 Subjects -> BIOGRAPHY (Total: 17 journals)
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- Editors' Introduction
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Abstract: This is the 19th issue of Tolkien Studies, the first refereed journal solely devoted to the scholarly study of the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. As editors, our goal is to publish excellent scholarship on Tolkien as well as to gather useful research information, reviews, notes, documents, and bibliographical material.All articles have been subject to anonymous, external review as well as receiving a positive judgment by the Editors. In the cases of articles by individuals associated with the journal in any way, each article had to receive at least two positive evaluations from two different outside reviewers. Reviewer comments were anonymously conveyed to the authors of the articles. Although they are solicited and ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Acknowledgments
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Abstract: The Editors would like to thank Wheaton College, Norton, MA for its support. Thanks also to Paula Smith-MacDonald, Paul E. Thomas, Raquel D'Oyen, and Berni Phillips, and also to West Virginia University Press, Melody Negron, Than Saffel, and Sara Georgi.Finally, we acknowledge a special debt of gratitude to our anonymous, outside reviewers who with their collegial service contribute so much to Tolkien ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- In Memoriam
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Abstract: Priscilla Tolkien died on Monday, February 28, 2022. She was ninety-two years old and had lived most of her life in the bright spotlight of her father's work. She was ambassador at large to the myriad readers for whom she represented their most direct contact with his genius. In countless appearances at conferences and in interviews she shared her personal experiences of both the man and his work. In 1992 Priscilla and her older brother John published The Tolkien Family Album, a collection of family photographs with commentary, inviting Tolkien's readers into his and his family's domestic life. Only they could have done it, and the book remains the first and most genuine introduction to Tolkien as his family knew ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Conventions and Abbreviations
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Abstract: Because there are so many editions of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, citations will be by book and chapter as well as by page-number (referenced to the editions listed below). Thus a citation from The Fellowship of the Ring, book two, chapter four, page 318 is written (FR, II, iv, 318). References to the Appendices of The Lord of the Rings are abbreviated by Appendix, Section and subsection, so subsection iii of section I of Appendix A is written (RK, Appendix A, I, iii, 321). The Silmarillion indicates the body of stories and poems developed over many years by Tolkien; The Silmarillion indicates the volume first published in ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- A Rabble of Uninvited Dwarves
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Abstract: Tolkien's account of how he first began writing The Hobbit is well known, deservedly so, since it is a wonderful origin story. One version of the anecdote, which Tolkien gave in a 1968 interview for BBC television, reads as follows:I'd got an enormous pile of exam papers there, and marking school examinations in the summertime is an enormous, was very laborious and, unfortunately, also boring, and I remember picking up a paper and actually finding … one page of this particular paper was left blank. Glorious! Nothing to read, so I scribbled on it—I can't think why—"In a hole in the ground there lived a Hobbit."(Lee 142)1Here Tolkien emphasizes his delight at finding a page left blank by a student—he was tempted ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- The Place of Allegory in Tolkien's Understanding of the Old English Exodus
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Abstract: In his review of Tolkien's edition of the Old English Exodus, Edward B. Irving, Jr., himself an editor of the poem, takes issue with the scarcity of exegetical commentary found therein. While acknowledging that in some of the notes that make up the commentary section, Tolkien shows himself to be aware of the "symbolic or typological dimension of Exodus," Irving expresses his disappointment that Tolkien makes "almost no use of patristic glosses or commentaries, or enough use of parts of the Bible other than the book of Exodus" (539). Peter J. Lucas, another twentieth-century editor of the Old English Exodus, disagrees, commending Tolkien for acknowledging the poem's "allegorical dimension" before other critics did ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- The Hobbit and the Hermeneutics of the Barnyard
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Abstract: The Mirkwood Elves in The Hobbit subvert the broadly agrarian landscape hermeneutics which the rest of Tolkien's classic book (along with the fantasy genre more generally) reinforces. These Elves represent a healing of the breach between Civilization and the Wild more effectively than Tolkien was able to achieve with the competing Baggins and Took instincts in Bilbo. As such, the Mirkwood Elves present an opportunity for reconciliation between indigenous peoples and Westerners who might otherwise perpetuate the narrative of heroic conquest in their own fairy stories.To make this case, I must begin with an excursus into philosophical anthropology, specifically the landscape hermeneutics of agrarian material culture. ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Tolkien, the Medieval Robin Hood, and the Matter of the Greenwood
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Abstract: Save for perhaps King Arthur and his knights, no legendary figure has had a larger or longer-lasting influence on the British literary tradition than Robin Hood. Yet, despite the ubiquitous power England's legendary figures have held over the country's writings, J.R.R. Tolkien was infamously ambivalent about these national stories. In a letter to Milton Waldman, Tolkien laments, "I was from early days grieved by the poverty of my own beloved country: it had no stories of its own … nothing English, save impoverished chap-book stuff. Of course there was and is all the Arthurian world, but powerful as it is, it is imperfectly naturalized, associated with the soil of Britain but not with English" (Letters 144). ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- A Faërie Ring: Poetry and the Metaphor of Music as Devices of
Enchantment in Tolkien's Fiction-
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Abstract: One of the most immediately obvious characteristics of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, evident even upon a casual skim through their pages, is an unusually large (arguably, unprecedented) quantity of poetry, with the text of The Lord of the Rings alone containing over sixty poems.1 To certain readers, the plenitude of poetry in Tolkien's work has seemed soporific or annoying—some have even suggested that the poetry ought to be skipped.2 But dismissing the poems as mere ornamentation obscures a subtle yet crucial feature of Tolkien's work: the role of music. After all, most of the poems are not merely poems but songs, although they are rendered as poetry (there being little alternative in the ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- The Musical Continuity between Howard Shore and J.R.R. Tolkien
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Abstract: Music is "the most powerful force in Tolkien's universe," claims Elizabeth A. Whittingham in a 2019 essay (135). Such bold ideas as this and Bradford Lee Eden's description of Tolkien as a "composer of words," who conceived language in musical terms ("Scholar" 171), might have struck earlier scholars as exaggerations, but in the past decade the topic of music and Tolkien has begun to attract academic interest. Anthologies appearing since 2010 include Eden's Middle-earth Minstrel: Essays on Music in Tolkien, Music in Middle-earth (Steimel and Schneidewind), and Music in Tolkien's Work and Beyond (Eilmann and Schneidewind). Specialized monographs include Christopher MacLachlan's Tolkien and Wagner: The Ring and Der ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Early Drafts and Carbon Copies: Composing and Editing Smith of Wootton
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Abstract: Recent scholarship has shown an increasing interest in Tolkien's writing process. Verlyn Flieger's 2005 critical edition, Smith of Wootton Major, Extended Edition (released in a pocket-sized edition in 2015), provides fresh insight into Tolkien's creative process and his thinking about faery.1 In addition to a reprint of the story itself and new introduction and commentary by Flieger, the volume contains several previously unpublished pieces by Tolkien, including an essay on the background and authorial intention of Smith; a timeline and sketch of major characters; the abandoned introduction to George MacDonald's The Golden Key which led him to begin the tale that became Smith; and, perhaps most illuminating, an ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Tolkien, Thompson, English Modernity, and the Left
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Abstract: Yet such is oft the course of deeds that move the wheels of the world: small hands do them because they must, while the eyes of the great are elsewhere.The working class did not rise like the sun at an appointed time. It was present at its own making.There has been something of a desire by those of all ideologies to claim Tolkien for their own cause, and while this essay may follow similar lines, the attempt is not to say that Tolkien was left wing: such a statement would be anachronistic and false. Rather, this is an argument for Tolkien as a resource for those on the left, especially those of an anti-authoritarian stance. In particular, I look at the work of the British historian and socialist humanist E. P. ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- When the Search for Enchantment Is Bent: "The Scouring of the Shire"
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Abstract: The Scouring of the Shire" confronts the reader of The Lord of the Rings with an abrupt change in content and style, from evoking enchantment as Tolkien conceived of it in "On Fairy-stories" to the brutal realism of totalitarianism. On one level this loss of enchantment is an extension of a central theme of the book—the effort to maintain enchantment in the face of disenchantment. But I shall argue that Tolkien's depiction of realistic totalitarianism warns us of another vicissitude of the search for enchantment: that it can lead to a state of mind that is like a perverse caricature of the enchantment Tolkien creates in the rest of the book. This warning is accomplished not by showing characters experiencing this ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- The Nature of Middle-earth by J.R.R. Tolkien (review)
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Abstract: A new volume of writings by J.R.R. Tolkien is always a welcome surprise, especially if it deals with his legendarium. The posthumous surprises began with The Silmarillion and continued with Unfinished Tales and The History of Middle-earth, all thanks to the diligence, industry, and passion of Christopher Tolkien. Anyone with an interest in Tolkien's invented languages has also been able to enjoy more technical material, presented in the journals Parma Eldalamberon and Vinyar Tengwar by a team of editors to whom Christopher entrusted this extremely challenging work. Now, even though Christopher left us at last in 2020, another surprise has arrived: The Nature of Middle-earth, edited with Christopher's blessing by ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Tolkien and the Classical World ed. by Hamish Williams, and: Tolkien and
the Classics ed. by Roberto Arduini (review)-
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Abstract: Investigation of Tolkien's quarrying of medieval literature for his own works has been proceeding apace with good results for some time now. Tolkien and the Classical World focuses on the less developed study of Tolkien's use of classical (i.e., Greek and Roman) literature.1 Unfortunately, two methodological problems stand in the way. The first has to do with classical literature's pervasive influence during the medieval period. When Tolkien in The Lord of the Rings describes the siege of a great, walled city ruled by an aging man who does not himself fight and therefore relies on his son(s) to defend it, of course one thinks of Troy. But did Tolkien have in mind the Iliad itself or Roman retellings (e.g., that in ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Musical Scores and the Eternal Present: Theology, Time, and Tolkien by
Chiara Bertoglio (review)-
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Abstract: While the self-stated purpose of this book is to present music and its notation as a symbol for "a transcendent and consoling reality: the supreme beauty of God, his providence, and our final destiny as singers in His eternal symphony" (xiii), its title hints towards a fascinating intersection between apologetics, philosophy, and fantasy. A note of particular interest in the title is the mention of J.R.R. Tolkien. Part 2 dwells upon this subject, comparing Tolkien's "Ainulindalë" with the Genesis Creation story and Dante's Commedia—all three heavily laden with musical and religious themes. More intriguing to me is the concept of the eternal present as it applies to musical notation, the reading and performing of ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- A Sense of Tales Untold: Exploring the Edges of Tolkien's Literary Canvas
by Peter Grybauskas (review)-
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Abstract: Peter Grybauskas opens his new book with a brief sketch detailing Tolkien's earliest map of the lands that readers encounter in The Silmarillion: drawn on an exam booklet, heedless of the injunction not to write around the margins due to war-time paper rationing. While this fascinating little anecdote does prefigure the overall argument of A Sense of Tales Untold, it also exemplifies some of the best qualities that readers will find characterizing Grybauskas's work here: it is an intriguing peek into ancillary materials, it offers a new view on ground we might deem well-trod, and it switches seamlessly between a microscopic focus and the greater picture presented by Tolkien's legendarium.These strengths serve his ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Middle-earth, or There and Back Again ed. by Łukasz Neubauer (review)
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Abstract: Even poor books can inspire the reader who wants to go the trouble of engaging with them. This collection edited by Łukasz Neubauer, perhaps best described as an attempt to de-familiarize Tolkienian source study, is far from the worst book of Tolkien scholarship I have read. One of its six chapters (albeit the shortest) is very fine indeed. The others each make some interesting points but are marred by serious flaws. As I am reminded by scanning the much annotated margins of my copy, there's something to engage or enrage on almost every page.It is shocking to find in a work published by the team at Walking Tree, who are well versed in Tolkien's writings, the claim that in the climactic events of The Lord of the ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Book Notes
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Abstract: J.R.R. Tolkien: The Art of the Manuscript, by William M. Fliss and Sarah C. Schaefer (Milwaukee, WI: Haggerty Museum of Art, Marquette University, 2022; 196 pp.; $60 (hardcover); ISBN 978-0-945366-35-5), is the fifth catalog in my personal collection from exhibits since 1983 displaying Tolkien's manuscripts and art held at the Marquette University Archives. All its predecessors are modest-sized softcover saddle-stapled publications with only a few illustrations. The present catalog, of a 2022 Haggerty Museum exhibition, is something else entirely. Though not as extensive as the 2018 Bodleian exhibit catalog, Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth, it is a sturdy and endlessly browsable hardcover that reproduces in ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- The Year's Work in Tolkien Studies 2019
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Abstract: Notable books of the year in Tolkien studies included Tolkien's Lost Chaucer by John M. Bowers (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019), a history and description, with extensive excerpts, of the unfinished and unpublished Clarendon Press edition of Chaucer that Tolkien worked on in the 1920s; and Tolkien's Library: An Annotated Checklist by Oronzo Cilli (Edinburgh: Luna Press, 2019), a first approximation of a complete annotated bibliography of every book Tolkien is known to have owned or read. Tolkien's Lost Chaucer received the 2021 Mythopoeic Scholarship Award in Inklings Studies from the Mythopoeic Society, and Tolkien's Library received the 2020 Tolkien Society Award for Best Book.After a year in which its only publication ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
- Notes on Contributors
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Abstract: Paul Acker is emeritus Professor of English at Saint Louis University, where he taught Tolkien's main subjects, Old English and Old Norse. He has published "On Tolkien's Shadowfax and Old Norse Names for Horses," in Translating the Past: Essays on Medieval Literature in Honor of Marijane Osborn (Tempe, 2012); and "Tolkien's Sellic Spell: A Beowulfian Fairy Tale" in Tolkien Studies 13 (2016). He is currently finishing a book on dragons from classical myth through modern fantasy.David Bratman is co-editor of Tolkien Studies.Ewan Cameron is a writer and policy analyst from Nottingham, UK. He currently works as a teacher and lecturer at Kachinland College.Christopher "Chip" Crane holds a Ph.D. in English Literature ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-04-29T00:00:00-05:00
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