JournalTOCs

Sleep and Vigilance : An International Journal of Basic, Translational and Clinical Research
Number of Followers: 1

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Online) 2510-2265
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2468 journals]

Association Between Internet Use, Sleep, Cognition and Physical Activity
Levels During COVID-19 Lockdown
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  Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare internet usage, sleep, cognition and physical activity in college professors and collegiate students during COVID-19 lockdown and to study the association of internet overuse with sleep quality, cognition and physical activity during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods A sample of 125 participants {professors (n = 52) and collegiate students (n = 73)} was recruited from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. Criteria for inclusion were college professors and collegiate students who uses internet. Both the groups were assessed for internet usage (Internet Addiction Test), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), cognition (Cognitive Failure Questionnaire) and physical activity (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) via google forms. Results There was a significant difference for internet usage (p < 0.05), sleep quality (p = 0.032), cognition (distractibility, p = 0.019) and physical activity in college professors and collegiate students. It has been also reported that there was a significant association of internet usage with sleep quality and cognition and sleep quality with cognition. Conclusion Students have more problematic internet usage, bad sleep quality, more cognitive failures and less physical activity than college professors during pandemic lockdown. It has been also observed that problematic internet usage has correlation with sleep quality, cognition and physical activity.
  PubDate: 2023-05-23
Anger-Related Problems and Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents Playing
Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games
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  Abstract: Purpose Publications have shown that playing massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) can increase the risk of depression, social withdrawal, and anxiety. In the current study, we compared adolescents who play MMORPGs to those who do not on anxiety and depression symptoms, sleep disturbances, and anger-related problems. Methods The participants included 52 adolescents (aged 12–18 years) who play MMORPGs and a control group of age and gender-matched adolescents. Subjects completed the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAXI), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Child Version (SCARED) questionnaires. Results Anxiety, depressive symptoms, and anger-related problems were higher in adolescents who played MMORPGs than those who did not. The scores of trait anger, anger in, and anger-out subscales showed a positive correlation with the CDI scores, while the anger control scores showed a negative correlation (p < 0.05). Subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbances, sleep functionality subscale, and total PSQI scores of adolescents who played MMORPGs showed a significant relationship with SCARED scores (p < 0.05). The sleep latency showed a positive correlation with the scores on CDI scales. Conclusions Consequently, as anxiety problems increase, subjective sleep quality decreases, frequent sleep disturbances impair adolescents' daily functioning and the risk of sleep disturbances increases in adolescents who play MMORPGs. In addition, an increase in depressive symptoms prolongs sleep latency and decreases total sleep time. When depressive symptoms increase in adolescents who play MMORPGs, they also have more anger problems.
  PubDate: 2023-05-02
Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale
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  Abstract: Purpose The Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale was developed with the aim of measuring sleep effort. The present study evaluates the psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the scale through classical test theory (specifically confirmatory factor analysis), item response theory, and network analysis. Methods It was used an existing database comprising a community sample of 227 Portuguese adults, aged 20–74 (M = 42.99; SD = 12.44) years old, comprising 49.8% women and 50.2% men. Results In confirmatory factor analysis, a well-adjusted to data one-factor model was identified, with sleep effort as the single factor. Item response theory analysis indicated an adequate performance of all items and satisfactory coverage of the latent trait, with items 3 (a = 3.37), 4 (a = 3.18), and 6 (a = 3.02) as the most discriminative ones. Considering network analysis, items 4 and 7 presented the strongest edge weight (.48). Item 1 was displayed at the centre of the networks and accounted for the largest number of connections with the remaining items. Conclusion The results suggest that the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale is a reliable measure, comprising highly discriminative items with good centrality indices.
  PubDate: 2023-04-28
Smart, Personalized Sleep: The Benefits and Risks of Artificial
Intelligence and Wearables in the Consumer Sleep Technology Market
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  PubDate: 2023-04-25
Sleep Micro–Macro-structures in Psychophysiological Insomnia. PSG
Study
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  Abstract: Study Objectives To address sleep micro–macro-structures in psychophysiological insomnia (PPI) as denoted by cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), Sleep spindles, and hyperarousal as microstructures and sleep characteristics such as sleep stages’ variables, and heart rate as macrostructures. Methods Two statistical populations, with 20 participants in each, are addressed: good sleepers (GS) and patients with psychophysiological insomnia (PPI). The sleep polysomnography (PSG) for one night was performed and sleep macro–micro-structures extraction was implemented for each participant. Cyclic alternating patterns were scored manually and other structures were monitored by the original PSG’s device software. Analytical methods are used to dissect the results. Result The findings imply: (a) psychophysiological insomnia is characterized by CAP differences from good sleepers which are associated with hyperarousal; (b) Regarding microstructure, more microarousals in sleep stages caused more number of wake index. (c) The ratio of sleep stages, sleep latency and heart rate as sleep macrostructure are significantly changed. (d) There is no significant difference between PPI and GS groups on spindles length in our research. Conclusion Regarding all sleep disorders and especially PPI, CAP variables, EEG arousals, and sleep spindles as microstructures and Total Sleep Time, Sleep Latency, number of waking, REM duration, and Heart Rate as macrostructures were found to be critical for the diagnosis of psychophysiological insomnia The analysis contributes to understanding better approaches in the quantitative specification of psychophysiological insomnia compare to good sleepers.
  PubDate: 2023-04-16
Significance of Good Sleep Quality and Interventions for the Improvement
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  Abstract: Purpose This is an exploratory pilot study, reporting the impact of the Envirocare device on sleep efficiency. In this study, we have tried to assess the efficacy of Envirocare in improving sleep efficiency. Methods The study was performed on 21 healthy subjects having age between 18 and 60 years. Participants slept for a total of two nights (22:00–06:00 h) in the sleep laboratory, attending the experimental sessions at least 10 days apart. Each of the two experimental nights recording the data of normal sleep and sleep with Envirocare were preceded by a readiness session designed to help participants acclimatize to the laboratory conditions and also to rule out the presence of any sleep disorders. Results It was seen that the average sleep efficiency score of the subjects at baseline was 80.68 ± 7.39. When the subjects were using Envirocare, the average score was found to be 86.49 ± 7.93. This change was found to be statistically significant improvement (p = 0.012). Conclusion The use of Envirocare can significantly improve sleep efficiency in controlled conditions. Given the positive impact of better sleep on an individual’s emotional and physical wellbeing, and encouraging results from this pilot, further population-based studies are warranted, involving other indices of human health in a real-world experience.
  PubDate: 2023-03-29
Impact of Sleep Pattern of Pharmacy College Students on Academic
Performance
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  Abstract: Purpose Disrupted sleep pattern has shown to impact the mental health of medical sciences students. However, few studies assessed its association with academic performance, and the impact of other factors among pharmacy students. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between different sleep pattern variables and academic performance among pharmacy students. Methods A cross-sectional study using self-administered survey was distributed to all students at a large pharmacy college in Saudi Arabia between November 2020 and February 2021. The students were asked to answer based on their sleep pattern and academic performance in the previous year of 2019–2020 (before COVID-19 lockdown). Results 237 students completed the survey. Shorter sleeps before exams and taking medicines for insomnia were significantly associated with failing at least one course (adjOR = 0.78 and 3.68; 95% CI 0.63–0.97 and 1.18–11.49; P = 0.028 and 0.025, respectively). As such, for each extra hour of sleep/night on exam nights, there is a 0.22 lower odd of failing at least one course, and taking insomnia medications increases the odds of failing by 3.68 times. Fewer sleep hours were significantly correlated with tiredness upon wake up, daytime sleepiness, and in-class sleepiness (rs = − 0.24, − 0.38, and − 0.24, respectively; P ≤ 0.001 for all correlations). Conclusions Disrupted sleep pattern negatively impacted the academic performance of pharmacy students. Getting sufficient quality sleep, especially before exams, maybe associated with better performance and lower odds of course failures. College administrators should encourage good sleep hygiene to their students and pair the recommendations with evidence on the impact of sleep on academic performance.
  PubDate: 2023-01-13
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-023-00225-8
Sleep and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis,
Markers, Interventions, and Treatments
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  Abstract: Purpose Among the commonly encountered symptoms of autism are sleep disorders, which exist for reasons that are not only linked to the disorder but also, have a bidirectional relationship with the condition. Thus, autism promotes sleep disorders, but once established, the altered sleep patterns worsen both the core features of the disease as well as the conditions associated with it. The current review is aimed at exploring the interaction between sleep and autism. Methods A thorough search of published literature on ‘Sleep’ AND ‘Autism’ was conducted using major databases including: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, EBSCO, PsychINFO, Global Health database and the Google Scholar search engine. All the significant findings highlighting their interaction and the management aspects are documented and discussed in detail. Results A sleep diary and parental questionnaires may be a good starting point for determining the extent of sleep disruption, though they are less accurate than objective assessment through polysomnography or actigraphy. Successful symptom reduction has been shown with a number of the better-known hypnotics. Melatonin appears to be useful in controlling sleep problems in autism, according to a large body of evidence. Conclusion Based on the available evidence, various management approaches are available to reduce the severity of some of the sleep symptoms associated with autism. This includes sleep hygiene, behavioral modifications, pharmacological treatments, melatonin supplementation, and other sleep-inducing medications.
  PubDate: 2023-01-07
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00222-3
Poor Quality of Sleep is Associated with Lower Academic Performance in
Undergraduate Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
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  Abstract: Purpose This study aimed to assess the quality of sleep and associated factors among dental students. Methods All dental students regularly enrolled at the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, were invited to participate. A structured online questionnaire was applied to collect the independent variables, including academic performance. Quality of sleep was assessed by the validated version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sample was dichotomized as good sleep quality (total score: ≤ 4) and at least poor quality (total score: ≥ 5). Adjusted analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance to detect the association between sleep quality and independent variables. Independent adjusted models were performed to the whole-sample, only undergraduate and only graduate dental students. Results Poor quality of sleep was detected in 266 (65.2%) dental students, of which 228 (68.9%) and 38 (49.4%) were undergraduate and graduate dental students, respectively. Female students presented a prevalence ratio (PR) 19% higher compared to males (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.41). When only graduate students were considering, those that reported not being the head of the family presented a PR 4.39 higher for poor quality of sleep (95% CI 1.91–10.09). Poor quality of sleep was associated with lower academic performance among undergraduate students (PR: 0.94; 95% CI 0.89–0.99), but not significantly associated when graduate students are considered (PR: 0.99; 95% CI 0.96–1.03). Conclusion It was concluded that dental students, mainly female ones, have high prevalence of poor quality of sleep, which is associated with undergraduate student’s worst academic performance.
  PubDate: 2023-01-07
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00223-2
PAP Therapy Compliance in COVID-19: Multifactorial Etiologies to Consider
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  PubDate: 2023-01-03
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00224-1
Sleep is Vital for Brain and Heart: Post COVID-19 Assessment by World
Health Organization and the American Heart Association
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  PubDate: 2022-12-12
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00221-4
The Effect of Sleep Quality and Anxiety Level on Blood Pressure
Variability
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  Abstract: Aim We aimed to investigate the effects of sleep quality and level of anxiety on the cardiovascular system with blood pressure variability (BPV) based on ambulatory blood pressure Holter data. Materials and Methods A total of 88 patients who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were included in the study. BPV was evaluated by using standard deviation (SD) of 24-h, day, and night systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Coefficient variation of blood pressure (CV) was calculated with the formula: (Standard deviation of blood pressure/mean arterial pressures) × 100%. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality of individuals and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to measure the frequency and severity of anxiety symptoms. Results Sleep duration was decreased in the poor sleep quality group, as expected. There was a statistically significant and positive relationship between the PSQI scores and BAI scores of patients who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. According to the PSQI scores, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of blood pressure values, but there was a difference in terms of the parameters indicating BPV, especially in terms of SD of SBP and CV of SBP. Similarly, a statistically significant increase in SD of SBP and CV of SBP values were observed with increasing anxiety level. When we divided the patients into four groups according to the PSQI and BAI scores, SD of SBP and CV of SBP values statistically significantly differed between groups, and we observed that this difference was more evident between patients with PSQI ≤ 5 and BAI ≤ 16 and patients with PSQI > 6 and BAI > 16. Conclusion Blood pressure variability parameters measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring might be adversely affected with increasing levels of anxiety and poor sleep quality.
  PubDate: 2022-12-06
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00219-y
Reforming Sleep Health: A Need to Focus on Sleep Health Policy to Reduce
Disease Burden and Promote Health Equity and Equality
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  PubDate: 2022-11-29
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00220-5
Coexistent Seizures and NREM Parasomnia: A Case Report
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  Abstract: The association between seizures and parasomnias in a single individual has been highlighted by this case report, which describes a patient with Sleep Hypermotor Seizures (SHE) developing Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Parasomnias later in the course of illness, with both existing in temporal proximity. Detailed history taking and evaluation with scales were carried out, along with laboratory investigations such as Polysomnography (PSG) and Electroencephalography (EEG), all of which confirmed this coexistence of the two entities. The treatment decision was taken keeping in mind the theories of common origin of the two. Research and reporting of such coexistence are thus justified for better understanding and combined management of such cases.
  PubDate: 2022-09-02
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00217-0
Comparison of Sleep Quantity in Patients with Chronic Diseases: Results
from a Population-Based Study
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  Abstract: Introduction Sleeping is one of the most important human behaviors, which comprises one-third of human life. Sleeping process is required for proper performance of the brain. It is one of the important cycles of human life, which is repeated regularly and is directly associated with individuals’ activity while being awake. Human sleep is under the influence of various internal and external factors. In addition, sleep quality and quantity are related to individuals’ health status and mortality. Methods The study data were collected from Fasa cohort population. At first, people with selected chronic diseases were chosen. Then, they were compared to their peers (People who do not have that disease) with respect to the mean sleep quantity. The effective factors in sleep quantity were explored, as well. Results The results indicated that diabetes could affect the quantity of sleep. Accordingly, diabetic patients slept less in comparison to their peers. Individuals with higher education levels also slept less in comparison to others. Changes were also observed in sleep quantity among the individuals who consumed alcohol or were passive smoker, which could affect their health status. Discussion and Conclusion By understanding the sleep mechanism and its impact on the body and controlling the effective factors in sleep quantity, physical and mental diseases can be prevented among patients with chronic disorders.
  PubDate: 2022-08-22
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00215-2
Diagnostic Utility of Ultrasonography of Upper Airway in Screening for
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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  Abstract: Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) characterized by collapse of upper airway. Diagnosis requires polysomnography and screening questionnaires help predict risk of OSA. Ultrasonographic imaging of airway has the potential to identify patients at risk of OSA by evaluating both static and dynamic anthropometric parameters of the upper airway. Methodology This study assessed the anthropometry (static and dynamic) of upper airway in patients of suspected obstructive sleep apnea by Ultrasonography (USG) and correlation of upper airway parameters with severity of obstructive sleep apnea. All participants were ≥ 18 years and were subjected to clinical evaluation, anthropometric measurement, screening by questionnaire, complete overnight polysomnography and neck ultrasonography. Study enrolled 25 were in OSA group and 25 in control group. All patients underwent polysomnography and US measurements of tongue thickness (TT), upper airway length (UAL), lateral pharyngeal wall thickness (LPW) and oropharynx [retropalatal (RP) and retroglossal (RG) levels]. Measurements were made in tidal expiration, tidal inspiration, forced inspiration and Muller’s maneuver (MM). Dynamic shortening of RP and RG diameters at both forced inspiration and MM to tidal expiration were also calculated. Correlations of all the US parameters with PSG findings were analyzed. Results Upper airway length, tongue thickness and lateral pharyngeal wall thickness by USG were significantly higher in OSA group compared to non-OSA group. Our study showed that Retropalatal inspiration (RP), forced inspiration, Muller’s maneuver (MM), % change in forced inspiration, and % change during MM and retroglossal diameter with % change in MM showed a statistically significant difference in OSA and non-OSA group. Retroglossal (RG) inspiration, forced inspiration, MM, and % change in MM showed a statistically significant difference in the OSA and non-OSA groups. ROC analysis of neck ultrasonography parameters showed the highest sensitivity with tongue thickness, and RP % change in forced inspiration showed the highest specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy. Conclusion Submental ultrasound is an objective, convenient, non-invasive and effective screening tool for OSA.
  PubDate: 2022-08-17
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00214-3
Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep
Quality Index in Hemodialysis Patients
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  Abstract: Purpose The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is widely used in screening for self-reported sleep disturbances in clinical groups or healthy populations. The literature lacks rigorous psychometric evaluation of the Arabic Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (A-PSQI) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aims to estimate reliability, extract, and test the underlying factor structure of the A-PSQI in HD patients, and determine its suitability for this clinical group. Methods In a sample of 461 HD patients (287 males, 62.3%) recruited from all health districts in Kuwait., inter-components, between A-PSQI components, and its global score correlations were estimated. Component analysis was conducted to identify inconsistent components with the rest. Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω estimated reliability. Stability and convergent validity were assessed. Construct validity was explored by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test factor structure. Results Patients had a median (Interquartile Range) age of 54 (22) years. The A-PSQI had a mean (SD) score of 7.1 (3.65). The Cronbach α = .634 and McDonald ω = 0.62 indicated moderate reliability. EFA resulted in two factors highly correlated (0.83, PV < 0.001) with A-PSQI global score indicating two distinct constructs. CFA provided weak evidence supporting the one-factor model, but the two-factor model (explained 51.8% of total variance) without the “use of sleep medication” item, which has the smallest corrected-item total correlation, showed a good fit with the smallest AIC. Conclusion The A-PSQI seems moderately reliable to screen for sleep disorders in HD patients. Future research on scoring in the two-factors model is warranted. It can help clinicians better understand sleep disturbance and improve the instrument’s sensitivity.
  PubDate: 2022-07-27
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00211-6
Association Between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Factors, Academic
Performance and Health
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  Abstract: Purpose The deconstruction of sleep quality into its particular components may help to specify how each one of them influence academic performance and health. Thus, the current study aims to assess sleep quality among students and the association of each component of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with academic performance, mental, and general health. Methods One hundred and forty-three students participated in the study and filled up demographic forms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale- 21 (DASS 21). Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between PSQI, academic performance, and health among the participants. Logistic analysis was used to determine the significance of association between PSQI and factors like academic performance and health. Results Analysis of data shows 51.74% participants experienced bad quality sleep. Poor sleep quality was a significant predictor of depression (36.3%), anxiety (19.6%) and stress (29.9%), positive health (21.8%) and negative health (42.6%). Sleep latency as an individual component has a significant negative impact on academic performance. ‘Subjective sleep quality’ and ‘daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness’ had a significant impact on both physical and mental health. Logistic regression analysis of the association between scores on academic performance, mental health, and sleep quality demonstrated significant correlations between quality of sleep and mental health scores (odds ratio = 1.05:1.03–1.06, p < 0.01). Conclusion Sleep is an important determinant of academic performance, and health of the students. The findings of the study will aid to develop intervention strategies that address the overall health issues of students.
  PubDate: 2022-07-21
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00212-5
Sleep Questionnaires for Adults in Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy
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  Abstract: Sleep problems are reported by most people with musculoskeletal diseases. Pain, which is a common symptom of these diseases, has a bidirectional association with sleep. Hence, sleep examination should be an important element of the routine evaluation of patients with these diseases. Sleep questionnaires have proven to be effective method for assessing sleep disorders and various sleep domains. They can aid in a full assessment of an individual’s sleep and related factors. These tools provide a subjective assessment of the patient's sleep, allowing the physiotherapist to deliver effective treatment to patients with musculoskeletal disorders who have issues with sleep. Sleep questionnaires are useful for determining a patient's normal sleep context and are simple to administer. However, they also have limitations because of their subjective nature. The present review provides an overview of questionnaires that a physiotherapist can use to assess sleep with hopes that it will facilitate the development of a concept and the relevance of sleep assessment in musculoskeletal physiotherapy.
  PubDate: 2022-06-15
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00208-1
Changes in Positive Airway Pressure Use in Adults with Sleep-Related
Breathing Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional
National Community-Based Survey
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  Abstract: Purpose To better understand: (i) a positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy use during the pandemic, (ii) how PAP use may relate to sleep, health, and COVID-19-related outcomes, and (iii) factors associated with PAP use during the pandemic. Methods This study is based on data collected between Apr 2020 and Jan 2021 as part of an online cross-sectional national community-based survey. The included participants were located in North America, 18 years and older, with self-reported sleep-related breathing disorder (SBD) and usage of a PAP device in the last month before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Of all respondents, 7.2% (41/570) stopped using PAP during the pandemic over a median time since the pandemic declaration of 62.0 days (IQR = 8.0). There were no significant differences between individuals who continued and stopped using PAP in the time elapsed since the pandemic declaration, age, sex, education level, occupational status, family income, or the proportions of individuals endorsing symptoms that could be related to COVID-19. Compared to individuals who continued using PAP, those who stopped had significantly shorter sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, and poorer sleep quality. Higher stress levels and living with someone who experienced symptoms that could be attributable to COVID-19 were independently associated with stopping PAP use. Conclusions In this survey study, most individuals with SBD continued PAP therapy during the pandemic. However, even 7% of participants who stopped using PAP cannot be ignored. Identifying individuals at risk of discontinuing PAP treatment may help design targeted interventions for people with SBD and health professionals to improve PAP use.
  PubDate: 2022-06-08
  DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00207-2