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Salud & Sociedad: investigaciones en psicologia de la salud y psicologia social
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 0718-7475
Published by PePSIC

[49 journals]

Stigma and hiv/aids in puerto rico: taína case
- Abstract: Introducción: Cuando una figura pública revela que es VIH positivo se genera una gran cobertura noticiosa. La Internet y las redes sociales han creado una nueva forma de interacción entre las personas usuarias y las noticias, ya que pueden comentar. Este fue el caso de las noticias relacionadas con la divulgación del estatus de la ex modelo Noris Díaz, conocida como la Taína. Objetivo: Analizar las narrativas estigmatizantes en los comentarios que los/as cibernautas hicieron en noticias publicadas desde que Taína divulgó su estatus seropositivo. Método: Se analizaron comentarios de noticias online de tres periódicos; perfiles de Facebook de dos de estos periódicos y un canal de TV; y tres programas de TV colgados en You Tube. Resultados: A través del análisis de discurso identificamos dimensiones estigmatizantes vinculadas a construcciones culturales y religiosas negativas sobre el VIH/SIDA. Algunas dimensiones giran en torno a considerar que la enfermedad es un castigo; juzgar estilos de vida que se consideran inmorales y la peligrosidad de las personas con el VIH/SIDA. Conclusión: Los resultados revelan cuán imbricado está el estigma en la población y la urgente necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones, que incluyan la Internet y las redes sociales, para reducirlo.Introduction: When a public figure reveals that a HIV positive news coverage generated. The Internet and social media have created a new form of interaction between the users and the news, as they can comment. This was the case related to the disclosure of the status of the former model Noris Díaz, known as the Taíno news. Objective: To analyze the narratives stigmatizing comments that/as netizens made in published since Taína reported its status seropositive news. Method: online news comments three newspapers were analyzed; Facebook profiles of these two newspapers and a TV channel; and three TV programs hanging on You Tube. Results: Through discourse analysis identified stigmatizing dimensions linked to negative cultural and religious buildings on HIV/AIDS. Some dimensions revolve around it that the illness is a punishment; Judging lifestyles that are considered immoral and dangerous for people with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: The results show how stigma is imbricated in the population and the urgent need to develop interventions, including the Internet and social networks, to reduce it.
The public disease
- Abstract: En este ensayo se conceptualiza sobre la problemática de la enfermedad pública, caracterizándola a través de la historia así como también las posibles causas de su invisibilidad en el ámbito científico, profesional y político. Su etiología, las vías por las cuales se desarrolla y los actores que inciden en los procesos que la generan son descriptos a modo de suscitar reflexiones y futuras investigaciones empíricas. El principal objetivo es incorporar esta temática, tan esencial, al desentramado del real estado de salud y enfermedad de los grupos humanos y sus etiologías, haciendo evidente el rol activo de los poderes del Estado y ciertos actores del ámbito empresario.In this assay we conceptualize on the problematic of the public disease, characterizing it through story as well as the possible causes of its invisibility in science, professional and policy fields. Its etiology, the ways in which it develops and the actors involved in that process are described in order to stimulate future reflections and empirical researches. The main goal is to incorporate this issue, so essential to the unraveling of the real state of the health and disease of human groups and its etiologies, clarifying the active role-played by State powers and certain actors from the corporative environment.
Risk factors and protective factors associated with the consumption of
alcohol in children and adolescents
- Abstract: Objetivo: En la presente investigación se exploró y describió en niños y adolescentes de escuelas públicas y privadas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), sobre el desarrollo de comportamientos y hábitos de consumo de alcohol. Se indagó sobre los factores de riesgo y los factores protectores que pueden incidir en el inicio del consumo y la consecuente modalidad de ingesta de alcohol. Además, se buscó detectar las actitudes que posicionan al púber con respecto al alcohol, examinando la estructura de opiniones y creencias con respecto a esta sustancia. Método: La investigación se desarrolló en dos fases. En la primera se administró un cuestionario que fue elaborado para evaluar el comportamiento de consumo de alcohol, el mismo constó de cinco preguntas que indagaron sobre consumo familiar, consumo de pares, el propio consumo del niño y/o adolescente, la frecuencia de consumo y la cantidad de bebidas ingeridas en cada ocasión de consumo. En la segunda se llevaron a cabo 24 grupos focales teniendo en cuenta las variables: edad, sexo y los valores obtenidos en el cuestionario sobre comportamiento de consumo de alcohol. Resultados: Los resultados muestran como principales factores de riesgo para el inicio del consumo de alcohol en niños y adolescentes, el consumo parental y el del grupo de pares. Como factores protectores se hallaron el apoyo social, el monitoreo parental y la adecuada comunicación e interacción entre la díada padre-hijo. Conclusión: Se espera que a partir de esta investigación se pueda profundizar en el conocimiento de esta problemática con el objetivo de ayudar a repensar las estrategias de acción y/o políticas públicas.Objective: The purpose of the present research was to explore and describe in children and adolescents in public and private schools of Buenos Aires (Argentina), on the development of behaviors and habits of alcohol consumption. In addition were explored the risk and protective factors that can affect the onset of consumption and the consistent form of alcohol intake. In addition, were detected attitudes that place to the pubescent with regard to alcohol, by examining the structure of opinions and beliefs in regard to this substance. It has been explored and described the way in which these factors have an impact in the consumption of alcohol. Method: The research consisted of two phases. In the first, one questionnaire was administered which evaluated the behavior with regard to alcohol. This questionnaire included five questions that asked about: family consumption of alcohol, consumption of pairs and their one consumption of alcohol, apart from the frequency of consumption and quantity. In the second stage 24 focus groups were performed. Results: The results showed as major risk factors for the onset of drinking in children and adolescents, the parental consumption and peer group. As protective factors were found: social support, parental monitoring and adequate communication and interaction between the parent-child dyad. Conclusion: It is expected that from this research to deepen understanding of this problem in order to help rethink strategies of action and/or public policy.
The subjective well-being measure in physically Active and non-active
adolescents
- Abstract: Introdução: A dinâmica tecnológica e social na sociedade sugere as inúmeras áreas da ciência um desenvolvimento de recursos humanos para que as pessoas tenham longevidade e qualidade de vida e busquem um bem-estar em suas vidas. Com isso, o bem-estar é destaque nas pesquisas sobre a realização e frequencia da atividade física no cotidiano da saúde das pessoas. Objetivo: verificar a estrutura fatorial da escala de bem-estar subjetivo (MUNSH) em adolescentes brasileiros ativos e nao ativos fisicamente. Método: Participaram 1864 adolescentes de 12 a 20 anos de idade, residentes em uma no norte do estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil. Estes responderam o inventário de bem estar subjetivo, questões referentes a prática e freqüência de atividade física e sócio-demografia. Resultados: Através de uma análise fatorial confirmatória, no pacote estatístico AMOS, a estrutura fatorial da escala revelou indicadores psicométricos que estiveram próximos aos exigidos pela literatura estatística sobre modelagem estrutural. Conclusão: MUNNSH evidencia uma excelente robustez na fatorialidade para os jovens que fazem atividades físicas e tem maior freqüência semanal nas atividades.Modern society's technological and social dynamics have brought with them a need in many scientific areas for research on personal development so that as people live longer, they may do so with better quality of life. One factor of well-being which has received much attention is the impact of physical activity and the frequency thereof on people's daily lives. The objective of the current study is therefore to determine the factorial structure of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) in physically active and non-active Brazilian adolescents. Subjects were 1864 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 30. All resided in the northern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. They answered the subjective well-being inventory which included questions regarding the practice and frequency of physical activity and socio-demographic data. These data were analyzed by a confirmatory factor analysis using the statistical software package AMOS. The analysis found that the adjustment indicators of the factorial structure of the scale were similar to those applied in the structural modeling literature. The conclusion is that MUNSH demonstrates robustness of the factorial structure in adolescents who engage in physical activity and those who do so with greater frequency per week.
The repeated criminal behavior in adolescents and its relation to the
social representations about the role of their mothers
- Abstract: Introducción: La reiterancia es aquella conducta transgresora de la ley repetida en más de dos oportunidades en la que no se produjo condena por ninguna de las infracciones, en función de que quien las comete es menor de edad, es decir menor de 18 años. Las trasgresiones se registran en el micro legajo que obra en Comisaría del Menor donde se labran las actuaciones administrativas, o en los expedientes de los Juzgados Penales de Menores lo que no es considerado como "prontuario delictivo". Objetivo: Se busca relacionar la representación social del rol parental con la conducta delictiva como pauta y la posible historia de vulneración de derechos de los jóvenes reiterantes. Método: Se trabajó con la casuística registrada en la Comisaría del Menor, cotejada con los ingresos en el Sistema Penal Juvenil, durante los últimos seis meses del año 2012. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Test de Evocaciones Jerarquizadas (Abric 2001, Mazitelli 2007 y Gonzalez, 2010), la Escala de Competencias Parentales Percibidas (adaptada) (Bayot, Hernandez Viadel y Julian L.F., 2005), más una entrevista focalizada a expertos y el estudio de legajos institucionales. Resultados: el rol parental de los adolescentes reiterantes se basó en una representación social idealizada, que destaca afectos positivos que no son palpables en el ejercicio concreto de la parentalidad. A su vez los jóvenes padecieron en su historia vital grave, continua y simultánea vulneración de derechos básicos. Conclusión: Las madres de los adolescentes infractores estudiadas, adhieren a una representación social afectiva, positiva de la parentalidad, expresan disfunción en el ejercicio concreto, incompetencias en las tareas normativas y suplen las carencias con sustitutos institucionales de manera parcial. La disfunción parental se agrega a la vulneración de derechos continua en la vida de los adolescentes.Introduction: reiterancia is that transgressive behavior repeated law in more than two occasions in which there was no conviction for any offenses , according to the party who commits a minor , ie under 18 . The transgressions are recorded in the micro file that works in Precinct Menor where administrative proceedings are worked , or in the records of the Criminal Courts Juvenile what is not considered " criminal record " . Objective: The aim is to relate the social representation of the parental role in the criminal conduct as a guideline and possible history of violations of rights of young people returning . Method: . Worked with casuistry registered at the police station Minor , collated with revenues in the Juvenile System , for the last six months of 2012 The instruments used were the Test of Nested Evocations ( Abric 2001 Mazitelli 2007 and Gonzalez , 2010) , the Scale of Perceived Parental Competencies (adapted ) ( Bayot Hernandez Viadel and Julian LF, 2005 ), plus a focused interview experts and studying institutional bundles. Results: The parental role of returning adolescents was based on an idealized social representation that highlights positive affects that are not evident in the practical exercise of parenthood . In turn young people suffered in his grave , continuous and simultaneous violation of basic rights vital history. Conclusion : Mothers of young offenders studied , adhere to a loving , positive social representation Parents express dysfunction in the concrete exercise , incompetence in policy work and compensate the lack institutional substitutes partially. The parental dysfunction is added to the violation continuing rights in the lives of adolescents.
Quality of life and coping of cancer and aids patients in paraguay
- Abstract: Introducción: en Paraguay existen pocas investigaciones que contribuyan en los procesos de diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer y SIDA. Objetivo: explorar y describir las estrategias de Afrontamiento y la percepción sobre Calidad de Vida y Salud de pacientes con Cáncer y Sida. Método: se recolectaron datos de 10 pacientes con Cáncer y 4 con SIDA a través del Inventario de Calidad de Vida y Salud - INCAVISA (Riveros, Sánchez-Sosa y Del Águila, 2009), el CRI-A (Moos y Moos, 1993), además de una entrevista cualitativa semi-estructurada. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes afronta el proceso de su enfermedad con estrategias de aproximación. Es notoria la diferencia entre los que están hospitalizados y los que llevan el tratamiento ambulatorio, donde estos últimos presentan una percepción y calificación más favorable de su Calidad de Vida. Conclusión: El estudio cualitativo mostró que el estilo de afrontamiento ha sido considerado como un factor mediador importante con relación a la adaptación a la enfermedad, son las estrategias de aproximación las que podrían, incluso, favorecer la valoración de Calidad de Vida.Introduction: In Paraguay there is little research that contributes to the processes of diagnosis and treatment of cancer and AIDS. Objective: To explore and describe the coping strategies and perceptions of quality of life and health of patients with cancer and AIDS. Method: Data from 10 patients with cancer and 4 with AIDS were collected through Inventory Quality of Life and Health - INCAVISA (Riveros, Sanchez -Sosa y Del Aguila, 2009), the CRI-A (Moos and Moos, 1993), along with a semistructured qualitative interview. Results: Most patients facing the disease process approach strategies. It is noticeable the difference between those who are hospitalized and outpatient treatment leading, where the latter have a more favorable perception and rated quality of life. Conclusion: The qualitative study showed that coping style has been regarded as an important mediating factor in relation to adaptation to the disease, are the strategies approach that might even encourage the assessment of Quality of Life.
Paraguay: violations of human rights to transitional justice
- Abstract: Objetivo: Se analiza el impacto de las violaciones a los derechos humanos cometidas durante la dictadura de Stroessner (1954-1989) en Paraguay. Método: Se obtienen datos de 400 participantes residentes en las zonas más afectadas por la represión paraguaya. Se evaluó el impacto emocional, los efectos sobre la participación social y la percepción de la población sobre las medidas transicionales implementadas. Resultados: se desprende que este periodo, de gran impacto en las zonas rurales, evoca emociones negativas, acompañadas una alta necesidad de conversar socialmente sobre lo ocurrido en dicho período. También se constata una alta percepción de que las víctimas no lograrán perdonar a los responsables de la violencia. Conclusión: La población conoce y valora positivamente las medidas que se han adoptado en relación al pasado, aunque percibe negativamente el clima emocional del país. Este clima social se asocia a un menor deseo de alcanzar la reconciliación, que asciende entre quienes conocen y consideran sinceras y eficaces las disculpas pronunciadas por Lugo. La participación en audiencias públicas se asocia a mayor participación comunitaria, aunque también a mayor emocionalidad negativa.Objective: The impact of human rights violations committed in Paraguay during the Stroessner dictatorship (1954-1989) was analyzed. Method: Data were obtained from 400 participants living in the areas most affected by repression. The emotional impact was assessed, as were the impact on social participation and the perception of the public regarding the transitional measures, which were implemented. Results: It is shown that this period, which had great impact in rural areas, evokes negative emotions which are accompanied by a strong need for social conversation about what happened during that time. Also observed is a strong perception that victims will not succeed in forgiving those responsible for the violence. Conclusion: The population knows and attaches positive value to the measures taken in relation to the past, but negatively perceives the emotional climate of the country. This social climate is associated with a lessened desire to achieve reconciliation, which rises among those who are aware of the apologies given by Lugo and believe them to be sincere. Participation in public hearings is associated with greater community participation, but also with high negative emotionality.
Clinical case studies: contributions to the psychology in Puerto
Rico
- Abstract: Objetivo: Se analiza el impacto de las violaciones a los derechos humanos cometidas durante la dictadura de Stroessner (1954-1989) en Paraguay. Método: Se obtienen datos de 400 participantes residentes en las zonas más afectadas por la represión paraguaya. Se evaluó el impacto emocional, los efectos sobre la participación social y la percepción de la población sobre las medidas transicionales implementadas. Resultados: se desprende que este periodo, de gran impacto en las zonas rurales, evoca emociones negativas, acompañadas una alta necesidad de conversar socialmente sobre lo ocurrido en dicho período. También se constata una alta percepción de que las víctimas no lograrán perdonar a los responsables de la violencia. Conclusión: La población conoce y valora positivamente las medidas que se han adoptado en relación al pasado, aunque percibe negativamente el clima emocional del país. Este clima social se asocia a un menor deseo de alcanzar la reconciliación, que asciende entre quienes conocen y consideran sinceras y eficaces las disculpas pronunciadas por Lugo. La participación en audiencias públicas se asocia a mayor participación comunitaria, aunque también a mayor emocionalidad negativa.Objective: The impact of human rights violations committed in Paraguay during the Stroessner dictatorship (1954-1989) was analyzed. Method: Data were obtained from 400 participants living in the areas most affected by repression. The emotional impact was assessed, as were the impact on social participation and the perception of the public regarding the transitional measures, which were implemented. Results: It is shown that this period, which had great impact in rural areas, evokes negative emotions which are accompanied by a strong need for social conversation about what happened during that time. Also observed is a strong perception that victims will not succeed in forgiving those responsible for the violence. Conclusion: The population knows and attaches positive value to the measures taken in relation to the past, but negatively perceives the emotional climate of the country. This social climate is associated with a lessened desire to achieve reconciliation, which rises among those who are aware of the apologies given by Lugo and believe them to be sincere. Participation in public hearings is associated with greater community participation, but also with high negative emotionality.