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African Health Sciences
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.446  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 7  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 1680-6905 Published by African Journals Online  [260 journals]
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- Editor’s choice: Infections, sexual reproductive and child health out
shine NCDs in the African environment
Authors: James K Tumwine
Pages: I - IV.
Abstract: NIL
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.1
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Erratum to: The immune-modulatory role of MSCs exerted by PI3K/AKT
signaling pathway in kidney tissue after cyclophosphamide
Authors: Heba M Saad Eldien, Mohammed Jayed Alenzi
Abstract: NIL.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Virologic re-suppression and the associated factors among children aged
1-9 years on Antiretroviral Therapy in The Aids Support Organization
Soroti Region, Uganda: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Winfred Ruth Acham, Aisha Nalugya, Ricky Nyatia, Nelson Bunani
Pages: 1 - 9
Abstract: Background: Children living with HIV experience low viral load re-suppression after a high viral load compared to the rest of the population. We determined the proportion with re-suppressed viral load and associated factors among children 1-9 years on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in The Aids Support Organization (TASO) Soroti Region. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 401 records of children that initially had high viral load > 1000copies/ml for the period January 2016 to December 2018. Modified Poisson regression was performed to determine factors associated with virologic re-suppression. Results: The prevalence of virologic re-suppression was 97/401 (24.2%). More than half, 213 (53.1%) of the children were females and 197/401 (49%) were aged between 8 and 9 years. Factors associated with virologic re-suppression were; being on protease inhibitor (PI) based regimen [APR 2.87, 95% CI 1.76-4.79], good adherence [APR1.71, 95% CI 1.22-2.51] and caregiver HIV seropositive status [APR 2.56, 95% CI 1.69-3.91]. Conclusion: Virologic re-suppression was low compared to the UNAIDS target. Taking PI-based regimen, good adherence and HIV seropositive status of the caregiver were predictors of virologic re-suppression. Close viral load monitoring of children on ART and intensified targeted adherence support to caregivers is vital to improving virologic re-suppression. Keywords: Virologic re-suppression; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; children.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.2
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- A comparative assessment of CD4 recovery in a cohort of patients on
different HAART regimens in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility
Authors: Paul Onah, Catherine Idoko, Aliyu Kai'gama, Siyaka Abdulateef
Pages: 10 - 18
Abstract: Background: Antiretroviral therapy is expected to produce sustained viral load reduction and a rise in CD4 cell count, both of which are important clinical markers of immune recovery. There is contrasting clinical evidence of CD4 stability among patients on long term therapy, which is a major challenge in poor resource settings. This study aims to evaluate CD4 cell recovery among patients on four regimens who have been on long term antiretroviral therapy Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the medical records of patients on four antiretroviral regimens. A three year record of CD4 cell count of 405 randomly selected subjects was extracted for analysis. Results: The increase of CD4 cells was between 65.6 – 82.1% of baseline values, with the highest rise occurring with Efavirenz based regimens. Among patients who achieved target CD4 cell counts ≥ 500 cells/ml, there was further increase of between 22.2 – 34.1% compared to baseline values. The percentage of patients with incomplete immune recovery still remain high among patients on the four regimens 65.9 – 77.8%. Conclusion: Immune reconstitution continue to occur among patients, however a significant proportion of patients fail to achieve and sustain target CD4 target on the long term. Keywords: CD4 recovery; different HAART regimens; Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.3
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- The impact of COVID-19-induced lockdowns on Antiretroviral-Therapy (ART)
Authors: Jamela Mjabuli, Özdal Macide Artac
Pages: 19 - 31
Abstract: Background: Zimbabwe has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world. HIV treatment was initiated in 2004 and expanded to 94% coverage rate by the 2020. Objectives: i) to determine the level of treatment adherence during COVID-19-induced lockdowns and ii) to investigate the key determinants of adherence to ART during COVID-19-induced lockdowns. Methods: The cross sectional study involved 392 people living with HIV (PLHIV) and was conducted at nine health facilities in Bulawayo City. Data was analysed using the Shapiro-wilk test for normality, Chi-squared test, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Bartlett's test, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, scree plot, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: 94.6% of the respondents took their ARTs on time, and 90.6% did not miss any treatment review. The factors influencing treatment adherence were health systems (beta value 0.334), Family support (beta value 0.138) and knowledge/understanding of treatment (beta value 0.109). Health outcome concerns (beta value -0.194) and food security and livelihoods (beta value 0.191). Conclusion: Three factors had a positive impact on treatment adherence namely, functional health systems, family support, and knowledge or understanding of health treatment, while two factors namely health outcome concerns and food security and livelihoods negatively impacted treatment adherence. Keywords: Impact of COVID-19-induced lockdowns; HIV/AIDs patients; Bulawayo; Zimbabwe.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.4
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Factors influencing utilisation of cervical cancer screening services
among HIV positive women attending care and treatment centres in Kinondoni
municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Eliena Kisaka, Titus Kabalimu, Innocent Semali, Yohana Mashalla
Pages: 32 - 40
Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among HIV+ve women. Objective: To determine factors influencing utilisation of cervical cancer screening among HIV+ve women attending Cancer Treatment and Care in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam. Methods: Cross-sectional study among HIV+ve women was carried out between September and October 2021; collected using a standardised questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine cervical cancer extent and association of predictors of cervical cancer screening. Results: 230 HIV+ve women aged 21–60 years were interviewed. Only 47% had screened for cervical cancer. Low knowledge of HIV+ve as risk significantly associated with less likelihood to screen for cervical cancer [AOR 0.49, 95% CI (0.253-0.957, P = 0.037)]. Parity of 3 or more was twice likely to screen for cervical cancer [AOR 2.124, 95% CI (1.012-4.456, P = 0.046)]; and housewives were 2.5 more likely to screen for cervical cancer [AOR 2.594, 95% CI (1.149-5.853, P = 0.002)]. Lack of knowledge on preventive measures was less associated with likelihood to screen [AOR 0.114, 95% CI (0.013-0.972, P = 0.047)]. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge on HIV+ve and prevention, age and parity are likely to influence utilisation of cervical cancer screening services. Keywords: Cervical cancer; HIV positive women.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.5
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Prevalence of unmet need for family planning and unintended pregnancies
among women of reproductive age living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a
systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hafidha M Bakari, Oluwafemi Alo, Mariam S Mbwana, Swalehe M Salim, Emilie Ludeman, Taylor Lascko, Habib O Ramadhani
Pages: 41 - 53
Abstract: Introduction: Family planning is an effective intervention for women living with HIV who do not desire to have children to reduce vertical transmission and infant- and pregnancy-related mortality. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of unmet need for family planning (UFP) and unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: This was a systematic review that searched databases from March 2007 to December 2021. UFP was defined as women who were sexually active and did not desire to have additional children (unmet need for limiting), or who delayed their next pregnancy (unmet need for spacing) but were not using any contraception. Unintended pregnancies were defined as women who reported that their last pregnancy was unintended. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Total of 35 articles were included. Overall, the pooled prevalence of UFP was 30.1% (95%CI, 26.4–33.9). The pooled prevalence of unmet need for spacing was 11.9% and 14.2% for limiting.. The pooled prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 16.5% (95%CI, 9.4–25.1). Conclusion: Three in ten women of reproductive age living with HIV in Africa have UFP. Efforts to prevent unsafe abortions from unintended pregnancies are needed to minimize the UFP. Keywords: Unmet need for family planning; women living with HIV; un intended pregnancy; sub-Saharan Africa.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.6
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- TB co-infection and associated factors among HIV patients attending highly
active antiretroviral therapy in Saint Peter’s TB Specialized Hospital,
Ethiopia: a five years retrospective study
Authors: Dereje Getaw, Fitsum Tigu
Pages: 54 - 61
Abstract: Background: TB and HIV are the two widely distributed and successful microbial diseases which impose public health problems globally. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of TB among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among PLHIV at Saint Peter’s TB Specialized Hospital (SPTSH). Study participants were selected by random sampling technique. Logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the associations between dependent and independent variables. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of TB among PLHIV in the entire study population was 24.6%. The proportion of pulmonary TB (PTB), disseminated TB (DTB) and extra pulmonary TB (EPTB), were 49 (57.6%), 9 (10.6%) and 27 (31.8%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that PLHIV who are non-adhered to ART (AOR = 51.6, 95% CI 24.18 - 387), HAART duration of > 35 months (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.198 - 2.10) and WHO clinical stage IV (AOR = 40.14, 95% CI15.14 -106.44), were significantly associated with TB/HIV co-infection. Conclusions: TB co-infection is the major public health issue of PLHIV. Special emphasis is required to reduce the incidence of TB/HIV associated morbidity and mortality among PLHIV. Keywords: Adherence; ETB; prevalence; TB/HIV co-infection.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.7
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Adverse effects associated with Kanamycin, Amikacin, Capreomycin and
Bedaquiline -a VigiAccessTM study
Authors: Lisa Singh, Varsha Bangalee, Serisha Ramasir, Lehlohonolo John Mathibe
Pages: 62 - 70
Abstract: Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a prevalent health burden, both in South Africa and globally. The treatment of MDR-TB is both complex and difficult as multiple drugs have to be used concurrently in order to achieve good treatment outcomes for patients. However, there is a lack in the evidence regarding the incidences of specific adverse effects of these drugs. Objective: The main aim/objective of this study was to investigate and compare reported specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with kanamycin, capreomycin, amikacin and bedaquiline in MDR-TB patients. Methods: Secondary data collected over a period of 12 months were sourced from a public access data base, VigiAccessTM, and analysed. Results: There was a steep increase in adverse drug reactions reported for kanamycin with the main adverse reactions being hypoacusis, deafness and tinnitus cases, along with vomiting, nausea and diarrhoea. With capreomycin, there were increases in asthenia and hypoacusis although the latter showed a plateau after some point. Rash and pruritus increased along with cases of death with amikacin and there were reports of prolonged QT interval in the electrocardiogram of patients on bedaquiline in addition to nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Conclusion: There are many specific adverse effects associated with kanamycin, capreomycin, amikacin and bedaquiline. The number of cases of the specific adverse effects also increased with time. Therefore, VigiAccessTM provides a good platform for reporting and awareness of specific adverse effects associated with MDR-TB therapy. This is a vital stepping stone for further research. Keywords: Kanamycin; Amikacin; Capreomycin; Bedaquiline.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.8
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Quality of life among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients on treatment in
SouthWest Nigeria
Authors: Janet Bamidele, Olumide Abiodun, Kolawole Sodeinde, Terkaa Bitto, Adekunle Alabi, Callistus Akinleye, Olusola Adejumo, Olusoji Daniel
Pages: 71 - 80
Abstract: Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) continues to be a public health concern. Several factors, including the disease itself, affect the quality of life of DR-TB patients. This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QOL) and associated factors of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 165 participants using an interviewer-administered 26-item World Health Organization Quality of life Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) tool. Two questions assessed overall quality of life and general health while twenty-four questions assessed the physical, social, psychological and environmental domains of QOL. Continuous variables were summarized using means, standard deviations while association between categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression model assessed the predictors of QOL with statistical significance at p<0.05 Results: Mean age was 35.63 ± 11.36. The overall quality of life was 3.96±0.82. The environmental domain had the highest mean quality of life (64.9±14.6), while the physical domain had the lowest (59.2±11.2). Marital status, family size, and support from the TB programme were associated with a good QOL. Conclusion: Overall quality of life was good. Continued financial and social support for drug-resistant tuberculosis patients on treatment by the national tuberculosis control programme is recommended. Keywords: Drug-resistant tuberculosis; quality of life; Nigeria.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.9
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Knowledge, attitude and practices related to tuberculosis among patients
at the Presbyterian Hospital in the Asante Akim North District
Authors: Sebastian Osei Kwarteng, Eric Sampane Donkor, Julius Eyiuche Nweze
Pages: 81 - 90
Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health concerns in Ghana, with serious economic and social consequences. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is preventable and curable, as health educational programmes contribute to the control of TB However, the evidence required for such programmes is lacking in Ghana. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the underlying practices, attitudes and knowledge (PAK) of the patients at the Presbyterian hospital in Agogo, the Asante Akim North District (PHAA-AND) about tuberculosis disease and healthcare-seeking behaviour. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among patients in the PHAA-AND. A simple random sampling method was used in selecting 370 participants for the study, who were interviewed regarding their TB knowledge, attitude and infection control practices. Results: Our study shows that the majority of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge about TB regarding its causative agent (68%), transmission (85.6%) and prevention (81.7%). However, poor knowledge was expressed regarding TB treatment by the majority (80.8%) of the respondents. Generally, the majority of respondents had a positive attitude and expressed good infection control practices regarding TB. The strongest determinants of TB related knowledge, or attitude or towards infection control practices were; level of education (OR, 1.49, CI; 1.25-1.77, p < 0.001), and gender (OR, 0.37, CI; 0.21-0.69, p=0.001). Conclusions: Respondents had good PAK towards TB, though some gaps were identified. These gaps called for health education about TB in the study area, and effective educational programs. Keywords: Knowledge; attitude; practices; tuberculosis; Presbyterian Hospital in the Asante Akim North District.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.10
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in tuberculosis diagnosis in sub-Saharan
Africa: data from DREAM program in Mozambique
Authors: Fausto Ciccacci, Kanyza Ibraimo, Alberto Sineque, Susanna Ceffa, Zita Sidumo, Stefano Orlando, Cristina Marazzi
Pages: 91 - 94
Abstract: Background: TB is a global emergency, COVID-19 reversed the trend in TB mortality reduction to 2017 levels. Mozambique is one of the highest-burden countries with 368 new cases per 100.000 population in 2020.
Objectives: This analysis aims to evaluate a TB diagnostic service in two Mozambican cities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: We reviewed routine activity data from two laboratories in Mozambique (Maputo and Beira) in the period 01/2018–08/2022. GeneXpert test was prescribed based on clinical suspicion. Data about the number of tests, results, and rifampicin resistance were collected.
Results: In the period 3,071 tests were conducted: 391 positive, and 32 rifampicin resistant. The number of positive samples was higher in Beira (20.2% vs 5%, OR 4[3.1-5.2]).
In Maputo, we observed a higher percentage of rifampicin-resistant samples (13.2%vs7%, OR 0.5[0.2-1.1]), but the overall prevalence of rifampicin resistance was higher in Beira (14.1‰vs6.6‰, OR 2.1[1.0-4.5]).
In 2020 and the first semester of 2021 a reduction in activity was observed, but positivity rates remained stable, with a slight increment starting in 2020.
Conclusions: Our data confirm the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB diagnostic services but also highlight possible benefits in terms of diagnostic appropriateness in clinical centers.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; tuberculosis diagnosis; sub-Saharan Africa; Mozambique.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.11
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Adverse events associated with AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine among adults
in Greater Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Allan Komakech, Jonathan Izudi, John Kamulegeya, Freda L Aceng, James Acaye, Edirisa Juniour Nsubuga, Petranilla Nakamya, Daniel Kadobera, Lilian Bulage, Benon Kwesiga, Alex R Ario
Pages: 95 - 105
Abstract: Background: Uganda started AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination in March 2021 but information about adverse events is limited. We assessed adverse events following AstraZeneca vaccination among adults in Greater Kampala, Uganda. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we systematically sampled persons who had received ≥1 dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine and collected data between March and April 2021 through telephone interviews. We defined adverse events as any untoward medical occurrence after vaccination and serious adverse events as any event leading to hospitalization, persistent disability >28 days, death, or congenital anomaly. Results: Of 374 participants aged 20-85 years, the prevalence of adverse events was 76.5%. Common adverse events included injection site redness and hadache; no serious adverse event was reported. Participants aged 20–29 years (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.58; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.92–10.95), 30-39 years (AOR 3.69; 95% CI: 1.81–7.51) and 40-49 years (AOR 2.78; 95% CI 1.26–4.90) were more likely to develop adverse events compared to those aged ≥50 years. Conclusion: Adverse events are prevalent, largely among those aged <50 years; serious adverse events are rare. Persons aged <50 years should be targeted for surveillance of adverse events alongside appropriate health education and counselling. Keywords: Adverse events; assessment; COVID-19; Greater Kampala; Uganda.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.12
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the appointments and anxiety level of
Nigerian patients visiting the dental clinics
Authors: Soyoye Olabimpe, Adeyemi Tope, Otuyemi Olayinka, Fadeju Dada, Lillian Enone, Lawal Omotoyosi, Nnawuihe Ukachi, Salami Afolake, Sotunde Olawale
Pages: 106 - 116
Abstract: Introduction: The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for many countries around the world, including Nigeria. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. To control the spread of the disease, many countries, including Nigeria imposed measures such as border screening, social distancing and restriction of all movements. To prevent further spread of the disease, in many places, dentists were restricted to only handling urgencies and emergencies. Aim: To evaluate the impact of lockdown resulting from COVID-19 pandemic on patients’ willingness to attend their dental appointments, clarify their concerns about their ongoing dental treatment, and to assess the anxiety level of patients regarding the risk of contracting the infection at dental offices in Nigeria. Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among patients aged 13 years and above, visiting dental clinics in six teaching hospitals across three geopolitical zones of Nigeria: South-West, South-South and North-West. Result: Few (26.6%) of the participants were compliant with the lockdown restriction. Regarding the general anxiety level of the patients, majority (48.3%) reported calmness. There was a highly statistically significant association between patients’ feeling about the pandemic and their willingness to attend a dental appointment visit. Conclusion: Majority of the participants demonstrated calmness towards the pandemic and did not exhibit fear or anxiety going to dental clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak. Keywords: COVID-19; dental appointments; anxiety level.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.13
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Chlorhexidine mouthwash and augmentin to prevent Alveolar Osteitis after
removal of mandibular third molar: a three-arm placebo- controlled
randomized clinical trial
Authors: Salah Sakka, Mohamed Yasser Kharma, Ali Al Rafedah
Pages: 117 - 123
Abstract: Background: Alveolar Osteitis (AO) is a complicated problem that particularly occurs following the surgical removal of teeth resulting in severe pain and repeated practice/hospital visits. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of postoperative Chlorhexidine (CHX) plus Augmentin in preventing Alveolar Osteitis AO after mandibular third molars removal. Methods: A total of 191 patients were randomly allocated to the CHX group (66 patients) or CHX and Augmentin group (63 patients) and Placebo group (62 patients). One mandibular third molar was removed in one session where surgical standard procedure was followed. All patients were prescribed rescue medication for postoperative pain relief. A postoperative follow up examination was performed on the third and seventh day to evaluate the existing cases of AO. Results: Group 2 (CHX and Augmentin) showed a significant reduction in AO (P < 0.05) when compared with group 1 (CHX) and group 3 (placebo). Patients have reported CHX side effects like taste alteration, bad taste, and staining. Conclusion: The combination of CHX plus Augmentin may be useful in reducing the incidence of AO following mandibular third molars extraction. Keywords: Chlorhexidine; Augmentin; Alveolar osteitis; third molar; extraction.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.14
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Phytochemical profiling and acute oral toxicity of Suregada zanzibariensis
(Baill) root extract
Authors: Japhet Kimondo Josephat, Cyprian Beda Mpinda, Rose Justus Masalu
Pages: 124 - 137
Abstract: Background: Traditional healers utilize the roots of Suregada zanzibariensis for managing diabetes mellitus. Therefore, evaluation of toxic properties of this plant is important. Objective: To evaluate acute oral toxicity of S. zanzibariensis root extract on Wistar rats and to screen phytochemical compounds of the EAESZ. Methods: GCMS analysis of the plant extracts were performed by using GCMS-2010 Shimadzu and mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the data in the library of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Acute oral toxicity testing was carried by administering a single Distilled water extract (DWESZ) and EAESZ to four different groups of rats at dosage of 300mg/kg and 2000mg/kg in each extract to the separately group of rats Results: The GC-MS analysis of S. zanzibariensis roots extract revealed the presence of 10 major compounds. A higher single dose (2000mg/Kg) of EAESZ and DWESZ extract did not produce any sign of toxicity throughout 14 days of study, in terms of changes in behaviour or mortality in tested rats. No significant (p > 0.05) hematological, liver histological, biochemical changes were noticed between rats treated and control rats Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that the plant extract can be classified as non-toxic. Keywords: Phytochemical profiling; acute oral toxicity; Suregada zanzibariensis (Baill) root extract.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.15
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Letter to the Editor: Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis presenting
as Occipital Neuralgia with associated Chiari Malformation
Authors: José Ruiz-Sandoval, Marco A Sánchez Torres, Jefte Felipe Uribe-Martínez, Amado Jimenez-Ruiz
Pages: 138 - 139
Abstract: NiL.
PubDate: 2024-07-26
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Aflatoxins contamination in spices marketed in selected areas of Tanzania
and their Detection by Chromatographic Technique
Authors: Sharifa Juma, Clarence Mgina, Kessy F Kilulya
Pages: 140 - 151
Abstract: Background: Aflatoxins are a family of toxins produced by fungi species known as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Contamination of aflatoxins in agricultural crops is of high concern as it has negative effects on public health. Objective: This study reports on the levels of aflatoxins in four types of spices (black pepper, turmeric, cardamom and garlic) collected from markets, stores and farms in selected locations of Tanzania. Methods: A total of 84 samples of selected spices were collected. The determination of aflatoxins was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with fluorescence detector. Results: The results obtained showed that 64 samples (76%) were contaminated with total aflatoxins at varying levels with respect to location and weather conditions. Mean concentrations of total aflatoxins ranged from < DL to 8.41 ngg-1 for black pepper, from < DL to 0.22 ngg-1 for garlic, from < DL to 11.07 ngg-1 for cardamom and from 0.28 to 2.21 ngg-1 for turmeric. 4.7% of samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limit of 10 ngg-1 for total aflatoxins (TAF) set by European Commission and 7 (8.33 %) samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limit of 5 ngg-1 for Aflatoxin B1. Conclusion: The observed aflatoxin contamination gives an alert for control of aflatoxins for improved public health. Keywords: Aflatoxins; mycotoxins; liquid chromatography; contamination; spices.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.17
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Relationship between calcium-to-magnesium ratio and malaria parasite
density among children with uncomplicated malaria infection
Authors: Oziegbe Johnson Airen, Loveth Amenaghawon Emokpae, Zainab Omoruyi, Mathias Abiodun Emokpae
Pages: 152 - 159
Abstract: Background/Objective: A high calcium-to-magnesium ratio above 2:1 has been associated with higher risk of metabolic, inflammation and cardiovascular disorders. This study evaluates the serum levels of iron, magnesium, calcium, folate, vitamin B12 and calcium to magnesium ratio in children with uncomplicated malaria infection. Materials and Methods: Measured nutritional parameters were determined in 300 children (100 males and 100 females) with malaria infection and 100 children (50 males and 50 females) without malaria infection using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Significantly lower (p<0.001) levels of serum magnesium, iron, vitamin B12, folate and Packed cell volume (p<0.03) were observed among children with malaria than controls. On the other hand, serum calcium (8.45±0.20) and calcium-to-magnesium ratio (3.9:1.0) (were significantly higher (p<0.001) in malaria infected children than controls. Calcium to magnesium ratio correlated (r=0.188; p<0.01) with malaria parasitaemia. Conclusion: Higher serum calcium-to-magnesium ratio above the recommended 2.1 may contribute to increase risk of morbidity and mortality. Nutritional intervention aimed at lowering the ca/mg ratio may be essential in the management of malaria infection in Children. Keywords: Child; calcium; magnesium; parasites.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.18
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Effect of Socio-economic factors on malaria prevalence in a Peri-urban
setting in Vihiga County, Western Kenya Highlands
Authors: Beatrice Aleyo Muzame, Elizabeth Omukunda, David Mulama, Patrick Okoth
Pages: 160 - 172
Abstract: Background: Malaria is the leading cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa.
Objective: The study assessed the effect of socio-economic factors on high malaria prevalence in a peri-urban setting in
Vihiga County, Western Kenya highlands aimed at strengthening implementation of cost-effective malaria control strategies
at household level.
Method: A longitudinal study was carried out in the study area from December 2019 to November 2020. From patients who
presented themselves at Mbale Provincial Rural Training health centre for various treatments, 768 malaria confirmed patients were recruited and signed consent before the study commenced. Data was collected using microscopy and structured
questionnaires used to stratify malaria patients into socio-economic status and their residence. Data was presented through
graphs, frequency, analyzed using linear regression and correlation. P-value ≤ 0.05as considered statistically significant.
Results: Linear regression analysis showed effect of socio-economic factors on malaria prevalence was statistically significant, R2 = 0.061, [F (7,760) = 7.063], p < 0.0001). Level of education, wealth, land size, house type and house ventilation
were statistically significant to malaria prevalence as opposed to salary and household size.
Conclusion: Socio-economic factors influenced malaria prevalence in the study area. Implementation of cost-effective malaria control strategies should be strengthened at household level. Keywords: Malaria prevalence; socio-economic factors; malaria control strategies; mosquitoes breeding sites; household
level.
PubDate: 2024-07-26
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Estimating the under-five malaria risk in Uganda based on the nearest
neighbour matched analysis technique
Authors: Charles Natuhamya
Pages: 173 - 180
Abstract: Introduction: Malaria still remains a global burden especially in the under-five despite efforts made towards reducing it. The most recommended vector control methods are; use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) or long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) and use of indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, these innovations may not have the same effect on malaria risk in the under-five. This study therefore aimed at assessing; the effect of ITNs/LLINs on malaria risk, the effect of IRS on malaria risk, and the effect of ITNs/LLINs on IRS, using nearest neighbours matched analysis. Methods: Nearest neighbour matched analysis was used to match the treated and control units by taking each treated unit and searching for the control unit with the nearest neighbours without replacement. Results: The results revealed a significant and negative effect of ITNs/LLINs and IRS on malaria risk [ATET=-0.05; 95% CI= -0.07 – -0.02] and [ATET=-0.12; 95% CI= -0.15 – -0.09] respectively. It also found a significant and positive effect of ITNs/LLINs on IRS [ATET=0.03; 95% CI= 0.01 – 0.05]. Conclusions: The implementation of policies and programs towards effective use of ITN/LLIN and IRS can reduce the burden of under-five malaria in Uganda. Keywords: Indoor residual spraying; insecticide treated nets; long lasting insecticide nets; Malaria; nearest neighbour matching; treatment effects; Uganda.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.20
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Malaria Control Programme in Nigeria: uptake of prevention strategies - a
systematic review
Authors: Collins Ugwu, Ngozi Ugwu, Ogbonnaya Ogbu, Onyedikachi Chukwu, Nneka Chika-Igwenyi, Olaronke Afolabi, Daniel Igwe, Esther Ekwe, Ngozi Ezekwesili, Chigozie Uneke, Godsent Isiguzo
Pages: 181 - 193
Abstract: Background: Malaria presents a colossal burden to Africa, including Nigeria. The objective of this study was to review relevant publications to identify specific malaria control strategies in Nigeria and to determine their level of uptake. Methods: A Medline Entrez Pubmed search was conducted to identify studies from July 2013 to June 2018 investigating malaria control strategies. The search yielded 123 publications and twelve publications that met the inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed and results presented. Results: Five publications investigated the level of uptake of IPTp-SP and all reported low uptake of IPTp-SP. Five other publications investigated the uptake of LLINs, of which two reported good uptake. Two studies were on the uptake of mRDT or microscopy before Artemesinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and reported good uptake. Factors associated with poor uptake of malaria preventive strategies included a poorly-financed and poorly structured healthcare system, poor antenatal clinic visits, unavailability of the antimalaria drugs and nets, ignorance, poverty, cultural/religious belief and cost of mRDT and microscopy. Conclusion: Though malaria control strategies are available in Nigeria, there was insufficient uptake of these preventive strategies. Awareness creation and education on the importance of preventive strategies and their efficient utilization will help reduce Nigeria’s malaria burden. Keywords: Anaemia; malaria control strategies; Nigeria; Uptake.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.21
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Anaemia in pregnancy: prevalence and associated socio-demographic and
obstetric factors in urban and rural communities in Nsukka area of Enugu
State, Nigeria
Authors: Scholastica Ngozi Eze, Peace Nwanneka Ani, Cyril Onyinyechukwu Anoshirike
Pages: 194 - 202
Abstract: Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal death especially, in developing countries. Objectives: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia and its associated socio-demographic and obstetric factors among pregnant women in Nsukka Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods: Pregnant women numbering 386 participated in the study. Respondents’ socio-demographic and obstetric data were collected using validated structured questionnaire. Haemoglobin concentration (Hb conc) was determined and used to categorize the women following WHO classification. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Duncan’s new multiple range tests, T-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: More than half (55.9%) of the respondents had low Hb conc; with 39% and 16.9% having mild and moderate anaemia, respectively. Hb conc was significantly influenced by age, occupation, educational and income levels (P<0.05). Hb conc significantly increased with increase in educational and income levels. Negative correlation existed between respondents’ parity and Hb (r=-0.281; P<0.05).Women with 4 - 6 previous pregnancies had the lowest Hb conc (10.18±0.86g/dl) among the respondents. Conclusion: Anaemia in pregnancy is highly prevalent in Nsukka, and was associated with younger age, low educational and income levels, and higher parity. Girl-child/women’s education must be highly prioritized, and adolescent marriage/pregnancy prevented through community-based approaches. Keywords: Anaemia; pregnancy; women of childbearing age; Nigeria.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.22
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Birth preparedness and its association with place of delivery among women
in rural and urban communities of Ogun east senatorial district Nigeria
Authors: Ngozi O Adefala, Temitope Ashipa, Kolawole J Sodeinde, Fikayo E Bamidele, Adebola Y Omotosho, Abiodun O Osinaike, Chimaobi C Nwankpa
Pages: 203 - 212
Abstract: Background: Birth preparedness promotes the timely use of skilled maternal and neonatal care, reduces delays in receiving care; reduces maternal death, and ensures women have professional delivery thus reducing obstetric complications. Making the right decisions regarding the place of delivery influences the outcome of labour and childbirth. Objectives: To assess the practice of birth preparedness and its association with the place of delivery among women in rural and urban communities of Ogun East Senatorial District. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out among 750 women in the rural and urban communities selected using a multistage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire adapted from the safe motherhood questionnaire of the Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) and the Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2018 was used. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 and the statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated and results were presented in frequency tables. Results: Urban respondents were older (mean age 31.07±6.115 years) than their rural counterparts (mean age 30.69±6.312 years). The difference in the mean ages was not statistically significant (p=0.401). Urban respondents were significantly better prepared during their last pregnancy than rural respondents (p=0.022). The majority of respondents in both rural (n=288, 76.8%) and urban areas (n=296, 78.9%) utilized health facilities as a place of delivery during their last pregnancy; the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Disparities existed in this study between rural and urban areas in the practice of birth preparedness. This calls for more health education interventions to increase the practice of birth preparedness in rural areas, having an ideal birth plan, which targets health facility delivery. Keywords: Birth preparedness; practice; place of delivery; utilization of skilled birth attendance.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.23
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Changes of beneficiaries after Red Cross safe motherhood project in
Northern Uganda
Authors: Ai Ogata, Mie Naiki, Yukiya Saito, Alex Onzima
Pages: 213 - 217
Abstract: Background: The Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) and the Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS) collaboratively implemented the safe motherhood project for women of reproductive age and community people to improve reproductive health in Northern Uganda from 2010 to 2016. Follow-up visit has not been conducted and the information on detailed changes of the beneficiaries were limited. Objectives: To explore the beneficiaries’ changes after the Red Cross safe motherhood project in Northern Uganda. Methods: Study design was qualitative content analysis using interview guides. Findings: After the approval of Institutional Review Board Clearance, the study was started. All participants of the study were informed the study objectives, methods, and ethical considerations and consented to participate. The study participants were six people, three beneficiary couples. Changes in knowledge of safe motherhood and general healthcare, attitude helped and prepared financially, attitude to look women as valuable people, practice of visiting health center to get something, practice of avoiding infectious diseases, practice of increment of ANC visit and facility-based delivery, practice of male involvement for safe motherhood were derived from the interview. Conclusion: Follow-up visit revealed positive changes of beneficiaries after the project, however continuous support is needed for sustainability of the safe motherhood project. Keywords: Beneficiaries; Red Cross safe motherhood; Northern Uganda.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.24
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- A 10 year retrospective review of factors associated with poor foetal
outcome in patients with placenta praevia at the University of Maiduguri
Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Ado D Geidam, Hassan H Abubakar
Pages: 218 - 224
Abstract: Background: Placenta Praevia (PP), a placenta that is implanted in the lower uterine segment has the potential to cause severe obstetric complications including foetal death. Objective: To determine the factors associated with poor foetal outcomes in patients with placenta praevia. Method: A retrospective review of the foetal outcome of all cases of PP managed at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital over 10 years (2011 to 2021).
Chi-square test or Fixer exact test as appropriate were used to determine the factors associated with the development of poor foetal outcome. P-value < 0.05 was consider statistically significant. Results: There were 26,407 deliveries during the study period out of which 166 were placenta previa; a prevalence of 0.6%. Most of the patients, 84.8% (95/112) were unbooked. The majority 50.9% (57/112) had blood loss ≥ 1000 ml and 30.4% (34/112) foetuses were of low birth weight. Low birthweight, hypotension, anaemia, unbooked status, vaginal delivery, and EBL ≥ 1000 mls were found to be significantly associated with foetal death. Conclusions: Poor foetal outcome was associated with Unbooked status, anaemia, vaginal delivery, EBL of ≥ 1000 mls, hypotension and duration of hospital stay ≥ 7 days in patients with placenta previa in our environment. Keywords: Foetal outcome; placenta praevia; poor outcome; UMTH.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.25
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Postnatal neonatal outcomes of a targeted mobile phone intervention use in
antenatal care amongst pregnant women in a pastoralist community in narok
county, Kenya: a randomized control trial
Authors: Daniel Muvengei, Simon Karanja, Peter Wanzala
Pages: 225 - 242
Abstract: Background: Complications in pregnancy, at childbirth and the pueperium cause high mortality and morbidity among women and neonates globally especially in the Lower and Middle Income Countries. Antenatal care is a key high impact strategy to improve maternal and child health. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of a targeted mobile phone intervention use in the provision of antenatal care on attendance and subsequent postnatal outcomes among pregnant women in a pastoralist community. Methods: We conducted a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in four hospitals in Narok County, Kenya. Pregnant women were recruited early in pregnancy and followed upto 42 days after delivery. Recruitment started in June 2018. There were two study groups; the intervention and non-intervention groups with the non-intervention group receiving the routine care. Results: Two-hundred-and-sixty-two of the 280 study participants completed the study (93.6% response rate). The difference in proportion of study participants who had neonatal mortality at birth between the two study arms was 9.32% (95% CI 1.91-16.74%) between the intervention (6.06%) and the non-intervention (15.38%) study arms (p value = 0.015). Conclusion: A targeted mobile phone intervention used in antenatal care was associated with improved antenatal care attendance and better neonatal outcomes. Keywords: Postnatal neonatal outcomes; targeted mobile phone intervention; use in antenatal care amongst pregnant women; in a pastoralist community in Narok county; Kenya.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.26
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Incidence of post-partum complications and referrals of mothers and
neonates to hospitals from a Midwife Obstetric Unit
Authors: Akm Monjurul Hoque, Somaya Buckus, Maariyah Hoque
Pages: 243 - 254
Abstract: Background: The successful implementation of obstetric care should identify the maternal and foetal complications and refer to higher healthcare facilities in saving their lives. The study aimed to estimate the maternal and foetal complications risk factors during post-partum. Method: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken at a midwife obstetric unit among all women who had childbirths from January 2018 to October 2019. Regression analysis was used to predict risk factors. Results: The maternal and neonatal complications were 5.9% and 6.7% respectively. Regression analysis showed that mothers did not have antenatal care (ANC) were 2.8 times (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.5:5.4, p=0.001) and six times (OR=5.9, 95% CI; 2.7:12.5, p=0.000) more likely to have maternal and neonatal complications respectively. Gestational age < 32 weeks 19.0 times, (OR=19.0, 95% CI; 9.3:39.0, p=0.000) and 32-36 weeks, 4.6 times (OR=4.6, 95% CI; 2.5:9.4.0, p=0.000) more likely to have neonatal complications. Mothers without syphilis was 63% (OR=.37, 95% CI; .14:.97, p=0.04) less likely to have neonatal complications. Conclusion: Maternal and neonatal complication rates were comparable with others of similar settings. Pregnant women should be educated on the importance of ANC and strategies should be considered for improving ANC uptake and care to reduce maternal and neonatal complications. Keyword: Antenatal care; gestational age; syphilis.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.27
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Utilisation of immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive
devices among adolescents in Mbale City, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Priscilla Alupo, Julius Nteziyaremye, Rose Chalo Nabirye, Lydia VN Ssenyonga, Pamella R Adongo, Joshua Epuitai, Immaculate Mbwali
Pages: 255 - 264
Abstract: Background: Uganda is predominantly a young adolescent population and has a very high (74%) rapid repeat adolescent pregnancy (RRAP) rate. The utilisation of immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) is the most effective strategy to immensely abate the medical and social consequences associated with adolescent pregnancies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors influencing the utilisation of immediate and early PPIUCD among adolescents in Mbale City, Eastern Uganda. Methods: We used a cross sectional study design with quantitative and qualitative methods. Interviewer administered pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a sample of 422 participants. Eight key informant interviews were conducted to explore the perceived enablers and barriers to use of immediate and early PPIUCD. Qualitative data was analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. Results: The prevalence of immediate and early PPIUCD utilisation was 2.4% (10/422). Inadequate adolescent knowledge, inadequate mentorship training of health care providers, equipment and infrastructure and myths and misconceptions were perceived to limit uptake of immediate and early PPIUCD. Conclusion: The prevalence of immediate and early PPIUCD utilisation was very low. In-service training of health care workers and effective counseling of adolescents may correct the perceived myths and misconceptions thus increasing uptake of immediate and early PPIUCD. Keywords: Immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices; rapid repeat adolescent pregnancies; postpartum adolescents; key informants; Mbale City.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.28
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Effect of early sexual initiation on early high fertility, termination of
pregnancy and child death in Ethiopia using Ethiopian DHS 2000-2016
Authors: Girmatsion Fisseha Abreha, Abiodum O Ilesanmi, Adesina Oladokun, Araya Abrha Medhanyie
Pages: 265 - 272
Abstract: Background: Early sexual initiation is defined as an experience of first sexual intercourse before the age of 18 years. Young girls in sub-Saharan countries initiate sex at early age and are suffering from unintended pregnancy, and related sexual and reproductive health problems. Objectives: To assess the association of early sexual intercourse with early high birth rate, abortion and under-five child death among young girls in Ethiopia. Methods: This study used the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) data from 2000 to 2016. A total of 12,002 sexually active young women aged 15-24 years pool data were used. Binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between dependent (early sexual initiation) and independent variables and presented using adjusted odd ratio with 95% CI. Results: Young girls started sexual intercourse as early as 10 years. The young women with high birth rate [4.74, 95% CI (3.53-6.37)], those ever terminated pregnancy [1.77, 95% CI (1.25-2.52)], and had child death history [1.48, 95% CI (1.15-1.91)] were positively associated with early sexual intercourse. Conclusion: Early sexual initiation among young women is associated with early motherhood, high fertility, child death and poor reproductive health outcomes. Education program on contraceptives and condom accessibility are critical. Keywords: Early sexual intercourse; consequences; Ethiopia.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.29
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- The realities of adolescent sexual behaviours in Nigeria: a narrative
review
Authors: David Bamidele Olawade, Akinsola J Asaolu, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Fiyinfoluwa T Asaolu, Aderonke Odetayo, Aanuoluwapo Clement David-Olawade
Pages: 273 - 282
Abstract: Background: Adolescence is a critical period of development during which young people experience significant physical, cognitive, and social changes. Adolescent sexual behaviors can have significant consequences for their physical and mental health, as well as for their social and economic well-being. In Nigeria, the majority of adolescents have their sexual debut before the age of 18, and many do not have access to comprehensive sexuality education or sexual and reproductive health services. Objective: We conducted a narrative review to discuss how early adolescence, in conjunction with a variety of social and environmental variables, influences adolescents' risky sexual behaviours in Nigeria. Methods: A narrative review was conducted to explore the realities of adolescent sexual behaviors in Nigeria. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed Central using predetermined search terms. The articles were reviewed and analyzed and then the findings were discussed narratively. Results: Various factors, including sexual maturation, peer association, and environment play key roles in an adolescents’ drive toward a first sexual experience. Many adolescents participate in risky sexual activities that may impact their health and well-being. These risky sexual behaviours, such as early sexual debut, lack of or improper use of condoms, multiple sexual partners, put them at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as unintended adolescent pregnancy. Conclusion: Teenagers are momentarily endangered with various risky sexual behaviors as those who lack parental sex education are at greater risk. Hence, parent-child communication should be encouraged to curtail risky sexual habits among teenagers. Keywords: Sexual health; sexual behaviour; adolescent; young people; Nigeria.
PubDate: 2024-07-17
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.30
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- The realities of adolescent sexual behaviours in Nigeria: a narrative
review
Authors: David Bamidele Olawade, Akinsola J Asaolu, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Fiyinfoluwa T Asaolu, Aderonke Odetayo, Aanuoluwapo Clement David-Olawade
Pages: 273 - 282
Abstract: Background: Adolescence is a critical period of development during which young people experience significant physical, cognitive, and social changes. Adolescent sexual behaviors can have significant consequences for their physical and mental health, as well as for their social and economic well-being. In Nigeria, the majority of adolescents have their sexual debut before the age of 18, and many do not have access to comprehensive sexuality education or sexual and reproductive health services. Objective: We conducted a narrative review to discuss how early adolescence, in conjunction with a variety of social and environmental variables, influences adolescents' risky sexual behaviours in Nigeria. Methods: A narrative review was conducted to explore the realities of adolescent sexual behaviors in Nigeria. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed Central using predetermined search terms. The articles were reviewed and analyzed and then the findings were discussed narratively. Results: Various factors, including sexual maturation, peer association, and environment play key roles in an adolescents’ drive toward a first sexual experience. Many adolescents participate in risky sexual activities that may impact their health and well-being. These risky sexual behaviours, such as early sexual debut, lack of or improper use of condoms, multiple sexual partners, put them at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as unintended adolescent pregnancy. Conclusion: Teenagers are momentarily endangered with various risky sexual behaviors as those who lack parental sex education are at greater risk. Hence, parent-child communication should be encouraged to curtail risky sexual habits among teenagers. Keywords: Sexual health; sexual behaviour; adolescent; young people; Nigeria.
PubDate: 2024-07-17
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.30
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Prediction of preterm birth at St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor, Northern
Uganda: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Silvia Awor, Rosemary Byanyima, Benard Abola, Annettee Nakimuli, Christopher Orach, Paul Kiondo, Jasper Ogwal Okeng, Dan Kaye
Pages: 283 - 292
Abstract: Background: Preterm birth causes over 2% of perinatal mortality in Africa. Screening in prenatal clinics, may be used to identify women at risk. This study developed and validated second-trimester prediction models of preterm birth, using maternal socio-demographic characteristics, sonographic findings, and laboratory parameters in Northern Uganda. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited 1,000 pregnant mothers at 16 - 24 weeks, and assessed their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Preterm birth (delivery after 28 and before 37 weeks) was the primary study outcome. Multi-variable analyses were performed, built models in RStudio, and cross-vaidated them using K (10)-fold cross-validation. Results: The Incidence of preterm birth was 11.9% (90 out of 774). The predictors of preterm birth were multiple pregnancies, personal history of preeclampsia, history of previous preterm birth, diastolic hypertension, serum ALP<98IU, white blood cell count >11000 cells/μl, platelet lymphocyte ratio >71.38, serum urea of 11-45 IU. These predicted preterm birth by 69.5% AUC, with 62.4% accuracy, 77.2% sensitivity, and 47.1% specificity. Conclusion: Despite low specificity, these models predict up to 77.2% of those destined to have a preterm birth, and may be used for second-trimester preterm birth screening in low-resource clinics. Keywords: Prediction; second-trimester; preterm-birth; Uganda; Africa.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.31
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Prevalence and determinant factors of low birth weight in Marrakesh
province, Morocco: cross sectorial survey
Authors: Soufiane Elmoussaoui, Kamal Kaoutar, Ahmed Chetoui, Abdeslam El Kardoudi, Fatiha Chigr, Mounir Borrous, Mohamed Najimi
Pages: 293 - 301
Abstract: Background: Low Birth Weight (LBW) is considered as the marker of infant wellbeing and the fundamental focus of infant health policy. The objective of this survey was to determine the prevalence of LBW and its associated factors in term new borns. Methods: The data was collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with LBW. Results: Totally 350 mother–newborn pairs were participated in this study. Out of this, 16.7% of term neonates were found to be LBW. Of note, employed mothers, mothers having birth interval less or equal to two years, women with previous history of low birth weight and mothers living in passive smoking conditions at home during pregnancy were more likely to have low birth weight babies. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBW in our study could be considered as relatively high. It is recommended that special attention should be given to pregnant mothers to get adequate rest, attentional diet, and antenatal services available and accessible to all pregnant women. Keywords: Low birth weight; newborn; mothers; Marrakesh; Morocco.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.32
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Effect of breastfeeding and maternal characteristics on diarrhoea
morbidity among children aged 0-2 years in Namibia
Authors: Opeoluwa Oyedele
Pages: 302 - 317
Abstract: Background: Despite it being treatable and preventable, morbidity from diarrhoeal disease still remains one of the leading killers of young children in developing countries. Objectives: To examine the effect of breastfeeding and maternal characteristics on diarrhoea morbidity among 0-2 years old children in Namibia. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study design with a multivariable log-binomial model was used to examine the effect of breastfeeding and maternal characteristics on diarrhoea morbidity among 0-2 year old children from data collected from the 2013 NDHS. Results: Breastfeeding and maternal related characteristics such as breastfeeding status, sharing toilet facilities with other households, total children ever born, health insurance cover and main language spoken in home had lower risks on child diarrhoea morbidity, while characteristics such as type of place of residence, highest educational level, electricity & refrigerator in the household, religion, wealth index, type of mosquito bed net(s) slept under last night, mother's age at first birth, current age of child, child’s residency and drugs taken for intestinal parasites in last 6 months had higher risks and region had mixed risks. Conclusions: Since studies have shown that the possibility of reducing the risk of morbidity related to diarrhoeal infections in children requires well-informed parents, all relevant organizations and governmental ministries that deals with health services and children’s well-being should make use of mass media like radio and television to constantly spread consistent messages on breastfeeding and advocate for better implementation of sanitation and hygiene practices among mothers with children aged 0-2 years, especially in rural and poorest areas of the Kavangos (East/West) and Caprivi/Zambezi regions. Keywords: Breastfeeding; diarrhoea; log-binomial model; maternal characteristics; child diarrhoea morbidity; Namibia.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.33
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Perception of spousal involvement in breastfeeding among women attending
infant welfare clinic in a private Tertiary Health Institution in Ogun
State, Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Sodeinde, Olufunmilola Abolurin, Olaitan Adeyoola, Idongesit Ekpo, Ashley Eto-Ihekwaba, Anuoluwapo Mabogunje, Ginikachukwu Ogbuehi, Ifeanyichukwu Ogbuiyi-chima, Tolulope Ogunsanya
Pages: 318 - 327
Abstract: Background: Men’s support improve breastfeeding practices. However, male involvement in breastfeeding practices is low, particularly in middle-and-low-income countries. Objective: This study assessed the perception of spousal involvement in breastfeeding among women attending infant welfare clinic in a private tertiary hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted among 330 mothers. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Version 22. Spousal involvement was assessed through the report of engagements of their husbands in 9 different activities. Those who participated in at least 5 and fewer than 5 activities were regarded as good and poor involvements respectively. Data were summarized using mean and standard deviation. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with perceived male involvement. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: Mean age of participants was 32.3±6.5 years. Most (88.2%) of them reported that their husbands were involved in decision-making concerning breastfeeding. Women with monogamous relationships, who had tertiary education, and who were Christians were more likely to report good spousal involvement in breastfeeding. Conclusion: Educated women in monogamous relationships were better supported by their spouses. There is need for women’s education and general empowerment to ensure better breastfeeding practices. Keywords: Spousal involvement; breastfeeding; infant welfare clinic; Ogun State; Nigeria.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.34
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- A National survey describing the quality of care in Paediatric Emergency
Departments of Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria
Authors: Callistus OA Enyuma, Abdullah E Laher, Muhammed Moolla, Motara Feroza, Gbenga Olorunfemi
Pages: 328 - 347
Abstract: Introduction: The outcome of paediatric emergency care is essential to the attainment of child-targeted sustainable development goals. We assessed the quality of paediatric emergency care among 34 tertiary Paediatric Emergency Departments (PED) in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional process audit of recruited 34 PEDs in Nigeria. A paper questionnaire developed from the validated AAP/IFEM Guidelines for Care of Children in the ED was used to collect information on the PED settings, the processes of care and measurable patient outcome. Association between the regions, hospital volume category and other institutional attributes was conducted using chi-square, Results: The median (IQR) of paediatric visits and admissions to PEDs were 187.5 (120 - 300) and 107.5 (67 - 131) respectively. Over two-thirds (73.6 %,) of the PEDs had no set target Time-To-Physician consultation and the median (IQR) Length-of-Hospital Stay was 48 (0-72) hours.
The majority of centres (90%) had patient safety tools but point-of-care-diagnostics (POCDs) were grossly deficient (23.5%). The mean protocol utilization score was 8.7 out of a maximum score of 34.
The national crude death rate was 33.8 per 1000 children and there was no statistically significant relationship between the crude death rate and volume of hospital visits, (p-value=0.45) or geopolitical zones (p-value = 0.68). Conclusion: There was nationwide poor protocol utilization and non-availability of POCDs coupled with a high mortality rate at the PEDs. Development and utilization of locally relevant protocols and improvement in the availability of POCDs are essential. Keywords: Paediatrics; Emergency Department; Nigeria; quality of care; National survey.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.35
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Causes, management outcome, and associated factors in patients admitted
with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction to Ambo University Referral
Hospital: a 3-year retrospective chart review
Authors: Erko Beyene, Meti Negassa
Pages: 348 - 364
Abstract: Background: Intestinal obstruction is a major cause of surgical admissions in African countries. In this study, we assessed the causes, management outcome and associated factors among patients admitted with the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction to AURH. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients admitted to AURH with the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction from September 2017G.C. to August 2020G.C. Results: Sigmoid volvulus and Adhesions were the most common causes of large bowel obstruction and small bowel obstruction, respectively accounting for 85.4% and 37.3% of cases. 203(69.3%) patients were managed operatively among which 70(23.9%) had unfavorable outcome. The mortality rate of intestinal obstruction in our study population was 5.5%. Factors which had significant association with management outcome were length of hospital stay, history of abdominal surgery and history of intestinal obstruction. Conclusion: The most common causes of intestinal obstruction in our study population were similar to the one’s implicated in other studies done in the low-income countries. There is relatively high rate of unfavorable outcome which calls for further investigation as to why this is occurring. We recommend also interventions to be implemented to reduce the causes of morbidity and mortality related to intestinal obstruction found in this study. Keywords: Intestinal obstruction; management outcome; causes of intestinal obstruction.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.36
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Clinicopathological spectrum and outcome of appendicectomy at a South
African tertiary hospital: continuing impact of delayed presentation
Authors: Simelane PB, Kader SS, Madiba TE
Pages: 365 - 374
Abstract: Introduction: Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Aim: To describe the clinicopathological spectrum and outcome of appendicitis in our setting. Methods: Retrospective descriptive chart review of patients undergoing surgery for appendicitis over two study periods (Group A: 2010-2012 and Group B: 2016-2018). Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, operative findings and outcome. Results: There were 229 patients in Group A [median age 24 (IQR 18-32) years] and 145 in Group B [median age 28 (IQR 20-36) years]. Median pre-hospital delay was 3 days for Group A 3 (IQR 2-4) and 1 day for Group B 1 (IQR 1-2). Complicated appendicitis occurred in 69 (30.1%) and 37 (25.5%) patients in Group A and B respectively. Post-operative complication rate was 18.3% and 8.3 % in Groups A and B respectively. Postoperative mortality in Group A was 3.5% and 2 1% for Group B. Delay in presentation was associated with increased complicated appendicitis. Conclusion: Complicated appendicitis was seen in one third of the patients in both groups. Delay in presentation persists in our setting and it is associated with complicated appendicitis, which carries an increased morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Appendicitis; complicated appendicitis; treatment outcomes.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.37
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Morphology and morphometry of the transverse foramina of cervical
vertebrae in an adult Kenyan population: a radiological study
Authors: Khulud Nurani, Pamela M Idenya, James Kigera, Philip M Mwachaka
Pages: 375 - 383
Abstract: Background: Transverse foramina are canals in cervical transverse processes transmitting the vertebral vessels and the accompanying sympathetic plexus. These foramina exhibit side, sex and population specific variations such as those of size, shape and number. Knowledge of these variations is important for cervical surgical procedures and prediction of vertebral artery variations. Objective: To describe the morphology and morphometry of cervical transverse foramina in an adult Kenyan population. Methods: Ninety-four neck CT scan images of 2 mm slice thickness in axial view were used to assess presence, number, completeness and shape of transverse foramina. Antero-posterior and transverse lengths were measured using NeusoftTM software. Paired and independent t-tests were used to compare morphometric parameters for side and sex respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to determine differences in foramina down the cervical spine. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Transverse foramina had a prevalence of 98.78% with 3.64% being duplicated. They were identified as type 1 (circular), type 2 (elongated antero-posteriorly), type 3 (elongated transversely), type 4 (oblique left-right elongation) and type 5 (oblique right-left elongation) in 69.62%, 3.62%, 13.38%, 7.23% and 6.15% respectively. 0.46% foramina were incomplete and 3.19% constricted. Diameters on the right were larger than left. C1 foramina were the largest and C7 smallest. The diameters decreased from C2 to C3 then increased to C6. Conclusion: Transverse foramina display side and level dependent variations. This is of clinical importance to spine surgeons to prevent intraoperative damage of vertebral vessels when operating in the cervical region. Keywords: Morphology and morphometry; transverse foramina; cervical vertebrae; in Kenyan Population; a radiological study.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.38
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Motives and consequences of musculoskeletal injuries management at
traditional bone setting centers rather than hospital orthopedic
departments in Khartoum, Sudan 2020
Authors: Hatim Hamad, Dina Omer, Rana Abdelnabi, Abrar Abdelgaleel
Pages: 384 - 394
Abstract: Background: Traditional bone setter (TBS) is a traditional practitioner of joint manipulation who lack proper training and formal education, therefore many complications and fracture morbidity has been reported in relation to TBS malpractice. Material and methodos: The goal of this study was to determine the motives and subsequent complications of seeking TBS rather than orthopedic doctors even though patients should seek urgent proper medical care. Data of this study has been drawn from observational descriptive cross-sectional combined hospitals and community based, multicenter study in Sudan. Results: (55.3%) of participants were at TBS centers and (44.7%) were at hospitals for a variety of reasons; (66.7%) of total participants have utilized TBS services as either 1st or 2nd intervention before or following hospital management and complications were reported in (22.3%) of total participants utilizing TBS services. Conclusion: The number of patients seeking TBS centers exceeded the number of patients seeking hospitals for musculoskeletal injuries management. Finally there was no association between the educational level, socioeconomic status and the first action taken By patient toward their injuries. Keywords: Traditional bone setter; complications; Orthopedics.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.39
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Incidence of work-related musculoskeletal pain among Primary Health-care
Providers
Authors: Mubushara Afzal, Amna Khan, Sumaira Farooqui
Pages: 395 - 404
Abstract: Background: Work related musculoskeletal pain is majorly responsible for decrease in the productivity of occupational work. It is an important work-related problem which is affecting the industrious and effective output of the work. The causes of work-related musculoskeletal pain are complex mesh of interrelated factors that exert their influence simultaneously. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of work- related musculoskeletal pain along with its associated factors amongst the obstetrics and gynecologist (OB/GYN) using a self-designed questionnaire. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey comprising of 196 obstetricians and gynecologists working in different public and private selected clinical settings. To gather data, self-designed questionnaire was used within a period of 4 weeks. Results: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain was seen in 171 (87.2%) out of 196 subjects, in at least one region and 25 (12.8%) subjects reported no musculoskeletal pain. The symptoms were majorly seen in lower back (59.2%) and leg (37.8%), also neck (27.8%), shoulder (26.0%), arm (12.8%), mid back (16.8) and upper back (9.2%). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that work-related musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent in obstetrics and gynecologists, and it has a great impact on their daily lives. Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain; obstetrics and gynecology; posture.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.40
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Predictors of medical cost and Length of stay of motorcycle injury
patients presenting to hospitals in Kisumu City, Kenya
Authors: Wilberforce Cholo, Wilson Odero, Japheths Ogendi
Pages: 405 - 419
Abstract: Background: Motorcycle crash injuries (MCIs) cause mortality and exert financial cost, globally. However, there is paucity of information on cost and length of stay of motorcycle injuries. Objective: To assess factors influencing medical costs and length of stay (LOS) of motorcycle crash injuries presenting in hospitals in Kisumu city, Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which all 1073 motorcycle injury cases were enrolled over a period of six months. A pre-tested, questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), logistic regression and multivariable regression analysis. P-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: A total of 1073 motorcycle injury visits were made to the hospitals during the study period of which 46.0% were admitted. The total medical cost for motorcycle injury patients was Kshs. 19, 134,877 (USD 191348.77). The mean LOS was 19.8 days (1-235 days). Injuries requiring surgical intervention, higher injury severity score, and helmet non-use were significantly associated with higher medical cost and length of stay. Conclusion: Motorcycle injuries are a major cause of hospital use and present significant economic burden. Surgical intervention, injury severity and non-helmet use were the major predictors of length of stay and medical costs. Keywords: Motorcycle injuries; length of stay; cost; predictors; severity.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.41
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Exercise tolerance and fatigue response to aerobic versus resisted
exercise among hemodialysis patients
Authors: Shehab M Abd E-Kader, Neveen Refaey, Afnan M AlKhateeb, Saad S AlFawaz, Ziyad A Neamatallah, Umar M Alabasi, Amer Alsaif, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh, Salwa R El-Gendy, Mohamed F El- Banna, Heba Embaby, Fatma A Hegazy, Rasha M Hegazy, Khaled M Mounir, Saif Mehmed, Mohamed Y Abdelsamee, Ahmed M Aboeleneen
Pages: 420 - 426
Abstract: Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients usually suffer from exercise intolerance. However, exercise training improves their exercise tolerance and quality of life. Objective: This study was designed to compare the effects of aerobic and resisted exercise on exercise tolerance and fatigue response in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Fifty-six sedentary patients with CKD were recruited from the dialysis unit of the King Abdulaziz University Teaching Hospital (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Participants were allocated randomly into two study groups; group (A) received intradialytic aerobic exercise training on cycle ergometers. However, group (B) received intradialytic resisted exercise training for six months. Results: There was a 30.05 % reduction in mean values of MFI total score and 32.04 % and 32.13 % increase in mean values of hand grip strength and six-minute walking test respectively in group (A). While, there was a 16.78 % reduction in mean values of MFI total score and 17.35 % and 16.20 % increase in mean values of hand grip strength and six-minute walking test respectively in group (B). In addition, the differences between both groups were significant at the end of the study. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise alleviates fatigue and improves exercise tolerance more effective than resistance exercise among hemodialysis patients. Keywords: Aerobic exercise; exercise tolerance; fatigue; hemodialysis; resistance exercise.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.42
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Trends, causes and outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) among children
attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu
Authors: Henrietta U Okafor, Ngozi Mbanefo, Vivian Muoneke, Israel O Odetunde, Samuel N Uwaezuoke, Grace Agu, Edmund N Ossai, Josephat M Chinawa
Pages: 427 - 436
Abstract: Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in children is increasingly being recognized as a major problem in resource poor countries like Nigeria. In our own setting where resources for renal replacement therapy are limited, it becomes expedient to identify the cases early, ascertain the common causes and challenges in management. This will inform early interventions and strategies for prevention. Objectives: This study sought to describe the trends,causes and outcomes in the management of AKI among children attending pediatric nephrology unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross- sectional study whereby case folder of children with discharge diagnosis of AKI seen in the pediatric nephrology unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital in Southeast Nigeria. Results: 51 case folders fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The age range was 0.8-16 with a mean of 5.3±4.6. There was male predominance with M:F ratio of 2.2:1.The commonest presenting feature was fever (78.4%). Majority (82.9%) came in with greater than and equal to stage 2 AKI (KDIGO) , with mean creatinine value of 494.6±367.44 μmmol. Sepsis and malaria were common associated diagnoses. Eight patients (11.8%) were dialyzed and mortality was 3.9%. Conclusion: Febrile illnesses such as malaria and sepsis are the commonest cause of AKI in this study and this occurs between the ages of 1 and 9 years. Few of these children with AKI benefited form dialysis. Mortality is low and outcome in this study seems good Keywords: Children; AKI; renal replacement therapy; prevention.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.43
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- The impact of introducing The impact of introducing diagnostic and
therapeutic upper endoscopy in an ambulatory Surgery Center in Rural
Eastern Uganda diagnostic and therapeutic upper endoscopy in an ambulatory
Surgery Center in Rural Eastern Uganda
Authors: Marnie Abeshouse Marnie Abeshouse, Linda Zhang, Callie Horn, Allen T Yu, Moses Binoga Bakaleke, Angellica Giibwa, Daniel Haik B, Michael L Marin, Jerome D Waye, Joseph Okello Damoi
Pages: 437 - 444
Abstract: Background: The availability of upper endoscopy (UE) is limited in many rural low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Few studies have evaluated use of elective endoscopies to address esophago-gastric diseases in remote Eastern Uganda. Objective: This research assesses the impact of introducing UE on diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases endemic to the area. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross sectional, single center study evaluating patients who received elective UE from Kyabirwa Surgical Center in rural Eastern Uganda, between 2020 to 2022. Primary outcome variables were presenting symptoms, endoscopic diagnoses and respective treatments. Results: 350 endoscopies were performed for 333 patients, (1:1 male-to-female ratio, average age 48). Abnormalities were found on endoscopy in 73% of patients, revealing diagnoses of esophageal cancer (16.4%, N=64), gastritis (16.7%, N=65), hiatal hernia (8.7%, N=34), esophagitis (7.4%, N=29), ulcer (6.2%, N=24), and candidiasis (5.1%, N=20). Most patients presented with epigastric pain alone (40%, N=133) or dysphagia (39%, N=130). 51% of patients with dysphagia had esophageal cancer on endoscopy, of which 28.1% had an interval palliative stent placed. Conclusions: The introduction of UE into a rural LMICs is possible and can verify baseline prevalence of endemic upper gastrointestinal diseases. Confirmation of diagnosis by endoscopy can direct medical management and interventional therapy. Keywords: Diagnostic and therapeutic upper endoscopy; ambulatory surgery center; rural Eastern Uganda.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.44
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Evaluating the knowledge, practice and experience about management of
Parkinson’s Disease among physiotherapists in Ghana: a cross-sectional
survey
Authors: Mary Agoriwo
Pages: 445 - 457
Abstract: Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents with numerous functional disabilities which require specific expertise for effective management. Objective: To describe the level of PD-specific expertise among physiotherapists (PTs) in Ghana and establish the association between the level of expertise, practice duration and number of persons with PD treated annually. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PTs. A 25-item questionnaire was validated, piloted and distributed to PTs during an annual general meeting. Microsoft Excel 2016 and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to perform descriptive statistical analysis and test for association respectively. Results: There was a 70% (n=42/60) response rate. Overall, 50%-90% of the participating PTs had limited knowledge about the cardinal motor signs, non-motor symptoms, motor complications of PD and setting of treatment goals. There was no significant association between participants’ level of PD-Specific expertise and practice duration and number of persons with PD treated annually. Conclusion: The PTs exhibited inadequate knowledge about PD and its management. This limitation was not influenced by PTs practice duration or number of persons with PD treated annually. The immediate need for PD-specific training for PTs in Ghana is crucial to enhance PTs’ expertise in the management of persons with PD. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; physiotherapy; professional knowledge.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.45
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
- Nurses' knowledge and attitude towards palliative care in Northcentral
Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tigabu Munye Aytenew, Netsanet Ejigu, Melese Kebede, Tekalign Amera, Amare Simegn, Tadila Dires, Demewoz Kefale, Solomon Demis, Gebrie Kassaw, Berihun Bantie
Pages: 458 - 465
Abstract: Background: Due to limited development of palliative care practice in Africa, many patients have not yet received formal palliative care. However, there were limited studies conducted among nurses assessing their knowledge and attitude towards palliative care in Ethiopia. Objective: The study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards palliative care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a total of 402 were included in the study. A structured and pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the outcome variables. Finally, the association was declared using AOR at a 95% CI at p ≤0.05. Results: Of the total respondents, 216 (55.81%) were women. This study finding revealed that 304 (78.55%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge, and 273 (70.54%) had unfavourable attitude towards palliative care. Educational level (AOR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.39, 4.89) and work experience (AOR=5.86, 95%CI:1.27, 26.92) were significantly associated with knowledge and attitude towards palliative care. Conclusions: This study finding showed that educational level and years of work experience showed a significant association with nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards palliative care. The concerned bodies and stake holders shall work together to enhance the nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards palliative care. Keywords: Knowledge; attitude; palliative care; nurses.
PubDate: 2024-07-11
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.46
Issue No: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)
