Authors:
Peter D. Hart
Pages: 40 - 47 Abstract: Background: Obesity is a major health problem in the U.S. with prevalence estimated at over 40% in adults. The consequences of obesity are well known and include such health conditions as hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, asthma, arthritis, depression, and poor health-related quality of life. The most common measure used to assess obesity is body mass index (BMI). However, a more recent metric, body shape index (BSI), may provide greater predictive value for the clinical detection of obesity and its connection to chronic disease. Additionally, adequate sleep is currently a popular concern with poor sleep quality (PSQ) seen as a risk factor for many diseases including overweight and obesity. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the predictive ability of PSQ in estimating BSI while holding physical activity (PA) constant. Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample of 5,945 adults 18+ years of age were used in this study. BSI (m11/6/kg2/3) was computed from objectively measured height, weight, and waist circumference (WC). Sleep quality was assessed by a self-report questionnaire with two items asking about sleep time, two items asking about sleep interruptions, one item asking about patient-reported sleep issues, and a final item asking about overall sleepiness. Each sleep quality item was dichotomized to indicate PSQ with six item (PSQ6) (quality and quantity) and four item (PSQ4) (quality only) scores created. Control variables included moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA, min/week), sedentary time (ST, min/day), age, sex, race, and income. SAS GLMSELECT was used to predict BSI with PSQ while adjusting for PA and all covariates. Results: Approximately 38% of adults had high risk BSI (BSI> .083, p < .001) and 42% PSQ (PSQ6 ≥ 2, p < .001). BSI was normally distributed (K-S p> .15) with mean of .0814 and SD of .0050. Notable bivariate correlations with BSI included PSQ4 (r = .151, p < .001), PSQ6 (r = .113, p < .001), MVPA (r = -.206, p < .001), and age (r = .569, p < .001). PSQ6 scores predicted BSI (ϐ = 0.0265, p = .011, AIC = -59,790) after adjusting for PA and demographic variables. PSQ4 scores were a stronger predictor of BSI (ϐ = 0.0490, p < .001, AIC = -59,805) after adjusting for covariates. Finally, PSQ status (good vs poor) variables were able to predict BSI where adults with poor PSQ6 and PSQ4 saw significantly (p < .001) greater BSI than those with good PSQ6 and PSQ4. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that PSQ is an important predictor of BSI after considering PA. Moreover, quality may be a more important characteristic than quantity when considering poor sleep a risk factor for obesity in adults. PubDate: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-12-3-1 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 3 (2024)
Authors:
Mahendra Pal; Tesfaye Rebuma, Temesgen Regassa, Ravindra Zende Pages: 48 - 53 Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a major public health challenge due to its antibiotic resistance and potential for severe infections in both humans and animals. This review examines the current state of MRSA as a global health threat, emphasizing its virulence factors, transmission mechanisms, and impact on public health. MRSA's resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics confounds treatment and control efforts primarily due to the encoding of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) by the mecA gene which has a low affinity for β-lactams, resulting in resistance to the entire class of antibiotics. The ability of the bacterium to cause a spectrum of infections, from mild skin conditions to life-threatening diseases like toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, , bacteremia and , highlights its clinical significance. MRSA's spread is facilitated by its presence in healthcare settings, community environments, and livestock, with significant implications for food safety and public health. The review underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance, novel treatment strategies, and effective infection control measures to combat MRSA's growing threat. PubDate: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-12-3-2 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 3 (2024)