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Tobacco Control
Number of Followers: 16  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 0964-4563 - ISSN (Online) 1468-3318 This journal is no longer being updated because: the publisher no longer provides RSS feeds |
- Ensuring a safe, tobacco free future for the young: protecting children
from tobacco industry interference-
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Authors: Assunta, M; Chamberlain, P.
Pages: 281 - 282
Abstract: The tobacco industry needs to replace the eight million people who use tobacco1 and die every year from tobacco-related diseases. These are often recruited among the young, since 9 out of 10 people who smoke start before the age of 18.2 Young customers keep the industry viable. The WHO estimates over 40 million children aged 13–15 years use tobacco.3 While most governments have implemented measures to protect minors from tobacco use in accordance with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the fight to protect the young remains intense as the tobacco industry continues to target youth. The tobacco industry is ‘inordinately profitable’4; the profits of the six largest tobacco companies in 2018 were US$55 billion, more than Coca Cola, PepsiCo, Nestle, Mondelez, FedEx, General Mills, Starbucks, Heineken and Carlsberg combined.5 6 In the USA alone, in...
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2024-058698
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Worldwide news and comment
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Authors: Evans-Reeves, K; Canty, R.
Pages: 283 - 286
Abstract: All articles written by Karen Evans-Reeves and Ruth Canty unless otherwise attributed. Ideas and items for News Analysis should be sent to k.a.evans reeves@bath.ac.uk GLOBAL The 10th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP10) of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took place in Panama City in February 2024 to review global progress in tobacco control to date and to deliberate on future measures (figure 1). Delegates from 142 member Parties attended alongside public health organisations from across the globe. The following stories feature key decisions and outcomes from COP10. Figure 1The 10th session of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) occurred in Panama City in February 2024. Source: Secretariat of the WHO FCTC. Advancing environmental protection at COP10: Implications for tobacco’s toxic plastics and extended producer responsibility In...
Keywords: TC News analysis
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2024-058730
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Factors associated with smoking behaviour changes during the COVID-19
pandemic in Japan: a 6-month follow-up study-
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Authors: Yamamoto, T; Abbas, H, Kanai, M, Yokoyama, T, Tabuchi, T.
Pages: 287 - 294
Abstract: BackgroundSmoking behaviour may have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the April 2020 revised smoke-free policy and the high prevalence of heated tobacco product (HTP) use in Japan (10.9% in 2020). This study examined the association between these three events and smoking behaviour changes using 6-month follow-up data from before and during the pandemic.MethodUsing longitudinal data from an internet survey conducted in February 2020 (baseline) and follow-up in August to September 2020, prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for smoking behaviour changes (increase and quit) were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression with adjustments for potential covariates including three event-related five factors: fear of COVID-19, living in a COVID-19 endemic area, workplace smoking rules, self-imposed smoking rules at home and type of tobacco use (cigarette only/HTP only/dual use). A smoker who reported an increase in smoking intensity in the last month was defined as an increase. A smoker who had stopped both cigarettes and HTPs at follow-up was defined as a quit.ResultsWe analysed 1810 tobacco users (1448 males (80%); mean age 50.8 years±13.2 SD). At baseline, 930 participants used cigarettes only, 293 HTPs only and 587 both. While 214 (11.8%) users increased smoking intensity, 259 (14.3%) quit both tobacco products. Those who feared COVID-19 were less likely to quit (PR=0.77, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.95), while living in a COVID-19 endemic area was not associated with either smoking behaviour change. Workplace smoking rules were not associated with either smoking behaviour change, but those with no home smoking ban were less likely to quit. Compared with cigarette-only users, HTP-only users were more likely to quit (PR=1.57, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.11), while dual users were more likely to increase smoking intensity (PR=1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.79).ConclusionDuring the pandemic, dual cigarette and HTP use increased smoking intensity, whereas HTP-only use was associated with quitting but fear of COVID-19 and not having a home smoking ban made it harder to quit.
Keywords: COVID-19
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057353
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Projecting the impact of implementation of WHO MPOWER measures on smoking
prevalence and mortality in Japan-
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Authors: Yang, S. L; Togawa, K, Gilmour, S, Leon, M. E, Soerjomataram, I, Katanoda, K.
Pages: 295 - 301
Abstract: ObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify the long-term impact of implementing the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) compliant tobacco control measures, MPOWER, on smoking prevalence and mortality in men and women aged ≥20 years in Japan.DesignA Stock-and-Flow simulation model was used to project smoking prevalence and mortality from 2018 to 2050 under eight different scenarios: (1) maintaining the 2018 status quo, (2) implementation of smoke-free policies, (3) tobacco use cessation programmes, (4–5) health warning about the dangers of tobacco (labels, mass media), (6) enforcement of tobacco advertising bans or (7) tobacco taxation at the highest recommended level and (8) all these interventions combined.ResultsUnder the status quo, the smoking prevalence in Japan will decrease from 29.6% to 15.5% in men and 8.3% to 4.7% in women by 2050. Full implementation of MPOWER will accelerate this trend, dropping the prevalence to 10.6% in men and 3.2% in women, and save nearly a quarter million deaths by 2050. This reduction implies that Japan will only attain the current national target of 12% overall smoking prevalence in 2033, 8 years earlier than it would with the status quo (in 2041), a significant delay from the national government’s 2022 deadline.ConclusionsTo bring forward the elimination of tobacco smoking and substantially reduce smoking-related deaths, the government of Japan should fulfil its commitment to the FCTC and adopt stringent tobacco control measures delineated by MPOWER and beyond.
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057262
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Impact of the European Unions menthol cigarette ban on smoking cessation
outcomes: longitudinal findings from the 2020-2021 ITC Netherlands Surveys
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Authors: Kyriakos, C. N; Driezen, P, Fong, G, Chung-Hall, J, Hyland, A, Geboers, C, Quah, A. C. K, Willemsen, M. C, Filippidis, F. T.
Pages: 302 - 309
Abstract: IntroductionTo reduce the appeal of tobacco, the European Union (EU) banned menthol as a characterising flavour in cigarettes in May 2020. This pre/post-study evaluated the impact of the menthol ban on smoking cessation outcomes among a representative cohort of Dutch smokers.MethodsAdult (18+ years) smokers were recruited at wave 1 (pre-ban) of the International Tobacco Control Netherlands Surveys (February–March 2020) and followed post-ban at wave 2 (September–November 2020) and wave 3 (June–July 2021) (N=1326 participated in all three waves). Weighted bivariate, logistic regression and generalised estimating equation model analyses were conducted.ResultsUsual menthol use decreased from pre-ban (7.8%) to post-ban (4.0% at wave 2 and 4.4% at wave 3) (p
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057428
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Longitudinal bidirectional association between youth electronic cigarette
use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in Thailand-
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Authors: Patanavanich, R; Worawattanakul, M, Glantz, S.
Pages: 310 - 316
Abstract: IntroductionThis study quantifies the longitudinal association between e-cigarette use and subsequent conventional cigarette initiation and vice versa among Thai youths.MethodsData from a longitudinal survey of 6045 Thai seventh grade students with baseline in 2019 and the 12-month follow-up in 2020 were analysed using complex survey multivariate logistic regressions to assess whether e-cigarette use was associated with subsequent cigarette smoking (ever, current and dual product users at follow-up) among baseline never smokers.ResultsConsistent with prior findings from other countries, among those who had never smoked cigarettes at baseline, ever e-cigarette users were more likely to try cigarette smoking (adjusted OR 4.44; 95% CI 2.23 to 8.86; p
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057491
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Towards tobacco-free retailers: feasibility of an intervention encouraging
retailers to stop selling tobacco in Tasmania-
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Authors: Smith, A. L; Mihrshahi, S, Martin-Gall, V. A, Brkic, M, Veitch, M. G, Freeman, B.
Pages: 317 - 324
Abstract: BackgroundDespite calls for greater emphasis on tobacco supply reduction strategies, limited evidence of interventions (regulatory and non-regulatory) to reduce tobacco retailer numbers exists. This study investigated the feasibility of a real-world, non-regulatory intervention to encourage low volume tobacco retailers to stop selling, in a jurisdiction with a tobacco retailer licensing system.InterventionBetween December 2018 and 2019, low volume tobacco retailers (n=164) were exposed to multiple intervention elements (eg, postcard and letter mail-out, onsite visit) focused on the business benefits of stopping selling, in the lead up to their tobacco licence expiry date. The intervention was delivered in Tasmania, Australia in a region characterised by socioeconomic disadvantage, high smoking rates and density of tobacco retailers.MethodsFor this mixed-methods study we collected data through implementation records on 164 retailers and postintervention interviews with 21 retailers to explore intervention implementation, awareness, acceptability, usefulness and actions taken.ResultsRetailers were able to recall the intervention, specifically messages focused on the business-related reasons to stop selling tobacco. Of the 107 retailers that the project officer spoke with onsite or via telephone, the majority (72%) accepted phase I components. The intervention introduced some retailers to the concept of ending tobacco sales, which made them stop and consider this option. Of the 164 retailers exposed to the intervention, 18 (11%) retailers ended tobacco sales.ConclusionOur study suggests that a non-regulatory intervention targeting low volume retailers to end tobacco sales may help to reduce the retail availability of tobacco.
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057374
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Messaging about very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) to influence policy
attitudes, harm perceptions and smoking motivations: a discrete choice
experiment-
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Authors: Reynolds, R. M; Popova, L, Ashley, D. L, Henderson, K. C, Ntansah, C. A, Yang, B, Hackworth, E. E, Hardin, J, Thrasher, J.
Pages: 325 - 332
Abstract: BackgroundTo reduce smoking and the harms it causes, countries, including the USA, are considering policies to reduce nicotine in combustible tobacco to minimally addictive levels. Effective messages about very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) and this policy are crucial in combating misperceptions threatening the policy’s effectiveness.Data and methodsA discrete choice experiment assessed messages about VLNCs. Participants were 590 adults who smoked exclusively, 379 adults who both smoked and used e-cigarettes, 443 adults who formerly smoked and 351 young adults who never smoked (total n=1763). Seven message attributes were varied systematically (source, harm, chemicals, nicotine, satisfaction, addictiveness and quitting efficacy). Outcomes were selection of messages that generated the most positive attitude towards reduced nicotine policy, the greatest perceived harmfulness of VLNCs, and most strongly motivated quitting and initiating behaviour for VLNCs.ResultsInformation about specific harms and chemicals of VLNCs had the largest effects on selection of messages as eliciting more negative attitudes towards VLNCs policy, increasing perceived VLNC harmfulness, increasing motivation to quit VLNCs and decreasing motivation to try VLNCs. Messages with information about quitting efficacy were selected as more motivating to quit among those who smoke, but also more motivating to try VLNCs among those who do not smoke.ConclusionHarm and chemical information can be prioritised to ensure VLNCs are not misperceived as less harmful than regular cigarettes. Messages about increased quitting efficacy and reduced addictiveness associated with VLNCs may backfire if presented to those who do not smoke.
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057577
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Non-compliant packaging and illicit smokeless tobacco in Bangladesh, India
and Pakistan: findings of a pack analysis-
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Authors: Abdullah, S. M; Huque, R, Siddiqi, K, Kanaan, M, Huque, S, Ullah, S, Garg, S, Singh, M. M, Deshmukh, C, Borle, A. L, Iqbal, R, Mazhar, L, Parascandola, M, Mehrotra, R, Croucher, R, Khan, Z.
Pages: 333 - 340
Abstract: IntroductionIllicit smokeless tobacco (ST) trade has seldom been documented despite ST use in at least 127 countries across the world. Based on non-compliance with packaging regulations, we report the proportion of illicit ST products from samples on sale in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan where 85% of global ST users reside.MethodsWe purchased unique ST products from tobacco sellers in two purposively selected administrative areas (division/district) in each of the three countries. The criteria to determine illicit ST products were based on country-specific legal requirements for ST packaging and labelling. These requirements included: ‘market retail price disclosure’, ‘sale statement disclosure’, ‘pictorial health warning (PHW) pertinence’, ‘appropriate textual health warning’ and ‘using misleading descriptors (MDs)’. Non-compliance with even one of the legal requirements was considered to render the ST product illicit.ResultsAlmost all ST products bought in Bangladesh and India were non-compliant with the local packaging requirements and hence potentially illicit, all products in Pakistan lacked desirable features. The most common feature missing was health warnings: 84% packs in Bangladesh, 93% in India, and 100% in Pakistan either did not have PHW or their sizes were too small. In Bangladesh, 61% packs carried MDs. In India and Pakistan, the proportions of such packs were 32% and 42%, respectively.ConclusionsWeak and poorly enforced ST control policies may be slowing the progress of tobacco control in South Asia. Standardised regulations are required for packaging and labelling ST. Improving compliance and reducing sale of cheap illicit products may require business licensing and market surveillance.
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2021-057228
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Magnitude of illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia: empirical evidence
compared with industry studies-
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Authors: Bui, W. K. T; Ross, H, Mohamed Nor, N.
Pages: 341 - 345
Abstract: BackgroundThe tobacco industry contends that the illicit market in Malaysia occupies 62.3% of the total cigarette market. If this is true, Malaysia has one of the largest shares of illicit cigarettes in the world.MethodsThis study employs a rigorous gap analysis to measure the size of the illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia and compare it with the industry estimates.FindingsWe found that in 2019, the illicit cigarette market share ranged from 38.2% to 52.5%, depending on assumptions with respect to consumption under-reporting, which is substantially less than the industry estimates. We found that the size of the illicit cigarette market was not driven by higher excise tax: doubling the excise tax rate from RM0.20 to RM0.40 per stick in November 2015 resulted in only a slight increase in the illicit cigarette market share and no increase in the number of illicit cigarettes in the market.ConclusionsTherefore, a reduction in cigarette excise taxes, as suggested by the industry, will not solve the problem of illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia. Instead, the government should ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control’s Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products and implement the strategies outlined in the protocol.
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2021-057210
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- How do New Zealand youth perceive the smoke-free generation policy' A
qualitative analysis-
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Authors: Hoek, J; Lee, E, Teddy, L, Fenton, E, Ball, J, Edwards, R.
Pages: 346 - 352
Abstract: IntroductionAotearoa New Zealand (NZ) plans to introduce a smoke-free generation (SFG) policy, alongside denicotinisation and reducing the availability of tobacco products. The SFG has a clear rationale, yet we know little about how young people, those the policy targets, perceive it. To inform policy design, communication and implementation, we explored how NZ youth perceived the SFG.MethodsWe undertook in-depth interviews with a sample of 20 youth aged 17 or 18 and explored their knowledge of the SFG, and how they perceived its individual and societal implications. We interpreted the data using a reflexive thematic analysis approach.ResultsWe identified two overarching themes. The first theme, ‘societal good and protection from harm’, reflected benefits participants associated with the SFG, which outweighed perceptions of lost freedoms. The second theme, ‘privileging personal choice’, corresponded to two small groups within the sample. The first preferred measures they considered less restrictive, such as increasing the purchase age, and some came to support the SFG as they rationalised their views. The second subgroup expressed more entrenched opposition and felt the SFG deprived them of a choice.ConclusionsYoung people’s deep reflection on the SFG led most to view it as liberating rather than restrictive. Communications that avoid prompting heuristic-based responses could encourage youth to reflect on the policy and elicit strong support from the group the SFG aims to benefit.
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057658
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Standard smokeless tobacco packaging: potential impact on perceived
attractiveness, warning label visibility and harm perceptions among adults
in Bangladesh-
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Authors: Czaplicki, L; Saraf, S, Kroart, L, Rasheduzzaman, A. B. M, Islam, M. S, Cohen, J. E.
Pages: 353 - 359
Abstract: BackgroundIn Bangladesh, smokeless tobacco (SLT) is available in a variety of pack shapes and sizes. Lack of standard packaging could limit compliance with pictorial health warning label (HWL) requirements. We explored Bangladeshi SLT users’ and non-users’ perceptions of a proposed standard pack shape for gul (tobacco powder) and zordha (chewing tobacco), including the role that HWL placement plays on harm perceptions.MethodsWe conducted 28 focus groups across three regions of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Sylhet and Khulna. Groups were stratified equally by urban/rural residence, gender and SLT use. Trained facilitators used a standardised guide to discuss perceived attractiveness, noticeability of HWLs and perceived harm of current versus standard packs.ResultsMost groups found bright colours, ‘brand owner’ portrait imagery, and strong, sturdy pack material of current packs attractive. Many of the same features increased perceived attractiveness of the standard packs. Pictorial HWLs on the standard packs appeared larger and increased the visibility and noticeability of HWLs compared with current packs. Lack of HWLs or limited visibility of HWL due to discolouration contributed to lower levels of perceived harm of the current packs. In contrast, HWL prominence and placement on both sides of the standard pack increased perceived harm of standard packs.ConclusionThe findings suggest a standard shape and size for SLT sold in Bangladesh, coupled with proper implementation of HWLs per the law, could improve HWL noticeability and increase harm perceptions. Additional plain packaging policies that also standardise pack colour may be required to reduce attractive colours and branding.
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057597
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Tobacco imagery in popular films in China from 2001 to 2020: a declining
trend-
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Authors: Li, X; Niu, L, Kuang, Y, Mei, J, Li, R, Li, T, Ding, J, Xiao, S.
Pages: 360 - 364
Abstract: BackgroundExposure to tobacco imagery in films can result in tobacco use among adolescents and young adults. Efforts have been made to limit tobacco imagery in films in China. Our study investigates the level and trend of tobacco imagery in popular films in China from 2001 to 2020.MethodsThe running time of the 20 top-grossing films in China annually from 2001 to 2020 was divided into 5 min intervals, and those containing tobacco imagery were coded for the following aspects: country of origin, presence of warning, presence of minors and the presence of tobacco brands.ResultsWe coded 9423 five-minute intervals across 400 films. Tobacco imagery occurred in 1344 intervals across 239 films. There was a declining trend in the proportion of films (r=–0.515, p=0.022) and the proportion of intervals (r=–0.004, p
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057565
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Changes in e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking cessation in
the USA: evidence from a prospective PATH study, 2013-2018-
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Authors: Wang, Y; Sung, H.-Y, Max, W. B.
Pages: 365 - 372
Abstract: AimsTo examine the relationship between changes in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and subsequent cigarette smoking cessation.MethodsUsing data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (wave 1–wave 4), we analysed a study cohort of 3014 current adult cigarette smokers at wave 1 who tried to quit during the past 12 months. We categorised changes in e-cigarette use from wave 1 to wave 2 as: daily initiation, non-daily initiation, increase to daily use, increase to non-daily use, stable daily use, stable non-daily use, decrease from daily use, quit non-daily use and non-use. We estimated multivariable logistic regressions on short-term (≥1 month and
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2021-057225
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Risk and safety profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): an
umbrella review to inform ENDS health communication strategies-
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Authors: Asfar, T; Jebai, R, Li, W, Oluwole, O. J, Ferdous, T, Gautam, P, Schmidt, M, Noar, S. M, Lindblom, E. N, Eissenberg, T, Bursac, Z, Vallone, D, Maziak, W.
Pages: 373 - 382
Abstract: ObjectivesThis umbrella review aims to summarise the evidence about electronic nicotine delivery systems’ (ENDS) risk and safety health profile to inform ENDS health communication strategies.Data sources and study selectionSix databases were searched for systematic reviews presenting evidence on ENDS-related health effects. Ninety reviews divided into five categories were included: toxicity=20, health effects=40, role in smoking cessation=24, role in transition to combustible cigarettes (CCs)=13 and industry marketing claims=4.Data extractionFindings were synthesised in narrative summaries. Meta-analyses were conducted by study type when appropriate. Quality assessment was conducted using the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews. The Institute of Medicine’s Levels of Evidence Framework was used to classify the evidence into high-level, moderate, limited-suggestive and limited-not-conclusive.Data synthesisWe found high-level evidence that ENDS exposes users to toxic substances; increases the risk of respiratory disease; leads to nicotine dependence; causes serious injuries due to explosion or poisoning; increases smoking cessation in clinical trials but not in observational studies; increases CC initiation; and exposure to ENDS marketing increases its use/intention to use. Evidence was moderate for ENDS association with mental health and substance use, limited-suggestive for cardiovascular, and limited-not-conclusive for cancer, ear, ocular and oral diseases, and pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsAs evidence is accumulating, ENDS communication can focus on high-level evidence on ENDS association with toxicity, nicotine addiction, respiratory disease, ENDS-specific harm (explosion, poisoning) and anti-ENDS industry sentiment. Direct comparison between the harm of CCs and ENDS should be avoided.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021241630.
Keywords: Editor's choice
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057495
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Critical appraisal of interventional clinical trials assessing heated
tobacco products: a systematic review-
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Authors: Braznell, S; Van Den Akker, A, Metcalfe, C, Taylor, G. M. J, Hartmann-Boyce, J.
Pages: 383 - 394
Abstract: ObjectiveTo critically assess the methodological characteristics and quality of interventional clinical trials investigating the effects of heated tobacco products (HTPs).Data sourcesWeb of Science (Core collection and MEDLINE), Scopus, MedRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP trial databases and transnational HTP manufacturer online publication libraries were searched for clinical trials on HTPs published between January 2010 and April 2022.Study selectionInterventional clinical trials of any design, in which at least one group of adult participants used a currently marketed HTP, were selected by two reviewers with good or very good agreement.Data extractionData relating to trial characteristics and effects of intervention on primary outcomes were extracted using a predesigned form. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool v1.Data synthesis40 trials were included, 29 of which were tobacco industry affiliated. Methodological characteristics, such as registration, design, setting, comparator interventions, participants, outcomes and analyses, varied between trials, though there were few significant differences between industry-affiliated and independent trials. Of the 40 trials, 33 were judged to be at high risk of bias and 6 at unclear risk of bias. Trial findings were not significantly associated with either affiliation or risk of bias.ConclusionsThe conduct and reporting of HTP interventional clinical trials were poor in many respects and limited to investigating effects of short-term exposure. These trials fall short of what is needed to determine whether HTPs are beneficial to public health, meaning they may not be a sound basis for tobacco control policy decisions.
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057522
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Protecting minors from tobacco products: public interest litigation
enables enforcement in China-
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Authors: Cui, Y; Peng, S, Czaplicki, L, Yang, T.
Pages: 395 - 397
Abstract: To reduce access to and uptake of tobacco products among minors, national laws, such as the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Minors (LPM) and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Tobacco Monopoly (LTM), stipulate that retail stores cannot sell tobacco products near primary or secondary schools, where local governments specify the exact distance between tobacco retailers and schools. Although such a location-based sales restriction could reduce youth exposure to tobacco,1 there remains a gap in the enforcement of this law in China. In this Advocacy in Action letter, we describe compliance with LPM and LTM provisions in one district of Beijing and the subsequent public interest litigation (PIL) case which can guide future tobacco control action in China and other countries. Sales to minors in Beijing’s Haidian District In the Haidian District of Beijing, local regulations stipulate...
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057615
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Tobacco promotion restriction policies on social media
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Authors: Kong, G; Laestadius, L, Vassey, J, Majmundar, A, Stroup, A. M, Meissner, H. I, Ben Taleb, Z, Cruz, T. B, Emery, S. L, Romer, D.
Pages: 398 - 403
Abstract: Tobacco promotion is prolific on social media, with each platform setting their own restrictions on tobacco promotion and sales. We evaluated the policies related to tobacco product promotion and sales on 11 sites that are popular with youth in May 2021: Discord, Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Reddit, Snapchat, TikTok, Tumblr, Twitch, Twitter and YouTube. Nine of the 11 sites prohibited paid advertising for tobacco products. However, only three of them clearly prohibited sponsored content (ie, social influencers) that promotes tobacco. Six platforms restricted content that sells tobacco products and three tried to prohibit underage access to content that promotes or sells tobacco products. Although most platform policies prohibited paid tobacco advertising, few addressed more novel strategies, such as sponsored/influencer content and few had age-gating to prevent youth access. There is a pressing need to regulate tobacco promotion on social media platforms.
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057348
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- 'Tobacco-free claims in tobacco product marketing in the United States
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Authors: Seidenberg, A; Kaufman, A.
Pages: 404 - 405
Abstract: Tobacco control research, policy and advocacy are replete with ‘tobacco-free’ terminology. For instance, there are tobacco-free initiatives targeting removal of tobacco use, imagery and branding from major entertainment media.1 2 There are also policies promoting tobacco-free college campuses,3 parks,4 pharmacies5 and workplaces6 which help protect the environment from tobacco product litter, reduce exposure to secondhand smoke and denormalise tobacco use. The goals of these and other efforts are to create a tobacco-free generation7 and even a tobacco-free world.8 In recent years, tobacco manufacturers have begun using tobacco-free terminology to market tobacco products. Tobacco-free marketing has been used in at least two contexts. The first is to claim that the product’s nicotine source is not tobacco-derived (ie, ‘tobacco-free nicotine’, also known as synthetic nicotine). For example, in 2021, the most popular e-cigarette brand among...
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057700
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Online e-cigarette promotion in Indonesia
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Authors: Bigwanto, M; Ramadhan, F. A, Wijayanto, X. A.
Pages: 406 - 409
Abstract: BackgroundThe decline in the global prevalence of cigarette smoking has prompted tobacco companies to expand their business by producing and marketing new nicotine-based products in various countries, including Indonesia. The study aims to assess e-cigarette promotional frequency and content on social media in Indonesia.MethodsMonitoring was conducted on Instagram in October 2021. A total of 45 Instagram influencer accounts were monitored to assess the frequency of posting and interactions from 4 to 20 October for InstaStories and from 4 to 31 October for Instagram Feeds. Content analysis was carried out on 310 posts collected from 10 randomly selected accounts from 1 to 31 October (one post per account per day) to evaluate the form, type and characteristics of the promotions.ResultsThere were a total of 2 897 327 followers across the 45 Instagram accounts. On average, the 45 accounts posted about 185 stories and 43 feed posts per day. Of the 310 feed posts analysed from 10 randomly selected accounts, 64% featured images of women; 50% highlighted or displayed the product; and 32% showed enjoyment of the product flavours.ConclusionsThe tobacco industry has successfully taken advantage of the e-cigarette promotion regulatory void. The Indonesian government needs to ban the promotion of these products, including those on online platforms.
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057568
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Calculating the potential environmental impact of a menthol cigarette ban
in the USA-
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Authors: Craig, L. V; Chung-Hall, J, Meng, G, Fong, G. T.
Pages: 410 - 411
Abstract: Among the many harms of tobacco products are those that were the focus of the 2022 WHO World No Tobacco Day: the widespread environmental impacts of tobacco.1 2 These environmental impacts are also recognised in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which obligates Parties to address environmental concerns in Article 17 (Provide support for economically viable alternative activities) and Article 18 (Protect the environment and health of persons).3 Cigarette butts are some of the most littered items on earth,4 totalling 4.5 trillion littered cigarettes per year globally.5 A large-scale observational study of littering behaviour in the USA estimated a littering rate of 65% for cigarette butts.6 In addition to the contents of unsmoked tobacco, such as nicotine, and chemicals from additives, cigarette butts include filters, composed of paper and cellulose acetate, which is a nearly non-biodegradable...
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057563
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Themes in e-liquid concept names as a marketing tactic: evidence from
Premarket Tobacco Product Applications in the USA-
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Authors: Laestadius, L; Vassey, J, Kim, M, Ozga, J, Li, D, Stanton, C, Wipfli, H, Unger, J. B.
Pages: 412 - 413
Abstract: Concept naming of flavours is popular among e-liquid manufacturers.1–3 Rather than explicitly stating a taste or smell, these names convey aesthetics or sensations (eg, unicorn, frostbite, roadhouse), as well as positive health and lifestyle experiences (eg, relaxed, blissful).4 Concept names are frequently accompanied by colourful packaging and bottle designs that reinforce their connotations.1 2 While concept naming is not novel, its impact on youth appeal, as distinct from the flavours themselves, is understudied.5 Concept naming warrants additional attention following US regulatory developments limiting characterising flavours in e-liquids. Several states and localities (eg, New York, Massachusetts, San Francisco) prohibited the sale of non-tobacco-flavoured electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and e-liquid products as early as 2020,6 and as of April 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued Premarket Tobacco Product Marketing Granted Orders only for...
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057657
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- New recreational nicotine lozenges, tablets, gummies and gum proliferate
on the US market-
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Authors: Borowiecki, M; Emery, S. L, Kostygina, G.
Pages: 414 - 416
Abstract: In recent years, several major tobacco companies have rapidly expanded their offerings in what they frequently term ‘modern oral’ products or oral tobacco products marketed for recreational use beyond traditional forms like chewing tobacco or snus.1 2 While the rising popularity of nicotine pouches (tobacco-free oral nicotine products similar to snus) has already been noted in the literature,3 4 the availability and trends in consumption of other newer oral products are yet to be documented.5 These emerging product types, including recreational nicotine lozenges, tablets, gummies and gum, are now available from several major tobacco manufacturers in the USA. While these products were preceded by other oral or dissolvable tobacco products like Camel Orbs and Marlboro Sticks, these brands were generally unsuccessful and were pulled off the market in the early 2010s.6 Nicotine lozenges are flavoured, candy-sized oral...
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057673
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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- Japan Tobacco corporate social responsibility activities misleadingly
claim to advance Sustainable Development Goals-
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Authors: Hirano; T.
Pages: 417 - 418
Abstract: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by United Nations Member States in 2015, is a collective plan of action to achieve the agreed 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) via 169 targets. SDG 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for the entire population of all age groups.1 One of the measures to achieve this goal is strengthening the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in all countries (Target 3.a). Implementing the WHO FCTC and other best tobacco control measures is essential to meet Target 3.4: a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases. The WHO FCTC is one of only three international conventions included as a specific target in the SDGs.2 Article 13 of the WHO FCTC requires a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS). According to the Conference of Parties guidelines for...
Keywords: Open access
PubDate: 2024-04-19T00:45:32-07:00
DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057630
Issue No: Vol. 33, No. 3 (2024)
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