Authors:Anis Nurwidayati, Junus Widjaja, Samarang Samarang, Made Agus Nurjana, Intan Tolistiawaty, Phetisya Pamela Frederika Sumolang Abstract: Schistosomiasis in Indonesia is found only in theNapu and Bada Highlands, Poso District and Lindu Highlands, Sigi District, Central Sulawesi Province. Schistosomiasis in Indonesia is caused by Schistosoma japonicum and Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis is the intermediate snail. The mapping of snail focci areas in 2017 showed that there was a significant change in the spread of the snail's focus. This paper aimed to describe the density and infection rate of cercariae S. japonicum on the snail in the endemic areas of schistosomiasis in Central Sulawesi Province. The mean O.hupensis lindoensis snail density in Napu ranged from 0.9 to 6.6/m2, with mean rates of cercariae infections ranging from 0.4% to 21.4%. The snail density average in Lindu ranging from 3/m2 to 69,1/m2, with 4.4%-72.9% of cercariae infections. In bada the snail density ranged from 0.1 to 4.9/m2, with mean rates of cercariae infections ranging from 0% to 14.9%. Bivariate analysis showed there was no correlation among snail density and cercariae infection rate with schistosomiasis case (p value> 0.05). Schistosomiasis di Indonesia hanya ditemukan di Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah, yaitu Dataran Tinggi Napu dan Dataran Tinggi Bada, Kabupaten Poso serta Dataran Tinggi Lindu, Kabupaten Sigi. Schistosomiasis di Indonesia disebabkan oleh Schistosoma japonicum dengan hospes perantara keong Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis. Pemetaan daerah fokus pada tahun 2017 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan yang signifikan dalam penyebaran fokus keong. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kepadatan dan infection rate serkaria S.japonicum pada keong perantara schistosomiasis di wilayah endemis schistosomiasis di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Rerata kepadatan keong O.hupensis lindoensis di Napu berkisar dari 0,9 – 6,6/m2, dengan rerata tingkat infeksi serkaria berkisar antara 0,4% sampai 21,4%, di Lindu kepadatan keong berkisar antara 3/m2 sampai 69,1/m2, dengan tingkat infeksi serkaria 4,4%-72,9%, dan di Bada kepadatan keong berkisar antara 0,1 – 4,9/m2, dengan rerata tingkat infeksi serkaria berkisar antara 0 % sampai 14,9%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi antara kepadatan keong dan tingkat infeksi serkaria dengan jumlah kasus schistosomiasis nilai p value > 0.05. PubDate: 2018-03-31 Issue No:Vol. 46 (2018)
Authors:Ulfatun Nisa, Tyas Friska Dewi Abstract: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang berperan penting dalam terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular. Pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskuler sering menggunakan pengobatan herbal sebagai alternatif maupun komplementer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek formula kombinasi herba pegagan, daun salam, akar alang-alang, dan biji pala terhadap fungsi kardiovaskuler pasien hipertensi esensial. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental pre dan post test design untuk menilai pengaruh penggunaan jamu pada fungsi kardiovaskular subjek. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 60 orang, diberi formula jamu yang diminum 2 kali setiap hari selama 56 hari. Pengukuran terhadap tekanan darah, heart rate, RPP, PP, dan MAP dilakukan setiap minggu. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan penurunan tekanan sistolik dari 147,16 ± 6,46 mmHg menjadi 132,25 ± 11, 21 mmHg dengan nilai p = 0,001%, tekanan diastolik menurun dari 92,16 ± 2,49 mmHg menjadi 77,83 ± 8,98 mmHg dengan nilai p = 0,001%, tekanan arteri rata-rata, heart rate, RPP, dan PP juga mengalami penurunan. Hal ini menunjukkan formula kombinasi herba pegagan, daun salam, akar alang-alang, dan biji pala dapat memperbaiki fungsi kardiovaskular dengan menurunkan tekanan sistolik, diastolik, tekanan arteri rata-rata, nilai PP dan RPP. PubDate: 2018-03-31 Issue No:Vol. 46 (2018)
Authors:Rahmah Indah Pratiwi Abstract: Introduction.Protective immunityof tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly dependent on the balance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. TNF-α cytokines that produce by Th1 cell retain a latent status, and IL-4 that produce by Th2 aids in the production of antibodies. The recent development of the vaccine candidate shows that rESAT-6-CFP-10 fusion antigen is specific to induce protective immune responses. The objective of the study was to determine the immune response through the differences in levels of TNF-α and IL-4 post-stimulation of rESAT-6-CFP-10 fusion antigen. Method.This study used aquasi experimentaldesignin the laboratoryin vitrowith culturedPBMC ofpatients withnew casesof pulmonaryTB, latent TBandhealthy individuals. Examination ofTNF-α and IL-4 levels was done by ELISA. Results. The highest TNF-α mean levels were 866,05 in the latent TB group, compared to814,56 in active TB and 414,58 in healthy individuals, but were not significantly different. The highest IL-4 mean levels were 1,39 in the active TB group, compared to 0,88 in latent TB and 0,74 in healthy individuals, but were not significantly different. Conclusion. There were no significant differences in levels of TNF-α and IL-4 post-stimulation of rESAT-6-CFP-10 fusion antigens in all three groups PubDate: 2018-03-31 Issue No:Vol. 46 (2018)
Authors:nungki hapsari suryaningtyas, maya arisanti, Ade Verientic Satriani, nur inzana, santoso santoso, suhardi suhardi Abstract: Abstract Filariasis elimination program is a national priority with the main agenda conducting mass drug administration (MDA). West Bangka Regency is one of the districts that have implemented filariasis elimination program and has entered a stage stop MDA filariasis surveillance period. This study aims to describe the condition of the community during the post-TAS-2 surveillance in four villages in West Bangka Regency based on blood tests, knowledge, attitudes, behavior and society on filariasis based on blood tests, knowledge, attitudes, behavior, environment of filariasis. Data collected through interviews and examination of venous blood filtration to 150 people in four selected villages. Blood filtration test results obtained three positive respondents Brugia malayi microfilariae species and density of each patient amounted to 116 mf / ml, 245 mf / ml and 112 mf / ml. Respondents' knowledge about the symptoms, modes of transmission, consequences and ways of preventing filariasis is still very low. The attitude of the respondents towards the prevention and eradication of filariasis in good categories. Treatment history most respondents ever get preventive treatment of filariasis, but only 2 percent ever taking medications to prevent filariasis five times. Behavior of respondents to safeguard oneself against mosquito bites by using mosquito nets have been conducted (73.3%) and mosquito (65.3%). Most respondents in the habit of going out at night (78.7%). Found swamp (23.3%) and reservoir host (cats) by 40.7 percent of respondents around the house. The presence of positive filariasis indicates the presence of filariasis. PSP of filariasis-related community still needs to be improved as prevention of filariasis. The presence of swamps can be carried out where potential filariasis vector vanishes. Cats as reservoirs found around the home can be a source of transmission of filariasis. Keywords : microfilariae, knowledge, attitude, practise, environment, West Bangka Abstrak Program eliminasi filariasis merupakan salah satu prioritas nasional dengan agenda utama melaksanakan kegiatan pemberian obat pencegahan secara masal (POPM) filariasis. Kabupaten Bangka Barat adalah salah satu kabupaten yang telah melaksanakan program eliminasi filariasis dan telah memasuki tahap surveilans periode stop POPM filariasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kondisi masyarakat pada masa surveilans pasca TAS-2 di empat desa di Kabupaten Bangka Barat berdasarkan pemeriksaan darah, pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan lingkungan masyarakat tentang filariasis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan pemeriksaan filtrasi darah vena terhadap 150 orang yang berada di empat desa terpilih. Hasil pemeriksaan filtrasi darah didapatkan tiga responden positif mikrofilaria dengan spesies Brugia malayi dan kepadatan masing-masing penderita sebesar 116 mf/ml, 245 mf/ml dan 112 mf/ml. Pengetahuan responden mengenai gejala, cara penularan, akibat yang ditimbulkan dan cara pencegahan filariasis masih sangat rendah. Sikap responden terhadap upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan filariasis dalam kategori baik. Riwayat pengobatan sebagian besar responden pernah mendapatkan pengobatan pencegahan filariasis, akan tetapi hanya 2 persen yang pernah minum obat pencegahan filariasis sebanyak lima kali. Perilaku responden terhadap upaya perlindungan diri terhadap gigitan nyamuk telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan kelambu (73,3%) dan antinyamuk (65,3%). Sebagian besar responden mempunyai kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari (78,7%). Ditemukan rawa (23,3%) dan hewan reservoir (kucing) sebesar 40,7 persen di sekitar rumah responden. Masih ditemukannya penderita positif filariasis mengindikasikan adanya penularan filariasis. PSP masyarakat terkait filariasis masih perlu ditingkatkan sebagai upaya preventif terhadap filariasis. Adanya keberadaan rawa dapat menjadikan tempat potensial perindukan vektor filariasis. Kucing sebagai reservoir yang ditemukan disekitar rumah dapat menjadi sumber penularan filariasis. Kata kunci: mikrofilaria, pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, lingkungan, Bangka Barat PubDate: 2018-03-31 Issue No:Vol. 46 (2018)
Authors:Julianty Pradono Abstract: Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the highest prevalence of Non Communicable disease (NCD) in general population. It affects the morbidity, disability, and mortality rate. The factors that are related to CHD can be controlled and the occurrence of CHD can be prevented. Aim of this study is to identify the determinant factors that are related to CHD on residents in Central Bogor village, Indonesia. Method: The data for this study is based on the baseline data of 2011-2012 NCD cohort study of Central Bogor village in Bogor city of West Java province. Diagnosis of CHD are based on the symptoms of CHD by interview and ECG examination. There are respondents, male and female, aged 25-65 years. Multivariate analysis had been done to describe the factors that influenced CHD. Results: The prevalence of CHD is 20,9 ± 0,41 percent in aged 25-65 years of Central Bogor population. Risk factors that are related to CHD are: stroke, 3.5 times (95% CI 2.0-5.9); hypertension, 1.6 times (95% CI 1.3-1.9); followed by IFG, 1.5 times (95% CI 1.1-1.9); diabetes mellitus, 1.2 times (95% CI: 0.8-1.6); emotional disorders, 1.4 times (95% CI: 1.2-1.7); LDL, 1.3 times (95% CI: 1.0-1.6); obese based on BMI, 1.2 times (95% CI: 1.0-1.5); compared to population with no risk factors. The proportion of CHD in female 1.9 times more than males and there are increasing with age. Conclusion: hypertension and hyperglycemia are the determinant factors of developing CHD. It is recommended develop a CHD risk guidebook to raise public awareness about CHD risk factors. PubDate: 2018-03-31 Issue No:Vol. 46 (2018)
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