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Similar Journals
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Sleep and Vigilance : An International Journal of Basic, Translational and Clinical Research
Number of Followers: 1  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Online) 2510-2265 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Assessing Insomnia Medicated Patients with Self-Report Measures: Practical
Implications-
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PubDate: 2024-07-16
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- Lemborexant as a Potential Risk Factor for Sleep-Related Bruxism in a
Patient with Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Report-
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Abstract: Abstract This article describes a case involving a 21-year-old woman with complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) who developed sleep-related bruxism (SB) following the use of the dual orexin receptor antagonist, lemborexant, for insomnia. Lemborexant was initially prescribed at 5 mg/day, and the patient experienced enuresis and SB after discharge-related anxiety. Reducing the dosage to 2.5 mg/day led to a rapid improvement in SB without recurrence over a 8-week follow-up period. This case highlights the potential risk of SB associated with lemborexant use, especially in patients with C-PTSD. Further, it demonstrates the importance of considering adverse events when selecting medication strategies for PTSD.
PubDate: 2024-07-09
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- Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Relationship Between Mild Neurocognitive
Impairments and Quality of Life-
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Abstract: Abstract Patients with obstructive sleep apnea might have neurocognitive impairments and reduced quality of life. Considering the same, this study was conducted to identify the association between mild cognitive impairments and quality of life. This study aims to identify the association between mild neurocognitive impairment and quality of life in patients with mild, moderate, and severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. It was an observational study with a sample size of 75 subjects which were selected purposively from Kure Medical System. Montreal cognitive assessment and SF-36 were administered to examine the presence of mild cognitive impairments and quality of life of the subjects in all three groups. Pearson analysis was applied to explore the correlation between the MoCA score and SF-36. The findings of this analysis were suggestive of a positive but non-significant correlation between the MoCA Score and all the domains of SF-36 except mental health (p > 0.05). Mental Health was found to be negatively correlated with MoCA Score (r = − 0.0025). As per the findings of this study, the SF-36 scores were related to the MoCA Score, but the relationship was not found to be significant.
PubDate: 2024-07-06
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- Treatment-Emergent Central Sleep Apnea (TECSA) with Chronic Use of
Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD): A Case Series-
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Abstract: Purpose Existing studies on TECSA with MAD usage suggests that TECSA occurs only during the initial MAD treatment and resolves with no long-term concerns. Here we discuss five cases of TECSA arising in patients on chronic MAD therapy and indications this may present for follow-up MAD management. Methods Search of the University of Vermont (UVM) sleep study database (2013–2023) identified five cases of split night polysomnogram (SN-PSG) where patients decided to use only their MAD during the therapeutic portion of the study that followed baseline PSG recording. Respiratory events were scored according to AASM 2012 guidelines. Obstructive apnea (OA), obstructive hypopnea (OH), mixed apnea (MA), and central apnea (CA) were analyzed before and after MAD application. Indices were calculated as number of episodes/hour. Results Mean age of patients was 69 ± 6.0 years (2 females, 3 males). All patients had ≥ 82 days of MAD usage (Range: 82 days-20 years). MAD use predictably showed a decrease in obstructive hypopnea index (OHI) in 80% of patients (Mean OHIbaseline: 12.2 ± 9.2; Mean OHIMAD: 7.2 ± 4.3). Interestingly, all patients experienced an increase in central apnea index (CAI) (Mean CAIbaseline: 0.7 ± 1.3; Mean CAIMAD: 5.8 ± 6.7). Conclusion These data suggest that TECSA can occur with use of a MAD after chronic adherence to the device. This may suggest a persistent central breathing sensitivity related to changes in respiratory triggers in certain patients. Careful monitoring of patients with MAD is, therefore, warranted and may require repeated PSG testing in patients on MAD therapy.
PubDate: 2024-06-14
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00272-9
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- The Effects of Pre-bedtime Blue-Light Exposure on Subjective Sleep
Quality, Attention, and Work Efficiency in Men Students: A Pilot Study-
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Abstract: Background Although exposure to blue light in the evening has been shown to affect sleep, its effects on alertness and work efficiency the next day are not fully understood. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-bedtime blue-light exposure on subjective sleep quality, attention, and work efficiency. Methods Thirteen young men (aged 20–23 years) without sleep disorders participated in two sessions, in which they were exposed to either incandescent light or blue light 1 h before bedtime. On the next morning, participants underwent assessments of subjective sleep quality, attention, and work efficiency. Objective parameters during sleep were measured using a mat-type sleep meter (sleep scan, SL- 504; TANITA Corp., Japan). Results Blue-light exposure significantly decreased the ratio of time spent in deep sleep (p < 0.05), reaction times (i.e., attention) during the second half of the 10-min session (p < 0.01), and work efficiency (p < 0.05). Conclusion The present study suggests that blue-light exposure before bedtime leads to a decrease in the ratio of deep sleep and negative effects on sustained attention and work efficiency.
PubDate: 2024-06-14
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00276-5
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- Novel Wearable Devices for Screening Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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PubDate: 2024-06-13
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00275-6
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- Obstructive Sleep Apnea in an Infant with Suspected Congenital Leptin
Hormone Receptor Deficiency-
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Abstract: Abstract An 8-month-old female child, born of a consanguineous marriage, presented to the Paediatrics department, with complaints of excessive weight gain, frequent night-time arousals and decreased sleep. Her elder female sibling died at 18 months of age due to respiratory failure caused by obesity secondary to congenital leptin hormone deficiency. She was referred to the Pulmonary medicine department for level I polysomnography (PSG), which was suggestive of Severe OSA. The mask for the titration study was customised by manually creating exhalation ports in a conventional infant nasal mask. The recommended CPAP pressure was 4.5 cm of H2O in the lateral position. Obesity is an important cause of OSA in infants and mutation in the Leptin receptor gene (LEPR) is a cause of early-onset obesity. The evaluation of a suspected case should be thorough with a detailed clinical history and physical examination. Patients should be evaluated with a level I PSG.
PubDate: 2024-06-07
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00274-7
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- A Comparison of a Wrist-Worn Portable Device (WatchPAT 200)™ with In-Lab
Polysomnography for the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-
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Abstract: Objectives To assess the sensitivity of WatchPAT 200 for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe OSA and diagnosis of OSA (any severity) using in-lab full-night polysomnography (PSG) as the gold standard in Indian subjects. The concordance rate between the two devices for the severity category of OSA was also assessed. Methods This was a retrospective study involving patients who underwent simultaneous sleep study using WatchPAT 200 and in-lab polysomnography for the diagnosis of OSA during the study period. A baseline evaluation using the Epworth sleepiness scale, STOP-BANG questionnaire, and co-morbidities assessment was done for all patients. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the correlation and agreement. Results Among 70 subjects, 91.4% were diagnosed as OSA with PSG. The sensitivity of WatchPAT 200 for the diagnosis of moderate-severe OSA was 98.15% while for OSA (any severity) was 100%. The overall concordance or accuracy rate—i.e., the same diagnoses by both diagnostic modalities—was 75.71%. The median (IQR) of pAHI and nadir SpO2 were 42 (18.95–64.35) events/h and 78 (68.75–85.25), respectively. A high correlation (r = 0.87, p < 0.001) and good agreement were found between pAHI and AHI. The mean pAHI-AHI was 7.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.55–11.01) with watchPAT overestimating AHI in most cases. Conclusions WatchPAT 200 has a good sensitivity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of OSA; however, it tends to overestimate AHI and leads to diagnostic severity misclassification in one-fourth of subjects.
PubDate: 2024-06-05
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00273-8
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- Saudi Clinical Psychologists’ Competence in Sleep Disorders Management:
A Comprehensive Perspective-
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Abstract: Abstract Sleep disorders comprise a range of medical conditions that interfere with regular sleep patterns. Despite the fact that clinical psychologists have the capacity to play a critical role in the assessment and treatment of sleep-related disorders, generally this population of professionals tend to have limited training in such conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness, knowledge, and practice of sleep disorders among Saudi psychologists. A total of 92 Saudi psychologists participated in a cross-sectional online survey that consisted of 3 parts: (a) a section to obtain demographic data on the respondents, (b) items to assess respondents’ knowledge of sleep disorders, and (c) items to evaluate respondents’ perceptions of their own ability to treat various sleep disorders. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (Version 26). Males represented 52.17% of the participants and females represented 47.83%. The majority of participants (76.09%) reported they scan for sleep disorders during the initial diagnostic stage. One-third of participants reported that they skip formulating a treatment plan for sleep disturbances, and 30.43% of participants indicated they have no idea how to diagnose insomnia using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). Regarding the ability to diagnose and deal with sleep disorders, 44% of participants reported they perceive themselves as being some level of prepared. The responses of the majority of the psychologists indicated they perceive themselves as unprepared to deal with circadian rhythm disorders, narcolepsy, and parasomnia. Less-experienced psychologists showed greater knowledge of sleep disorders compared to more-experienced psychologists. The overall finding is that there is a lack of knowledge regarding sleep disturbances among Saudi psychologists. Future study is needed to provide psychologists with comprehensive training in evidence-based management guidelines for sleep disorders. The findings of this study emphasize the necessity for heightened pre- and in-service educational programs geared toward enhancing the proficiency of Saudi clinical psychologists in the application of evidence-based therapeutic approaches for sleep disorders.
PubDate: 2024-06-05
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00271-w
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- Sleep Quality of Heavy Vehicles’ Professional Drivers: An Analysis Based
on Self-Perceived Feedback-
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Abstract: Introduction Sleep is a crucial biological need for all individuals, being reparative on a physical and mental level. Driving heavy vehicles is a task that requires constant attention and vigilance, and sleep deprivation leads to behavioral and physiological changes that can develop sleep disorders which can put lives at risk. Objectives The main objectives of this study are to describe and evaluate sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, circadian preference, and risk of suffering from obstructive sleep apnea in a population of Portuguese professional drivers. Methods To fulfill the objectives, 43 Portuguese professional drivers, between 23 and 63 years old, answered validated questionnaires: Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Morningness–Eveningness, Stop-Bang Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results Results indicated that older drivers tend to experience higher daytime sleepiness (11 ± 3.4; p = 0.002) and obstructive sleep apnea risk (4.5 ± 1.5; p = 0.03). Regarding sleep quality, the majority of drivers were classified with poor sleep quality (74.4%). It was possible to infer statistical differences between groups based on body mass index (p = 0.037), the type of route (p = 0.01), and physical activity (p = 0.005). Conclusion Drivers have an indifferent circadian preference and small-course drivers have a worse sleep health perception. Therefore, it is essential to implement prevention programs, promoting the basic rules for better sleep quality as well as identifying sleep disorders to minimize possible road accidents.
PubDate: 2024-06-04
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00270-x
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- Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Sleep and Cognition in College
Students-
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Abstract: Purpose Sleep-related cognitive dysfunctions are very common in the college students which affects their overall academic performance. Particularly, poor sleep quality has been shown as a critical parameter to influence their cognition. The quality of sleep depends on the amount of slow waves. Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) emerged as a simple non-invasive tool to increase slow waves during sleep. We aimed to study the effects of RAS on the sleep quality and cognitive functions in the college students. Methods The participants were screened for their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RAS was given daily for 30 min at onset of sleep for 4 weeks. Outcome measures were taken at the baseline and after the intervention. Cambridge Brain Sciences (CBS) cognitive test battery was used to evaluate the cognitive functions. Recording of P300 event-related potential (ERP) was done to study the electrophysiological correlates of cognitive functions. Results Around 60% of the college students participated in the study were found to have poor sleep quality with the moderate insomnia. Their sleep quality improved significantly with the RAS as an intervention. An associated increase in the cognitive scores was observed after the intervention as compared to baseline. RAS also restored P300 parameters back to the normal values. Moreover, a significant and marked correlation was observed between the cognitive scores and P300 parameters. Conclusion The study indicates that 4 weeks of RAS intervention given daily for 30 min at onset of sleep ameliorated sleep-related cognitive deficits in the college students.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-023-00254-3
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- Polysomnographic and Clinical Features of Positional and Non-positional
Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Turkish Adult Population: Experience from a Single
Institution-
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Abstract: Purpose The purpose of the study is to determine prevalence of positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) and non-POSA among obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) cases. Additionally, it aims to compare the sociodemographic and polysomnographic characteristics in the city of Canakkale, located in the northwest of Turkey. Method We included 263 patients diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography (PSG) between January 2021 and November 2022. OSAS was defined as AHI ≥ 5. The severity of OSAS was assessed as normal (AHI < 5); mild (AHI 5–15); moderate (AHI 16–30); and severe (AHI > 30). Sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, weight, and height, along with and polysomnographic features were evaluated and compared between two groups. Results Our final sample was 227 after applying exclusion criteria. The rate of POSA was 48 and 52% of patients had non-POSA. The body mass index (BMI) of the POSA group were significantly lower. Male gender was dominant in both groups. In POSA cases, 25.7% had mild, 38.5% moderate, and 35.8% severe OSA levels. In non-POSA cases, the same ratios were 8.5, 22.9, and 68.6% retrospectively. Positional stage was a risk factor for the severity of AHI score in our study (B = 14.49, p < 0.001, 95% CI 9.66–19.33) according to our analysis. Conclusion We found significant characteristic sociodemographic and polysomnographic features which differentiate these two conditions. Male gender and high BMI constituted considerable risk of severe OSA. Although gender presents an unchangeable risk factor, it has been shown that the most important risk factor for non-POSA is body weight which is a modifiable risk factor.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-023-00250-7
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- Objective and Subjective Sleep Characteristics Among Patients Diagnosed
with Post-traumatic Stress Disorders: A Systematic Review and
Meta-analysis-
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Abstract: Purpose People with post-traumatic stress disorders are more likely to have trouble sleeping than the general population. In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of traumatic events on sleep in patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorders patients and identify the sleep characteristics in these patients using both objectives including polysomnography and actigraph, and subjective measurements including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and sleep diaries. Methods PubMed, Academia, USW Library, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies according to the inclusion criteria. We included all case–control studies that compare participants with current trauma and stress-related disorders to healthy control. The primary sleep parameters of interest were as follows: total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency. Data were meta-analyzed as mean differences (MDs) using RevMan 5.4. Results Twenty-three studies were finally included (3669 participants). There was evidence of a statistically significant difference between trauma and stress-related disorders to healthy control in both objective and subjective sleep parameters, with a significant reduction in the patient group other than healthy control in TST (MD = − 17.55 min, 95% CI [ − 31.03, -4.06], P = 0.01); WASO (MD = 14.44, 95% CI: [7.20, 2169], P < 0.0001); SOL (MD = 1.25 min, 95% CI [− 4.48, 6.99], P = 0.67). Conclusion Significant differences were found in sleep characteristics between patients diagnosed with trauma and stress disorders and healthy control. A remarkable decrease in three of sleep characteristics including TST, SOL, and WASO either subjective or objective in patients group compared to healthy control.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-023-00253-4
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- Reverse Sleep State Misperception: a Rare Clinical Presentation in Sleep
Clinics-
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Abstract: Abstract The difference between subjective and objective duration of sleep is known as sleep state misperception. Many patients with sleep disorders perceive periods of objective sleep as waking subjectively. However, people rarely perceive objective wakefulness periods as sleep, known as reverse sleep-state misperception or wake-state misperception. A middle-aged male patient presented with primary complaints of snoring since 10–15 years. His subjective sleep duration was 6–7 h; however, polysomnography (PSG) found a sleep duration of 3–4 h only. This finding was consistent over two separate PSG nights. His Apnea–Hypopnea Index was either around or within normal limits in both PSG nights. His sleep diary schedule and subjective account of PSG nights were also comparable, thus mitigating any significant difference between home and laboratory differences. This phenomenon may be explained by exaggerated mesograde amnesia during the sleep period as well as ‘alpha sleep’. However, further research is required to elucidate the prevalence of the same, its pathophysiology and clinical importance.
PubDate: 2024-04-18
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00267-6
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- Covid19 Vaccination as a Trigger for Hypersomnia
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Abstract: Abstract Hypersomnia is characterized by an unusual increase in sleepiness, which can significantly impair functioning and negatively affect performance. Short-term sleepiness has been reported as an adverse event following immunization with COVID-19 vaccination, but persistent hypersomnia is rare. Here we report two cases of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, one on positive airway pressure treatment and other treatment naïve, who developed hypersomnia following COVID vaccination with COVISHIELD. The findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccines can trigger sleepiness and reinforces the need to take a history of recent COVID-19 vaccination in patients with unexplained Excessive daytime sleepiness.
PubDate: 2024-04-13
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00268-5
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- The Role of Self-compassion as a Mediator Between Insomnia, Depression,
and Anxiety-
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Abstract: Purpose Insomnia, depression, and anxiety are associated constructs with direct impact on health and quality of life. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely understudied. One of the possible intermediary variables underlying these associations might be self-compassion. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to specifically examine if self-compassion mediates the relationship between insomnia and depression (and vice versa) and insomnia and anxiety (and vice versa). Methods Data from 494 individuals were collected. The participants were recruited from the general population and filled out an online survey containing a set of self-reported measures of insomnia severity, depression, and anxiety. Results The findings indicated that insomnia effect on depression operates through self-compassion (b = 0.08; 95% CI [0.01, 0.12]), whereas the effect of depression on insomnia through self-compassion was not supported. Regarding anxiety, it was observed that self-compassion has a mediating effect on the relationship between insomnia and anxiety (b = 0.06; 95% CI [0.03, 0.09]). Cross-sectional design of the study does not allow to infer causal relationships. Mediator variable did not support the indirect effect of anxiety on insomnia. Conclusion Self-compassion seems to be an important factor to be taken into account in preventive and intervention programs for insomnia.
PubDate: 2024-03-19
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00265-8
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- Does Regular Physical Activity Protect Sleep and Mental Health of
University Students: A Systematic Review-
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Abstract: Purpose The transition from adolescence to young adulthood places increased social and academic demands on university students; hence, we aimed to review the role of regular physical activity in moderating subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. Methods Observational studies conducted before December of 2022 having healthy university students as population were included. Studies assessing the effect of subjective or objective measure of physical activity on sleep and mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress) were included. After critical analysis of the included studies a meta-analysis was attempted with subgroups made wherever possible. We further corroborated our results by estimating the heterogeneity present with and between each of the available sub-groups. Results Eight studies were included in the review, with an overall sample of 93,819 and mean age of 19.9 ± 0.882. Physical activity weakly reduced the risk of poor sleep quality, anxiety, and depression by 0.75 times (95% CI 0.59, 0.91), 0.91 times (95% CI 0.83, 0.99), and 0.99 times (95% CI 0.89, 1,09) respectively with marked heterogeneity. Conclusion Qualitative analysis revealed PA was majorly not a protective factor for sleep duration and strongly protective for sleep quality. While performing regular physical activity did reduce the risk of being stressed and depressed but qualitatively the findings for anxiety were ambiguous to comment; however, due to high heterogeneity, meta-analysis could not be presented in our review.
PubDate: 2024-02-23
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00263-w
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- Prevalence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
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Abstract: Purpose Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common condition that affects daily life. This study aims to estimate its prevalence and identify its associated factors among the adult population attending public health centers in Marrakech City. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 757 subjects, based on the Epworth scale to assess excessive daytime sleepiness and on a questionnaire to identify its associated factors. Results The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness in our sample was 37.5%. The factors independently associated with excessive daytime sleepiness were: High-blood pressure (adjusted odds ratio: 3.88; p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio: 2.86; p = 0.006), history of COVID-19 infection (adjusted odds ratio: 2.13; p < 0.001) and osteoarthritis (adjusted odds ratio: 2.12; p = 0.008). Conclusion This study highlights the extent of excessive daytime sleepiness in Morocco, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies.
PubDate: 2024-02-22
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-024-00264-9
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- Effect of Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Fibromyalgia Symptoms in
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome-
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Abstract: Purpose Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by fatigue, sleep disturbances, and idiopathic pain symptoms. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is defined by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction and decreases in arterial oxygen saturation during sleep. In this study, we investigated the effect of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on FMS symptoms in patients with the coexistence of OSAS and FMS. Methods There were a total of 370 participants with a polysomnographic (PSG) diagnosis of OSAS, who were prescribed PAP device. All off the partipicants were questioned according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2010 diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia at the physical therapy and rehabilitation clinic. The study was conducted with 85 of these individuals who had a concomitant diagnosis of FMS with same scoring system. Before and at the sixth month of treatment, telemedicine and in-person assessments were performed in patients with OSAS and FMS. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) scores (0–100 points) and weekly PAP device usage hours were determined. Results A total of 85 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of FMS was 22.9% in severe-moderate OSAS. No significant correlation identified, between the FIQR score before PAP therapy and apnea–hypopnea index (AHİ), mean oxygen saturation, minimum oxygen saturation, duration of oxygen saturation below 90 percent (desaturation time) and sleep efficiency. There was a moderate negative correlation between the FIQR score after 6 months of PAP treatment and weekly PAP usage hours. Conclusion Patients with FMS should be evaluated for OSAS since these two conditions may coexist. PAP therapy is not a recommended treatment modality for isolated FMS, it is gold standard established treatment for OSAS. An additional benefit of PAP usage in OSAS patients who have concomitant FMS is a decreased severity of fibromyalgia symptoms.
PubDate: 2024-01-30
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-023-00262-3
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- Validation and Regression-Based Normative Study of the Idiopathic
Hypersomnia Severity Scale for Assessing Hypersomnolence Symptoms in
Community-Dwelling Adults-
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Abstract: Purpose The Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) has been developed to assess hypersomnolence symptoms and their functional consequences associated with idiopathic hypersomnia. Hypersomnolence symptoms covered by the IHSS are common in the general population, and are linked to female gender, younger age, and lower education. We evaluated the psychometric properties and the structural invariance of the IHSS in a population-based sample of adults. We also provided norms adjusted to demographics. Methods A total of 612 adults underwent a face-to-face clinical interview and completed several questionnaires, including the IHSS. Exploratory factor and confirmatory analyses were conducted. Reliability, convergent, and divergent validities were tested. Regression-based norms were produced. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a three-factor structure with adequate internal consistency (ω = 0.85). Good convergent and divergent validities were documented. Younger age (p < 0.001) and female gender (p = .02) were associated with higher level of hypersomnolence symptoms. No significant effect was found for education (p = 0.70). Regression equations to calculate Z-score are presented. Almost a quarter of the participants scored at or above the threshold for idiopathic hypersomnia screening (i.e., ≥ 22). Conclusion The IHSS has good psychometric properties and a structural invariance from the community-dwelling adults, with a three-factor solution in accordance with the clinical expression of hypersomnolence symptoms. We also provide normative data taking into account demographics. In our sample, the currently recommended threshold score seems to overestimate the risk of positive screening for idiopathic hypersomnia in the general population, in particular for younger women.
PubDate: 2024-01-19
DOI: 10.1007/s41782-023-00258-z
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