Authors:Udi Onoriode Andrew, Okoro Ogheneyebrorue Godswill, Lucky Omamuzo Ogagayere, Ahama Endurance Efe, Enaohwo Taniyowho Mamerhi, Igben Vincent-Junior Onoriode, Chris-Ozokor LiLian Ebeye, Ogba Grace Oreva Pages: 1 - 7 Abstract: Objective: Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials demonstrate that type 2 diabetes can be substantially avoided by making dietary and lifestyle changes rather than relying heavily on medications. This study evaluates the ameliorating effect(s) of Telfairia occidentalis seed administration on the histology of the Hypothalamus and testosterone level in normal and Alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats, weighing between 120-180 g, were divided into five groups of 4 rats each. Groups 1 and 2 representing Normal Control (NC) and Diabetic Control (DC) received only feed and water. Group 3 normal rats received 300 mg/kg Telfairia occidentalis seed extract; groups 4 and 5 received 50 mg/kg of Metformin and 300 mg/kg of Telfairia occidentalis seed extract respectively. Results: The result revealed that the administration of Telfairia occidentalis seed extract moderately increased the body weight (16.76±1.75%) significantly at (P<0.05) when compared to normal control (14.06±2.93%) and diabetes significant decrease (-27.68±1.92%) body weight when compared to metformin-treated (-6.11±1.85%) and extract (-5.33±2.18%). The levels of FBG with the extract (60.70±4.88%) and metformin (61.24±6.19%) significantly decreased at (p<0.05) when compared to diabetic control (-64.78±12.51%).The FSH and LH level significantly increased at (p<0.05). Histological changes were also seen in animals of the treated groups. Conclusion: It is evident that Telfairia occidentalis seed extract contains anti-hyperglycemic agents capable of lowering blood glucose levels. PubDate: 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2022/v20i12763
Authors:Sidi Mohamed. Sidi Mahmoud ML, S. Ait Ahmed, S. M. L. Dadah, F. Benbrahim, S. Benchakroun, C. Mahraoui, N. El Hafidi Pages: 8 - 12 Abstract: We report a case of a child who developed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after a trauma at home. This is a 25-month-old child, born of a non-consanguineous marriage with no perinatal history or any recent viral infections, with good psychomotor and intellectual development. Diagnosis of encephalopathy can be difficult in children, with nonspecific, subtle, and transient symptoms, such as drowsiness or irritability that can be easily overlooked, especially in the emergency department. The best available diagnostic tool is based on clinical and radiological findings. MRI could be useful for a precise and early diagnosis necessary to solve some unanswered questions. PubDate: 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2022/v20i12764
Authors:Justina Omoikhefe Alegbeleye, Ibidabo David Alabere Pages: 13 - 24 Abstract: Background: Maternal Near Miss refers to a woman who nearly died but survived a complication during pregnancy, delivery, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. It serves as a tool that allows clinicians and health facilities to assess and improve the quality of maternal health care. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the factors associated with maternal near-miss morbidity at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Materials and Methods: A retrospective institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. A stratified sampling method was used to select the folders of 610 women who were managed during pregnancy, labour or postpartum period, abortion and ectopic pregnancy between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020. Data collection tool was used to obtain socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics from folders and SPSS 25 used for analysis. Mean and standard deviation was used to summarize descriptive data, while the test for association was done using chi-square test and logistic regression. The results are presented in tables. Results: The majority 214 (35.1%) of the women were aged 30 - 34 years, with a mean age of 31.57 ± 5.0 years. Most 541, (88.7%) of the women were married, more than half 335 (54.9%) had tertiary education, while 273 (44.8%) were engaged in partly skilled jobs. About one-fifth 138 (22.6%) of the women were booked. Single marital status (aOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 0.99-6.13; p=0.043), unbooked status (aOR=4.74, 95% CI: 1.93-11.68, p=0.001) gravidity (aOR=3.34, 95% CI: 1.63-6.85, p=0.001) and parity (aOR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.70, p=0.005) were observed to be significant determinants of MNM. Conclusion: There is a huge burden of maternal near-miss conditions at UPTH. Early detection and treatment of these potential causes may provide a window of opportunity to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. PubDate: 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2022/v20i12765
Authors:Armel Obiandong Eyivono, Thiéry Ndong Mba Pages: 25 - 34 Abstract: Background: Designed to fight HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) may be responsible for certain cardiometabolic abnormalities in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). To this end, the present study evaluates the prevalence and impact of obesity/overweight on the development of cardiovascular risk factors in patients at the outpatient treatment center (CTA) of Makokou, in the Ogooué-Ivindo region, North-eastern Gabon. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, based on a retrospective analysis of the records of patients followed at the HIV/AIDS outpatient treatment center of Makokou from December 2015 to December 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data such as age, gender, socio-economic level, daily habits such as alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, and physical exercise. Other epidemiological parameters such as body mass index (BMI), and CD4 count were measured. Results: A total of 165 people living with HIV (PLHIV), the majority of whom were between 41 and 60 years of age (60.60%). treated with antiretrovirals from December 2016 to December 2021 were collected for this study. With a sex ratio (F/M) of 3.58, women (78.2%) were in the majority compared to men. The mean age was 51 ± 13 years. While 95.8% of the patients were from the different departments of the province of Ogooué-Ivindo, the remaining patients (4.8%) were from other provinces such as Estuaire, Haut-Ogooué or Ogooué-Lolo. Civil servants represented 21%. The self-employed represented 29%, and the unemployed represented 50%. Only 34% of the participants in the study, the majority of whom were women, engaged in regular physical activity. 5.4% of the patients, mostly men, were active smokers. 34%, especially women, consumed alcohol. 20% of the PLWHIV had a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension (HTA), and the majority were female. 5.4% of the declared hypertensives were on treatment. 7.8% of the hypertensive patients were discovered in consultation. The remainder were normotensive (86.8%). A significant difference in hypertension was observed in patients aged between 41 and 60 years ( p= 0.0029*). The data revealed a positive correlation index (r=0.19) between BMI and hypertension. All the therapeutic combinations with which the patients were treated contained NRTIs, of which the most used were tenofovir disoproxil (TDF) 66.67% and lamivudine (3TC) 33.33% and finally the most used NRTI was Efavirenz (EFV) 76.36%. After 5 years of treatment, 89 PLWHIV ( 53.93%), had CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/mm3. 53 PLWHIV (32%) had CD4 count ranging from 200 - 499 mm3 and thus moderate immune deficiency and with CD4 count < 200 cell /mm3, 23 PLWHIV (14%) had severe immune deficiency. HIV-infected patients under 40 years of age had a mean CD4 count of 412 cell/mm3, which was lower than that of patients 40 years of age and older, which was 556 cell/mm3. It was noted that after 5 years, treatment with ARVs was significantly associated with an increase in BMI among PLHIV, (P=0.0210). It was indicated that the increase or decrease of CD4 count in PLWHIV, depended on BMI, after 5 years of ARV treatment. Conclusion: This study confirms the existence of an increase in overweight and obesity in people living with HIV/AIDS under antiretroviral treatment. It also shows that obesity had an impact on the development of certain cardiovascular risk factors in these people, which require careful vigilance of the health personnel on their weight gain, due to lipidic parameters such as cholesterol, HDL, Triglycerides. PubDate: 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2022/v20i12766
Authors:Manjiri Naik, Rajiv Naik, Awani Paithankar, Siddhiraj Paramshetti, Shubham Patel Pages: 35 - 42 Abstract: Introduction: Novel beta coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused widespread transmission of coronavirus illness (COVID-19) in India from March 2020. In comparison to younger adults, older people and those with numerous co-morbidities are known to be more severely affected by seasonal flu and to have a higher mortality rate. The mortality rate increases significantly in the age groups over 60 years old with SARS-CoV-2 infection. With this objective present study was undertaken to study clinical profile and outcome in elderly COVID 19 patients Materials and Methods: Data of 100 elderly patients aged 60 years and older with COVID-19 were obtained from hospital record section. It consisted of clinical characteristics, respiratory manifestations, laboratory parameters and radiological findings. COVID-19 confirmation was based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 100 patients were divided into two groups based on outcome as Group A (Survivors) and Group B (Non-Survivors). They included 66 males and 34 females. Observation and Results: Respiratory rate more than 30 was mainly present in group B patients (19%) compared to group A. In majority patients i.e. 79 (79%) SpO2 was between 80 to 95 range and majority i.e. 35 (35%) given Oxygen via nasal prongs. Haemoglobin <12 and Leucocytes ≤ 11000 was found in maximum patients. CRP, D dimer and random blood sugar showed statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0.0001). Ground glass opacities was main pattern found in 46 (46%), Bilateral Consolidation found in 41 (41%) and Unilateral Consolidation in 13 (13%). Results showed no statistically significant difference amongst two groups (P=0.725) Discussion: A progressive and relatively linear increase in nasal cavity volume with increasing age along with an age-dependent decrease of nasal resistance are possible determinants for a higher prevalence of COVID in the elderly population Conclusion: An individualized approach should be offered to older adults targeting the beneficial and negative effects of therapeutic approach PubDate: 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2022/v20i12767
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