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Abstract: With a few exceptions, early Greek aēr has not prompted a great deal of scholarly interest. The most prominent of these exceptions concerns scholarship on Anaximenes, the 6th-century Milesian thinker whom testimonia report as having placed aēr at the heart of his physical and cosmological theories; understandably, scholars of the Presocratics have attempted to pin down more precisely just what Anaximenes meant when he used the word.1 Homerists have found fewer occasions to discuss aēr, and when they have, this has almost always taken the form of remarks in commentary entries or as a sidenote to other topics.2 Moreover, many of these discussions often lump aēr together with other apparently similar terms ... Read More PubDate: 2023-09-23T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Twelve years ago Amy Richlin pointed out that the phrase tirocinium fori is unexampled in classical usage, having been coined by W. A. Becker only in 1838. But she accepted the existence of a Roman apprenticeship system in which older elite males trained younger men for oratory and other activities in the Forum, and she went on to explore military and erotic overtones in the relationships involved.1 In this paper, I want to reinforce the case for abandoning the term tirocinium fori. But I will argue also that the influence of ideas tied up with it has distorted our perception of the way young Romans negotiated the transition from the end of conventional schooling in rhetoric to an actual career in oratory. I am ... Read More PubDate: 2023-09-23T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Horace's sixth Roman Ode opens with the startling declaration, "You will pay for your ancestors' sins, Roman, though you are innocent"1 unless Romans repair the temples, which have long been decaying, and the cult images, filthy and neglected. As the result of this religious neglect, the gods have brought civil war to Italy; as the unexpected source of this calamity (hoc fonte derivata clades, Odes 3.6.19), Horace singles out sexual immorality. In the ode's final stanza Horace envisions a continuous decline from one degenerate generation to the next, with no end in sight.It may be fair to say that this poem is no one's favorite Horatian ode. Two recently published, stimulating, and largely admiring assessments of ... Read More PubDate: 2023-09-23T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Seneca's De Constantia Sapientis is a disputatio1 on the topic of firmitas (animi) or, as the ancient Stoics would phrase it, on the crucial principle that "the wise man cannot be wronged" ().2 The dialogue, in which Seneca engages with Serenus (both the dedicatee and the persona ficta), hinges on the argument that the sapiens must not be affected by either iniuria or contumelia. In fact, the dialogue's structure falls into two main sections: the first one, down to Const. 10.1, concerns iniuria, while the second tackles contumelia and completes the work.3 The distinction between iniuria and contumelia is both terminological and substantial,4 and bears both legal and philosophical significance.Iniuria stands out as ... Read More PubDate: 2023-09-23T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: As Greece prepares for an unprecedented Trojan War (Ach. 1.441–66), a Greek embassy arrives on Scyros to fetch Achilles, the final piece of the epic puzzle (Ach. 1.689–725). Ulysses and Diomedes are welcomed by the elderly king Lycomedes, whose daughters, and the faux puella among them, at the beginning of a banquet are compared to Amazons returning from a hunt (Ach. 1.758–60). Achilles gazes in rapt attention at the new heroes before him: the climactic end of the cross-dressing at the heart of the Achilleid is nearing.This article focuses its attention on the scene's pervasive Amazonian imagery, considering closely its literary precedents and its implications for the poem's narrative. I elicit in full its highly ... Read More PubDate: 2023-09-23T00:00:00-05:00
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