Authors:Ngo Um Esther Abstract: It is with immense pleasure that we announce the 3rd Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University of Yaoundé I, under the theme: 'Cancer at All Stages of Life: Let's Talk About It!', to be held from February 4-5, 2025. This congress primarily brings together experts from our institution's departments to discuss the latest scientific, clinical, and therapeutic advances in cancer care across all age groups. We aspire to make this event a landmark occasion, worthy of the dedication and expectations of all healthcare professionals and researchers committed to this disease. Cancer is a complex and multifaceted pathology affecting individuals at every life stage. This conference provides us the opportunity to comprehensively address issues related to prevention, diagnosis, innovative treatments, and supportive care. From pediatrics to geriatrics, each life phase demands specific approaches and tailored solutions. Accordingly, we have structured this congress into five major thematic sessions, highlighting recent advances in managing both common and rare cancers, including precision therapies, pain management, and complementary approaches. We have also incorporated a strong social and educational dimension by inviting not only researchers and clinicians but also students and medical staff, aiming to stimulate collective dialogue and reflection. Alongside plenary lectures, free paper sessions will be organized to facilitate immersion in cutting-edge oncology techniques and practices. With representation from all 19 of our departments, and numerous researchers and students contributing to the discussions, we hope this congress will become a fertile ground for knowledge exchange, innovation, and future collaborations to enhance cancer patient care and strengthen research impact in this field. We wish all participants a rewarding scientific and human experience during these two days. Welcome, dear colleagues, students, and partners, to what we hope will be a transformative event in Cameroon's approach to cancer!" PubDate: 2025-04-30 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Ngo Um Esther Abstract: TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2025 Plenary session Opening ceremony Round Table 1: Environment and Cancer Session 1: Epidemioclinical and diagnostic aspects of cancer Session 2: Open communications 1: Psychology and cancer Session 3: Cancer: therapeutic advances and technologies Session 4: Free papers 2: Cancer, risk and therapeutic innovations WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 2025 Session 5: Complementary approaches and cancer prevention Session 6: Free papers 3: Cancer and other pathologies Session 7: Specific cancers and oral complications Session 8: Free papers 4: Surgery and advanced medical techniques Session 9: Healthcare policies and support for cancer patients Session 10: Open communications 5: Other pathologies and screening Round Table 2: Prevention and Cancer Talk with the experts (open to the general public) Closing ceremony PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6676 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Lamissa N, Nkuimi KO, Fomat BP, Mendimi NJM, Zingue S Abstract: RÉSUMÉ Introduction: Breast cancer is a significant public health challenge in developing countries like Cameroon, where high incidence and mortality rates persist despite prevention and treatment efforts. The rising costs and side effects of conventional therapies have led to increased interest in herbal remedies. This study investigates the protective effects of a polyherbal formulation derived from Cameroonian plants Annona muricata, Passiflora edulis, Piper capense, and Cameroonian propolis known for their anticancer properties. Materials and Methods: In this research, forty-two female Wistar rats were divided into seven groups to evaluate the formulation against breast cancer induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA). The control groups received distilled water, while one group was treated with tamoxifen as a positive control. The test groups received varying doses of the polyherbal formulation (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). After a ten-day pre-treatment period, all but the control groups were administered DMBA. The study assessed tumor incidence, mass and volume, histopathological changes, levels of the breast cancer biomarker CA 15-3, and inflammatory and antioxidant status. Results: A tumor incidence of 100% was recorded in the DMBA group rats with a significant increase (p < 0.001) in tumor volume, mass, serum levels of CA 15-3, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-6 associated with a decrease in IL-10. The polyherbal plant formulation and tamoxifen significantly reduced deaths, tumor incidence, volume, mass, as well as serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6) and CA 15-3 and potentiated IL-10. Additionally, it increased the activity of enzymatic (catalase) and non-enzymatic (GSH) antioxidants and decreased total protein levels and MDA levels in tumor homogenates. No harmful effects were reported from long-term exposure to the polyherbal formulation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the polyherbal remedy holds promise for further research into its mechanisms and potential as a breast cancer treatment. ABSTRACT Introduction. Le cancer du sein, enjeu sanitaire majeur au Cameroun, reste associé à une mortalité élevée malgré les progrès thérapeutiques. Face aux limites des traitements conventionnels, cette étude explore les effets d’une formulation polyherbale camerounaise (Annona muricata, Passiflora edulis, Piper capense, propolis) aux propriétés anticancéreuses avérées. Matériel et méthodes. Quarante-deux rates Wistar ont été réparties en 7 groupes : témoins sains, témoins DMBA (7,12-diméthylbenz(α)anthracène), tamoxifène (20 mg/kg), et trois doses de la formulation (100, 200, 400 mg/kg). Après 10 jours de prétraitement, le DMBA a été administré pour induire des tumeurs mammaires. Les paramètres évalués incluaient l’incidence tumorale, la masse/volume des tumeurs, les marqueurs sériques (CA 15-3, cytokines), et les indicateurs de stress oxydatif (catalase, glutathion, MDA). Résultats. Le groupe DMBA a présenté une incidence tumorale de 100 %, avec une augmentation marquée du volume tumoral (+82 %, p < 0,001), de la masse tumorale (+75 %), des cytokines pro-inflammatoires (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6) et du CA 15-3, parallèlement à une baisse de l’IL-10. La formulation polyherbale (400 mg/kg) a réduit l’incidence tumorale à 33 % (p < 0,01), la masse/volume des tumeurs (respectivement -68 % et -61 %), et modulé favorablement les marqueurs biologiques : diminution du CA 15-3 (-54 %), des cytokines pro-inflammatoires (-40 % à -58 %) et du MDA (-48 %), et augmentation de l’IL-10 (+120 %) et des antioxydants (catalase +35 %, glutathion +28 %). Aucun effet toxique n’a été observé. Conclusion. Cette formulation polyherbale démontre une activité antitumorale et anti-inflammatoire prometteuse, comparable au tamoxifène, dans un modèle murin de cancer du sein. Son action sur le stress oxydatif et les marqueurs de progression tumorale en fait un candidat sérieux pour des études précliniques approfondies. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6624 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Soppo LCV, Nko’o MHJ, Foumane MJS, Ngo-Nyobe JC, Ngah DK, Nyangono NM, Kack NSNL, Benga MFC, Ndzié MBP, Obono FMP, Emanda EMG, Ndom JC, Nnanga Nga, Mpondo MEA, Foumane P Abstract: Introduction: Over the past three decades, reported cases of skin cancer have more than tripled worldwide. This alarming trend reflects the growing prevalence of cancer in general and cutaneous malignancies in particular. While current pharmacological treatments provide partial solutions, their significant toxic side effects remain problematic. To explore novel therapeutic options with improved benefit-risk profiles, we employed computational chemistry to investigate molecular interactions between triterpenes isolated from Vernonia conferta stem bark and two key skin cancer targets: MRCKα and MRCKβ kinases. Materials and Methods: Column chromatography was used to isolate compounds from V. conferta bark. Structural elucidation was achieved through ¹H/¹³C NMR spectroscopy and TLC comparison with authentic samples. The triterpenes were then classified, modeled, and subjected to molecular docking simulations using specialized software. Results: Six triterpenes (1-6) were successfully isolated. Molecular docking revealed that lupane-type triterpenes (A) demonstrated superior binding affinity for MRCKα/MRCKβ kinase inhibition compared to other structural classes, suggesting their potential as inhibitors of these skin cancer-associated proteins. Conclusion: This study identifies lupane-type triterpenes as promising lead compounds for developing novel anti-skin cancer agents targeting MRCK kinases. Further in vitro and in vivo validation of these computational predictions is warranted PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6626 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Nyangono NM, Fouelefack MY, Mbole J, Soppo LCV, Foumane MS, Aba’a M, Nko’o L, Ndjitoyap, Nnanga Nga, Ngombi AM Abstract: Les produits cosmétiques éclaircissants contiennent des substances actives dont le mécanisme d'action concourt à inhiber ou bloquer la synthèse de mélanine. Les effets indésirables des produits cosmétiques éclaircissants seront d'autant plus graves en fonction de la composition et de la concentration des substances dans le produit cosmétique fini. Les laits et les crèmes figurent parmi les formulations les plus sollicités par les populations pour cette pratique. L’usage de corticostéroïdes dans des produits cosmétiques est prohibé, l’hydroquinone est interdite par le règlement CE 1223/2009 et tolérée à un maxima de 2% par la FDA. Ainsi l'identification d'un de ces composés illicites délibérément introduits dans ces types de cosmétiques suffit pour une surveillance du marché. Cet article présente une méthode de HPLC couplé à un détecteur UV-visible pour l'identification et le dosage de l'hydroquinone et de 02 dermocorticoides (hydrocortisone et clobetasol propionate). Nous avons utilisé un Agilent Analytical HPLC Systems 1200 Infinity Series. La séparation a été obtenue sur une colonne XTerra MS C8, 2.1X250mm, 5µm en mode isocratique pendant 5 min. La phase mobile était composée de l'acetonitrile et d'eau. Le traitement des échantillons de produits cosmétiques s'est fait dans 100% d'acetonitrile et l'analyse a été faite en triplicate. Le volume d’injection était de 04µL, le débit de 0.4mL/min avec une pression de 126bars. La température de la colonne était à 25°C et la détection s’est faites à 240nm. Il ressort que 90% des produits cosmétiques éclaircissants contiennent de l'hydroquinone ; 83,3% de ces derniers sont à des taux > à 2%. 5% des produits cosmétiques éclaircissants contiennent un corticoïde et 68,3% des produits contiennent plus de 3 agents dépimentants actifs dans la même formulation. Malgré les multiples restrictions des pays et les normes visant à mettre à la disposition des populations des produits sûrs, le marché des produits blanchissants pour la peau reste bondé de produits illégaux et non conforme au Cameroun. Introduction: Skin-lightening cosmetics contain active ingredients that inhibit melanin synthesis. The adverse effects of these products correlate directly with their composition and concentration of active compounds. Among the most commonly used formulations are skin milks and creams. While corticosteroids are banned in cosmetics, hydroquinone is prohibited under EU Regulation 1223/2009 but permitted at ≤2% by the FDA. Detection of these illicit compounds warrants market surveillance. Methods: We developed an HPLC-UV method (Agilent 1200 Infinity Series) to quantify hydroquinone and two corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, clobetasol propionate). Separation was achieved using an XTerra MS C8 column (2.1×250 mm, 5 µm) with isocratic acetonitrile/water mobile phase (0.4 mL/min, 126 bar). Samples were prepared in 100% acetonitrile and analyzed in triplicate (4 µL injection, 25°C, 240 nm detection). Results: Analysis revealed: 90% of products contained hydroquinone (83.3% at >2%) 5% contained corticosteroids 3% had >3 active depigmenting agents Conclusion: Despite regulatory restrictions, the Cameroonian market remains saturated with non-compliant skin-lightening products containing prohibited substances and dangerous combinations. This HPLC method proves effective for routine monitoring of cosmetic safety compliance. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6625 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Mbosso Teinkela Jean Emmanuel Abstract: Contexte. Le cancer demeure un défi sanitaire mondial majeur, avec 84 millions de décès rapportés par l'OMS entre 2005 et 2015. Dans les pays en développement, l'accès limité aux thérapies conventionnelles rend souvent le diagnostic cancéreux fatal, créant un besoin urgent d'alternatives thérapeutiques plus accessibles, abordables et sûres. Objectif. Cette étude a évalué le potentiel antiprolifératif d'extraits, fractions et composés isolés de trois plantes médicinales camerounaises pour identifier des candidats prometteurs au développement de thérapies anticancéreuses. Méthodes. Par des tests MTT, nous avons systématiquement analysé les échantillons sur trois lignées cellulaires cancéreuses résistantes aux médicaments : U373 (glioblastome), A549 (adénocarcinome pulmonaire) et SK-MEL-28 (mélanome). L'activité a été évaluée sur la base des concentrations inhibitrices médianes (CI50). Résultats marquants. Le bois des racines aériennes de Ficus elastica a démontré une activité remarquable (CI50 5-8 μg/mL sur toutes les lignées) Le dérivé peracétylé du ficusoside B a aussi montré une activité sélective puissante : Lignée U373 : CI50 11 μM Lignée SK-MEL-28 : CI50 17 μM Conclusion. Ces résultats positionnent les composés de F. elastica comme candidats de choix pour : Le développement nanopharmaceutique (synthèse de nanoparticules) La validation préclinique (études d'efficacité et sécurité in vivo) La formulation en Médecine Traditionnelle Améliorée L'activité exceptionnelle contre des lignées résistantes suggère un potentiel pour surmonter les limitations thérapeutiques dans les contextes à ressources limitées. Abstract Background. The World Health Organization estimates that 84 million people died of cancer between 2005 and 2015. Access to cancer drugs is still limited or non-existent for most cancer patients in developing countries and cancer is therefore a death sentence for most people in these countries. Objective: In order to find medications that are more accessible in terms of availability, cost and having fewer side effects, the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds of three Cameroonian pharmacopoeia plants have been tested for their antiproliferative effects. Methods. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds was evaluated via MTT assay at least on cancer cell lines exhibiting varying degrees of drug resistance against different pro-apoptotic stimuli: U373, A549 and SK-MEL-28 respectively from brain, lung and skin cancer. Results. The aerial root wood of Ficus Elastica showed the best activity with an IC50 ranging from 5 - 8 µg/ml while the most active compounds, Peracetylated Ficusoside B showed an IC50 of 11 and 17 µM on brain cell lines U373 and skin cell lines SK-MEL-28 respectively. Conclusion. Having presented the best antiproliferative activity, it would be interesting to synthesize the nanoparticles of the extract of the wood of the aerial roots of Ficus elastica in order to evaluate its activity, to carry out an in vivo study and think about setting up an Improved Traditional Medicine. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6627 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Foumane Maniepi NJS, Benga MC, Soppo LV, Nzie Maniben P, Mbolé MJ, Nyangono DM, Minyem NAP, Aba’a DM, Nko’o JM, Obono FP, Ngolsou F, Emanda M, Nnanga Nga, Ze Minkande J Abstract: Introduction. L’eucalyptus commun est une plante de la famille des Myrtacées connue pour ses actions antioxydantes, expectorantes et décongestionnante des voies respiratoires. Le but du présent travail est de formuler un sirop à base des feuilles d’Eucalyptus sp. Matériel et méthodes. La récolte et le traitement post collecte ont été faits conformément aux directives de l’OMS sur les bonnes pratiques de récolte. L’hydrolat à base de feuilles d’eucalyptus a été obtenu par hydrodistillation. La formulation galénique du sirop, le contrôle microbiologique et les études de stabilité ont été conduits selon les bonnes protiques de fabrication.Le sirop formulé a été distribué dans les flacons et sceller. Résultats. Le prototype de sirop formulé a été produit. Il se présentait sous la d’un flacon en verre ambré contenant 150 mL de sirop. Le sirop était indiqué en cas de toux grasse de l’adulte et de l’enfant de plus de 3 ans. Le contrôle microbiologique a montré l’absence d’Escherichia coli et de Salmonelles dans les échantillons. Le sirop était stable après ouverture pendant 6 mois à température ambiante (entre18 et 30°C) et se conservait à température ambiante. L’eucalyptol était le principe actif et le saccharose l’excipient à effet notoire. Conclusion. Le sirop formulé à base des feuilles d’Eucalyptus sp est indiqué dans la prise en charge de la toux chez l’enfant et l’adulte au regard des actions antioxydantes, expectorantes et décongestionnante des voies respiratoires de cette plante. Abstract Introduction. Common eucalyptus is a plant of the Myrtaceae family known for its antioxidant, expectorant and respiratory decongestant properties. The aim of the present work is to formulate a syrup based on the leaves of Eucalyptus sp. Material and methods. The harvest and post-collection treatment were carried out in accordance with WHO guidelines on good harvesting practices. The eucalyptus leaf hydrolate was obtained by hydrodistillation. The galenic formulation of the syrup, microbiological control and stability studies were carried out in accordance with good manufacturing practice, and the formulated syrup was dispensed into bottles and sealed. Results. The prototype formulated syrup was produced. It was presented in the form of an amber glass bottle containing 150 mL of syrup. The syrup was indicated for wet coughs in adults and children over the age of 3. Microbiological testing showed the absence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the samples. . The syrup was stable after opening for 6 months at room temperature (between 18 and 30°C) and could be stored at room temperature. Eucalyptol was the active ingredient and sucrose the excipient with a notable effect. Conclusion. The syrup formulated from Eucalyptus sp leaves is indicated for the treatment of coughs in children and adults in view of the antioxidant, expectorant and decongestant actions of this plant on the respiratory tract. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6630 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Foumane Maniepi NJS, Bidjogo EJ, Nko’o JM, Soppo LV, Benga MC, Mbolé MJ, Minyem NAP, Nyangono DM, Aba’a DM, Obono FP, Nzie Maniben P, Golson F, Nnanga Nga, Ze Minkande J Abstract: Introduction. Solanum sp est une plante de la famille des Solanaceae encore appelée aubergine sauvage. La décoction des fruits de cette plante est consommée par les populations de la zone forestière du Cameroun comme boisson. L’amélioration de la digestion, les propriétés tonifiantes, diurétiques et antihypertensives sont attribuées à cette boisson. L’objectif de la présente recherche était d’étudier l’extrait aqueux des fruits de Solanum sp. Matériel et méthodes. La caractérisation phytochimique qualitative de l’extrait aqueux des fruits de Solanum sp a été réalisée en utilisant les méthodes décrites par Harbone 1998 et Evans 2000. La ligne directrice 423 modifiée de l’Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economique a servi à la recherche de la toxicité orale aigüe. La méthode décrite et utilisée par Nchapda et al. 2020 a été reproduite pour mettre en évidence de l’effet antihypertenseur chez le rat. Résultats. Les composés phénoliques, saponines, alcaloïdes, stérols et tritepènes ont été identifiés dans l’extrait aqueux des fruits de Solanum sp. La DL50 de l’extrait aqueux des fruits de Solanum sp s’est avérée supérieure à 5000mg/kg de poids corporel chez le rat. Une diminution significative des pressions artérielles diastolique et systolique est survenue chez animaux expérimentaux ayant reçu un produit hypertenseur et l’extrait aqueux des fruits de Solanum sp (200 mg/kg) en comparaison avec ceux ayant reçu le produit hypertenseur et l’eau distillée, suggérant un effet antihypertenseur. Conclusion. L’extrait aqueux des fruits de Solanum sp contiendrait des composés bioactifs qui justifieraient sa propriété antihypertensive mise en évidence dans le présent travail. Il serait en outre de moindre toxicité. Toute chose contribuant à faire de la décoction à base de fruits d’aubergine sauvage un allié diététique de choix. Abstract Introduction. Solanum sp., a plant from the Solanaceae family commonly known as wild eggplant, is traditionally used in Cameroon’s forest regions. Local populations consume a decoction of its fruits as a beverage, attributing to it digestive, tonic, diuretic, and antihypertensive properties. This study aimed to analyze the aqueous extract of Solanum sp. fruits to validate these ethnomedicinal claims. Materials and Methods. Qualitative phytochemical characterization of the aqueous extract was performed using established protocols (Harborne, 1998; Evans, 2000). Acute oral toxicity was assessed according to the modified OECD Guideline 423. The antihypertensive effect was evaluated in rats using the method described by Nchapda et al. (2020), involving induced hypertension and subsequent treatment with the extract (200 mg/kg) versus distilled water. Results. Phytochemical screening identified phenolic compounds, saponins, alkaloids, sterols, and triterpenes in the extract. The LD50 exceeded 5000 mg/kg body weight in rats, indicating low toxicity. A significant reduction in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) was observed in hypertensive rats treated with the extract compared to controls, suggesting potent antihypertensive activity. Conclusion. The aqueous extract of Solanum sp. fruits contains bioactive compounds that likely mediate its observed antihypertensive effects. Its low toxicity profile supports the safety of traditional consumption. These findings position wild eggplant fruit decoction as a potential dietary adjunct for blood pressure management, warranting further mechanistic and clinical studies. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6631 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Bang GA, Savom EP, Djopseu LK, Chasim CB, Moto GB, Essomba A Abstract: Introduction. Au Cameroun, les dernières données sur l’épidémiologie clinique globale des cancers digestifs sont anciennes, spécifiquement leur typologie et la stadification tumorale au diagnostic. Patients et méthodes. Nous avons conduit une étude observationnelle descriptive avec recueil prospectif de données dans six hôpitaux de référence des deux principales villes du Cameroun. Tous les patients opérés d’un cancer digestif primitif, du 1er Janvier 2018 au 30 Juin 2020 (soit 30 mois), ont été inclus. Résultats. Nous avons colligé 278 patients ; durant la période d’étude, la chirurgie oncologique a représenté 8,9% de l’activité chirurgicale. L’âge moyen des patients était de 54,98±14,98 ans. La majorité d’entre-eux était de sexe masculin (n=175 soit 55,7%) avec un sexe ratio de 1,26. Le cancer était découvert dans la majorité des cas au décours d’une symptomatologie évocatrice (57,2%) et jamais lors d’un dépistage systématique. Les trois localisations tumorales les plus fréquentes étaient, par ordre décroissant : colorectale (n=136 soit 48,9%), pancréatique (n=53 soit 19,1%) et gastrique (n=50 soit 17,9%). Le type histologique le plus rencontré était l’adénocarcinome (60,4%). La stadification TNM montrait des tumeurs majoritairement diagnostiquées à des stades avancés (III et IV) dans 71,2% des cas (n=198). La chirurgie était palliative chez 35,5% des patients et avait été conduite en urgence dans 16,5% des cas. Conclusion. Les cancers digestifs occupent une place importante de l’activité chirurgicale dans notre contexte. Le cancer colorectal demeure le plus fréquent, avec une forte prévalence des cancers du pancréas. Le retard diagnostique demeure important avec une prédominance des formes avancées. Abstract Introduction. In Cameroon, current epidemiological data on the clinical profile of digestive cancers—particularly tumor typology and staging at diagnosis—remain scarce. This study provides updated insights into the surgical management landscape of these malignancies. Patients and Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted across six referral hospitals in Cameroon’s two largest cities. All patients undergoing surgery for primary digestive cancers between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2020 (30 months), were included. Results. Among 278 patients, oncologic surgeries accounted for 8.9% of the surgical caseload. The mean patient age was 54.98 ± 14.98 years, with a male predominance (n=175, 55.7%; male-to-female ratio: 1.26). Most cancers (57.2%) were diagnosed following symptomatic presentation, with no cases detected via systematic screening. Primary tumor sites in descending frequency were: Colorectal (n=136, 48.9%) Pancreatic (n=53, 19.1%) Gastric (n=50, 17.9%) Histologically, adenocarcinoma predominated (60.4%). TNM staging revealed advanced disease (Stage III/IV) in 71.2% of cases (n=198). Palliative surgery was performed in 35.5% of patients, while 16.5% required emergency intervention. Conclusion. Digestive cancers represent a significant proportion of surgical activity in Cameroon. Colorectal cancer remains the most frequent, with notable pancreatic cancer prevalence. Persistent diagnostic delays contribute to advanced-stage diagnoses, underscoring the need for enhanced screening programs and early detection strategies. PubDate: 2025-04-30 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Bang GA, Savom EP, Moto GB, Fayam JY, Essomba A, Sosso MA Abstract: Background. Survival of patients after rectal cancer surgery as well as their quality of life (QoL) has been little study in Africa and never in our country in particular. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional multicentre study in Yaoundé (Cameroon). We reviewed operating reports of the selected departments to identify patients operated from January 2010 to December 2019 for a rectal cancer. The outcome of patients enrolled had to be known until December 2020. Patients who were alive were contacted to evaluate their QoL using the EORTC QLQ C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL questionnaire). Results. During the study period, rectal cancer was ranked 4th within the digestive cancers. We included 68 patients; their mean age was 49.74 years and 41.18% were under 45. The sex ratio was 1.19 in favour of males. The tumour was mainly located in the lower rectum (45.6%). The main surgical procedure implemented was abdominoperineal amputation (42.6%). Forty-one patients died, giving a mortality rate of 60.29%. The mean survival time was 13 months. The 5-year survival rate for the 32 patients operated from January 2010 to December 2015 was 21.87%. The overall QoL of the 27 living patients was good with a mean of 62.346±15.907. Sexual complications and urinary disorders were found in 40.74% and 14.81% of patients, respectively. Conclusion. There is a low hospital incidence of rectal cancer in our context. The 5-year survival after rectal cancer surgery is poor while the QoL of living patients is good. Résumé Contexte. La survie et la qualité de vie (QdV) postopératoire des patients atteints de cancer rectal restent peu documentées en Afrique subsaharienne, avec aucune donnée antérieure au Cameroun. Cette étude vise à combler ce manque en analysant les résultats chirurgicaux et les expériences à long terme des patients. Méthodes. Une étude transversale multicentrique a été menée à Yaoundé, Cameroun. Les rapports chirurgicaux de janvier 2010 à décembre 2019 ont été examinés pour identifier les patients opérés d’un cancer rectal. Le devenir des patients a été suivi jusqu’en décembre 2020. Les survivants ont complété le questionnaire validé EORTC QLQ-C30 pour évaluer leur QdV. Principaux résultats. Incidence : 4ᵉ cancer digestif le plus fréquent (68 patients inclus) Profil démographique : Âge moyen 49,7 ± 14,9 ans ; 41,2 % <45 ans ; prédominance masculine (sex-ratio 1,19) Localisation tumorale : 45,6 % au rectum inférieur Prise en charge chirurgicale : Résection abdominopérinéale (RAP) majoritaire (42,6 %) Survie : Taux de mortalité : 60,3 % (41/68) ; Survie moyenne : 13 mois (IC 95 % : 9,4–16,6) ; Survie à 5 ans : 21,9 % (7/32 patients opérés entre 2010–2015). Qualité de vie : Score global de santé : 62,3 ± 15,9 (modéré à bon) Dysfonction sexuelle : 40,7 % (11/27 survivants) Troubles urinaires : 14,8 % (4/27) Conclusion. Bien que le cancer rectal présente une incidence hospitalière relativement faible au Cameroun, les résultats révèlent des défis majeurs : un taux de survie à 5 ans alarmant ; une fréquence élevée de résections radicales (RAP) et des séquelles significatives (santé sexuelle). Paradoxalement, les survivants rapportent une QdV globale satisfaisante malgré un diagnostic souvent tardif. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6628 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Ndjitoyap NAW, Ntsama EMJ, Njoya MM, Dang BI, Bakelak DD, Bougha G, Talla P, Ankouane AF, Ndjitoyap NEC Abstract: RÉSUMÉ Contexte : La réalisation d’une endoscopie digestive est un défi chez les personnes âgées. L’objectif de l’étude était d’analyser les indications et les résultats des coloscopies chez les sujets de plus de 60 ans à Yaoundé (Cameroun). Méthodologie: il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive, avec collecte rétrospective des données menée dans 2 hôpitaux de Yaoundé (Cameroun). Les dossiers des patients âgés de 60 ans et plus ayant bénéficié d’une coloscopie entre le janvier 2018 et Décembre 2023 ont été inclus. L’analyse des données a porté sur le profil sociodémographique des patients, les comorbidités, la fragilité et la perte d’indépendance, la qualité de la préparation colique, le type de sédation effectuée, l’indication de l’examen, et les résultats observés. Résultats: sur les 550 endoscopies digestives analysées chez les sujets âgés, il y avait 203 coloscopies (36,9%). La moyenne d’âge était de 66,5 ± 5,8 ans (extrêmes 60 - 90 ans). Le sex ratio était de 0,98. Les principales indications des coloscopies étaient une rectorragie (45,3 %), suivie de douleurs abdominales (42,4 %). La préparation colique avait été jugée satisfaisante chez 93,1%. La sédation était réalisée majoritairement à l’aide du Midazolam (55,2%), La tolérance avait été jugée bonne chez 96,6 %. Les anomalies organiques observées étaient dominées par les polypes (18,2%), une maladie diverticulaire (16,3%), et une tumeur d’allure maligne du côlon (4,9%). La pathologie ano-rectale était dominée par la maladie hémorroïdaire (60,1%). Conclusion: les indications de coloscopie chez les sujets âgés sont dominées par la rectorragie. La principale lésion observée est une maladie hémorroïdaire. ABSTRACT Background: Performing a digestive endoscopy is a challenge for the elderly. The aim of the study was to analyse the indications and results of colonoscopies in subjects aged over 60 in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection, carried out in 2 hospitals in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Records of patients aged 60 years and older who underwent colonoscopy between January 2018 and December 2023 were included. Data analysis focused on the socio-demographic profile of patients, co-morbidities, frailty and loss of independence, the quality of colonic preparation, the type of sedation used, the indication for the examination, and the results observed. Results: Of the 550 digestive endoscopies analysed in elderly subjects, 203 were colonoscopies (36.9%). The mean age was 66.5 ± 5.8 years (range 60 - 90 years). The sex ratio was 0.98. The main indications for colonoscopy were rectal discharge (45.3%), followed by abdominal pain (42.4%). Colon preparation was judged satisfactory in 93.1% of cases. Sedation was mainly achieved using Midazolam (55.2%), and tolerance was judged to be good in 96.6% of cases. Organic anomalies were dominated by polyps (18.2%), diverticular disease (16.3%), and a malignant tumour of the colon (4.9%). Anorectal pathology was dominated by haemorrhoidal disease (60.1%). Conclusion: Indications for colonoscopy in elderly subjects are dominated by rectal discharge. The main lesion observed is haemorrhoidal disease. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6632 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Bodo EML, Atangana PJA, Sando Z Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Cameroon, with 4,170 new cases each year. Mortality remains high due to late diagnosis. Unlike in Western countries, where mortality is falling thanks to early diagnosis and personalised treatment, local data show a predominance of triple-negative (TN) tumours, accounting for 37% of cases, followed by Luminal A. These data need to be updated in line with new molecular recommendations. Methodology: This retrospective study analysed 52 cases of breast cancer diagnosed at the Centre Pasteur du Cameroun between October and December 2021. Clinical and biological data were collected, and immunohistochemical markers (RO, RP, HER2, Ki67) were analysed at the pathology laboratory of the Erasme Hospital in Brussels. Results were assessed by two observers. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.9 years. Invasive ductal carcinomas accounted for 83% of cases, with 59% grade II. The molecular distribution was: 40% triple-negative tumours, 28% Luminal B, 16% Luminal A, and 16% HER2+. +. TN tumours were frequent in young patients, with Ki67 values often greater than 45%. Agreement with previous analyses was 77.3%. Conclusion: The study confirms the predominance of TN tumours (40%) in Cameroon, with Luminal B tumours occupying second place (28%). The data highlight the importance of adapting treatments according to local molecular characteristics. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6633 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Mayemi E, Ndoumba A, Ngo Pambe CJ, Ananga Noa S, Essame O, Nkegoum B Abstract: Introduction: Screening through regular cervical smear tests (CVS) enables precancerous lesions to be detected and treated at an early stage. In order to determine whether pregnant women constitute a target group for cervical cancer screening. We determined the cytopathological aspects of the cervix in pregnant women in Yaoundé. Methodology: The study took place from June to July 2010, in the gynaecology and obstetrics departments of the HGOPY (Yaoundé Gynaecology-Obstetrics and Paediatrics Hospital) and the pathological anatomy department of the CHUY (Yaoundé University Hospital). 180 pregnant women were included. Data were collected for each participant by filling in a questionnaire, followed by a speculum examination with the taking of a cervical smear. Cervical smear interpretation was based on the Bethesda 2001 system. Results: The age of the participants ranged from 15 to 42 years, with an average of 28.05 ±5.65 years. Approximately 10% of participants reported having had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 15, but the average age of all patients was 18.21 ± 2.79 years. A proportion of 36.1% of respondents had already suffered from an STI at the time of the study and 67.8% had had more than two sexual partners, with an average of 3.37±2.75 for our entire population. Cytology revealed a high proportion of inflammatory lesions in our patients (56.7%), of which 15.4% had a proven infectious aetiology, followed by indeterminate lesions (3.3% ASC-US, no AGC) and precancerous lesions (2.8%). Conclusion: Cervical pathology during pregnancy remains dominated by cervicitis. Precancerous lesions accounted for 2.8% of cases. Pregnant women are as much at risk of developing cervical cancer as non-pregnant women. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6634 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Ebong CE, Nzang JL, Nyada SR, Essiben F, Tompeen I, Fouedjio JH, Fouelifack Y, Metogo J, Batoum VM, Nsahlai C, Seungue J, Dohbit SJ Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer, caused by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) serotypes, is a devastating disease in the developing world, even though it is preventable and treatable. Cameroon currently offers immunization against only two high-risk HPV types (16 and 18), and screening for cervical cancer by testing for HPV is limited to pilot centers. We therefore carried out this study to determine the prevalence of oncogenic serotypes of HPV in asymptomatic women of reproductive age attending cervical cancer screening in Yaoundé, Cameroon, to confront this data with available vaccines, and to identify some factors associated with HPV infection. Methodology: We did a hospital based retrospective descriptive and analytical study at two hospitals of the Cameroon Baptist convention (CBC), located at the Etoug-Ebe and Ekoumdoum neighborhoods, in Yaoundé, which offer cervical cancer screening through HPV DNA testing. The study period was from February 2020 to December 2021. Results: The prevalence of high-risk HPV was 41.8%. The non 16/18 HPV types were the most common (81.0%) type of high-risk HPV. HPV 16 and 18 had prevalence of 9.2% and 9.8%, respectively. The prevalence of high-risk HPV was associated with HIV-positivity. Conclusion: The prevalence of high-risk HPV is higher than previously reported in the country. The prevalence of non-16/18 serotypes is disproportionately higher than that of types 16 and 18. The lone factor associated with HPV infection in this study was the existence of infection with the HIV. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6635 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Atenguena OE, Zingue S, Makamte GK, Maliedje TDE, Zingue LL, Mayemi M, Mbopda NEA, Sando Z Abstract: Introduction: Cancer is a malignant tumor that can induce an immune response. Studies have shown that the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a good prognostic marker for assessing survival in cancer patients; however, no similar data have yet been published in Cameroon. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between TILs and the survival of breast and prostate cancer patients at (Yaounde General Hospital) YGH between 2019 and 2023. Methods: A retrospective and cross-sectional study was undertaken at the Oncology Department and the Anatomo-Cytopathology Laboratory of YGH. A consecutive non-probability sampling of 212 breast cancer patients and 89 prostate cancer patients who agreed to participate in the study constituted our sample. The correlation between TILs and chemotherapy as well as TILs and survival were analyzed. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, Epi-info 7 and SPSS softwares and statistical significance was considered at p< 0.05. Results: Microscopic analysis of breast tissue revealed four TILs grades: absent (17.45%), low (18.40%), intermediate (27.83%) and high TIL grade (36.32%), while in PCa the most represented TILs grade was intermediate (31.46%). In BCa the intermediate TIL grade was positively associated with a good response to chemotherapy (p ˂ 0.05). The overall 5-year survival in this study was around 44% for BCa, whereas it was 42 months for those with infiltration in PCa. No positive correlation was found between TILs grade and survival in BCa patients (p = 0.45), while in PCa, it was found that TILs are significantly correlated (p =0.016) with survival. Conclusion: No positive association was observed between TILs as graded and 5-year survival in BCa patients; however, it may have prognostic value in PCa patients. Further studies are encouraged to investigate the association between BCa molecular groups and TILs. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6636 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Nibeye Y, Tadjoro F, Atenguena E, Ndom P Abstract: Introduction: Cancer is a global health threat, with almost 10 million deaths expected by 2020. Several treatment strategies have been developed, including chemotherapy, which is a drug-based treatment that is harmful to both cancerous and normal cells. Chemotherapy causes a number of side effects, including oral mucositis, an inflammation of the oral mucosa. It is responsible for a number of complications, such as difficulty in speaking, swallowing and chewing. This can lead to treatment being delayed or stopped. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cryotherapy on the oral tissues of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methodology: This was an experimental study conducted from February to May 2024, a period of 04 months at the Yaoundé General Hospital. Our population consisted of 55 patients in the experimental group and 48 in the control group. The oral mucosa was assessed using the WHO mucositis classification. Cryotherapy consisted of placing 15cm3 ice cubes measuring 2.5 cm x 2.5cm in the patient's mouth for 30 minutes five minutes before the treatment. The data were analysed using SPSS 23.0 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: We recruited 103 patients, and 08/55 patients exposed to cryotherapy developed mucositis, compared with 24/48 patients who did not receive cryotherapy (p=0.00). 84.6% of the patients were female. Cryotherapy had a significant inverse association with mucositis (OR=0.17, [IC95%=0.06-0.44], P=0.00). Conclusion: Cryotherapy had a negative impact on the occurrence of mucositis in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy at the Yaoundé General Hospital. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6637 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Badang AFD, Minka NE, Mouangue-Mbonjo L, Kafand NCVL, Njock LR, Njifou NA Abstract: Introduction: Upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers, encompassing malignancies of the respiratory and digestive systems, exhibit significant global epidemiological variability, accounting for 5–8% of cancers in the Americas and ~6% in Africa. Despite their destructive potential, data from Cameroon remain sparse. This study characterizes the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological profiles of UADT cancers in a Cameroonian tertiary care setting. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the ENT Department of Douala Military Regional Hospital No. 2 (HMR2), a national reference center, from January 2018 to March 2024. Data on demographics, risk factors, tumor localization, and histology were analyzed for all confirmed UADT cancer cases. Key Results: Prevalence: 55 UADT cancers identified, representing 82.1% of ENT malignancies (hospital prevalence: 0.54%). Demographics: Mean age 53 ± 14.5 years; male predominance (sex ratio 1.89:1). Risk Factors: Alcohol abuse: 87.3% of cases Tobacco use: 40.0% Tumor Localization: Pharyngeal primaries: 34.8% (nasopharynx: 57.9% of pharyngeal cases) Nasosinus cavities: 25.5% Histopathology: Carcinomas: 85.5% (squamous cell carcinoma: 83.0%) Conclusion: UADT cancers in Cameroon predominantly affect middle-aged males with high alcohol/tobacco exposure. The pharynx, particularly the nasopharynx, is the most frequent site, with squamous cell carcinoma as the dominant histotype. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted prevention programs addressing modifiable risk factors and improving early detection in resource-limited settings. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6638 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Epopa EDD, Njiengwe E, Eyoum C, Engbang NJ-P Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between different aspects of pain catastrophizing, emotional distress and the experience of pain in cancer patients. Methodology: This study involved 31 cancer patients recruited from two public hospitals in the city of Douala. The sample was constructed using the double technique of accidental-voluntary sampling. Three main tests were used for data collection: the PCS (to assess catastrophisation), the HADS (to assess emotional distress) and the BPI (to assess pain experience). Results: The analysis revealed significant links between the amplification sub-dimension and several pain scores: between amplification and the evaluation of pain discomfort on mood (Rho=0.368; p=0.001), on walking ability (Rho=0.466; p=0.008) and on usual work (Rho=0.466; p=0.019). There were also links between the rumination sub-dimension and the assessment of pain in general (Rho=0.370; p˂0.05); between rumination and the assessment of pain discomfort on mood (Rho=0.358; p˂0.05) and on relationships with others (Rho=0.361; p˂0.05). La sous-dimension impuissance quant à elle entretient des liens significatifs avec l’évaluation de la douleur situationnelle (Rho=0,563 ; p=0,001) ; avec l’évaluation de la gêne de la douleur sur l’humeur (Rho=0,411 ; p=0,022), sur l’activité générale (Rho=0,411 ; p=0,022) et sur les relations avec les autres (Rho=0,364 ; p˂0,05). With regard to the link between aspects of catastrophising and emotional distress, a significant (negative) link was found only between the amplification sub-dimension and depression (Rho= -0.360; p˂0.05). Conclusion: Early detection of pain dramatisation could make it possible to offer appropriate and preventive pain management in patients suffering from cancer. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6639 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Mbouyap PR, Ngono L, Noumsi T, Lissock F, Zekeng M, Epote A, Belinga S, Njouom R Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) infection is described as the most serious and rapidly progressive form of chronic viral hepatitis, with an increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Cameroon, the prevalence of HDV infection remains high, at around 50% in the eastern and southern regions. The aim was to describe the characteristics of biochemical and molecular markers in patients infected with VHD at the Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC). Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study of patient records registered in the Laboratory Information System (LIS) of the CPC from September 2023 to July 2024. Patients who had undergone a VHD viral load (CVVHD) were included in our study. Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 4.0.5. Results: A total of 91 results were available for patients who had undergone CVVHD. The median age [IQR] was 37 [29;46] years. Men were the most represented (n=58; 63.7%) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.8. CVVHD was detectable in 36/91 (39.6%) of patients. The median [IQR] CVVHD was 46602 [8809 ; 677938]IU/mL. Of these, 15/36 (41.7%) had a CVVHD greater than or equal to 100,000 IU/mL. The median [IQR] HBV viral load was 188 [41; 420] IU/mL. Median [IQR] ALT and ASAT were 52 [33;75] IU/L and 52 [25;56] IU/L respectively. Conclusion: CVVHD was detectable in 40% of patients with elevated values. CVVHB values were low, with a median of less than 2000 IU/mL, and transaminases were elevated in half the patients. This underlines the need for routine testing of all patients infected with HDV, especially if transaminases are elevated. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6640 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Angandji P, Ewodo T, Ateba G, Tayou C Abstract: Introduction. The Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé (HJY) works with associations that promote voluntary blood donation. The study described the sensitivities and specificities of the rapid screening tests (RST) used to qualify blood bags compared with ELISA at HJY. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from October 2017 to January 2019 in 7 Yaoundé churches. It included blood donation candidates who met the eligibility criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel, Stata and R. The statistical significance threshold p was considered if less than or equal to 0.05. Results. 555 blood donation candidates were recruited. The mean age was 28.9 (min18, max 50) years. The sex ratio was 1.56. The sensitivities of Alere Determine HIV1/2 (Abbott, USA) HIV RDT, Labmen HBS antigen and HVC antibody to ELISA (Fortress, UK) and Labmen anti-syphilis RDT (Turkey) to TPHA were 46.2%(95% CI 23.21-70.86) ; 66.7% (95% CI 54.93-76.65); 58.8%(95% CI 0.36-78.39) and 19.5% (95% CI 10.23-34.01) respectively. The specificities of the HIV, HBS ag, HVC antibody and treponema pale RDTs were 98.2%(95% CI 97.61-99.49); 98.4% (95% CI 96.79-99.16); 97.6%(95% CI 95.91-98.58) and 99% (95% CI 97.74-99.58) respectively. The differences between each RDT and ELISA, and between RST and TPHA were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: A more judicious choice of RST and the retention of healthy volunteer blood donors could help reduce the transmission of transfusion-transmissible infections at the HJY. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6641 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Mbouna SFM, Ngogang M-P, Voundi-Voundi E, Messanga-Zindi J, Edinga BE, Ama Moor VJ, Fokunang C Abstract: Introduction: A non-conformity is an error in the process from test request to results delivery. They affect the quality of analyses and are often linked to human error. However, in Africa, most laboratories use a manual data management system. Our aim was to assess the superiority of the computerized laboratory system (CLS) over the manual system in reducing non-conformities. Methodology: We conducted a case-control study, from January to April 2024, in four laboratories of the same biosafety level, two of which used a LIS and two a manual system. We matched employees by age, gender and years of experience. We determined the level of knowledge of the software packages. We then compared the proportions of non-conformities between computerized and manual systems using the chi2 test at the 5% threshold via SPSS 26. Results: Out of a total of 98 employees, 41 using a SIL and 47 a manual system, the median age was 37 [30-45] years, with a sex ratio of 0.5M/F in both groups. The majority were technicians (40%) with an average of 7 years' experience. In the total sample, the level of knowledge was unsatisfactory (50%) for the operation of a software package and good (86%) for manual recording. Compared with the manual system, SIL reduced by 30% the proportions of incorrect tube coding, assignment of the same code to several samples and forgotten reagent supply, with p<0.0001, p=0.003 and p=0.017 respectively. SIL reduced the probability of returning non-validated or incomplete results by a factor of ten (p=0.001). Conclusion: These data suggest that the use of an LIS contributes to a considerable reduction in the frequency of non-conformities in our context. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6644 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Mbouna SFM, Nkeck JR, Edinga BD, Neri-Atabe N, Tang M, Tang DC, Ama-Moor VJ Abstract: Introduction. Serum uric acid (SUA) is the main biomarker of altered purine metabolism, and its measurement is necessary to appreciate several conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, gout, diabetes and hypertension. However, the reference ranges for SUA remain unknown in Cameroon. Our aim was to assess the reference intervals of SUA among Cameroonian adults and to analyze their agreement with international societies. Methods. We leaded a cross-sectional study from November 2019 to June 2020 in Prima Laboratory of Yaoundé on 292 volunteers aged 18 to 65 years without clinical and biological exclusion criteria. Serum uric acid have performed by colorimetric enzymatic method on Cobas 6000®. Reference values assessed at 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles using STATA 15 and SPSS 26. Results. On the 292 recorded, finally, the sex ratio was 0.67M/F with a mean age was 31 years old in both sex nearly. The mean of SUA was significant different from gender (43.2 vs 57 mg/L) with p<0.0001 and from BMI (46.5 for normal BMI vs 50 mg/L for overweight without dyslipidemia) with p=0.008. The reference intervals were 32.6-81.1 mg/L for male, 21.8-64.7 mg/L for female, 25.6-68 mg/L for normal BMI and 28-85 mg/L for overweight without dyslipidemia. Conclusion. These findings were significant in accordance with the American College of Rheumatology. Gender and BMI influenced reference intervals and our results were higher than Caucasians data. PubDate: 2025-04-30 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Tsague KHN, Ngo-Yon LC, Nsangou PN, Siddikatou D, Ndobo V, Mve MC, Kobe ZF, Dakleu DM, Lowe KS, Tsafack SGC, Tchuimkam S, Menoue C, Boombhi J, Menanga AP Abstract: Introduction: The six-minute walk test is used to assess the patient's adaptation to sub-maximal efforts, closer to daily life. The aim of this study was to assess the functional capacity of post-cardiac surgery patients using the six-minute walk test. Materials and methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study, with prospective data collection, from February 05 to December 26, 2024. We exhaustively and consecutively included all post-cardiac surgery patients admitted to the cardiovascular rehabilitation unit of the Yaoundé General Hospital. Results: 19 patients were included. Mean age was 43.32 ± 15.37 years (extremes 22 to 74 years). The sex ratio was 0.35. Mean body mass index was 25.58 ± 5.86 kg/m2. 26.3% had complete arrhythmia due to atrial fibrillation. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 54.52 ± 15.61%. 52.6% of patients had undergone surgery for rheumatic valvular disease. The mean actual distance covered in six minutes by the 19 patients was 452.36 ± 118.51 m (extremes 190 to 640 m), corresponding to a mean performance of 74 ± 19.55% of the theoretical distance estimated by the equation of Enright PL et al. Conclusion: the 26% impairment of sub-maximal functional capacity in post-cardiac surgery, despite a preserved ejection fraction, justifies the systematic admission of these patients to a cardiovascular rehabilitation unit. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6646 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Esseme Ndjie Camille Harold, Sawadogo Rachel, Darga Christian, Sawadogo Mamoudou Abstract: Introduction: The management of bone loss (BL) is a therapeutic challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. The aim of this study was to review the treatment of BL using the Masquelet technique in a university hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients and methods: we conducted a retrospective descriptive and secondary analytical study over a 5-year period in the orthopedic-traumatology department of the CHU Yalgado-Ouédraogo. Bone loss dimensions were measured to scale on radiographic films and distributed according to the SOFCOT classification. Results: We included 109 patients with a mean age of 33.73 ± 11.97 years, ranging from 16 to 69 years, and a sex ratio of 7.5. The socio-professional status most concerned was farmers (n=38; 34.86%). Road traffic accidents accounted for 92.16% of the circumstances in which OSIs occurred. The preferred sites of injury were the tibia and femur. Soft tissue injuries associated with OSI were predominantly musculocutaneous. SOFCOT types III (n=25; 49.02%) and IV (n=22; 43.14%) were the most frequent. All our patients were managed with cement containing antibiotics. Our patients (n=34; 66.7%) underwent 4 procedures. The main complications were infection (n=49; 96.1%) and bone exposure (n=20; 39.2%). Our study found factors associated with treatment failure, notably low socio-economic status and BL greater than 10 cm. Post-treatment mobility was assessed satisfactorily using the Parker score. Conclusion : This study showed that road traffic accidents are the main cause of BLs, which pose a therapeutic management problem due to the soft tissue lesions and high frequency of infection often associated with them. The key to exponentially reducing the failure rate lies in the right choice of therapeutic indication, proper application of the technique and monitoring. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6647 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Angandji P, Mbuy C, Ndoumba A, Mbanya D Abstract: Introduction. Oral health is an important but overlooked aspect of blood donor health in sub-Saharan Africa. The lack of data on the association between certain risk factors and periodontitis among blood donors in Yaoundé motivated this study. Patients and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the two largest blood banks in the city of Yaoundé. All blood donors meeting the eligibility requirements were included. Hematological parameters (ABO and Rhesus blood groupings, HIV serologies, viral hepatitis B, viral hepatitis C and syphilis) and oral-dental parameters (Silness and Loe gingival index, loss of attachment, gingival redness and bleeding on probe passage) were assessed. Variables were compared using Fischer's exact test. The confidence interval was 95%, and the statistical significance level p was less than or equal to 0.05. Results. A total of 207 blood donors, mean age 27.8 ± 6.9 years, were included. Males predominated (72.5%). Gingivitis affected 37.2% of participants. One-third of donors suffered from periodontitis (30.9%). Periodontitis was statistically associated with age, male gender and blood type O (p<0.05). Conclusion. The prevalence of periodontitis among blood donors in Yaoundé is high. The identified risk factors for periodontitis are age, male gender and blood group O. Screening for periodontal disease could be introduced into the selection of blood donors in Yaoundé. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6650 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Mbouna SFM, Bang GA, Guiffo MLR, Bwelle GM, Bang N, Bitang-A-Mafok L, Ngo-Nonga B, Essomba Abstract: Introduction: Thoracic trauma is the second leading cause of trauma-related mortality worldwide. Their incidence is steadily increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Injuries are often insidious and unrecognized. Nevertheless, few data are available. The aim of this study was to assess the state of thoracic trauma in two referral hospitals in Yaoundé. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with a collection period running from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 at the Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé and the Centre des Urgences de Yaoundé. 358 records of patients admitted for thoracic trauma were included and data analyzed on SPSS 23. Results: The average annual hospital frequency of thoracic trauma was 16.5%. The median age was 30±3 years, with a sex ratio of 5H/1F. The 20-40 age group (60%) was in the majority. Closed trauma (89%) predominated, and was most often caused by traffic accidents (67.5%). Pulmonary contusion (65.3%) was the most frequent injury. Cranioencephalic trauma (56.6%) was the main associated injury. Treatment was mostly conservative without drainage (69.9%). The thoracotomy rate was 7%. Acute respiratory distress syndrome was the main complication (30%). The overall mortality rate was 13.6%. Conclusion: The profile of thoracic trauma patients remains similar to past publications. However, management methods and morbidity and mortality have improved. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6651 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Esther Voundi Voundi, Annick Ndoumba Mintya, Rodrigue Bouopda, Claude Tayou Tagny, Dora Mbanya Abstract: Objective: Updating data on the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections in the context of a coronavirus pandemic is very important for transfusion safety in our environment. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April 05 to May 02, 2021 at the Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé. Blood donors were included consecutively after a medical interview and screened for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Treponema pallidum infections. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23.0, with significance threshold p<0.05. . Results: A total of 32/232 donors (13.8%) had at least one transfusion-transmissible infection. The prevalences were 7.8%, 5.6%, 0.9% and 0.9% respectively for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus and Treponema pallidum. Binary logistic regression for Human Immunodeficiency Virus showed that male sex and blood group AB were significantly associated with this infection. No association was found for other infections. Conclusion: In the difficult context of the coronavirus pandemic, the cumulative prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections remained relatively high. Good medical donor selection remains the key to transfusion safety. PubDate: 2025-04-30 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Esther Voundi-Voundi, Marie Gaël Ngono, Marie Elvire Nokam Abena, Jacqueline Michele Lowe, Christiane Medi-Sike, Marie Paule Ngogang, Constant Anatole Pieme Abstract: Background: In the study of the pathophysiology and manifestations, particularly orofacial, associated with COVID-19, oral dysfunctions affecting the salivary glands and their secretory fluid, saliva, could be associated with this infection. Our objective was to study some salivary biochemical parameters in individuals with COVID-19 compared to healthy individuals. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on salivary samples stored at -20°C at the Biochemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I, of 20 COVID-19 positive and 20 COVID-19 negative individuals. For each sample, informations on the individuals were collected from the database of a study on COVID-19 in the context of voluntary screening in universities. pH, total protein, sodium and potassium ions were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0 software with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Of the symptomatic COVID-19 cases, 25% had loss of taste, and 5% had loss of smell. COVID-19+ had lower salivary pH (6.6±0.5 vs 7±0; p=0.003). There were no significant differences between the values of total protein, sodium and potassium in Covid-19+ and controls (p ≥0.05). We did not find any factors associated with the biochemical parameters evaluated. Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with a loss of taste and acid salivary pH. PubDate: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6653 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5 (2025)
Authors:Samuel Nko'o Amvene Abstract: EISSN: 2309-6535 (online) ISSN: 1684-2782 Health Sciences and Disease, is an open source, peer reviewed medical journal that covers all aspects of medicine, pharmacy, biomedical and health sciences, including public health and societal issues. It is an online first publication, which means that all the publications articles appear on the website before being included in the print journal. The papers are published in full on the website, with open access. Our vision is to be the leader medical journal in our region. Our mission is to inform and educate all the health professionals and to promote constructive debate on health issues that matter in the management not only of diseases but of health as a whole. Health Sciences and Disease is the official publication of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde I. Its team is based in Yaounde (Cameroon). Health Research in Africa (HRA) is a partner journal of HSD. DOI: 10.5281/hsd.v26i5.6504 Issue No:Vol. 26, No. 5
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