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab050 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Simonsen N; Wackström N, Roos E, et al. Pages: 1727 - 1738 Abstract: SummaryHealth literacy (HL)—as a broad range of health-related competencies—has been proposed to be a promising construct in understanding health disparities better, also among adolescents. Several factors have been found to explain differences in adolescents’ HL levels; however, not much is known about how different regions of a country or majority/minority status is associated with HL, or whether HL is associated with regional health disparities. The aim of this study was to examine and compare HL and health levels among majority- and minority-language-speaking adolescents living in different regions of Finland, and to explore if HL explains regional health disparities, taking into account other important structural stratifying factors. The study uses Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey data, collected among 13- and 15-year-old pupils in Finnish- and Swedish-speaking schools in Finland in 2014 (N = 3853/1123; 85/83%). Findings suggest that regional differences in HL levels and regional health disparities exist in both language groups. Health disparities were present in the Finnish-speaking sample among boys, the proportion rating their health as excellent ranging from 23 to 31% across regions, and in the Swedish-speaking sample among girls, the corresponding numbers ranging from 13 to 20%. In addition to other important structural stratifying factors, comprehensive HL explains these regional health disparities. This study adds to prior studies on the role of HL as a modifiable health resource by showing that regional health disparities among adolescents can partially be attributed to corresponding HL differences. PubDate: Sun, 21 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa122 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Meiers S; Dyce E, Wieland M, et al. Pages: 1739 - 1752 Abstract: SummaryLay health worker-led health promotion interventions are well received within racial and ethnic minority communities. Increasing numbers of trained lay health workers will be needed to meet global health goals. The purpose of this process evaluation was to gain insights about how lay health worker as interventionists used theory-based approaches within a nutrition and physical activity health behavior change intervention in a clinical trial enrolling immigrant and refugee families. Data were comprised of ongoing reflective writing statements from four health workers about their implementation of the intervention. Using content analysis three themes emerged: (i) encouraging setting of small, family focused and relevant goals, (ii) being flexible in content delivery and (iii) being personally transformed (i.e. gained a sense of meaning from their experience). Lay health worker interventionist reflections on practice revealed they delivered the intervention within the primacy of the family partnering relationship by attending to unique family needs, and adjusting educational content and goal setting accordingly. Our results provide guidance for training and process evaluation of lay health worker intervention delivery in ethnically and racially diverse populations. Incorporating real-time reflection upon what was learned about skills of facilitating family motivation and family confidence enhanced affective learning and may be useful in future research studies and health promotion practice. The processes identified including setting small goals, flexibility and personal transformation could be considered in future lay health worker-delivered health promotion interventions. PubDate: Tue, 23 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa143 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Fortune N; Madden R, Riley T, et al. Pages: 1753 - 1764 Abstract: AbstractThe current lack of a common basis for collecting data on population-level prevention and health promotion interventions causes public health to be relatively invisible within broader health systems, making it vulnerable to funding cuts when there is pressure to reduce spending. Further, the inconsistent use of terms for describing interventions hinders knowledge translation and building an evidence base for public health practice and policy. The International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI), being developed by the World Health Organization, is a standard statistical classification for interventions across the full scope of health systems. ICHI has potential to meet the need for a common language and structure for describing and capturing information about prevention and health promotion interventions.We report on a developmental appraisal conducted to examine the strengths and limitations of ICHI for coding interventions delivered for public health purposes. Our findings highlight classification challenges in relation to: consistently identifying separate components within multi-component interventions; operationalizing the ICHI concept of intervention target when there are intermediary targets as well as an ultimate target; coding an intervention component that involves more than one ICHI target or action; and standardising what is being counted. We propose that, alongside its purpose as a statistical classification, ICHI can play a valuable role as an ‘epistemic hub’, to be used flexibly by public health actors to meet a range of information needs, and as a basis for improved communication and exchange. PubDate: Mon, 15 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab011 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Goodman M; Elliott A, Gitari S, et al. Pages: 1765 - 1774 Abstract: SummaryOver the past four decades, group-based microfinance programs have spread rapidly throughout south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Recent evaluations of the programs have identified social capital as a common byproduct of frequent association by members, increasing trust, belonging and normative influence. Concurrently, social capital is increasingly recognized as an important health determinant. We present an overview of a program intervention operating in Kenya that utilizes a microfinance approach to produce social capital, and seeks to leverage that social capital to promote health at three levels—the village, group, and individual. A theory of change is presented for each of these three levels, demonstrating conceptually and with program examples how social capital can be applied to promote health. Related social theories and approaches, further research and program directions are given for each of the three levels. We identify potential to improve a broad range of health outcomes through this innovative model, which requires engagement with health promotion researchers and planners in low- and middle-income countries for further refinement and validation. PubDate: Fri, 19 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab018 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Folker A; Lauridsen S, Andersen M, et al. Pages: 1775 - 1782 Abstract: SummaryAlthough highly relevant, philosophical theory and philosophical competences are rarely integrated in empirical public health research. We suggest a variant of applied philosophy that is valuable for the development and improvement of public health research. We call it practice-guided public health philosophy because: (i) research questions derive from public health challenges, i.e. real-life concerns that relate to the prevention of disease or the promotion of health and well-being, (ii) the ultimate test of success lies within an empirical framework aiming to improve public health practices and (iii) philosophers collaborate very closely with different kinds of empirical researchers in the different stages of the research process. Using examples from current public health projects at the National Institute of Public Health at the University of Southern Denmark, we outline three paradigmatic cases of practice-guided public health philosophy: (i) by using philosophy as an idea generator of empirical research, (ii) by using philosophy as a frame of reference for interpreting ethnographic data and (iii) by using philosophy as an explanatory resource for discussing survey and register data. PubDate: Fri, 11 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab082 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Alexander S; Shareck M. Pages: 1783 - 1794 Abstract: SummaryDuring the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, global measures preventing the spread of the new coronavirus required most of the population to lockdown at home. This sudden halt to collective life meant that non-essential services were closed and many health promoting activities (i.e. physical activity, school) were stopped in their tracks. To curb the negative health impacts of lockdown measures, activities adapting to this new reality were urgently developed. One form of activity promoted indoor physical activity to prevent the adverse physical and psychological effects of the lockdown. Another form of activity included the rapid development of online learning tools to keep children and youth engaged academically while not attending school. While these health promoting efforts were meant to benefit the general population, we argue that these interventions may have unintended consequences and inadvertently increase health inequalities affecting marginalized youth in particular, as they may not reap the same benefits, both social and physical, from the interventions promoting at-home physical activities or distance learning measures. We elaborate on several interventions and their possible unintended consequences for marginalized youth and suggest several strategies that may mitigate their impact. PubDate: Fri, 19 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab015 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Tonumaipe’a D; Cammock R, Conn C. Pages: 1795 - 1805 Abstract: AbstractThe current paper provides a critical review of food environments’ literature, with a focus on the metaphoric typology that has been developed over recent decades. This has tended to focus understandably on harmful food environments using well-known metaphors: that of food deserts, food swamps and food mirages. The purpose of the review was to consider the current typology in relation to what constitutes healthy food environments, and the implications for population groups in low socioeconomic environments who are often disadvantaged by current food systems and unhealthy food environments. The paper posits a new term, alongside the notion of the food oasis, that of food havens. Oasis indicates a small place of plenty in a setting of scarcity. Haven extends the boundaries of plenty in society by positing places and settings of refuge and safety, even sanctuary from which health and well-being can be attained and supported. We argue for focusing on creating such sustainable food environments so as to proliferate and promote examples of what needs to be done urgently in the fight to transform global food environments for the health of people particularly those that are vulnerable and the planet. Elements of the food haven as proposed in this paper have been drawn from indigenous perspectives—these include Māori and Pacific worldviews. Future research should consider what food environments might look like in different contexts and how we might move away from food swamps and deserts to food oases and havens; and utilize these positive motifs to go further in creating whole sustainable food environments encompassing all of society. PubDate: Mon, 01 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab021 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Elsborg P; Ryom K, Melby P, et al. Pages: 1806 - 1810 Abstract: We have read the recent debate paper in Health Promotion International ‘Which literacy for health promotion: health, food, nutrition or media'’ (Truman et al., 2020) with great interest. Health promotion and health literacies such as health, food and media are highly relevant to today’s societal and political health challenges. In this response, we strongly recommend adding another literacy to this picture, namely physical literacy (PL), to align with the integrative, holistic and multifaceted approach to health promotion and health literacy previously suggested and discussed in this journal (Gugglberger, 2019; de Leeuw, 2012). PubDate: Mon, 19 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa158 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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Authors:Nutbeam D; Muscat D. Pages: 1811 - 1811 Abstract: Health Promotion International (2021) doi:10.1093/heapro/daaa157. PubDate: Wed, 12 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab067 Issue No:Vol. 36, No. 6 (2021)
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