JournalTOCs

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.471

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 12

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1935-7893 - ISSN (Online) 1938-744X
Published by Cambridge University Press

[353 journals]

Disaster Preparedness in a Resettled Refugee Community: Qualitative
Findings
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  Authors: Greenky; David, Hassan, Saria, Nerhood, Kayleigh, O’Connor, Mary Helen, Pozzo, Nicole, Prasad, Prachi, Schoendorf, Emily, Soti, Subada, Murray, Brittany
  First page: 2
  Abstract: Introduction:Under-resourced communities face disaster preparedness challenges. Research is limited for resettled refugee communities, which have unique preparedness needs.Study Objective:This study aims to assess disaster preparedness among the refugee community in Clarkston, GA.Methods:Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were completed with community stakeholders. Convenience sampling using the snowball method was utilized until thematic saturation was reached. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted through an inductive, iterative approach by a multidisciplinary team using manual coding and MAXQDA.Results:Three themes were identified: First, prioritization of routine daily needs took precedence for families over disaster preparedness. Second, communication impacts preparedness. Community members speak different languages and often do not have proficiency in English. Access to resources in native languages and creative communication tactics are important tools. Finally, the study revealed a unique interplay between government, community-based organizations, and the refugee community. A web of formal and informal responses is vital to helping this community in times of need.Conclusion:The refugee community in Clarkston, GA faces challenges, and disaster preparedness may not be top of mind for them. However, clear communication, disaster preparedness planning, and collaboration between government, community-based organizations, and the community are possible areas to focus on to bolster readiness.
  PubDate: 2024-01-11
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.241
Perceived and Received Support by Academic Medicine Faculty During the
COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Study
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  Authors: Ferber; Megan Ferriby, Chen, Tina, McHowat, Jane, Charney, Rachel L., Bitter, Cindy C.
  First page: 3
  Abstract: Objective:The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted healthcare worker well-being, leading to increased burnout and decreased workplace engagement. To combat expected stressors from the pandemic, our mid-sized academic health center implemented numerous institutional support, such as town halls, and virtual support groups. This study aimed to evaluate faculty utilization of institutional support, its association with perceived organizational support, received organizational support, and burnout.Methods:A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was distributed to 630 faculty employed at our institution in September 2020, assessing participant demographics, institutional support utilized, perceived organizational support, and burnout, through a combination of self-report measures and qualitative responses.Results:A total of 79 (12.5%) faculty provided complete responses and were included in the analysis. Qualitative analysis identified 4 primary themes: (1) flexibility and adjusted expectations, (2) direct communication, (3) sense of community, and (4) no support felt, with additional subthemes within each larger theme. Increased utilization of institutional support was associated with decreased odds of experiencing burnout.Conclusion:Flexibility, communication, and sense of community emerged as important strategies for maintaining faculty well-being and engagement during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study suggests that utilization of workplace support is protective against burnout. Perceived support was not beneficial.
  PubDate: 2024-01-12
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.240
Vitamin D3 and its Potential to Ameliorate Chemical and Radiation-Induced
Skin Injury During Cancer Therapy
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  Authors: Nguyen; Cuong V., Lu, Kurt Q.
  First page: 4
  Abstract: Skin injury and dermatitis are common complications following chemotherapy and radiation administration for cancer treatment. Symptomatic relief of these complications is limited to slow-acting therapies and often results in holding or modifying cancer therapy that may impact patient outcomes. The off-label use of oral high dose vitamin D3 has demonstrated rapid clinical improvement in skin inflammation and swelling in both chemotherapy and radiation-induced injury. Furthermore, vitamin D3 has been shown to downregulate pro-inflammatory pathways and cytokines, including NFkB, and CCL2, as well as CCL20, which are not only involved in tissue injury, but may confer resistance to cancer treatment. In this paper, we discuss 2 patients with acute radiation dermatitis and acute radiation recall dermatitis following chemotherapy who received 50 000 – 100 000 IU of oral high dose vitamin D3 with improvement in their symptoms. These findings may indicate the potential use of vitamin D as a therapeutic intervention and future target for studying skin healing following chemotherapy and/ or radiation-induced cutaneous toxicity.
  PubDate: 2024-01-15
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.211
Mass Casualty Incident Preparedness for Airport Emergencies: Report From
an Aeroplane Crash Simulation at Guglielmo Marconi Airport, Bologna
(Italy)
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  Authors: Flauto; Alfonso, Marcis, Lucia, Pallavicini, Paolo, Calzolari, Federico, Nanetti, Tommaso, Scopelliti, Antonino Giovanni, Fabbri, Martina, Cremonini, Stefano, Imbriaco, Guglielmo
  First page: 5
  Abstract: Background:Airport emergencies are rare but potentially catastrophic; therefore, system preparedness is crucial. Airport emergency plans include the organization of emergency drills on a regular basis, including full-scale exercises, to train and test the entire rescue organization.Objective:This report describes a full-scale simulation at Bologna International Airport, Italy, in October 2022, involving local EMS resources.Methods:A full-scale aeroplane crash was simulated on the airport ground, activating the Airport emergency plan, and requiring the intervention of supplementary resources (ambulances, medical cars, and other emergency vehicles).Results:Twenty-seven simulated patients were evaluated by EMS: START triage assessment was correct for 81.48% of patients; 11.11% were over-triaged and 7.41% were under-triaged. All patients were transported to the hospitals of the area. The simulation ended 2 hours and 28 minutes after the initial alarm.Conclusion:The response time proved a good response. Triage accuracy was correct in more than 80% of simulated patients. The availability of a trauma centre within 6 kilometres allowed the transportation of a quota of patients directly from the event, without affecting transportation times. Areas for improvement were identified in the communication within the different agencies and in moving ambulances within the airport runway without airport personnel guidance.
  PubDate: 2024-01-17
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.239
Just as Essential: The Mental Health of Educators During the COVID-19
Pandemic
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  Authors: Carlson; Alyssa Schneider, Stegall, Manny S., Sirotiak, Zoe, Herrmann, Felipe, Thomas, Emily B. K.
  First page: 6
  Abstract: Objective:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic deleteriously impacted physical and mental health. In the summer of 2020, return-to-learn plans were enacted, including virtual, hybrid, and in-person plans, impacting educators and students. We examined (1) how return-to-learn plan was related to depressive and social anxiety symptoms among educators and (2) how psychological flexibility related to symptoms.Methods:Educators (N = 853) completed a survey via Qualtrics that assessed internalizing symptoms, psychological flexibility, and occupational characteristics. Two one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) examined between-group differences in return-to-learn plans across depression and social anxiety. Two hierarchical linear regressions examined the relation between psychological flexibility components and depressive and social anxiety symptoms.Results:Median T-scores were well above the national normative means for General Depression (median T-score: 81) and Social Anxiety (median T-score: 67). There were no significant differences between reopening plans in general depression nor social anxiety T-scores. Psychological flexibility accounted for 33% of the variance in depressive symptoms and 24% of the variance in social anxiety symptoms.Conclusions:Results indicated high levels of psychiatric symptoms among educators during COVID-19, and psychological flexibility was associated with lower symptoms. Addressing educator mental health is of utmost importance in future research.
  PubDate: 2024-01-18
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.231
Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness of Oman Emergency Physicians and
Residents Regarding Radiation Emergencies
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  Authors: Al-Sulaimani; Suad K., Al-Balushi, Hassan, AL-Balushi, Aaisha, Panchatcharam, Sathiya Murthi, AL-Shamsi, Mohamed, Kazzi, Ziad, Al-Hatali, Badria
  First page: 7
  Abstract: Objective:Radiological emergency preparedness and response are increasingly acknowledged as vital components of both emergency readiness and public health. Previous studies have shown that medical providers feel unprepared to respond to radiation incidents. The existing level of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness held by emergency medicine residents and physicians in Oman, remain unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and awareness level of emergency residents and physicians in Oman regarding the management of radiation emergencies.Methods:An electronic survey was distributed to 44 emergency residents and 57 emergency physicians.Results:The response rate was 62.7% (N = 69/110). Notably, 62% reported no prior engagement in radiation emergency training. The majority of participants had neither employed nor received training in operating radiation detection devices. A significant gap in knowledge emerged, with the median self-reported knowledge score of 50/100. The majority of participants (59%) expressed a need for educational programs and materials.Conclusion:Our findings underscore the imperative for enhanced training in radiological incident preparedness for emergency medicine residents and physicians in Oman. The study reveals a clear necessity to bridge the existing gaps in knowledge and attitudes to bolster the readiness of health-care professionals to respond effectively to radiation emergencies.
  PubDate: 2024-01-19
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.191
Evaluation of a Disaster Preparedness Curriculum and Medical Students’
Views on Preparedness Education Requirements for Health Professionals
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  Authors: Schilly; Kayla, Huhn, Madelyn, Visker, Joseph D., Cox, Carol
  First page: 8
  Abstract: Objective:In general, medical students perceive themselves as inadequately prepared to assist in disasters. This study evaluated the impact of a disaster preparedness curriculum and medical students’ views toward required preparedness education for health care professionals.Methods:A comprehensive disaster preparedness curriculum was evaluated on its effect on medical students’ views on preparedness education requirements, preparedness, and prior disaster training using self-report survey methodology.Results:Results provide evidence to support curricular effectiveness in significantly increasing initial participant views of health professionals’ education requirements, perceived preparedness for integrating professional roles into the emergency response system, and confidence in exposure risk assessment and triage skills. Most participants possessed limited recent prior disaster training and drill experience. Most interestingly, the majority consistently believed throughout the study that disaster preparedness training should be a medical license mandate.Conclusions:For those instructing current medical students in disaster preparedness, it is suggested that a curriculum be chosen that can create participant initial anticipation, awareness, and belief in the importance of and need for disaster preparedness training. Further investigation is recommended into the relationship between students’ perceived training importance and any future curriculum delivery efforts on behalf of required or mandatory preparedness offerings in continuing professional development.
  PubDate: 2024-01-29
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.230
Implementation of an Awareness Level Training to Prepare the Workforce for
Future Infectious Disease Outbreaks
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  Authors: Workman; Brandon, Fulk, Florence, Carreón, Tania, Nabors, Laura
  First page: 9
  Abstract: Objective:The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for workforce awareness-level training for infectious disease outbreaks. A training program was created and evaluated to provide strategies for emergency preparedness as well as worker health and safety during a disease outbreak.Methods:Participants (N = 292) completed instructor-led synchronous online training modules between January 2022 and February 2023. Training covered 5 areas: vaccine awareness, infectious disease transmission and prevention, pandemic awareness, and inapparent infections, as well as workplace controls to reduce or remove hazards. Participants completed a survey before and after training to assess knowledge change in the five areas. Chi-square analyses assessed how predictors were related to knowledge change.Results:Overall, an increase in knowledge was observed between pre- (80.9%) and post-training (92.7%). Participants from small businesses, with less work experience, and in non-health care roles were under-informed. Knowledge of disease transmission and prevention improved for non-health care professions and workers with less experience. All participants gained knowledge in identifying and ranking safeguards to protect workers from injuries and illness at job sites.Conclusions:Training improved employee knowledge about safe work practices and pandemic preparedness. Studies should continue to evaluate the effectiveness of preparedness training to prepare the workforce for infectious disease outbreaks and pandemics.
  PubDate: 2024-01-30
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.10
Using the Number of N95® Filtering Facepiece Respirator Models as an
Indicator of Supply Chain Stability in a US Health-Care System
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  Authors: Furek; Alexa, Edirisooriya, Mihili, Casey, Megan, Haas, Emily J.
  First page: 10
  Abstract: Objectives:Personal protective equipment (PPE) supply chain disruptions force US health-care entities to adopt conservation strategies such as procurement from different respirator manufacturers. This research seeks to better understand how the number of respirator models on hand can serve as an indicator of N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) supply chain stability or disruption.Methods:Researchers looked at differences in the mean number of N95 FFR models, averaged weekly, from 10 hospitals in a health-care system over 15 wk from June 1 to September 10, 2020. Participating hospitals entered near-daily PPE inventory data by manufacturer and model number.Results:A linear mixed effect model was run in SPSS v. 26 using a random intercept for hospitals, with week as a fixed predictor and mean number of respirator models (averaged weekly) on hand as the dependent variable. Each week showed a small but significant effect compared with the past week (P < 0.001), where the average weekly number of respirator models on hand decreased.Conclusions:The limited data may indicate a resolution of supply chain disruptions and warrant further investigation. Consequently, the number of respirator models may be applicable as an indicator of supply chain stability and be more easily ascertained and tracked by health-care entities.
  PubDate: 2024-01-30
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.9
Experiences, Challenges, and Lessons Learned From COVID-19: A Case Study
of Mental Health in Pakistan
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  Authors: Mukhtar; Sonia
  First page: 11
  PubDate: 2024-01-30
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.2
Trends and Characteristics of Terrorist Attacks Against Nightclub Venues
Over 5 Decades
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  Authors: Rahman; Grace R., Liang, Stephen Y., Tian, Linlin, Sin, Steve S., Jasani, Gregory N.
  First page: 12
  Abstract: Introduction:Nightclubs are entertainment and hospitality venues historically vulnerable to terrorist attacks. This study identified and characterized terrorist attacks targeting nightclubs and discotheques documented in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-y period.Methods:A search of the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was conducted from 1970 to 2019. Precoded variables for target type “business” and target subtype “entertainment/cultural/stadium/casino” were used to identify attacks potentially involving nightclubs. Nightclub venues were specifically identified using the search terms “club,” “nightclub,” and “discotheque.” Two authors manually reviewed each entry to confirm the appropriateness for inclusion. Descriptive statistics were performed using R (3.6.1).Results:A total of 114 terrorist attacks targeting nightclub venues were identified from January 1, 1970, through December 31, 2019. Seventy-four (64.9%) attacks involved nightclubs, while forty (35.1%) attacks involved discotheques. A bombing or explosion was involved in 84 (73.7%) attacks, followed by armed assault in 14 (12.3%) attacks. The highest number of attacks occurred in Western Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. In total, 284 persons died, and 1175 persons were wounded in attacks against nightclub venues.Conclusions:While terrorist attacks against nightclub venues are infrequent, the risk for mass casualties and injuries can be significant, mainly when explosives and armed assaults are used.
  PubDate: 2024-01-30
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.236
A National Laboratory Perspective: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on
the Management of Patients With Non-Communicable Disease in South Africa:
Impact of COVID-19 on patients with noncommunicable diseases
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  Authors: Kruger; Elsie C., Van der Westhuizen, Diederick J., Erasmus, Timothy R., Banderker, Razia B., Jacob, Doreen, Moodley, Nareshni, Ngxamngxa, Unathi, Kengne, Andre P., Zemlin, Annalise E.
  First page: 13
  Abstract: Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on test requests for the diagnosis and routine care of patients with various non-communicable diseases (NCD) across South Africa (SA).Methods:A retrospective audit of laboratory test requests received from hospital outpatient departments and primary healthcare facilities across SA was performed. The following analytes were studied: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids profiles, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroxine (fT4), as well as triiodothyronine (fT3), serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), serum free light chains (SFLC), and prostate specific antigen (PSA); these tests were used as a proxy of NCD detection and follow-up. Requests received during the 3 waves of the pandemic were compared to requests received within the same period during 2017 - 2019.Results:During the first wave, requests for all analytes were reduced, with the biggest reduction observed for SPE (− 37%); TSH (− 29%); fT4 (− 28%); and HbA1c (− 25%). Requests received from urban facilities showed a larger decrease compared to those from rural facilities. During the third wave there was an increase in requests for all analytes; the biggest increase observed was for fT3 (21%) and HbA1c (18%).Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the South African population receiving care in the public healthcare sector.
  PubDate: 2024-01-30
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.8
Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness of Oman Emergency Physicians and
Residents Regarding Radiation Emergencies – CORRIGENDUM
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  Authors: Al-Sulaimani; Suad K., Al-Balushi, Hassan, AL-Balushi, Aaisha, Panchatcharam, Sathiya Murthi, AL-Shamsi, Mohamed, Kazzi, Ziad, Alhatali, Badria
  First page: 14
  PubDate: 2024-01-31
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.13
The Impact of Exposure to Previous Disasters on Hospital Disaster Surge
Capacity Preparedness in Finland: Hospital disaster surge capacity
preparedness
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  Authors: Kerola; Anna, Hirvensalo, Eero, Franc, Jeffrey M.
  First page: 15
  Abstract: Objective:As disasters are rare and high-impact events, it is important that the learnings from disasters are maximized. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of exposure to a past disaster or mass casualty incident (MCI) on local hospital surge capacity planning.Methods:The current hospital preparedness plans of hospitals receiving surgical emergency patients in Finland were collected (n = 28) and analyzed using the World Health Organization (WHO) hospital emergency checklist tool. The surge capacity score was compared between the hospitals that had been exposed to a disaster or MCI with those who had not.Results:The overall median score of all key components on the WHO checklist was 76% (range 24%). The median surge capacity score was 65% (range 39%). There was no statistical difference between the surge capacity score of the hospitals with history of a disaster or MCI compared to those without (65% for both, P = 0.735).Conclusion:Exposure to a past disaster or MCI did not appear to be associated with an increased local hospital disaster surge capacity score. The study suggests that disaster planning should include structured post-action processes for enabling meaningful improvement after an experienced disaster or MCI.
  PubDate: 2024-01-31
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.1
Determinants of Psychosocial Health Status in Pregnant and Postpartum
Women Experiencing Earthquake in Turkey
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  Authors: Yalniz Dilcen; Hacer, Çakır Koçak, Yeliz, Ada, Güleser, Demir Bozkurt, Feyza, Dülger, Hanifi
  First page: 16
  Abstract: Objective:It is well known that natural disasters such as earthquakes negatively affect physical and mental health by exposing people to excessive stress. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of psychosocial health status among the pregnant and postpartum women who experienced earthquake in Türkiye.Methods:Pregnant and postpartum women (n = 125) living in tent cities in the Kahramanmaraş region formed the study sample. Data were collected between February 20 and 26, 2023, through face-to-face interviews. The instruments used for data collection were the Introductory Form, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale, and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder–Short Scale.Results:A moderate positive relationship was found between stress and posttraumatic stress and traumatic childbirth perception in pregnant and postpartum women, and a high positive relationship was found between anxiety and depression. A high level of relationship was found between anxiety and stress and depression.Conclusions:It is seen that the psychosocial health of pregnant and postpartum women, who belong to the risk group in the earthquake zone, is at high risk. Psychological support is urgently needed to preserve and improve their psychosocial health.
  PubDate: 2024-02-02
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.11
Evaluation of the Situations of Coping With Mental Trauma and Trauma in
Emergency Service Personnel Who Medically Intervened to Earthquake
Affected People in the 2020 Izmir Earthquake
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  Authors: Keskin; Gülseren, Yurt, Esra
  First page: 17
  Abstract: Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the mental trauma and coping status of emergency health care workers who responded to the earthquake affected people in the October 2020 Izmir earthquake.Methods:This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Posttraumatic Cognition Inventory, Strategies for Coping with Earthquake Stress Scale (SCESS), and Post-earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale (PETLDS) were used. Independent t-test, analysis of variance, Tukey’s test, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was accepted as P ≤ 0.05.Results:A total of 113 health-care professionals participated in the study. There is a positive and high degree of correlation between the religious coping sub-dimension of the SCESS and the PETLDS (P < 0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between the religious coping sub-dimension of the SCESS and the state anxiety (P < 0.001) and trait anxiety (P < 0.001) subscales of the STAI.Conclusions:In our study, mental trauma and post-traumatic coping levels of health-care workers who were exposed to earthquakes differed according to age, gender, and educational status. We found that post-earthquake trauma levels were directly related to state and trait anxiety levels and religious coping levels. We found that, after the earthquake, social support seeking behavior, state and trait anxiety levels increased; negative cognitions about self, negative cognitions about the world, and self-blame increased.Practice implications: This study draws attention to the evaluation of emergency health workers who work at the forefront of disasters in terms of subsyndromal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is recommended to make plans for psychologically protective and preventive interventions for health-care workers especially after disasters.
  PubDate: 2024-02-02
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.237
How Do Past Immunization Strategies Compare With the COVID-19 Immunization
Rollout: A New Zealand Analysis
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  Authors: Anderson; Emma, Fenton, Elizabeth, Priest, Patricia, Sullivan, Trudy
  First page: 18
  Abstract: Objective:The aim of this study was to compare past New Zealand immunization strategies with the New Zealand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunization roll-out.Methods:Using the READ document analysis method, 2 New Zealand immunization strategies (for influenza and measles) were analyzed for how the disease, context, vaccine supply and demand, ethical principles (equity, individual autonomy, and maximizing benefits), and the Treaty of Waitangi impacted the immunization programs. The findings were compared with the ongoing COVID-19 mass immunization program in New Zealand, as of October 15, 2021.Results:Several themes common to the case-studies and the COVID-19 pandemic were identified including the importance of equity, obligations under the Treaty of Waitangi, ethical mandates, and preparedness.Conclusions:Future emergency planning should integrate learnings from other infectious disease responses and immunization programs to avoid repeating mistakes and to create better health outcomes. This study has provided a basis for ongoing research into how an appropriate immunization plan can be developed that incorporates ethical values, the Treaty of Waitangi (in the NZ context), and evidence-based research to increase trust, equity, health, and preparedness for future outbreaks.
  PubDate: 2024-02-08
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.3
Contributing Risk Factors to Self-Contamination During the Process of
Donning and Doffing Personal Protective Equipment
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  Authors: Liu; Yunyun, Tan, Fengling, Yao, Qiu, Wang, Shuqi, Zhou, Ping, Sun, Yihui, Li, Liubing
  First page: 19
  Abstract: Objective:The goal of this study is to explore the risk factors associated with self-contamination points during personal protective equipment (PPE) donning and doffing among health care workers (HCWs).Methods:In total, 116 HCWs were randomly sampled and trained to don and doff the whole PPE set. We smeared the whole PPE set with the fluorescent powder. After each participant finished PPE doffing, the whole body was irradiated with ultraviolet light in order to detect contamination points and record the position and quantity. Sociodemographic characteristics and previous infection prevention control (IPC) training experience, among others, were collected by using electronic questionnaires. Poisson regression was used in identifying risk factors that are associated with the number of contamination points, and the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results:About 78.5% of participants were contaminated. Ever training experience (RR = 0.37; 0.26, 0.52), clinical departments (RR = 0.67; 0.49, 0.93), body mass index (BMI) (RR = 1.09; 1.01, 1.18), and shoulder width (RR = 1.07; 1.01, 1.13) were associated with the number of contamination points.Conclusions:Previous IPC training experience, department types, BMI, and shoulder width were associated with self-contamination points after the PPE was removed.
  PubDate: 2024-02-08
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.234
Assessment of Nutritional Composition of Turkish Red Crescent Menus After
the M7.8 and M7.6 Earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
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  Authors: Günalan; Elif, Yoldaş, Tuba, Turgut, Rana, Yenigün, Ayça, Yıldırım Çavak, Betül, Parmaksız, Ayhan
  First page: 20
  Abstract: Objective:This study aims to evaluate the nutritional content and quality of the Turkish Red Crescent (TRC) menus delivered to earthquake victims after the 2023 earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.Methods:The menus of general, search-rescue, diabetes, and celiac were obtained from the TRC following the magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.6 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The nutrient content of the menus was evaluated with the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF20.3) score. In addition, the menus’ energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient contents were compared with the dietary reference intake values of the Türkiye Dietary Guideline—2022, European Food Safety Authority, and Food and Drug Administration.Results:The general menu was insufficient to meet the daily requirements of vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium for earthquake victims. The sodium, phosphorous, and omega-6/omega-3 ratios were much higher than the recommended intakes. The NRF20.3 score of the diabetes menu was significantly higher than the search-rescue and celiac menus (P
  PubDate: 2024-02-12
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.16
Emergency Nurse Roles, Challenges, and Preparedness in Hospitals in the
Context of Armed Conflict
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  Authors: Mani; Zakaria, Kuhn, Lisa, Plummer, Virginia
  First page: 21
  Abstract: Introduction:An understanding of emergency nurses’ roles, challenges, and preparedness in the context of armed conflict is necessary to capture in-depth insights into this specialty and their preparational needs when working in these unique environments. Unfortunately, the evidence about emergency nurses’ work in the context of armed conflict is scant.Method:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The COREQ guideline for reporting qualitative research was followed.Results:The emergency nurses’ roles, challenges, and preparedness in hospitals in the context of armed conflict were explored in detail. The main challenges that these nurses faced included poor orientation, access block, and communication barriers. Various perspectives about preparation, including education, training, and strategies for preparing emergency nurses were identified. The most striking findings in these settings were the diversity of armed conflict injuries, clinical profiles of patients, triage of mass casualties, trauma care, surge capacity, orientation, communication, and strategies for preparing nurses.Conclusions:This study provided an exploration of the scope of emergency nurses’ roles, and how they were prepared and expected to function across multiple hospitals in armed conflict areas. The resultant snapshot of their experiences, challenges, and responsibilities provides an informative resource and outlines essential information for future emergency nursing workforce preparedness. There is a broad range of preparational courses being undertaken by emergency nurses to work effectively in settings of armed conflict; however, required education and training should be carefully planned according to their actual roles and responsibilities in these settings.
  PubDate: 2024-02-12
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.7
Factors Contributing to Pharmacies With Good Disaster Preparedness and the
Activities of Their Prefectural Pharmaceutical Association: Pharmacies’
resilience and associations
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  Authors: Ozeki; Kayoko, Ojima, Toshiyuki
  First page: 22
  Abstract: Objective:Pharmacies have a particularly important responsibility to supply medicine to disaster victims in order to save lives. This study investigated the characteristics of pharmacies that are well prepared for disasters as well as the efforts of the prefectural pharmaceutical association (PPA) to which the pharmacies belong.Methods:Questionnaires on matters related to disaster preparedness were mailed to 50 randomly selected pharmacies in each of Japan’s 47 prefectures as well as all 47 PPAs in Japan. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of pharmacy background and the activities of the PPA to which they belong with pharmacy disaster preparedness as well as the association with pharmacies’ awareness of disaster preparedness.Results:Pharmacies in prefectures that conducted disaster preparedness training at least three times a year were better prepared for disasters. In addition, pharmacies with high online utilization and high disaster-preparedness awareness were significantly more prepared for disasters.Conclusions:Pharmacies that can promptly provide medicine to disaster victims are considered to be well-prepared for disasters. The results suggest that pharmacy preparedness is also influenced by the disaster preparedness activities of their prefectures.
  PubDate: 2024-02-12
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.12
Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators of Mask-Wearing Behavior During
the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan, the United States, the Netherlands, and
Haiti: A Qualitative Study
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  Authors: Wang; Chia-Wen, de Jong, Erik Pieter, Faure, Josemyrne Ashley, Ellington, Jaylynn Leigh, Chen, Chi-Hsin Sally, Chan, Chang-Chuan
  First page: 23
  Abstract: Objective:This study explored the barriers and facilitators of mask-wearing behaviors during the pandemic in Taiwan, the United States, the Netherlands, and Haiti.Methods:Face-to-face interviews were conducted in Taiwan and online interviews were conducted with participants in the United States, the Netherlands, and Haiti.Results:In general, the habit of wearing a mask before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported by Taiwanese participants. Additionally, Taiwanese participants perceived that wearing a mask was a social responsibility during the pandemic, suggesting that the collectivistic context might influence mask-wearing behavior. Unlike the Taiwanese population, some people in the United States and the Netherlands were reluctant to wear masks due to perceived restrictions on their freedom. Participants from Haiti mentioned that people who wore masks encountered violence, bullying, and discrimination. The results of this study suggest that political leadership and mask mandates have a strong impact on people’s mask-wearing behavior.Conclusions:These findings have valuable implications for the design of diverse behavioral interventions to enhance mask-wearing as part of infectious disease preparedness. Additionally, the findings from these countries offer valuable insights for the development of effective public health interventions to enhance society’s resilience during the current pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks.
  PubDate: 2024-02-14
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.4
Optimizing Disaster Response: Structuring the Medical Branch
Association’s Committees for Earthquake Emergencies
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  Authors: Günerhan; Göksal, Dağlar, Zeynep, Çağıl, Emin
  First page: 24
  PubDate: 2024-02-16
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.29
A National Laboratory Perspective: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on
the Management of Patients With Non-Communicable Disease in South Africa:
Impact of COVID-19 on patients with noncommunicable diseases – ERRATUM
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  Authors: Kruger; Elsie C., Van der Westhuizen, Diederick J., Erasmus, Rajiv T., Banderker, Razia B., Jacob, Doreen, Moodley, Nareshni, Ngxamngxa, Unathi, Kengne, Andre P., Zemlin, Annalise E.
  First page: 25
  PubDate: 2024-02-15
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.32
The End of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico: Omicron Sublineages BQ.1 and
XBB Trigger the Sixth Wave of Infections
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  Authors: De La Cruz-Hernández; Sergio Isaac, Álvarez-Contreras, Ana Karen
  First page: 26
  PubDate: 2024-02-19
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.19
Excess Mortality During 2020 in Spain: The Most Affected Population, Age,
and Educational Group by the COVID-19 Pandemic
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  Authors: Pulido; José, Barrio, Gregorio, Donat, Marta, Politi, Julieta, Moreno, Almudena, Cea-Soriano, Lucía, Guerras, Juan Miguel, Huertas, Lidia, Mateo-Urdiales, Alberto, Ronda, Elena, Martínez, David, Lostao, Lourdes, Belza, María José, Regidor, Enrique
  First page: 27
  Abstract: Objective:The objective of this work was to study mortality increase in Spain during the first and second academic semesters of 2020, coinciding with the first 2 waves of the Covid-19 pandemic; by sex, age, and education.Methods:An observational study was carried out, using linked populations and deaths’ data from 2017 to 2020. The mortality rates from all causes and leading causes other than Covid-19 during each semester of 2020, compared to the 2017–2019 averages for the same semester, was also estimated. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) and differences were used for comparison.Results:All-cause mortality rates increased in 2020 compared to pre-covid, except among working-age, (25–64 years) highly-educated women. Such increases were larger in lower-educated people between the working age range, in both 2020 semesters, but not at other ages. In the elderly, the MMR in the first semester in women and men were respectively, 1.14, and 1.25 among lower-educated people, and 1.28 and 1.23 among highly-educated people. In the second semester, the MMR were 1.12 in both sexes among lower-educated people and 1.13 in women and 1.16 in men among highly-educated people.Conclusion:Lower-educated people within working age and highly-educated people at older ages showed the greatest increase in all-cause mortality in 2020, compared to the pre-pandemic period.
  PubDate: 2024-02-19
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.17
A Pediatric-Focused Self-Assessment Tool on Vulnerabilities to Aid
Regional Disaster Planning
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  Authors: Pintea; Michelle, Dahl Grove, Deanna
  First page: 28
  Abstract: Objective:A significant number of disaster and emergency victims are children. Yet, many hospitals are ill-prepared to care for these patients during disasters, as identified by the National Pediatric Readiness Project’s survey of hospital pediatric disaster plans. The Region V for Kids Center of Excellence created a self-assessment tool to help regions identify vulnerabilities and ways to enhance care for vulnerable children and families.Methods:Region V for Kids identified 9 key domains (eg, infrastructures and support mechanisms) that are important to safeguard children’s and families’ care during disasters. A self-assessment tool to assess these domains was distributed to 24 regional health care coalitions along with a 9-question usefulness survey. The self-assessment tool addressed 3 of the original domains, which have regional or national open-source databases and datapoints that health care coalitions can access for their responses.Results:The survey received a 50% response rate. Approximately 40% of respondents indicated they were “somewhat likely” to make changes based on data gathered by the tool. The original self-assessment tool was revised to create an expanded web-based version.Conclusions:Health care coalitions and localities can use this tool to evaluate pediatric preparedness, identify needed improvements, and improve outcomes for children, families, and communities.
  PubDate: 2024-02-19
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.27
Emergency Department Volumes After State-Wide Lockdown Orders Across the
United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: COVID-19 lockdown and
emergency volume
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  Authors: Lau; Nicole, Patterson, Stephen, Kim, Steven, Kim, Tommy Y.
  First page: 29
  Abstract: Objective:The objective of this study was to describe changes in emergency department volumes after statewide lockdown in a network of hospitals across the United States during the COVID-19 global pandemic.Methods:A retrospective study was performed utilizing data on daily volumes across multiple emergency departments from a centralized data warehouse from a private for-profit hospital system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean daily volumes of 148 emergency departments were evaluated across 16 states in relation to each state’s governmental statewide lockdown orders. Comparisons of the same period in the prior year were evaluated for percent changes in volumes. We also compared pre-lockdown to post-lockdown volumes. A separate analysis was made for the pediatric ED volumes.Results:The 2020 post-lockdown volumes compared to the same 2019 dates revealed a mean percent change of −43.09%. The overall post-lockdown volumes compared to the pre-lockdown volumes had a mean percent change of −45.00%. The pediatric data revealed a greater mean percentage change in volumes of −71.52% (post-lockdown compared to 2019) and −69.03% (post-lockdown compared to pre-lockdown).Conclusions:This study found an overall decrease in volumes among 148 emergency departments across 16 states when compared to the comparable period pre-global pandemic.
  PubDate: 2024-02-19
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.22
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pre-Hospital Emergency Medical
Services: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on pre-hospital services
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  Authors: Çavuş; Kadir, Akbulut, Meryem, Kaya, Afşin A.
  First page: 30
  Abstract: Background:The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease outbreak started in China and went on to affect the entire world. Healthcare providers were among the communities that faced severe challenges during the pandemic, and this was especially true of Pre-Hospital Emergency Medical Services (PHEMS) providers.Objectives:This study aims to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on service requests submitted to PHEMS providers via calls made to emergency hotlines.Methods:Data were obtained on calls made to 112 (the emergency hotline) during March – August 2020 (i.e., during the pandemic) and the same period the previous year (i.e., the pre-pandemic period). These 2 data sets were analyzed and compared using the SPSS 26 software package (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA).Results:The results of the analysis indicated that the total number of emergency calls received during the pandemic period (11 745) increased compared to the pre-pandemic period (10 747), whereas there was a decrease in the proportion of trauma-related emergency calls during the pandemic period (5.3%) compared to the pre-pandemic period (6.8%). Furthermore, there was a higher proportion of extended service times among ambulances serving in PHEMS during the pandemic period (ambulance movements longer than 90 seconds: 15.6%) compared to the pre-pandemic period (ambulance movements longer than 90 seconds: 8.6%). Non-emergency ambulance usage rate was 44.90% in the pre-pandemic period and 38.90% in the pandemic period.Conclusions:As the study’s results show that there was an increase in the number of calls to PHEMS during the pandemic period, especially given that a significant portion of these calls consisted of non-emergency calls, it is recommended that measures be taken to reduce the excessive load on PHEMS during a pandemic.
  PubDate: 2024-02-20
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.23
Earthquakes, Hurricanes, Pandemics: Pharmacy Students Impacting Pharmacy
Practice in Puerto Rico Through Medication Therapy Management Services
During Disasters
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  Authors: Arce; Lillian, Hale, Genevieve, Khanfar, Nile, Pérez Ayala, Nicolle, Aponte Torres, Gabriela, Acosta Medina, Harriel
  First page: 31
  Abstract: Background:Community-based medication therapy management advanced pharmacy practice experiences (MTM APPE) can engage pharmacy students in public health initiatives, including emergency response preparedness, to successfully impact patient care. This study aimed to evaluate pharmacy students’ perceptions of their experience on an MTM APPE during disasters in Puerto Rico.Methods:After completing the MTM APPE during times of hurricanes, earthquake or pandemic, pharmacy students were asked to voluntarily participate in a questionnaire about their perception of assisting during a disaster. The survey consisted of 5 questions. Four questions were based on a Likert scale with answers choices ranging from Agree, Not Sure, Disagree, or Not Applicable. One question requested free text comments from participants.Results:Sixteen students completed the survey. Pharmacy students agreed that the MTM APPE taught them the clinical skills needed to assist and educate individual patients and the community that suffered from a disaster, and that the role of the pharmacist is vital when a disaster disrupts a community’s health-care system.Conclusions:Training in emergency response to disasters should be a considered component of MTM APPE.
  PubDate: 2024-02-21
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.24
Pralidoxime Is no Longer Fit for Purpose as an Antidote to Organophosphate
Poisoning in the United Kingdom
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  Authors: Corby; George
  First page: 32
  Abstract: Pralidoxime is the only oxime antidote to organophosphate poisoning stocked in the United Kingdom, produced by rational drug design in the 1950s. Typically, it is used alongside atropine, to reverse the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. However, its efficacy has been questioned by recent meta-analyses of use treating attempted suicides in less economically developed countries, where organophosphate poisoning is more common. This policy analysis assesses the likely efficacy of pralidoxime in the United Kingdom, in scenarios largely different from those evaluated in meta-analyses. In all scenarios, the UK delay in antidote administration poses a major problem, as pralidoxime acts in a time-critical reactivation mechanism before “ageing” of acetylcholinesterase occurs. Additionally, changes in the organophosphates used today versus those pralidoxime was rationally designed to reverse, have reduced efficacy since the 1950s. Finally, the current dosage regimen may be insufficient. Therefore, one must re-evaluate our preparedness and approach to organophosphate poisoning in the United Kingdom.
  PubDate: 2024-02-22
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.25
Cutaneous Radiation Injuries: REAC/TS Clinical Experience
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  Authors: Ervin; Mark D., Goans, Ronald, Diffenderfer-Stewart, Kristy, Aloisi, Becky, Iddins, Carol J.
  First page: 33
  Abstract: The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) is one of the US Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Nuclear Emergency Response Team (NEST) assets and has been responding to radiological incidents since 1976. REAC/TS is in the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). A critical part of the REAC/TS mission is to provide emergency response, advice, and consultation on injuries and illnesses caused from ionizing radiation. Fortunately, radiation injuries are not frequent, but when they occur, they are more likely to be cutaneous radiation injuries (CRI) or internal contamination. In this paper, we will review selected cases from the REAC/TS experience in order to illustrate cutaneous patterns of injury and treatment options.
  PubDate: 2024-02-22
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.233
The Use of the Health Belief Model in the Context of Heatwaves Research: A
Rapid Review
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  Authors: Ullah; Farman, Ragazzoni, Luca, Hubloue, Ives, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Valente, Martina
  First page: 34
  Abstract: As heatwaves increase and intensify worldwide, so has the research aimed at outlining strategies to protect individuals from their impact. Interventions that promote adaptive measures to heatwaves are encouraged, but evidence on how to develop such interventions is still scarce. Although the Health Belief Model is one of the leading frameworks guiding behavioral change interventions, the evidence of its use in heatwave research is limited. This rapid review aims to identify and describe the main themes and key findings in the literature regarding the use of the Health Belief Model in heatwaves research. It also highlights important research gaps and future research priorities. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 10 articles were included, with a geographic distribution as follows: United States (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), Pakistan (n = 1), and China (n = 1), as well as Malaysia (n = 2), Germany (n = 1), and Austria (n = 1). Results showed a lack of research using the Health Belief Model to study heatwaves induced by climate change. Half of the studies assessed heatwave risk perception, with the 2 most frequently used constructs being Perceived Susceptibility and Perceived Severity. The Self-efficacy construct was instead used less often. Most of the research was conducted in urban communities. This review underscores the need for further research using the Health Belief Model.
  PubDate: 2024-02-22
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.26
Radiation and Chemical Program Research for Multi-Utility and Repurposed
Countermeasures: A US Department of Health and Human Services Agencies
Perspective
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  Authors: Rios; Carmen I., Garcia, Efrain E., Hogdahl, Thomas S., Homer, Mary J., Iyer, Narayan V., Laney, Judith W., Loelius, Shannon G., Satyamitra, Merriline M., DiCarlo, Andrea L.
  First page: 35
  Abstract: Although chemical and radiological agents cause toxicity through different mechanisms, the multiorgan injuries caused by these threats share similarities that convene on the level of basic biological responses. This publication will discuss these areas of convergence and explore “multi-utility” approaches that could be leveraged to address common injury mechanisms underlying actions of chemical and radiological agents in a threat-agnostic manner. In addition, we will provide an overview of the current state of radiological and chemical threat research, discuss the US Government’s efforts toward medical preparedness, and identify potential areas for collaboration geared toward enhancing preparedness and response against radiological and chemical threats. We also will discuss previous regulatory experience to provide insight on how to navigate regulatory paths for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval/licensure/clearance for products addressing chemical or radiological/nuclear threats. This publication follows a 2022 trans-agency meeting titled, “Overlapping Science in Radiation and Sulfur Mustard Exposures of Skin and Lung: Consideration of Models, Mechanisms, Organ Systems, and Medical Countermeasures,” sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Discussions from this meeting explored the overlapping nature of radiation and chemical injury and spurred increased interest in how preparedness for one threat leads to preparedness for the other. Herein, subject matter experts from the NIAID and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), a part of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), summarize the knowledge gained from recently funded biomedical research, as well as insights from the 2022 meeting. These topics include identification of common areas for collaboration, potential use of biomarkers of injury to identify injuries caused by both hazards, and common and widely available treatments that could treat damage caused by radiological or chemical threats.
  PubDate: 2024-02-22
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.226
Pandemic Volunteers: The Imperative for Regulations and Training
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  Authors: Su; Zhaohui, McDonnell, Dean, Bentley, Barry L., Cheshmehzangi, Ali, Ahmad, Junaid, Šegalo, Sabina, da Veiga, Claudimar Pereira, Xiang, Yu-Tao
  First page: 36
  PubDate: 2024-02-27
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.2
Response to Letter to the Editor
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  Authors: Burkle; Frederick M., Goniewicz, Krzysztof
  First page: 37
  PubDate: 2024-02-27
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.30
Overcrowding in the Dispatching Centre During the COVID-19 Crisis: Are
Medical Students a Resource'
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  Authors: Douillet; Delphine, Plard, Delphine, Morin, François, Courjault, Yannick, Gaultier, Gwladys, Lerolle, Nicolas, Templier, François, Roy, Pierre-Marie, Savary, Dominique
  First page: 38
  Abstract: Introduction:In February, the emergence of COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID - 19) in France made it necessary to rapidly adapt emergency and SAMU services in order to take care of many infected patients. To respond to the increase in the number of calls in the dispatch centers, reinforcements were necessary on the fronts of the Medical Regulation Assistants (ARM). The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of medical students’ responses to first calls exclusively concerning COVID-19.Methods:This prospective, observational cohort study was carried out at the University Hospital Centre (CHU) in Angers. Twenty medical students mostly in the 5th year were voluntarily enrolled in the first line COVID-19 call taker team. Calls on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th starting day for each medical student, and randomly selected calls from the experienced first-line call taker were listened to by a medical expert to assess the adequate level of prioritization and orientation (emergency physician or general practitioner). The percentage of agreement between the expert, students, and experienced first-line call handlers were assessed. All participants gave their free consent to participate. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Angers (N° 2020-48).Results:From March 18 to April 23, 2020, 302 calls from medical students (n = 20 students) and 40 calls from experienced first-line call handlers were analyzed. The average prioritization agreement rate between the expert and students was 76.16% (95% Confidence Interval: 71.04 to 80.62%) (n = 230/302) compared to 87.50% (95% CI: 73.9 to 94.5%) (n = 45/50) for the experienced first-line call handlers (P = 0.15). Medical students took more time per call with an absolute difference of 2 minutes 16 seconds (P < 0.001).Conclusion:The lessons to be observed from this COVID-19 crisis are that in the early days of increasing calls heralding a strain on the healthcare system, support by medical students must be considered.
  PubDate: 2024-02-28
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.15
Qualitative Data Collection 1-Year Post Disaster Provided Insight Into
Unique Concerns of Affected Community Residents During Long-Term Recovery
– Illinois, July 2022
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  Authors: DeJonge; Peter, Sekkarie, Ahlia, Martell, Sandra, Patrick, Sarah, Caudill, Motria, Horton, D. Kevin, Orr, Maureen F., Konkle, Stacey
  First page: 39
  PubDate: 2024-02-28
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.18
Mass Decontamination of Companion Dogs in Disaster: Planning for
Personnel, Water, and Time Requirements
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  Authors: Zoran; Debra L., Bassinger, Shawn C., Budke, Christine M., Fridley, Jennifer L.
  First page: 40
  Abstract: Objective:The importance of companion animals in the daily lives of people, and the increasing incidence and severity of natural disasters impacting people and their animals, is very well documented. However, despite the advancement of companion animal response capabilities, decontamination remains an inconsistently implemented component of disaster response. The challenge for local authorities is their need for planning factors and protocols specific to companion animal decontamination which are generally lacking. Data is provided on the average time requirements, water use and containment resources necessary, and the personnel required to decontaminate (decon) a large number of companion dogs.Methods:Sixty-three lightly contaminated, medium weight, short to medium coat, highly tractable dogs (Labradors and Hounds) from a State facility colony were used to determine the water requirements, soap effectiveness, and time required to complete decon (washing/bathing). Data were collected over a 6-mo period using 2 personnel that were randomly assigned to wash the dogs. Difference in weight, bathing time, and water use between groups was evaluated using a 2-tailed 2-sample t-test for independent data.Results:The time and water requirements were significantly different between medium coated dogs and short coated dogs. On average, for a short coated dog, the amount of time to complete decon was 7 min, and the amount of water was 8-10 gal. For medium coated dogs, the time increased to 10-12 min to complete the process and 12-15 gal water.Discussion:The results of this study provide important insights emergency management planners, animal response team members, and community personnel tasked with implementation of mass decontamination of companion dogs following a natural or man-made disaster.
  PubDate: 2024-02-28
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.229
Effectiveness of an Intervention Program to Enhance the Self-Confidence of
Kindergarten Teachers Dealing with Radiation-Related Health Concerns from
Parents of Young Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study
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  Authors: Moriyama; Nobuaki, Nakayama, Chihiro, Watanabe, Kiyotaka, Kuga, Tomomi, Yasumura, Seiji
  First page: 41
  Abstract: Objective:This study examined the effectiveness of an intervention program to enhance the self-confidence of kindergarten teachers who address radiation-related health concerns among parents following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011, wherein radiation anxiety among mothers with young children was high. Kindergarten teachers are expected to address the concerns of these parentsMethods:Participants from 2 private kindergartens in Fukushima City were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 10), which received an intervention program comprising lectures, group discussions, and presentations, or the control group (n = 16), which received only written materials used in the intervention program. Changes in the measured scores post-intervention were calculated, and the mean values were compared between both groups using the Student’s t-test.Results:The primary outcome was self-confidence, and the difference-in-differences approach was used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention program. The study found a more significant difference between pre- and post-intervention self-confidence in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.01).Conclusions:The intervention program effectively enhanced the self-confidence of kindergarten teachers in dealing with radiation-related health concerns of parents with young children.
  PubDate: 2024-03-01
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.33
Determining the Impact of Hurricane Dorian and the Covid-19 Pandemic on
Moral Distress in Emergency Medical Providers at the Rand Memorial
Hospital: Moral distress in emergency medical personnel
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  Authors: Storr; Latoya E., Hertelendy, Attila J., Hart, Alexander, Cheng, Lenard, Issa, Fadi, Benham, Todd, Ciottone, Gregory
  First page: 42
  Abstract: Objectives:The aim of this work was to determine the impact of Moral Distress (MD) in emergency physicians, nurses, and emergency medical service staff at the Rand Memorial Hospital (RMH) in the Bahamas, and the impact of Hurricane Dorian and the COVID-19 pandemic on Moral Distress.Method:A cross-sectional study utilizing a 3-part survey, which collected sociodemographic information, Hurricane Dorian and COVID-19 experiences, as well as responses to a validated modified Moral Distress Scale (MDS).Results:Participants with 2 negatively impactful experiences from COVID-19 had statistically significantly increased MD compared to participants with only 1 negatively impactful experience (40.4 vs. 23.6, P = 0.014). Losing a loved one due to COVID-19 was associated with significantly decreased MD (B = - 0.42, 95% CI -19.70 to -0.88, P = 0.03). Losing a loved one due to Hurricane Dorian had a non-statistically significant trend towards higher MD scores (B = 0.34, 95% CI -1.23 to 28.75, P = 0.07).Conclusion:The emergency medical staff at the RMH reported having mild - moderate MD. This is one of the first studies to look at the impact of concurrent disasters on MD in emergency medical providers in the Bahamas.
  PubDate: 2024-03-07
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.28
Public Perception Toward the Malaysian National COVID-19 Immunisation
Programme (PICK) in the State of Sabah, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Survey
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  Authors: Jafar; Adi, Dollah, Ramli, Sakke, Nordin, Mapa, Mohammad Tahir, Atang, Colonius, Joko, Eko Prayitno, Sarjono, Fauzie, Zakaria, Noor Syakirah, George, Fionna, Vun Hung, Chong
  First page: 43
  Abstract: The Malaysian Government has initiated the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme, known as PICK, to be a national strategy for addressing the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic across the country. Although the government intensified public awareness to increase program registration, the total number that registered in the state of Sabah, located in East Malaysia, was relatively low during August 2021, accounting for only 42.9% as compared to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, this paper examines the public perception toward the PICK program in Sabah based on 4 main components: safety, communication, psychology, and milieu. This study is based on the empirical findings drawn from 1024 respondents across Sabah using online Google Form surveys. This study adopts 5 methodologies for data analysis by using K-means clustering, mean score, Mann–Whitney U test, spatial analysis, and frequency analysis. It has been revealed that the percentage of respondents (categorized as Cluster 1) who have a negative perception toward the vaccination program is higher (55.9%) than those who have a positive perception (44.1%). This study further discovered that Cluster 1 has shown high skepticism regarding the vaccination program, which can be explained through the communication component (M = 3.33, SD = 0.588), especially Co2, Co3, Co1, and Co4. Following the communication factor, a chain of negative perceptions also affects other components such as safety, psychology, and milieu among Cluster 1, all of which contribute to poor participation in the PICK program. The study outcomes are extremely useful for informing local authorities to establish policies related to public interests, primarily in the areas of public health. Understanding the community’s perspectives and their obstacles in participating in such programs may assist local authorities in developing or implementing public policies and campaigns that ensure such related public programs can be conducted more effectively in the future.
  PubDate: 2024-03-07
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.31
Centering Health Equity in the Implementation of the Hospital Incident
Command System: A Qualitative Case Comparison Study
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  Authors: Moyal-Smith; Rachel, Marsteller, Jill A, Barnett, Daniel J, Kent, Paula, Purnell, Tanjala, Yuan, Christina T
  First page: 44
  Abstract: Objective:Disasters exacerbate inequities in health care. Health systems use the Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) to plan and coordinate their disaster response. This study examines how 2 health systems prioritized equity in implementing the Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and identifies factors that influenced implementation.Methods:This is a qualitative case comparison study, involving semi-structured interviews with 29 individuals from 2 US academic health systems. Strategies for promoting health equity were categorized by social determinants of health. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided analysis using a hybrid inductive-deductive approach.Results:The health systems used various strategies to incorporate health equity throughout implementation, addressing all 5 social determinants of health domains. Facilitators included HICS principles, external partnerships, community relationships, senior leadership, health equity experts and networks, champions, equity-stratified data, teaming, and a culture of health equity. Barriers encompassed clarity of the equity representative role, role ambiguity for equity representatives, tokenism, competing priorities, insufficient resource allocation, and lack of preparedness.Conclusions:These findings elucidate how health systems centered equity during HICS implementation. Health systems and regulatory bodies can use these findings as a foundation to revise the HICS and move toward a more equitable disaster response.
  PubDate: 2024-02-14
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.20
Medical Response to the February 6, 2023, Earthquakes in Hatay: Challenges
Faced in the Deadliest Disaster in the History of Türkiye
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  Authors: Tayfur; İsmail, Bayramoğlu, Burcu, Şimşek, Perihan, Gunduz, Abdülkadir
  First page: 45
  Abstract: Objective:The Kahramanmaraş earthquakes struck the north-eastern part of Türkiye and Syria on February 6, 2023. It is well known that timely coordination and provision of emergency medical care in the field is particularly important to save lives after earthquakes. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by medical responders on the ground.Methods:This exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was conducted in Hatay, the province most affected by the earthquakes. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and field observations, and then analyzed using thematic analysis approach.Results:The study was carried out with 15 first responders from the medical profession. The study revealed 9 themes of challenges faced by medical responders: providing safety and security, human resources management, meeting personal needs, recording data, communication, patient transport, burial procedures, psychological acumen, and logistical problems. Some problems were resolved after 72 h and some continued until day 7.Conclusions:Inadequate organization of volunteer health workers, communication breakdowns, and logistical problems are some of the main challenges. To address these issues, satellite phones and radio systems can be promoted, as well as disaster-resilient logistical planning and better coordination of volunteers.
  PubDate: 2024-03-11
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.21
Addressing the Challenges and Opportunities of Global Disaster Management
in the Post-COVID-19 Era
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  Authors: Suarjana; I Wayan Gede
  First page: 46
  PubDate: 2024-03-13
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.34
Enhancing the Nutritional Well-Being of Children With Food Allergies
During Disaster
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  Authors: Adeoya; Akindele Abimibayo
  First page: 47
  PubDate: 2024-03-19
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.37
Introducing www.epidemic-em.org: A Collection of Online Resources and
Training Materials for Strengthening use of Emergency Operations Centers
for Epidemic Response
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  Authors: Banaski; James A., Govender, Nevashan, Groome, Michelle J., Houser, Ryan, Greiner, Ashley, Krishnan, Sharanya, Means, Brenna, Remmel, Ryan, Vélez Alvarado, Ileana, Standley, Claire J.
  First page: 48
  Abstract: Objective:This work aimed to demonstrate that a website, www.epidemic-em.org, encompassing “static” resources, and videos, as well as other tools, can be used to strengthen public health emergency management capacity during epidemic response.Methods:Existing resources were updated and developed for self-directed Emergency Operations Centers’ capacity strengthening, in order to encompass current best practices, and to emphasize how public health emergency management concepts can support epidemic response activities. These materials formed the core of the website, launched in June 2020, to which country case studies were added. In 2021, a pilot virtual training program was designed using recorded video lectures and interviews with global experts in addition to the website material, which was delivered to South African responders.Results:The website has been accessed in more than 135 countries, demonstrating widespread reach and interest in online and freely accessible materials to support public health emergency operations. Over 30 people participated in the pilot virtual training, and the evaluation showed improvement in knowledge, confidence in using emergency management concepts for epidemic response, and positive feedback on the virtual modality.Conclusions:Online tools can expand access to materials and resources for public health emergency management capacity strengthening. Virtual modalities can further serve as a powerful complement, and perhaps replacement, for traditional in-person technical assistance, despite some limitations.
  PubDate: 2024-02-23
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.36
Measles Outbreak in Lebanon: July 2023
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  Authors: Helou; Mariana, Mouawad, Yara, El Ters, Fadi, Husni, Rola
  First page: 49
  Abstract: After the beginning of the Syrian crisis, increased rates of infectious diseases were reported. Lebanon, a neighboring country with a major socioeconomic crisis, witnessed a measles outbreak since July 2023, with 519 reported suspected cases. Half of the cases were under 5 y of age, most of them were unvaccinated. The mass displacement of refugees from conflict areas in Syria to Lebanon and the low vaccination coverage have made the situation more challenging. Further efforts are required in Lebanon to address identified gaps to prevent or at least better control future outbreaks.
  PubDate: 2024-03-25
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.42
Mass Gathering Event Medical Preparedness and Response: A Review of
Canadian Legislation and Guidelines
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  Authors: Pigeon; Marc-Antoine, Hertelendy, Attila, Hart, Alexander, Lund, Adam, Ranse, Jamie, Ciottone, Gregory
  First page: 50
  Abstract: Introduction:The mass gathering event (MGE) industry is growing globally, including in countries such as Canada. MGEs have been associated with a greater prevalence of injury and illness when compared with daily life events, despite most participants having few comorbidities. As such, adequate health, safety, and emergency medical planning is required. However, there is no single entity regulating these concerns for MGEs, resulting in the responsibility for health planning lying with event organizers. This study aims to compare the legislative requirements for MGE medical response systems in the 13 provinces and territories of Canada.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of Canadian legislation. Lists of publicly available legislative requirements were obtained by means of the emergency medical services directors and Health Ministries. Descriptive statistics were performed to compare legislation.Results:Of the 13 provinces and territories, 10 responded. For the missing 3, a law library review confirmed the absence of specific legislation. Most (n = 6; 60%) provinces and territories referred to provisions in their Public Health laws. Four confirmed that MGE medical response was a municipal or local concern to be addressed by the event organizers.Conclusions:No provinces could list specific legislation guiding safety, health, and medical response for an MGE.
  PubDate: 2024-03-11
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.38
Addressing the Urgent Concerns of Disaster-Related Hypertension After the
2023 Turkey Earthquake: Letter to Editor
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  Authors: Ayhan Başer; Duygu, Gümüştakim, Raziye Şule
  First page: 51
  PubDate: 2024-04-01
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.51
The Philippines’ Improving Response to Natural Disasters
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  Authors: Cordero; Dalmacito A.
  First page: 52
  PubDate: 2024-04-02
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.58
Evaluation of Incoming Messages to WhatsApp Communication Network Created
by Volunteers in Major Disasters: The Case of Turkey Earthquake
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  Authors: Çelebi; İsmet, Tuna, Arzu, Çalişkan, Cüneyt
  First page: 53
  Abstract: Objective:This research was conducted in order to assess the 1-week aid needs determined by the health professional who voluntarily served in the WhatsApp communication network during the earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.Methods:This descriptive retrospective epidemiological study focuses on the 1-week messaging activities of the WhatsApp group created by volunteers after the earthquake in Turkey. During the 7-day period included in the research, a total of 5813 messages were sent. 3472 of these messages were not included in the research for various reasons, and a total of 2341 messages were used for the research.Results:In all 7 days, it was seen that most of the messages were sent via text message and that voice messages were very few. When the distribution of the needs demanded by the earthquake victims for 7 days was examined, it was seen that there was a significant increase in the needs on the fourth day after the earthquake, and that the highest increase was the need for tents.Conclusion:While the demands for rescue services increased in the first 2 days, it was determined that the demands for water especially, dry food, and tents increased from the third day onwards. It is suggested that a professional online infrastructure system should be created to enable the transfer of instant scene and need information that can be activated in such disasters.
  PubDate: 2024-04-02
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.65
After an Earthquake: The Comparison of Psychological Status of Resident
and Earthquake Survivor Cancer Patients
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  Authors: Beypinar; Ismail
  First page: 54
  Abstract: Objective:Natural disasters such as earthquakes can have a significant impact on cancer treatment and care. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychological effect of the earthquake on survivor cancer patients compared to regular cancer patients.Methods:Cancer patients who were evacuated from earthquake sites and referred for the continuation of their treatment, as well as regular resident patients were included in the study. The resident cancer patients were compared with the study population as a control group. DASS-21 forms were filled based on patients’ declarations.Results:Forty-six patients were earthquake survivors and 55 were resident cancer patients. Stress scores were significantly higher in earthquake survivors (P = 0.021). In contrast, there was no difference in stratified groups due to DASS-21 categorization in stress scores while depression and anxiety subgroups had significant differences (P = 0.012; P < 0.001). Also, women significantly had a worse outcome in the depression and anxiety categories (P = 0.028; P = 0.021) while no difference was observed in men.Conclusion:Recent earthquakes in Turkey had psychological negative effects on oncology patients. The increased stress, depression, and anxiety levels were observed in earthquake survivors who were evacuated from the disaster zone and compared to the control group.
  PubDate: 2024-04-02
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.62
Immediate Injury Deaths Related to the Remnants From Hurricane Ida in New
York City, September 1-2, 2021
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  Authors: Yuan; Ariel, Spira-Cohen, Ariel, Olson, Carolyn, Lane, Kathryn
  First page: 55
  Abstract: The remnants from Hurricane Ida in September 2021 caused unprecedented rainfall and inland flooding in New York City (NYC) and resulted in many immediate deaths. We reviewed death records (electronic death certificates and medical examiner reports) to systematically document the circumstances of death and demographics of decedents to inform injury prevention and climate adaptation actions for future extreme precipitation events. There were 14 Ida-related injury deaths in NYC, of which 13 (93%) were directly caused by Ida, and 1 (7%) was indirectly related. Most decedents were Asian (71%) and foreign-born (71%). The most common circumstance of death was drowning in unregulated basement apartments (71%). Themes that emerged from the death records review included the suddenness of flooding, inadequate exits, nighttime risks, and multiple household members were sometimes affected. These deaths reflect interacting housing and climate crises, and their disproportionate impact on disadvantaged populations needing safe and affordable housing. Climate adaptation actions, such as improving stormwater management infrastructure, informing residents about flood risk, implementing Federal Emergency Management Agency recommendations to make basements safer, and expanding emergency notification measures can mitigate risk. As climate change increases extreme precipitation events, multi-layered efforts are needed to keep residents safe.
  PubDate: 2024-04-05
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.49
February 6, 2023, Asbestos (Amyant-Whıte Soıl) Awareness and Knowledge
Level of the People of the Region After the Earthquakes Centered in
Kahramanmaras
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  Authors: Onur Tertemiz; Suzan, Tastan Celik, Songul, Yasar, Seyma, Kayhan Tetik, Burcu, Alıcı, Beril
  First page: 56
  PubDate: 2024-04-05
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.53
Digital Response to Physical Crises: The Role of an E-Health Platform in
the 2023 Southern Turkey Earthquakes
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  Authors: Akbasli; Izzet Turkalp, Serin, Oguzhan
  First page: 57
  Abstract: The catastrophic earthquakes that struck Southern Turkey in 2023 highlighted the pressing need for effective disaster management strategies. The unprecedented scale of the crisis tested the robustness of traditional healthcare responses and highlighted the potential of e-health solutions. Despite the deployment of Emergency Medical Teams, initial responders - primarily survivors of the earthquakes - faced an enormous challenge due to their lack of training in mass-casualty situations. An e-health platform was introduced to support these first responders, offering tools for drug calculations, case management guidelines, and a deep learning model for pediatric X-ray analysis. This commentary presents an analysis of the platform’s use and contributes to the growing discourse on integrating digital health technologies in disaster response and management.
  PubDate: 2024-04-09
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.63
Psychological Hardiness and Compassion Satisfaction Among the Turkish Red
Crescent: The Case of 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquake
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  Authors: Kınık; Kerem, Kuday, Ahmet Doğan, Çalışkan, Cüneyt
  First page: 58
  Abstract: Objectives:This study assessed psychological hardiness and compassion satisfaction among the Türk Kızılay (Turkish Red Crescent) personnel and volunteers involved in the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Additionally, the relationship between compassion satisfaction and psychological hardiness was also investigated.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2023. Participants completed an online survey, which included the Sociodemographic Information Form, Psychological Hardiness Scale, and Compassion Satisfaction Scale. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA), using a significance level of 95% and p < 0.05.Results:The study involved 400 participants, comprising 84 (21%) personnel and 316 (79%) volunteers. Participants exhibited an average psychological hardiness level of 24.56 ± 7.25 and a compassion satisfaction level of 47.40 ± 17.28. A significant positive correlation was observed between compassion satisfaction and psychological hardiness (r = 0.571; p < 0.001). The results of logistics regression have revealed that the level of psychological hardiness is higher in males compared to females (OR = 1.930, CI = 1.115 − 3.340; P < 0.05) and is also higher in those with high compassion satisfaction compared to those with low compassion satisfaction (OR = 1.386, CI = 1.256 − 1.529; p < 0.001).Conclusions:The findings of this study indicate that individuals involved in disaster response should consider compassion satisfaction as an important tool for enhancing psychological hardiness.
  PubDate: 2024-04-11
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.64
From Tragedy to Resilience in a University Hospital: Characteristics of
Patients in the Aftermath of the 2023 Turkey Earthquake
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  Authors: Taşkın; Ömer, Dişel, Nezihat Rana
  First page: 59
  Abstract: Objective:This study focuses on adults affected by the February 2023 Turkey earthquakes, aiming to uncover demographic and clinical traits.Methods:A retrospective analysis of data from adult patients who sought emergency care between February 6 and February 21, 2023, following the earthquakes, was conducted.Results:Among 3072 patients, 1544 (50.3%) of whom were women, trauma (31.1%) was the most prevalent cause of emergency department presentations. The median age of all patients was 44 y (interquartile range [IQR] 31-61 y). Hatay province accounted for 65.2% of trauma patients as origin. Most of the patients (66.8%) presented to the emergency department by their own means, while this was opposite for trauma patients, of whom 54.5% was transferred by means of Ambulance Service. Half of the total trauma patients were rescued from the debris, and 75.9% sustained limb injuries. Crush syndrome affected 24.7%, and emergency hemodialysis was performed on 9.1%, whereas emergency surgery was performed on 22.8% of all trauma cases. Overall, 10.2% of trauma patients lacked any identification. The rate of emergency department admittions due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases was higher at the time of the earthquake compared with the previous year (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The insights gained from this study hold valuable implications for disaster response strategies, emphasizing the importance of preparedness, timely intervention, and comprehensive patient care.
  PubDate: 2024-04-11
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.52
Exploring Volunteer Pharmacists’ Experiences in Responding to 2023
Türkiye Earthquakes: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study
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  Authors: Uzun; Mehmet Barlas, Gülpınar, Gizem, Iqbal, Ayesha
  First page: 60
  Abstract: Objective:Pharmacists are vital in disaster response efforts, dispensing essential medications, managing pharmacy services, consulting, and educating survivors regarding their medications. Their contributions, however, are often underrepresented in scientific literature. This study aimed to explore the experiences of pharmacists who provided pharmacy services to meet the pharmaceutical needs of the survivors after 2 major earthquakes in Türkiye in 2023.Methods:This study adopted a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to invite pharmacists who provided pharmacy services to survivors. Interview transcripts were analyzed following an inductive, reflexive thematic analysis.Results:In total, 15 pharmacists were interviewed. Four main overarching themes “response to the earthquake,” “preparedness for the earthquake,” “experiences during service delivery,” and “mental and physical experiences” were developed.Conclusions:From participants’ experiences, it is essential to expand the clinical responsibilities of pharmacists and train them in providing wound care, administering immunization, and prescribing. Pharmacists should be integrated as essential members of disaster health teams. International health organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and governments are encouraged to work collaboratively and develop disaster management plans including pharmacists in early responders. This might help mitigate the deficiencies and overcome challenges in health-care systems to provide effective patient-centered care by health professionals and respond effectively to disasters.
  PubDate: 2024-04-11
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.48
Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Children Affected in the Morocco
Earthquake
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  Authors: Ashraf; Sadia, Patwary, Muhammad Mainuddin, Shoib, Sheikh, Omari, Majid, Zarrouq, Btissame
  First page: 61
  PubDate: 2024-04-12
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.43
Exploring Cascading Disaster Risk During Complex Emergencies: Chemical
Industry Disaster Risk Assessment in the Aftermath of the Kakhovka Dam
Bombing in Ukraine
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  Authors: Gan; Rick Kye, Alsua, Carlos, Aregay, Aron, Assaf, Denise, Bruni, Emanuele, Arcos González, Pedro
  First page: 62
  Abstract: Objective:This risk assessment aims to investigate the analysis of cascading disaster risks from the perspective of the chemical industry and public health subsequent to the Kakhovka dam bombing in Ukraine.Method:The study utilized a modified observational cross-sectional risk assessment method to assess disaster risk. The method involved identifying the location of chemical factories, determining flooded or at-risk factories, analyzing the type and frequency of chemical hazards, assessing population exposure, and plotting a disaster risk metric. Data on chemical industries and flood extent were collected from open-source secondary data.Results:The destruction of the Kakhovka dam in June 2023 led to severe flooding, placing 42 000 individuals at risk. The analysis identified four chemical factories, with 1 affected by flooding and 3 at risk. The overall risk assessment indicated a high likelihood and severe consequences, including loss of life, environmental contamination, and property damage.Conclusion:The combination of complex emergencies and high-risk chemical facilities in Kherson Oblast poses a significant risk of a chemical industry disaster. The interplay between compound and cascading risks during complex emergencies amid the current war further exacerbates the situation, leading to the devastation and destruction of the environment to the detriment of life, and aligns with the characterization of ecocide.
  PubDate: 2024-04-12
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.41
Resilient Hearts: Enhancing Healthcare Preparedness for Vulnerable
Populations in the Aftermath of the Morocco Earthquake
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  Authors: Alnajar; Ahmed, Mohammad, Baraa, Altabbakh, Omar
  First page: 63
  PubDate: 2024-04-16
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.14
Effectiveness of a Fire Disaster PFA Simulation Game: A Single-Blinded
Trial
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  Authors: Choi; Yun-Jung, Song, Heewon
  First page: 64
  Abstract: Objective:As societies become more complex, disasters are increasing in frequency and magnitude. To respond to the psychological problems that may arise in such situations, it is necessary to develop the psychological first aid (PFA) training program that is more engaging for disaster relief workers and less limited in time and space. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a web-based PFA simulation game for disaster relief workers to provide to fire disaster victims.Methods:This was a non-randomized controlled experimental study with 30 participants in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group learned through the web-based PFA simulation game developed in this study, and the control group was provided with written educational materials regarding general disaster. The effects of time between groups and interaction between groups were tested.Results:Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significant effects on core competencies in disaster response, self-efficacy, and problem-solving process, and the persistence of the effects was also significantly different.Conclusion:The web-based PFA simulation game was found to be effective in improving core competencies in disaster response, self-efficacy, and problem-solving process of disaster relief workers. These results suggest that simulation games can be an effective learning method for learning PFA for disaster relief workers. Since it is difficult to learn through direct participation in disaster situations, a web-based simulation game may be a more effective way to improve and maintain the competence of PFA.
  PubDate: 2024-04-12
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.47
Key Factors Impacting a Medical Ventilator Supply Chain During the COVID-
19 Pandemic: Lessons for Pandemic Preparedness
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  Authors: Fox; Frank, Hayes, Jessica, Whelan, Barbara, Casey, Dympna, Connolly, Máire
  First page: 65
  Abstract: Objectives:Future pandemics may cause more severe respiratory illness in younger age groups than COVID-19, requiring many more mechanical ventilators. This publication synthesizes the experiences of diverse contributors to Medtronic’s mechanical ventilator supply chain during the pandemic, serving as a record of what worked and what didn’t, while identifying key factors affecting production ramp-up in this healthcare crisis.Method:In-depth, one-on-one interviews (n = 17) were held with key Medtronic personnel and suppliers. Template analysis was used, and interview content was analyzed for signals, initiatives, actions, and outcomes, as well as influencing forces.Results:Key findings revealed many factors limiting ventilator production ramp-up. Supply chain strengths and weaknesses were identified. Political factors played a role in allocating ventilators and also supported production. Commercial considerations were not priority, but economic awareness was essential to support suppliers. Workers were motivated and flexible. Component shortages, space, production processes, and logistics were challenges. Legally based pressures were reported e.g., import and export restrictions.Conclusion:Crisis response alone is not enough; preparation is essential. Coordinated international strategies are more effective than individual country responses. Supply chain resilience based on visibility and flexibility is key. This research can help public health planners and the medical device industry prepare for future healthcare crises.
  PubDate: 2024-04-12
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.55
Immediate Adverse Reaction and SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Receptor Binding
Domain IgG of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Health Staffs
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  Authors: Rasheed; Waleed S., Sarkees, Alaa Noori
  First page: 66
  Abstract: Objective:To contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several vaccines have been developed. This study is intended to elucidate the level of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G (anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG) antibodies for COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer BioNTech [BNT162b2], Oxford/AstraZeneca [ChAdOx1], and Sinopharm [BBIBP-CorV]) among health staff from health facilities in Duhok province, and it explored the immediate adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccines among participants.Methods:A longitudinal study was conducted from June 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022, and 300 participants were included through simple random sampling.Results:The immune response 1 mo after the second dose was significantly higher than the sustained immune after 5 and 9 mo as results revealed that, in 100% of study samples who had (ChAdOx1) vaccine, their antibody titers exceeded the positivity threshold of 1 AU/m, while 96% for (BNT162b2) and 90% for (BBIBP-CorV) for the first test after 1 mo from the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, and these rates were reduced to 94.6% for (ChAdOx1), 97.8% for (BNT162b2), and 81.9% for (BBIBP-CorV) at 5 mo after the second dose, while simultaneously the seropositivity rates were more reduced at 9 mo to 46.5% for (ChAdOx1), 67.5% for (BNT162b2), and 9.20% for (BBIBP-CorV). In terms of adverse reactionsss, fever was reported as the most prevalent after the first dose in 58% for ChAdOx1, 43% for BNT162b2, and 23% for BBIBP-CorV, followed by muscle pain, joint pain, and shoulder pain for both doses.Conclusions:The implications of the findings from this study are that higher and potentially longer antibody responses can be obtained if the BNT162b2 is given as compared with the other 2 vaccines. Moreover, the booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine are highly recommended because more than 50% of the participants either have become anti-spike protein negative or have a deficient level of anti-spike protein against COVD-19 vaccines.
  PubDate: 2024-04-15
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.60
Investigating Factors Influencing Disaster Preparedness Perception of
Nurses in Turkey:A Meta-Analytic Approach
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  Authors: Ulupınar; Fadime, Altınel, Büşra, Aslan, Manar
  First page: 67
  Abstract: Aim and Background:In contemporary healthcare, the crucial importance of disaster preparedness and response within the nursing profession has gained recognition. Considering the elevated probability of encountering numerous disasters in Türkiye, it is noteworthy that limited research has been conducted in this domain. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the related factors to nurses’ disaster preparedness Türkiye through a meta-analysis method.Methods:The study was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. We searched the national databases in Türkiye and Web of Science Core Collection. Descriptive studies published in Turkish or English between 01.01.2000-31.12.2021 in Türkiye were included in the study to derive the pooled outputs.Results:A total of nine studies, encompassing a sample size of 3222 nurses, met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis’ results revealed that gender and prior experience with disasters did not exhibit a statistically significant impact on nurses’ disaster preparedness (p>0.05). Conversely, engaging in disaster education programs, familiarizing oneself with disaster plans, and actively participating in disaster drills were found to have a significant positive effect on nurses’ preparedness for disasters (p
  PubDate: 2024-04-15
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.66
Relationship Between Severity and Length of Exposure to COVID-19
Parameters and Resulting Government Responses and the Suicide Crisis
Syndrome (SCS)
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  Authors: Cohen; Lisa J., Liang, Yinan, Peterkin, Devon, McGibbon, Kamryn, Rappa, Frank, Rogers, Megan L., You, Sungeun, Chistopolskaya, Ksenia, Enikolopov, Sergey, Barzilay, Shira, Menon, Vikas, Husain, M. Ishrat, Dudeck, Manuela, Streb, Judith, Çinka, Elif, Yilmaz, Fatma Kantas, Kuśmirek, Oskar, Valvassori, Samira S., Blum, Yarden, Galynker, Igor
  First page: 68
  Abstract: Objective:The COVID-19 pandemic has had a globally devastating psychosocial impact. A detailed understanding of the mental health implications of this worldwide crisis is critical for successful mitigation of and preparation for future pandemics. Using a large international sample, we investigated in the present study the relationship between multiple COVID-19 parameters (both disease characteristics and government responses) and the incidence of the suicide crisis syndrome (SCS), an acute negative affect state associated with near-term suicidal behavior.Methods:Data were collected from 5528 adults across 10 different countries in an anonymous web-based survey between June 2020 and January 2021.Results:Individuals scoring above the SCS cut-off lived in countries with higher peak daily cases and deaths during the first wave of the pandemic. Additionally, the longer participants had been exposed to markers of pandemic severity (eg, lockdowns), the more likely they were to screen positive for the SCS. Findings reflected both country-to-country comparisons and individual variation within the pooled sample.Conclusion:Both the pandemic itself and the government interventions utilized to contain the spread appear to be associated with suicide risk. Public policy should include efforts to mitigate the mental health impact of current and future global disasters.
  PubDate: 2024-04-15
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.235
Vulnerability, Preparedness, and Previous Experience of Disasters Among
the Population of a High Hazard Region—Rural Southern Sindh, Pakistan
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  Authors: Khuwaja; Abid Hussain, Memon, Khalida Naz, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Riaz, Hina, Khuwaja, Imran ul Hassan
  First page: 69
  Abstract: A cross-sectional, mixed-method study was conducted in Badin, a rural area in southern Sindh, which is considered a high-risk disaster zone, to assess the vulnerability, preparedness, and disaster experiences of the coastal population. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select the villages, study area, and 3 distinct populations (I, II, and III). Family heads of households were recruited for population I, village heads for population II, and community support group leaders from selected clusters for population III. The survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews. The results revealed that the population of rural southern Sindh, Pakistan, is highly vulnerable to disasters and exhibits lower levels of preparedness. The statistics about the vulnerable population may prove helpful in designing policies targeting specific groups to mitigate hazards in the future.
  PubDate: 2024-04-16
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.39
Utilization of the Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) in an
Inner-City Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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  Authors: Mangano; James, Middleton, Bradley, Wojcik, Susan
  First page: 70
  Abstract: Objective:To evaluate the effect of the Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) in an inner-city emergency department during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:Data were abstracted from individual emergency department encounters over 6 weeks. The study compared left without being seen (LWBS) percentage, door-to-provider, and door-to-disposition times for 2 weeks before, during, and after the DMAT.Results:The LWBS percentages for the 2 weeks before and after the DMAT were 16.2% and 11.6%, respectively. The LWBS percentage during the DMAT was 8.1%. Door-to-disposition times for the 2 weeks before and after the DMAT were 7.36 hours and 8.53 hours, respectively. The door-to-disposition during the DMAT was 7.33 hours. Door-to-disposition was statistically significant during the 2 weeks of the DMAT compared to the 2 weeks after the DMAT (7.33 vs 8.53, P < 0.05) but not statistically significant when compared to the period before the DMAT (7.36 vs 7.33, P = 1.00). Door-to-provider time was the longest during the DMAT (122.5 minutes [2.04 hours]) when compared to the time frame before the DMAT (114.54 minutes [1.91 hours]) and after the DMAT (102.84 minutes [1.71 hours]).Conclusion:The DMAT had the most positive impact on LWBS percentages. The DMAT showed no improvement in door-to-provider times in the study and only in door-to-disposition times when comparing the time the DMAT was present to after the DMAT departed.
  PubDate: 2024-04-15
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.40
Extreme Heat and Pregnancy: A Content Analysis of Heat Health Risk
Communication by US Public Health Agencies
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  Authors: Stassen; Robyn, Zottarelli, Lisa K., Rowan, Paul, Walton, Gretchen, Herbold, John
  First page: 71
  Abstract: Objectives:Exposure to extreme heat events increases the risk for negative birth outcomes, including preterm birth. This study sought to determine the presence and content of web-based heat health information for pregnant people provided by federal, state, and local government public health websites.Methods:This website content analysis consisted of 17 federal, 50 state, and 21 city websites, and noted which of 25 recognized pregnancy heat health data elements were included. Data for the analysis were collected from March 12, 2022, through March 16, 2022.Results:The search identified 17 federal websites, 38 state websites, and 19 city websites with heat health information. Within these, only seven websites listed pregnant people as a vulnerable or at-risk population, and only six websites provided information related to heat health specifically for pregnancy. Of the 25 themes recognized as important for pregnancy risk during extreme heat exposure, only 11 were represented within these 6 websites.Conclusion:The presence of web-based pregnancy heat health information is infrequent and limited in content. Boosting web-based publication of extreme heat and pregnancy risks could mitigate negative maternal and child health outcomes.
  PubDate: 2024-03-18
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.44
Lusaka Call-to-Action 2022: A Call to Strengthen Public Health Emergency
Operation Centers in Africa
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  Authors: Eteng; Womi-Eteng Oboma, Mankoula, Wessam, Aragaw, Merawi, Sonko, Ibrahima, Tut, Mathew, Kibiye, Dennis, Riek, Lul, Ouma, Ahmed Ogwell
  First page: 72
  Abstract: In July 2022, on the sidelines of the 41st Ordinary Session of the Executive Council of the African Union and the 4th Mid-Year Coordination Summit in Lusaka, Zambia, Heads of state and government, and leaders of delegations of African Union Member States called on member states, African Union through Africa CDC, and partners to recognize, prioritize, and accelerate the establishment and strengthening of public health emergency operation centers (PHEOCs) in the context of health security and in line with Africa’s new public health order. Implementing the declaration requires a multi-dimensional approach that spans across governance, operational capabilities, partnerships, workforce development, and sustainable financing.
  PubDate: 2024-04-16
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.57
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  Authors: James; James J., Satyamitra, Merriline, Hu, Tom, Antinozzi, Peter
  First page: 73
  PubDate: 2024-04-16
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.242
Earthquake in Turkey: The Triangle of Life and Disaster Kits Saves Lives
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  Authors: Ağan; Fatma Zehra, Cindoğlu, Çiğdem
  First page: 74
  Abstract: Objective:Precautions taken before an earthquake are of vital importance. When buildings collapse, the weight of the ceiling crushes objects such as furniture, leaving a space or void within the rubble. This area is called the “triangle of life.” The larger and stronger the object, the more it will maintain its volume; the more the object maintains its volume, the larger the void will be, and the less likely it is that the person who uses this void will be injured.Methods:Durable, solid furniture such as beds and tables that can be tipped over during an earthquake in appropriate areas in the building can form a living triangle. Creating and using the triangle of life is the method of protection in an earthquake that produces the highest probability of survival.Results:Two earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.5 occurred in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, on February 6, 2023. This report presents the case of a 43-y-old female victim of these earthquakes who used the triangle of life to survive; she was removed from the rubble 164 h after the earthquake.Conclusions:The case provides evidence that predetermining areas in which the triangle of life can be formed and storing supplies necessary for survival can decrease morbidity and mortality in an earthquake.
  PubDate: 2024-04-23
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.54
Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Children Affected in the Morocco
Earthquake – CORRIGENDUM
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  Authors: Ashraf; Sadia, Patwary, Muhammad Mainuddin, Shoib, Sheikh, Omari, Majid, Zarrouq, Btissame
  First page: 75
  PubDate: 2024-04-22
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.75
Pediatric Medical Countermeasures: Antidotes and Cytokines for
Radiological and Nuclear Incidents and Terrorism
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  Authors: Maciulewicz; Thom S., Kazzi, Ziad, Navis, Irene L., Nelsen, Gregory J., Cieslak, Theodore J., Newton, Christopher, Lin, Anna, West, Doneen J., Walter, Frank G.
  First page: 76
  Abstract: The war in Ukraine raises concerns for potential hazards of radiological and nuclear incidents. Children are particularly vulnerable in these incidents and may need pharmaceutical countermeasures, including antidotes and cytokines. Searches found no published study comparing pediatric indications and dosing among standard references detailing pediatric medications for these incidents. This study addresses this gap by collecting, tabulating, and disseminating this information to healthcare professionals caring for children. Expert consensus chose the following references to compare their pediatric indications and dosing of medical countermeasures for radiation exposure and internal contamination with radioactive materials: Advanced Hazmat Life Support (AHLS) for Radiological Incidents and Terrorism, DailyMed, Internal Contamination Clinical Reference, Medical Aspects of Radiation Incidents, and Medical Management of Radiological Casualties, as well as Micromedex, POISINDEX, and Radiation Emergency Medical Management (REMM). This is the first study comparing pediatric indications and dosing for medical countermeasures among commonly used references for radiological and nuclear incidents.
  PubDate: 2024-04-23
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.35
A Longitudinal Study of Hospital Safety From Disasters in Kermanshah
Province, Iran: Insights for Disaster Risk Reduction
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  Authors: Ghanbari; Vahid, Hidari, Yaghob, Salari, Nader, Balikuddembe, Joseph Kimuli, Rahimi, Ehsan, Rostamnia, Leili
  First page: 77
  Abstract: Objective:The Hospital Safety Index (HSI) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was adopted by most countries to evaluate the safety of hospitals against disasters. This study aimed to assess the status of hospital safety from disasters between 2016 and 2022 in Kermanshah province in Iran.Methods:This is a retrospective longitudinal study which investigated HSI data from 23 hospitals. Data were gathered by Farsi Hospital Safety Index (FHSI) and analyzed with a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:The risk of hydro-meteorological (from 43.1 to 32.7) and biological hazards (51.3 to 35.5) significantly decreased. Although structural safety remained constant (from 67.8 to 70.1), nonstructural (from 51.5 to 71.2), and functional (from 47.1 to 71.2) safety scores increased significantly over study period.Conclusions:The findings revealed hospitals safety in Kermanshah province gradually improved. However, the health-care stakeholders should pay the necessary attention to improving the structural safety of hospitals.
  PubDate: 2024-04-29
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.67
The Great Destruction − Turkey in the Earthquake of the Century: A
Health Sector Perspective
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  Authors: Ulutaşdemir; Nilgün, Kulakaç, Nurşen
  First page: 78
  PubDate: 2024-04-29
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.61
Residents’ KABP and Social Support Statuses Under Normalized COVID-19
Pandemic Prevention and Control: A Cross-Sectional Study
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  Authors: Yang; Kaihan, Peng, Yubinxin, Li, Jiehang, Xie, Yujie, Zhang, Fei
  First page: 79
  Abstract: Objectives:To investigate the status quo of residents’ knowledge, attitude, belief, and practice (KABP) and social support and the correlation of KABP with social support under normalized coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic prevention and control.Methods:A questionnaire was designed based on the KABP model, and an online survey was conducted among residents in September 2022. SPSS software (version 25.0) was used to analyze the data. Two independent sample t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate linear regression analysis, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were conducted.Results:In total, 326 valid questionnaires were obtained. The scoring rates of residents’ KABP and social support were 68.1%, 92.2%, 89.3%, 75.3%, and 62.6%, respectively. Main factors influencing residents’ knowledge included gender, nationality, education level, practice, and social support; those influencing attitude were belief and practice; those influencing belief were place of residence, attitude, and practice; those influencing practice were knowledge, attitude, belief, and social support; and those influencing social support were marital status, place of residence, knowledge, and practice. Social support was positively correlated with knowledge and practice.Conclusions:This study provides a scientific foundation for the current normalized prevention and control of COVID-19 and is conducive to health managers to better carry out prevention and control related health education for specific groups.
  PubDate: 2024-04-29
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.5
The Critical Need for Disaster Medicine in Modern Medical Education
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  Authors: Shah; Muhammad Hamza, Roy, Subham, Flari, Eleni
  First page: 80
  Abstract: Current escalation of natural disasters, pandemics, and humanitarian crises underscores the pressing need for inclusion of disaster medicine in medical education frameworks. Conventional medical training often lacks adequate focus on the complexities and unique challenges inherent in such emergencies. This discourse advocates for the integration of disaster medicine into medical curricula, highlighting the imperative to prepare health-care professionals for an effective response in challenging environments. These competencies encompass understanding mass casualty management, ethical decision-making amidst resource constraints, and adapting health-care practices to varied emergency contexts. Therefore, we posit that equipping medical students with these specialized skills and knowledge is vital for health-care delivery in the face of global health emergencies.
  PubDate: 2024-04-29
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.56
Cross-Country Discrepancies in Monkeypox Vaccine Hesitancy Among
Postgraduate and Undergraduate Medical Students
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  Authors: Hussein; Mai, Siddiq, Abdelmonem, Ismail, Horeya M., Mansy, Norhan, Ellakwa, Doha El-Sayed, Nassif, Mohammed, Hussein, Areej A., Abdullah Alzedaar, Jubran K., Iloanusi, Chukwuagoziem A., Omran, Murad O., Rourou, Khalil M., Suvvari, Tarun K., Yazbek, Saja, Ghazy, Ramy M.
  First page: 82
  Abstract: Background:Medical students hold significant importance, as they represent the future of healthcare provision. This study aimed to explore psychological antecedents towards the monkeypox (mpox) vaccines among postgraduate and undergraduate medical students across countries.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students aged 18 years old and above in 7 countries; Egypt, Romania, Malaysia, and Yemen, Iraq, India, and Nigeria. We used social media platforms between September 27 and November 4, 2022. An anonymous online survey using the 5C scale was conducted using snowball and convenience Sampling methods to assess the 5 psychological antecedents of vaccination (i.e., confidence, constraints, complacency, and calculation, as well as collective responsibility).Results:A total of 2780 participants were recruited. Participants’ median age was 22 years and 52.1% of them were males. The 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination were as follows: 55% were confident about vaccination, 10% were complacent, 12% experienced constraints, and 41% calculated the risk and benefit. Lastly, 32% were willing to be vaccinated for the prevention of infection transmission to others. The Country was a significant predictor of confidence, complacency, having constraints, and calculation domains (P < 0.001). Having any idea about the mpox vaccine was linked to 1.6 times higher odds of being more confident [OR = 1.58 (95% CI, 1.26–1.98), P < 0.001] Additionally, living in a rural area significantly increased complacency [OR = 1.42 (95% CI, 1.05–1.95), P = 0.024] as well as having anyone die from mpox [OR = 3.3 (95% CI, 1.64–6.68), P < 0.001]. Education level was associated with increased calculation [OR = 2.74 (95% CI, 1.62–4.64), P < 0.001]. Moreover, being single and having no chronic diseases significantly increased the calculation domain [OR = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.06–1.98), P = 0.02] and [OR = 1.54 (95% CI, 1.10–2.16), P = 0.012] respectively. Predictors of collective responsibility were age 31–45 years [OR = 2.89 (95% CI, 1.29–6.48), P = 0.01], being single [OR = 2.76 (95% CI, 1.94 -3.92), P < 0.001], being a graduate [OR = 1.59 (95% CI (1.32–1.92), P < 0.001], having no chronic disease [OR = 2.14 (95% CI, 1.56–2.93), P < 0.001], and not knowing anyone who died from mpox [OR = 2.54 (95% CI, 1.39–4.64), P < 0.001), as well as living in a middle-income country [OR = 0.623, (95% CI, 0.51–0.73), P < 0.001].Conclusions:This study underscores the multifaceted nature of psychological antecedents of vaccination, emphasizing the impact of socio-demographic factors, geographic location, and awareness, as well as previous experiences on individual attitudes and collective responsibility towards vaccination.
  PubDate: 2024-05-02
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.50
Relationship Between Disaster Response Self-Efficacy and Disaster
Preparedness in Nursing Students: After-Earthquake Study
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  Authors: Kılınç İşleyen; Eda, Demirkaya, Zehra
  First page: 83
  Abstract: Objective:This study was conducted to reveal the relationship between nursing students’ disaster response self-efficacy and their disaster preparedness perceptions.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on nursing students after a major earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023 (n = 302). Data collection took place from June 2023 to October 2023, using the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES) and Disaster Preparedness Perception Scale (DPPS). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:Nursing students’ DRSES mean score was 63.35 ± 10.83 (moderate level) and DPPS mean score was 3.41 ± 0.50 (high level). A positive and moderate correlation was found between nursing students’ DRSES and DPPS scores (r = 0.515; P = 0.000). Predictors affecting nursing students’ disaster preparedness are disaster response self-efficacy score, being male, and making a family disaster plan.Conclusions:The results of this study highlight the importance of increasing the disaster response self-efficacy needed by nursing students to successfully assist patients in disaster situations.
  PubDate: 2024-05-02
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.69
Health Consequences Management in a Multi-Hazard Context: A Systematic
Review of the Coincidence of Flood and the COVID-19 Pandemic
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  Authors: Yari; Arezoo, Hasan, Md. Khalid, Yousefi Khoshsabegheh, Homa, Soufi Boubakran, Mohsen, Motlagh, Mohamad Esmaeil
  First page: 84
  Abstract: Objectives:The co-occurring flood and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) increase the consequences for health and life. This study examined the strategies to manage the health consequences of the co-occurring flood and COVID-19, with a specific focus on these 2 challenges.Methods:This review included all the studies published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1980 and June 2021. Several electronic databases were searched, including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMT), version 2018, assessed the articles retrieved through a comprehensive and systematic literature search. Descriptive and thematic analyses were carried out to derive strategies for managing the health consequences of the simultaneous flood and COVID-19.Results:Among 4271 identified articles, 10 were eligible for inclusion. In total, 199 strategies were identified in this review for managing the multi-hazard health consequences of flooding and COVID-19, which were classified into 9 categories and 25 subcategories. The categories included policy making and decision making, coordination, risk communication, logistics, planning, preparedness measures, response measures, social and humanitarian support, and actions of local communities and non-governmental organizations.Conclusions:Managing a multi-hazard and reducing its health consequences requires various actions. Flood management must be needed, and flood-affected people and their health should be protected.
  PubDate: 2024-05-02
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.46
Screening and Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Among Unvaccinated Blood
Donors in Chongqing, China
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  Authors: Jiang; Yulin, Huang, Lijuan, Liao, Hongmei, Luo, Chenghui, Zhang, Chunhong, Mao, Wei
  First page: 85
  Abstract: Objective:To investigate the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody among unvaccinated voluntary blood donors in Chongqing, and to provide evidence for epidemic surveillance.Methods:A total of 10,208 voluntary blood donors from January 5 to January 20, 2021, in the Chongqing area were collected, and the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies were detected by chemiluminescence, and the differences of antibody-positive rate in different gender, age, ABO blood group, and different risk areas were analyzed.Results:Among 10208 blood donors, 10 were found to be positive for SARS-COV-2 IgG antibody, giving a positivity rate of SARS-COV-2 IgG at 0.10%, and 29 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody, with a positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgM at 0.28%. There was no statistical difference in the positive rate of antibody among different genders, ages, and ABO blood types, but it was related to the number of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in each city.Conclusions:The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rate in Chongqing was low and correlated with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases.
  PubDate: 2024-05-03
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.232
Oxidative Stress: An Intersection Between Radiation and Sulfur Mustard
Lung Injury
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  Authors: Day; Brian J.
  First page: 86
  Abstract: Nuclear and chemical weapons of mass destruction share both a tragic and beneficial legacy in mankind’s history and health. The horrific health effects of ionizing radiation and mustard gas exposures unleashed during disasters, wars, and conflicts have been harnessed to treat human health maladies. Both agents of destruction have been transformed into therapies to treat a wide range of cancers. The discovery of therapeutic uses of radiation and sulfur mustard was largely due to observations by clinicians treating victims of radiation and sulfur mustard gas exposures. Clinicians identified vulnerability of leukocytes to these agents and repurposed their use in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas. Given the overlap in therapeutic modalities, it goes to reason that there may be common mechanisms to target as protective strategies against their damaging effects. This commentary will highlight oxidative stress as a common mechanism shared by both radiation and sulfur mustard gas exposures and discuss potential therapies targeting oxidative stress as medical countermeasures against the devastating lung diseases wrought by these agents.
  PubDate: 2024-05-06
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.238
Public Health Responses to CBRN Terrorism in the Middle East and North
Africa
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  Authors: Mani; Zakaria, Plummer, Virginia, Kuhn, Lisa, Khorram-Manesh, Amir, Tin, Derrick, Goniewicz, Krzysztof
  First page: 87
  Abstract: Objective:Escalating global challenges (such as disasters, conflict, and climate change) underline the importance of addressing Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) terrorism for sustainable public health strategies. This study aims to provide a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of CBRN incidents in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, emphasizing the necessity of sustainable responses to safeguard healthcare infrastructures.Method:Utilizing a retrospective approach, this research analyzes data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) covering the period from 2003 to 2020. The study focuses on examining the frequency, characteristics, and consequences of CBRN incidents in the MENA region to identify patterns and trends that pose significant challenges to public health systems.Results:The analysis revealed a significant clustering of CBRN incidents in Iraq and Syria, with a predominant involvement of chemical agents. These findings indicate the extensive impact of CBRN terrorism on healthcare infrastructures, highlighting the challenges in providing immediate health responses and the necessity for long-term recovery strategies.Conclusions:The study underscores the need for improved healthcare preparedness, robust emergency response systems, and the development of sustainable public health policies. Advocating for international collaboration, the research contributes to the strategic adaptation of healthcare systems to mitigate the impacts of CBRN terrorism, ensuring preparedness for future incidents in the MENA region and beyond.
  PubDate: 2024-04-15
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.73
Key Takeaways From the Al Haouz Earthquake, Morocco, 2023
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  Authors: Achbani; Abderrahmane, Bouchriti, Youssef, Sine, Hayat, Kharbach, Ahmed, Boukrim, Mohamed, Rida, Jamila, Ait Ougjij, Abdellatif, Sine, Hasnaa
  First page: 88
  PubDate: 2024-05-07
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.80
Mortality Associated with Priority Diseases in Flood-Affected Areas Using
District Health Information System (DHIS2) During September–December
2022: Pakistan Experience
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  Authors: Nisar; Nadia, Iqbal, Zeeshan, Sartaaj, Muhammad, Ikram, Aamer, Javad, Najma, Ali, Kashif, Anjum, Jahanzeb, Abbas Ranjha, Muazam, Khan, Mumtaz Ali, Bettani, Muhammad Asif Khan, Shah, Wasif, Tanveer, Nida, Cleary, Paul, Byers, Chloe, Wilson, Anne, Salman, Muhammad, Aldeyab, Mamoon A.
  First page: 89
  Abstract: Objectives:To quantify the burden of communicable diseases and characterize the most reported infections during public health emergency of floods in Pakistan.Methods:The study’s design is a descriptive trend analysis. The study utilized the disease data reported to District Health Information System (DHIS2) for the 12 most frequently reported priority diseases under the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system in Pakistan.Results:In total, there were 1,532,963 suspected cases during August to December 2022 in flood-affected districts (n = 75) across Pakistan; Sindh Province reported the highest number of cases (n = 692,673) from 23 districts, followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) (n = 568,682) from 17 districts, Balochistan (n = 167,215) from 32 districts, and Punjab (n = 104,393) from 3 districts. High positivity was reported for malaria (79,622/201,901; 39.4%), followed by acute diarrhea (non-cholera) (23/62; 37.1%), hepatitis A and E (47/252; 18.7%), and dengue (603/3245; 18.6%). The crude mortality rate was 11.9 per 10 000 population (1824/1,532,963 [deaths/cases]).Conclusion:The study identified acute respiratory infection, acute diarrhea, malaria, and skin diseases as the most prevalent diseases. This suggests that preparedness efforts and interventions targeting these diseases should be prioritized in future flood response plans. The study highlights the importance of strengthening the IDSR as a Disease Early Warning System through the implementation of the DHIS2.
  PubDate: 2024-05-09
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.77
Empowering Communities in Geopolitical Crises: A Role for Disaster
Medicine and Public Health Preparedness
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  Authors: Goniewicz; Krzysztof, Khorram-Manesh, Amir, Burkle, Frederick M.
  First page: 90
  PubDate: 2024-04-19
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.87
Investigation of Three Different UV-C Irradiation Schemes for Bacterial
Decontamination of FFP2 Masks to Make Them Reusable
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  Authors: Vaupel; Franziska, Fengler, Ingo, Mutters, Nico T., Scheid, Patrick, Sib, Esther, Weppler, Ruth, Döhla, Manuel
  First page: 91
  Abstract: The effect of filtering face piece grade 2 (FFP2) masks for infection prevention is essential in health care systems; however, it depends on supply chains. Efficient methods to reprocess FFP2 masks may be needed in disasters. Therefore, different UV-C irradiation schemes for bacterial decontamination of used FFP2 masks were investigated.Seventy-eight masks were irradiated with UV light for durations between 3 and 120 seconds and subsequently analyzed for the presence of viable bacteria on the inside. Ten masks served as the control group. Irradiation on the inside of the masks reduced bacteria in proportion to the dose, with an almost complete decontamination after 30 seconds. Outside irradiation reduced the quantity of colonies without time-dependent effects. Both sides of irradiation for a cumulated 30 seconds or more showed almost complete decontamination.Overall, this study suggests that standardized UV irradiation schemes with treatment to both sides might be an efficient and effective method for FFP2 mask decontamination in times of insufficient supplies.
  PubDate: 2024-04-29
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.86
Relationship Between Health Anxiety and Psychological Resilience Among
Nursing Students and Predictors of Psychological Resilience in the Last
Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic
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  Authors: Sagkal Midilli; Tulay, Kalkim, Asli, Uslu, Burcu
  First page: 92
  Abstract: Objective:The study aimed to determine health anxiety and psychological resilience and to investigate the relationship between health anxiety and psychological resilience among nursing students in the last period of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 507 students in Turkey. The questionnaires used in the study were a student nurse information form, the Health Anxiety Inventory, and the Resilience Scale for Adults.Results:The mean age of the students was 20.70 ± 1.77 years. The health anxiety mean score was 36.19 ± 6.55, and the resilience scale mean score was 117.13 ± 16.00. There was a weak negative correlation between the students’ psychological resilience and their health anxiety (r = −0.207, P < 0.001).Conclusion:Having an extended family and having good relationships with family and friends were the predictors of psychological resilience. Social support and psychological care services under a biopsychosocial model by the management of university or faculty should be implemented for university students in order to preserve their resilience and well-being, to cope with the pandemic.
  PubDate: 2024-04-08
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.71
Occupational and Personal Challenges During the Opioid Crisis:
Understanding First Responders’ Experiences and Viewpoints of Clients
with Opioid Use Disorder
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  Authors: Lofaro; Ryan J., Sapat, Alka
  First page: 93
  Abstract: Objectives:This study provides preliminary findings on the experiences of first responders during the opioid crisis and their viewpoints regarding whether clients with opioid use disorder deserve medical rehabilitation. Understanding associations between first responder experiences and viewpoints of client deservedness can help reduce stigma, improve compassionate care, and identify training gaps.Methods:Analyses were run with data from a nationwide survey of Emergency Medical Services-providers and law enforcement workers collected from August to November 2022 (N = 3836). The study used univariate statistics and ordered logistic regression to understand first responders’ experiences and viewpoints on client deservedness, as well as the relationship between the two.Results:Results show a negative correlation between responding to overdose calls and perceiving clients with opioid use disorder as deserving of medical rehabilitation. Law enforcement, males, and conservatives also had negative viewpoints. Conversely, having a friend experience addiction and believing addiction has had a direct impact on respondents’ lives predicted increases in client deservedness.Conclusions:Policy should focus on creating spaces where first responders can have positive interactions with people who use drugs or are in recovery. Better training is needed to help first responders manage on-the-job stressors and understand the complexities of addiction.
  PubDate: 2024-05-30
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.79
What If Nice Terrorist Attack Would Have Happened in Milan' Drawing a
Disaster Plan for Mass Casualty Incidents Involving the Pediatric
Population
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  Authors: Difino; Margherita, Stucchi, Riccardo, Weinstein, Eric S., De Pellegrin, Maurizio, Zoli, Alberto, Sechi, Giuseppe Maria, Faccincani, Roberto
  First page: 94
  Abstract: Terrorist attacks involving children raised concern regarding the preparedness to treat pediatric trauma patients during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). The purpose of this project was to assess the resources available in Milan to respond to MCIs as the 2016 Bastille Day attack in Nice. Literature and guidelines were reviewed and minimal standard requirements of care of pediatric trauma patients in MCIs were identified. The hospitals that took part in the study were asked to answer a survey regarding their resource availability. An overall surge capability of 40-44 pediatric trauma patients was identified, distributed based on age and severity, hospital resources, and expertise. The findings showed that adult and pediatric hospitals should work in synergy with pediatric trauma centers, or offer an alternative if there is none, and should be included in disaster plans for MCIs. Simulations exercises need to be carried out to evaluate and validate the results.
  PubDate: 2024-05-30
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.45
Helping the Helpers: Mental Health Challenges of Psychosocial Support
Workers During the Russian-Ukrainian War
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  Authors: Kang; Hun, Fischer, Ian C., Esterlis, Irina, Kolyshkina, Alla, Ponomarenko, Liudmyla, Chobanian, Anna, Vus, Viktor, Pietrzak, Robert H.
  First page: 95
  Abstract: Objective:The ongoing Russian–Ukrainian war has been linked to mental health problems in the Ukrainian general population. To date, however, scarce research has examined the mental health of psychosocial support workers (PSWs) in Ukraine who have a burdensome workload in the context of ongoing conflict. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of burnout, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation (SI) in PSWs in Ukraine during the Russian–Ukrainian war.Methods:One hundred seventy-eight PSWs in Ukraine completed a survey assessing war exposure, mental health, and psychosocial characteristics.Results:A total 59.6% of PSWs screened positive for burnout, 38.2% for PTSD, and 10.7% for current SI. Lower optimism was associated with greater odds of burnout. Greater distress from witnessing war-related destruction, lower optimism, lower presence of meaning in life, and lower levels of close social relationships were associated with greater odds of burnout. Lower presence of meaning in life was associated with greater odds of SI.Conclusions:Results of this study highlight the mental health challenges faced by PSWs in Ukraine during the ongoing Russian–Ukrainian war. They further suggest that interventions to foster meaning in life and promote social connectedness may “help the helpers” during this ongoing conflict.
  PubDate: 2024-06-03
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.68
Jordanian Nurses’ Perceptions of Disaster Preparedness and Core
Competencies
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  Authors: Alfuqaha; Alia N., Alosta, Mohammad R., Khalifeh, Anas H., Oweidat, Islam Ali
  First page: 96
  Abstract: Objective:This study aims to identify the Jordanian nurses’ perception of their disaster preparedness and core competencies.Methods:A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used. The data was collected via an online self-reported questionnaire using the disaster preparedness evaluation tool and the core disaster competencies tool.Results:A total of 126 nurses participated in the study. Jordanian nurses had moderate to high levels of core disaster competencies and moderate levels of disaster preparedness. Core disaster competencies and disaster preparedness levels differed based on previous training on disaster preparedness, and the availability of an established emergency plan in their hospitals. Lastly, a previous training on disaster preparedness and core disaster competencies were statistically significant predictors of disaster preparedness among Jordanian nurses.Conclusions:Organizational factors and environmental contexts play a role in the development of such capabilities. Future research should focus on understanding the barriers and facilitators of developing core disaster competencies and disaster preparedness among nurses.
  PubDate: 2024-04-24
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.81
Efficacy and Safety of High PEEP NIV in COVID-19 Patients
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  Authors: Šitum; Ivan, Hrvoić, Lovro, Mamić, Gloria, Džaja, Nikolina, Popović, Zvonimir, Karković, Nikica, Jurković, Ivan, Erceg, Ante, Premužić, Vedran, Mažar, Mirabel, Mihaljević, Slobodan, Perković, Romana, Karmelić, Dora, Lovrić, Daniel
  First page: 97
  Abstract: Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with high PEEP levels application in patients with COVID–19–related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study with data collected from 95 patients who were administered NIV as part of their treatment in the COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) at University Hospital Centre Zagreb between October 2021 and February 2022. The definite outcome was NIV failure.Results:High PEEP NIV was applied in all 95 patients; 54 (56.84%) patients could be kept solely on NIV, while 41 (43.16%) patients required intubation. ICU mortality of patients solely on NIV was 3.70%, while total ICU mortality was 35.79%. The most significant difference in the dynamic of respiratory parameters between 2 patient groups was visible on Day 3 of ICU stay: By that day, patients kept solely on NIV required significantly lower PEEP levels and had better improvement in PaO2, P/F ratio, and HACOR score.Conclusion:High PEEP applied by NIV was a safe option for the initial respiratory treatment of all patients, despite the severity of ARDS. For some patients, it was also shown to be the only necessary form of oxygen supplementation.
  PubDate: 2024-05-30
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.85
Pet Owners Risk Perception and Risk Communication in Disasters in
Developing Countries
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  Authors: Moslehi; Shandiz, Narimani, Sajjad
  First page: 98
  Abstract: Disasters can cause great physical and financial damage to pet owners in developing countries. These effects lead to severe psychological side effects on individuals and families. With the tendency of families to keep pets in these countries, many challenges have arisen regarding how to manage these pets before, during, and after disasters. Therefore, mitigation, prevention, and preparedness measures for these families should be prioritized in the disaster management cycle to minimize psychological effects such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after losing pets.
  PubDate: 2024-06-04
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.83
Regulatory Considerations for Development of Wound Dressing Devices Used
for Chemical and Radiation Injuries
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  Authors: Guan; Allan, Morabito, Julie
  First page: 99
  PubDate: 2024-08-15
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.67
Health Consequences Management in a Multi-Hazard Context: A Systematic
Review of the Coincidence of Flood and the COVID-19 Pandemic –
CORRIGENDUM
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  Authors: Yari; Arezoo, Hasan, Md. Khalid, Yousefi Khoshsabegheh, Homa, Soufi Boubakran, Mohsen, Motlagh, Mohamad Esmaeil
  First page: 100
  PubDate: 2024-07-11
  DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.101

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