Authors:Miyoko Okamoto Abstract: Population aging is occurring faster globally than ever before. By 2030, the population of people aged 60 and over will increase from one billion in 2020 to 1.4 billion, and one in six people in the world will be 60 years old and over according to World Health Organization [WHO]. Facing the pressing challenge, countries are renewing their health and social systems to accommodate this demographic shift. Consequently, health literacy (HL) of older adults becomes an important navigator to maximize healthy lifestyle and access to health care services. However, studies assessing the reality of HL in older adults in a super-aged society are limited, and the factors that have influenced HL over many years remain unclear. This study aims to identify characteristics related to HL by gender and age group and factors influencing HL for older adults in Japan. Using the 47-item Japanese version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted recruiting adults aged 65 and older, living in an urban community in Japan from December 2019 to January 2020. Descriptive, univariate, and multiple regression analyses were used. A total of 367 participants who were members of senior clubs was analyzed in the study. This study found HL was significantly lower in the group aged 75 years and older than in the group aged 65 to 74 years. There was no significant difference in HL between men and women. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that in order to sustain HL among the older adults in a super-aged society, an environment that promotes HL should be created by capturing characteristics such as skills in using health information media and social skills in the community by gender and age group. PubDate: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 07:15:40 +000
Authors:Alhanouf I. AL-Harbi Abstract: Background: Hospital-acquired infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. It directly cause massive increase in costs and health risks. The transferrable antibiotic pathogens made this more complicated, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which transmitted by direct contact. Salmonella spp, air droplet-borne Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Brucella, and Shigella are the most common laboratory infections causes. Method: Mixed-Methods Systemic Review was used in this study. Search Strategy: A search was carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, National library of medicine, Scientific reports-nature online using the keywords- Hospital-Acquired Infections, Infection Control, Transmission-Based Precautions (TBP), Laboratory-Acquired Infection, Environmental Contamination in the Transmission of Nosocomial Pathogens, Nosocomial Infections. Results and Conclusion: The epidemiological rates of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are closely linked to infection control measures implemented in each healthcare system. Urgent need to improve the control of pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections. In addition to the limitation of the new article sources on the issue, sharing best practices between hospitals. More infection transmission methods studies to avoid hospital-acquired infection spread, and innovative new devices that reduce infection. PubDate: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 06:58:11 +000
Authors:Emilia V. Kitambala Abstract: Renal diseases pose a significant burden of morbidity and mortality, particularly among People Living with HIV (PLHIV). The risks are further compounded by drug-induced renal toxicity, and the growing burden of hypertension, diabetes, and Hepatitis C infections. This study assessed the magnitude and factors associated with renal dysfunction among PLHIV attending clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2022 among 331 PLHIV recruited through a multistage sampling. Renal disease was determined through urine analysis and clinical, demographic, and disease-specific data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The analysis, performed in SPSS version 25, involved descriptive analysis, univariate, and multivariable logistic regression to determine the magnitude and predictors of renal dysfunction among PLHIV. Renal dysfunction was observed in 37 (11.1%) participants. Patients with advanced age were 3.89 times more likely to have renal dysfunction (95% CI: 1.56 – 9.72, p = 0.004) compared to lower age groups. No statistically significant association was found between renal dysfunction and sex, duration from diagnosis of HIV and on ART, ART-based regimen, HIV viral load, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. More than one in ten PLHIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, presented with signs of renal dysfunctions, which was more significant among patients aged 55 and older. Routine screening for renal diseases among PLHIV, especially for patients with advanced age is essential to prevent and control for progression to renal failure. PubDate: Mon, 24 Jun 2024 00:21:08 +000
Authors:Yasmin Almualm Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Health risk behavior is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The social and economic costs associated with these behaviors can be reduced by changes in individuals’ behavior. Health-related behavior can either enhance or damage physical, psychological and social wellbeing. Human behavior is influenced by an individual’s health consciousness.OBJECTIVE is to study health related behavior that includes dietary habits, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, screen time and behavior related to unintentional injury among students attending public universities in Baghdad.METHODS: Study design is Cross Sectional Study; sampling method is multi-stage Cluster sampling. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect student data, a total of 1836 students participated in the study RESULTS: Among the 1836 students who participated in the study, 21.4% are smokers, only 3.4% use seatbelts while driving, 11% took medicine without prescription and 78% did not perform regular exercise. 85% of students use the internet at least three hours per day. Dietary habits of students were average based on diet recommendation.CONCLUSION: Health related behavior traits were average among university students in Baghdad. Policy changes to reinforce stringent road traffic safety measures and initiate regular health promotion programs in universities to motivate students to be more proactive towards their health and fitness. PubDate: Tue, 07 May 2024 04:03:57 +000
Authors:Yeon Jung Yu Abstract: This systematic review examines the global literature on LGBTQ+ stigma and health. Indeed, the LGBTQ+ community has experienced a poignant history of stigma, resulting in adverse health consequences. The current review synthesizes 46 articles conducted in multiple cultural settings. The focuses of the selected articles varied from mental health, physical health, suicide, drug and alcohol use, HIV stigma, and healthcare among LGBTQ+ communities. The selected studies similarly found that stigma and discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals have fueled adverse mental health and health behaviors. These risky behaviors included eating disorders, self-harm, suicide, substance use, unprotected sex, avoidance of healthcare appointments, perceived stigma, as well as healthcare provider (HCP) stigma. Racism in the LGBTQ+ community, racial/ethnic identities of LGBTQ+ individuals, and cultural rejection of homosexuality were also discussed. Future research should pay more attention to intersectional stigma and the social networks of LGBTQ+ communities. PubDate: Tue, 07 May 2024 03:07:17 +000
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