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Verba Hispanica
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 0353-9660 - ISSN (Online) 2350-4250
Published by U of Ljubljana

[17 journals]

La traducción y la interpretación a la luz de la ética y la
responsabilidad social
- Authors: Jasmina Markič, Marija Uršula Geršak
  Pages: 9 - 12
  Abstract: Este número temático de Verba Hispanica pretende ampliar temas sobre la relación entre la ética, la responsabilidad social y la traducción e interpretación, el papel de la traducción e interpretación en su comprensión mutua y en la comunicación intercultural, la importancia de la formación y la educación a la luz de la responsabilidad social y la ética tanto del punto de vista teórico como del de la perspectiva práctica, y también la importancia de la traducción literaria como medio de conocimiento y respeto de diferentes culturas y lenguas.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.9-12
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Neutrality in public service interpreting
- Authors: Zuzana Balounová
  Pages: 13 - 29
  Abstract: Most of the interpreting in the world today is done by public service interpreters. However, there has been a great deal of confusion regarding public service interpreting (PSI), specifically the role of the interpreter and neutrality in PSI. While codes of ethics assert that public service interpreters must act neutrally and impartially, users of PSI tend to view the interpreter as their advocate, making it difficult for the interpreter to maintain neutrality. In fact, as previous studies have shown, maintaining neutrality is one of the biggest challenges public service interpreters face. This article provides a review of the existing literature on the role of public service interpreters, ranging from early studies (e.g., Roberts, 1997; Wadensjö, 1998; Pöchhacker, 2000) via more recent work (e.g., Hale, 2008; Kalina, 2015; Valero Garcés, 2015) to the latest studies on the issue (e.g., Balogh & Salaets, 2019; Şener & Kincal, 2019; Runcieman, 2020). Using practical examples, the article analyses some of the existing codes of ethics and professional guidelines, which, as several authors suggest, are insufficient and should be reassessed. Throughout the paper, differences in different PSI settings (e.g., healthcare centres, schools, social services offices) are addressed.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.13-29
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Ethics in translation practice
- Authors: Phillippa May Bennett
  Pages: 31 - 52
  Abstract: The interest in and understanding of ethics among translation scholars has changed dramatically since the publication of Andrew Chesterman’s proposal for a Hieronymic Oath (Chesterman, 2001). Early definitions of ethics based on equivalence (Newmark, 1991), faithfulness, loyalty (Nord, 1997) and trust have been put aside in favour of more recent notions of translator ethics grounded in accountability (Baker & Maier, 2011) and social responsibility (Drugan & Tipton, 2017). Practising translators who abide by codes of ethics/conduct are bound by principles of honesty, integrity, linguistic competence, confidentiality, and trust. This paper begins by presenting a brief literature review of the main developments in translation ethics from the early linguists to contemporary interpretations. There then follows an analysis and comparison of several professional codes of conduct from the main international associations of translators and interpreters with the benchmark, the Association of Translation and Interpreting Professionals (APTRAD). It is one of the more recent translator associations and has a code of conduct adopted in the last six years. The objective of this paper is to determine which theoretical definitions of ethics are reflected in the codes of conduct and to discuss their usefulness for translators in their daily practice. The paper ends with recommendations for changes to codes of conduct to make them more relevant to practising translators.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.31-52
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Future Spanish sign language interpreters’ ethical training
- Authors: Rayco H. González-Montesino, Lourdes Calle-Alberdi, Silvia Saavedra-Rodríguez
  Pages: 53 - 76
  Abstract: Spanish Sign Language (LSE) interpreters’ professionalization is relatively recent. Since its inception, ethics and its regulation via codes of practice has been essential (De los Santos y Lara Burgos, 2004). At an international level, new models for analysing interpreters’ work, such as the Demand-Control Schema (Dean y Pollard, 2011, 2013) and the Role Space (Llewellyn-Jones y Lee, 2014), have had an important impact on academia, reshaping the ethical analysis framework and, thus, entailing that these professionals’ training is undergoing an upheaval. (efsli, 2013). Those models adopt a teleological approach to professional ethics, challenging the traditional deontological approach (Calle-Alberdi, 2015). This study examines the only university-level training programme for Spanish Sign Language interpreters in Spain, the Spanish Sign Language and Deaf Community Degree, at Rey Juan Carlos University. For this purpose, three case studies including ethical dilemmas have been proposed. These ethical dilemmas are related to the essential pillars of the deontological code created by the Spanish Federation of Sign Language Interpreters and Guide-Interpreters (FILSE, 2002), and have been presented to the aforementioned students. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and, bearing in mind their professional ethics reasoning patterns, conclusions have been drawn, presenting the way students apply the deontological code when making decisions. This initial study allows us to conclude that, in specific situations, students generate a dilemma between deontology and teleology, the latter being the approach suggested by the latest analysis’ frameworks. Nevertheless, it appears there is a need to foster deeper understanding of the new models during the training of future LSE interpreters.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.53-76
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Return to the homeland
- Authors: Martina Kutková
  Pages: 77 - 95
  Abstract: The article deals with the topics of ethics and social responsibility as starting points for the conservation of the Judeo-Spanish language and as agents that influence the translation from Judeo-Spanish to other languages. At the same time, it focuses on the Czech language and culture as the target ones. Bearing in mind the current international approach to the subject (as seen, for example, in the foundation of the National Academy for Ladino) and the new fields of interest in the frame of Translation Studies (e.g., the study of languages that have been marginal and marginalized), the article aims to study the motivation of Czech translations from Judeo-Spanish. In doing so, it examines paratexts that accompany the translations that have been found. Given that the author opens the topic in the context of Czech Translation Studies, the paper is based on her recent findings that embrace discs of Sephardic songs, books that include passages written in Judeo-Spanish and others. The study of the mentioned paratexts shows the topics of ethics and social responsibility as hidden in two disasters that happened within Sephardic history – the expulsion of the Iberian Peninsula ordered by Catholic Monarchs, and the Holocaust – and it understands them as motivations for translating and thus saving the language and its culture.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.77-95
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Ethical challenges of interpreter training at the University of Ljubljana
- Authors: Amalija Maček, Helena Biffio Zorko
  Pages: 97 - 114
  Abstract: Modern society is changing and becoming increasingly multilingual and multicultural. There is a growing need for interpreting in different contexts and for languages that were previously rarely required in the Slovene context (e.g., Albanian, Arabic, and Persian). This paper is based on the premise that if higher interpreter education is to be performed ethically, it must respond to these changes within its capacity and educate interpreters for the languages and fields that society actually needs, thus ensuring respect of human rights in medical, asylum or judicial procedures. In the past, interpreter training at the University of Ljubljana was limited to conference interpreting. However, due to changes in practice the Faculty of Arts has responded to the emerging needs and also formed educational modules for interpreters working in court and asylum procedures, state administration and in medical settings. It continues to invest efforts to expand the range of language combinations to include languages of lesser diffusion, and to offer quality interpreter training to the interpreters of Slovenian sign language. In the academic environment, we are also constantly confronted with internal ethical dilemmas related to the assessment, enrolment, and accreditation processes. It is the latter that significantly slow down the response of the Faculty to needs in society. Despite the numerous administrative, financial and human resources challenges, we may conclude that the Faculty of Arts is committed to investing its maximum efforts and responding with a high level of awareness to the changing interpreting profession which has experienced, through the rapidly growing use of online interpreting platforms, the greatest leap since the introduction of simultaneous interpreting. All this can only be achieved in close cooperation with all the related stakeholders: professional associations, long-standing external trainers and state authorities.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.97-114
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Didacticism and morality in Joaquina García Balmaseda’s
translations (1837–1911)
- Authors: María Luisa Pérez-Bernardo
  Pages: 115 - 135
  Abstract: Joaquina García Balmaseda (1837–1911) is a writer who is well known for her contributions to 19th century literature and journalism. Balmaseda was an intellectual who manifested, from a young age, a double artistic vocation: literature and translation. She initiated herself into the literary world through local magazines and also through her translations. While there are many references to Balmaseda’s literary production, especially her contributions to women’s magazines, her work as a translator has not been thoroughly studied. The immense number of Balmaseda’s renderings shows not only that translation had a great impact on her work, but also that she popularized many important writers of her time (George Sand, Paul Féval, Alexandre Dumas, Wilkie Collins, Charles Dickens, and Mary Elizabeth Braddon, among others). García Balmaseda exercised a very important role as a translator in La Correspondencia de España (1860–1925), a magazine with which she frequently collaborated. The immediacy of the works’ translations stands out, as well as the difficulty that resulted from transferring and shortening long works to accommodate them to the press. In these translations, García Balmaseda included her ideological convictions that revealed longstanding traditional views. By omitting passages and modifying the plot of her translations, Balmaseda accommodated these novels and short stories to the “edifying literature” so typical of the age of Isabella II. In most cases, the deletions or changes affect political, moral, and religious issues, as well as expressions contrary to tradition, marriage, family, and national values.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.115-135
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Ethical aspects of telephone interpreting protocols
- Authors: Raquel Lázaro-Gutiérrez, Emilia Iglesias-Fernández, Gabriel Cabrera-Méndez
  Pages: 137 - 156
  Abstract: The modality of telephone interpreting is becoming increasingly important in Spain’s public services due to the numerous advantages it offers. Fernández Pérez (2012) established a classification of the particular skills that telephone interpreters must acquire based on their two main functions: the speech coordination function and the translation function. In addition to these skills, it is essential that telephone interpreters have a thorough knowledge of and scrupulously follow the protocols that are designed and developed for the different telephone interpreting clients, such as those used for emergency lines. The object of study of this contribution is precisely these protocols. Our starting point is the specifications to be made regarding the interpreters’ performance, which often diverge from or even contradict the most common ethical principles, such as accuracy or neutrality. This study consists of a thorough analysis of the protocols used in the company Dualia Teletraducciones and a critical reflection from an ethical perspective on the adjustments suggested in them regarding the traditional role of the interpreter.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.137-156
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Literary translation as a social and cultural commitment
- Authors: Karolína Strnadová
  Pages: 157 - 173
  Abstract: The aim of the article is to interpret the role of the translator in the genesis of translations of Czech literature published in Mexico. To date, thirteen titles of Czech literature have been published in Mexico, most of them thanks to the initiative of the individual translator. Applying the principles of translation archeology and based on the analysis of paratexts and interviews with contemporary translators, I explain the motive and purpose of these translations. Using different perspectives of sociological translation research, I focus on the role of the translator as a mediator between two cultures, who (un)intentionally assumes responsibility for the socio-cultural mediation between the source culture and the target culture. The sociological study of the creation of translations of Czech literature in Mexico allows us to reflect on the social and cultural responsibility of translators who are often initiators and directors of translation projects and mediators of literary and cultural communication between the Czech Republic and Mexico.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.157-173
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Language barrier and secondary victimization
- Authors: Carmen Toledano-Buendía
  Pages: 175 - 191
  Abstract: The provision of language assistance to foreign populations who have limited knowledge of, or do not speak, the language of their host country should be acknowledged as a fundamental right, for it grants full enjoyment of all other rights - and the fulfilment of obligations - on an equal footing to native speakers. Consequently, it might be argued that the provision of such assistance should be seen as an ethical responsibility of governments. There are situations in which the absence of language assistance not only leads to discrimination and hinders the provision of basic services (i.e. legal services or healthcare), but, furthermore, it may also cause the secondary victimisation of at-risk groups; as exemplified by the case of foreign women who are victims of gender-based violence. This paper attempts to show how the (lack) of an adequate institutional response to the language assistance needs of this group in Spain can lead to situations that cause the secondary victimization of women. Three such instances have been identified using testimonies sourced from different studies that belong to immigrant women who were victims and survivors of gender-based violence; thus, under analysis is secondary victimisation as a consequence of victims lacking information, victims having to communicate in a language they do not master, and how they are treated by interpreters and stakeholders.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.175-191
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
“Non querades seguir esta carrera que es (de) ufana et llena de
vanidat”
- Authors: Andrzej Zieliński
  Pages: 193 - 209
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to delve into the origin and the discursive trajectory of the deontic modal value expressed by the Spanish verbal periphrasis querer ‘to want’ + infinitive. Although it is documented for the first time in Castilian texts of the thirteenth century, its late use – in comparison with other modal and temporal meanings that the verbal construction acquired – seems to draw from Latin sources in which NOLI / NOLITE (< NON VOLO ‘I do not want’) was used with a moralizing sense. Thus, by means of an analysis based on data extracted from CORDE, the author tries to elucidate (i) what is its evolutionary path and (ii) which discursive contexts favour the semantic change motivated by the interference of the Latin model. The hypothesis that the author aims to demonstrate is that the emergence of the new deontic value, emanating from the medieval construction querer ‘to want’ + infinitive, arises from the mechanism of semantic calque used by authors influenced by Latin texts. Therefore, the contact-induced grammaticalization of the construction non quieras / non querades + infinitive derives from the original meaning of ‘intention’, arising from the construction querer ‘to want’ + infinitive, where the strong disposition of the agentive subject to achieve the dynamic activity takes over, in the eyes of the speaker, the performative content. The effect is that such an intervention appeals to the will of the agentive subject in order to keep them from carrying out the action that was originally intended to be performed.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.193-209
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Andrzej Zieliński (ed.) (2021). Las fórmulas de saludo y de despedida en
las lenguas románicas. Sincronía, diacronía y aplicación a la
enseñanza
- Authors: Jasmina Markič
  Pages: 213 - 217
  Abstract: La monografía colectiva Las fórmulas de saludo y de despedida en las lenguas románicas. Sincronía, diacronía y aplicación a la enseñanza, editada por Andrzej Zieliński, profesor de la Universidad Jaguelónica de Cracovia (Polonia), ofrece novedosas aportaciones sobre las fórmulas de saludo y de despedida en diferentes lenguas románicas. Los dieciséis capítulos que componen este libro se organizan en siete secciones y están escritos en la lengua románica sobre la que se aborda el tema correspondiente (el italiano, el francés y el español). La excepción son los capítulos dedicados al rumano y al latín, escritos en inglés, y el capítulo dedicado al friulano que está escrito en francés. La mayoría de los autores son investigadores y profesores de la Universidad de Cracovia pero también contribuyeron a este volumen autores de otros centros universitarios y científicos de Polonia y otros países.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.213-217
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Francisco Tomsich, Barbara Pregelj (eds.) (2020). Bivališča Branislave
Sušnik: dokumenti, besedila, podobe, pričevanja. Moradas de Branislava
Susnik: documentos, textos, imágenes, testimonios
- Authors: Jasmina Markič
  Pages: 219 - 221
  Abstract: El libro monográfico Bivališča Branislave Sušnik/Moradas de Branislava Susnik se publicó en 2020 para conmemorar el centenario del nacimiento de Branislava Sušnik (Medvode, Eslovenia, 1920 – Asunción, Paraguay, 1996), antropóloga, arqueóloga, lingüista eslovena que vivió y trabajó en el Paraguay. La publicación bilingüe en esloveno y en español a cargo de Barbara Pregelj y Francisco Tomsich, que son también autores de algunos capítulos del libro, es fruto de un proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo entre 2019 y 2020 sobre la doble identidad, la doble pertenencia y la doble importancia de la obra de Sušnik en los ámbitos culturales de Eslovenia y del Paraguay, tal como se especifica en la introducción. Las cuatro partes de las que se compone la obra reúnen documentos, textos, fotografías, contribuciones, ensayos, testimonios de autores eslovenos y extranjeros. Los capítulos presentados reflejan diferentes aspectos de la vida de la científica y de su trayectoria profesional.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.219-221
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Manel Lacorte, Agustín Reyes Torres (2021). Didáctica del español como
2/L en el siglo XXI
- Authors: Marjana Šifrar Kalan
  Pages: 223 - 229
  Abstract: El Instituto Cervantes viene publicando este libro de referencia sobre el español desde hace 22 años, pero en sus primeros informes, a partir del año 1998, la demolingüística todavía no incluía el número de los alumnos. Los datos que demuestran el crecimiento de la presencia del español en el mundo entero son indudablemente impresionantes y lo es también el crecimiento de las publicaciones dedicadas al campo del español como lengua extranjera y segunda lengua que trata de seguir esta evolución. Didáctica del español como 2/L en el siglo XXI, el reciente manual de formación de profesores de español como 2/L viene a cubrir y actualizar el desarrollo en este campo. Los autores, Manel Lacorte y Agustín Reyes-Torres, transcienden con este monográfico su conocimiento y experiencia adquiridos a lo largo de casi treinta años de su carrera como profesores e investigadores de 2/L.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.223-229
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)
Martin McLaughlin, Javier Muñoz-Basols (eds.) (2021). Ideology,
Censorship and Translation
- Authors: Jasmina Markič
  Pages: 231 - 235
  Abstract: La obra Ideology, Censorship and Translation (Ideología, censura y traducción) editada por Martin McLaughlin y Javier Muñoz-Basols, profesores e investigadores de la Universidad de Oxford (Reino Unido), publicada en inglés en la prestigiosa editorial Routledge, es un volumen compuesto de ocho capítulos escritos por diferentes autores y una introducción de los editores. Los capítulos están organizados cronológicamente y analizan diferentes temas y géneros (textos científicos, industria editorial, propaganda, traducciones de obras literarias, teatro, cine, estudios culturales, ensayos filosóficos y críticos, historia de las ideas, teoría de la traducción y relaciones de poder). La temática del volumen versa sobre cuestiones siempre actuales referentes a la ideología y la censura e invita al lector a reflexionar sobre el papel de la traducción a lo largo de la historia y en la actualidad como también sobre las repercusiones éticas y el involucramiento ideológico del traductor en diferentes épocas y contextos. Este volumen especial es un libro importante no solo para los expertos en el tema, los teóricos de la traducción y los traductores, sino también para el público general que de esta manera obtiene un conocimiento sobre la importancia y las repercusiones en la sociedad de la traducción tanto en su aspecto práctico como en el teórico y de su papel crucial en la vida del ser humano y de la sociedad global en general.
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.4312/vh.29.1.231-235
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2021)