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 Showing 1 - 82 of 82 Journals sorted alphabetically Advances in Applied Mathematics       (Followers: 12) Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics       (Followers: 7) Advances in Applied Mechanics       (Followers: 15) AKCE International Journal of Graphs and Combinatorics American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics       (Followers: 10) American Journal of Applied Sciences       (Followers: 22) American Journal of Modeling and Optimization       (Followers: 2) Annals of Actuarial Science       (Followers: 2) Applied Mathematical Modelling       (Followers: 23) Applied Mathematics and Computation       (Followers: 31) Applied Mathematics and Mechanics       (Followers: 4) Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences       (Followers: 1) Applied Mathematics and Physics       (Followers: 3) Biometrical Letters British Actuarial Journal       (Followers: 2) Bulletin of Mathematical Sciences and Applications Communication in Biomathematical Sciences       (Followers: 2) Communications in Applied and Industrial Mathematics       (Followers: 1) Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation       (Followers: 1) Differential Geometry and its Applications       (Followers: 4) Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science Discrete Applied Mathematics       (Followers: 10) Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi e-Journal of Analysis and Applied Mathematics Engineering Mathematics Letters       (Followers: 1) European Actuarial Journal Foundations and Trends® in Optimization       (Followers: 2) Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics       (Followers: 1) Fundamental Journal of Mathematics and Applications International Journal of Advances in Applied Mathematics and Modeling       (Followers: 1) International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics       (Followers: 3) International Journal of Computer Mathematics : Computer Systems Theory International Journal of Data Mining, Modelling and Management       (Followers: 10) International Journal of Engineering Mathematics       (Followers: 4) International Journal of Fuzzy Systems International Journal of Swarm Intelligence       (Followers: 2) International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics       (Followers: 13) International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems       (Followers: 3) Journal of Advanced Mathematics and Applications       (Followers: 1) Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science Journal of Applied & Computational Mathematics Journal of Applied Intelligent System Journal of Applied Mathematics & Bioinformatics       (Followers: 6) Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics       (Followers: 9) Journal of Computational Geometry       (Followers: 3) Journal of Innovative Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences       (Followers: 11) Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Applications       (Followers: 2) Journal of Mathematics and Music: Mathematical and Computational Approaches to Music Theory, Analysis, Composition and Performance       (Followers: 12) Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies Journal of Physical Mathematics       (Followers: 2) Journal of Symbolic Logic       (Followers: 2) Letters in Biomathematics       (Followers: 1) Mathematical and Computational Applications       (Followers: 3) Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations       (Followers: 3) Mathematics and Computers in Simulation       (Followers: 3) Modeling Earth Systems and Environment       (Followers: 1) Moscow University Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics Multiscale Modeling and Simulation       (Followers: 2) Pacific Journal of Mathematics for Industry Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics       (Followers: 2) Ratio Mathematica Results in Applied Mathematics       (Followers: 1) Scandinavian Actuarial Journal       (Followers: 2) SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems       (Followers: 3) SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics       (Followers: 11) SIAM Journal on Computing       (Followers: 11) SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization       (Followers: 18) SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics       (Followers: 8) SIAM Journal on Financial Mathematics       (Followers: 3) SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences       (Followers: 7) SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis       (Followers: 4) SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications       (Followers: 3) SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis       (Followers: 7) SIAM Journal on Optimization       (Followers: 12) SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing       (Followers: 16) SIAM Review       (Followers: 9) SIAM/ASA Journal on Uncertainty Quantification       (Followers: 2) Swarm Intelligence       (Followers: 3) Theory of Probability and its Applications       (Followers: 2) Uniform Distribution Theory Universal Journal of Applied Mathematics       (Followers: 1) Universal Journal of Computational Mathematics       (Followers: 3)
Similar Journals
 SIAM Journal on Discrete MathematicsJournal Prestige (SJR): 0.863 Citation Impact (citeScore): 1Number of Followers: 8      Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 0895-4801 - ISSN (Online) 1095-7146 Published by Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics  [17 journals]
• Minimal Ramsey Graphs with Many Vertices of Small Degree

Authors: Simona Boyadzhiyska, Dennis Clemens, Pranshu Gupta
Pages: 1503 - 1528
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1503-1528, September 2022.
Given any graph $H$, a graph $G$ is said to be $q$-Ramsey for $H$ if every coloring of the edges of $G$ with $q$ colors yields a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to $H$. Such a graph $G$ is said to be minimal $q$-Ramsey for $H$ if additionally no proper subgraph $G'$ of $G$ is $q$-Ramsey for $H$. In 1976, Burr, Erdös, and Lovász initiated the study of the parameter $s_q(H)$, defined as the smallest minimum degree among all minimal $q$-Ramsey graphs for $H$. In this paper, we consider the problem of determining how many vertices of degree $s_q(H)$ a minimal $q$-Ramsey graph for $H$ can contain. Specifically, we seek to identify graphs for which a minimal $q$-Ramsey graph can contain arbitrarily many such vertices. We call a graph satisfying this property $s_q$-abundant. Among other results, we prove that every cycle is $s_q$-abundant for any integer $q\geq 2$. We also discuss the cases when $H$ is a clique or a clique with a pendant edge, extending previous results of Burr and co-authors and Fox and co-authors. To prove our results and construct suitable minimal Ramsey graphs, we use gadget graphs, which we call pattern gadgets and which generalize earlier constructions used in the study of minimal Ramsey graphs. We provide a new, more constructive proof of the existence of these gadgets.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-05T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/21M1393273
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• Lossless Prioritized Embeddings

Authors: Michael Elkin, Ofer Neiman
Pages: 1529 - 1550
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1529-1550, September 2022.
Given metric spaces $(X,d)$ and $(Y,\rho)$ and an ordering $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n$ of $(X,d)$, an embedding $f: X \rightarrow Y$ is said to have a prioritized distortion $\alpha(\cdot)$, for a function $\alpha(\cdot)$, if for any pair $x_j,x'$ of distinct points in $X$, the distortion provided by $f$ for this pair is at most $\alpha(j)$. If $Y$ is a normed space, the embedding is said to have prioritized dimension $\beta(\cdot)$ if $f(x_j)$ may have at most $\beta(j)$ nonzero coordinates. The notion of prioritized embedding was introduced by Filtser and the current authors in [M. Elkin, A. Filtser, and O. Neiman, SIAM J. Comput., 47 (2018), pp. 829--858], where a rather general methodology for constructing such embeddings was developed. Though this methodology enabled [M. Elkin, A. Filtser, and O. Neiman, SIAM J. Comput., 47 (2018), pp. 829--858] to come up with many prioritized embeddings, it typically incurs some loss in the distortion. In other words, in the worst case, prioritized embeddings obtained via this methodology incur distortion which is at least a constant factor off compared to the distortion of the classical counterparts of these embeddings. This constant loss is problematic for isometric embeddings. It is also troublesome for Matoušek's embedding of general metrics into $\ell_\infty$, which, for a parameter $k = 1,2,\ldots$, provides distortion $2k-1$ and dimension $O(k \log n \cdot n^{1/k})$. All logarithms in this paper are base 2. In this paper we devise two lossless prioritized embeddings. The first one is an isometric prioritized embedding of tree metrics into $\ell_\infty$ with dimension $O(\log j)$, matching the worst-case guarantee of $O(\log n)$ of the classical embedding of [N. Linial, E. London, and Y. Rabinovich, Combinatorica, 15 (1995), pp. 215--245]. The second one is a prioritized Matoušek embedding of general metrics into $\ell_\infty$, which, for a parameter $k=1,2,\ldots$, provides prioritized distortion $2 \lceil k {{\log j} \over {\log n}} \rceil - 1$ and dimension $O(k \log n \cdot n^{1/k})$, again matching the worst-case guarantee $2k-1$ in the distortion of the classical Matoušek embedding. We also provide a dimension-prioritized variant of Matoušek's embedding. Finally, we devise prioritized embeddings of general metrics into a single ultrametric and of general graphs into a single spanning tree, with asymptotically optimal distortion.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-05T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/21M1436221
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• Self-Dual Maps I: Antipodality

Authors: Luis Montejano, Jorge L. Ramírez Alfonsín, Ivan Rasskin
Pages: 1551 - 1566
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1551-1566, September 2022.
A self-dual map $G$ is said to be antipodally self-dual if the dual map $G^*$ is antipodal embedded in $\mathbb{S}^2$ with respect to $G$. In this paper, we investigate necessary and/or sufficient conditions for a map to be antipodally self-dual. In particular, we present a combinatorial characterization for map $G$ to be antipodally self-dual in terms of certain involutive labelings. The latter lead us to obtain necessary conditions for a map to be strongly involutive (a notion relevant for its connection with convex geometric problems). We also investigate the relation of antipodally self-dual maps and the notion of antipodally symmetric maps. It turns out that the latter is a very helpful tool to study questions concerning the symmetry as well as the amphicheirality of links.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-05T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/20M1367076
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• When Do Gomory--Hu Subtrees Exist'

Authors: Guyslain Naves, Bruce Shepherd
Pages: 1567 - 1585
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1567-1585, September 2022.
Gomory--Hu (GH) trees are a classical sparsification technique for graph connectivity. For an edge-capacitated undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ and subset $Z \subseteq V$ of terminals, a GH tree is an edge-capacitated tree $T=(Z,E(T))$ such that for every $u,v \in Z$, the value of the minimum capacity $uv$ cut in $G$ is the same as in $T$. It is well-known that there does not always exist a GH tree which is a subgraph (or minor if $Z \neq V$) of $G$. We characterize those graph-terminal pairs $(G,Z)$ which always admit such a tree. We show that these are the graphs which have no terminal-$K_{2,3}$ minor, that is, a $K_{2,3}$ minor whose nodes each corresponds to a terminal. We then show that the pairs $(G,Z)$ which forbid such $K_{2,3}$ terminal-minors arise, roughly speaking, from so-called Okamura--Seymour instances, planar graphs whose outside face contains all terminals. One consequence is a result on cut-sufficient pairs $(G,H)$, that is, multiflow instances where the cut condition is sufficient to guarantee a multiflow for any capacity/demand weights on $G/H$. Our results characterize the pairs $(G,Z)$ where $G$ is a graph, $Z \subseteq V(G)$, such that $(G,H)$ is cut-sufficient for any demand graph $H$ on $Z$.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-05T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/20M1356968
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• Posets and Spaces of $k$-Noncrossing RNA Structures

Authors: Vincent Moulton, Taoyang Wu
Pages: 1586 - 1611
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1586-1611, September 2022.
RNA molecules are single-stranded analogues of DNA that can fold into various structures which influence their biological function within the cell. RNA structures can be modeled combinatorially in terms of a certain type of graph called an RNA diagram. In this paper we introduce a new poset of RNA diagrams ${\mathcal B}^r_{f,k}$, $r\ge 0$, $k \ge 1$, and $f \ge 3$, which we call the Penner--Waterman poset, and, using results from the theory of multitriangulations, we show that this is a pure poset of rank $k(2f-2k+1)+r-f-1$, whose geometric realization is the join of a simplicial sphere of dimension $k(f-2k)-1$ and an $\left((f+1)(k-1)-1\right)$-simplex in case $r=0$. As a corollary for the special case $k=1$, we obtain a result due to Penner and Waterman concerning the topology of the space of RNA secondary structures. These results could eventually lead to new ways to study landscapes of RNA $k$-noncrossing structures.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-07T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/21M1413316
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• Spanning Trees at the Connectivity Threshold

Authors: Yahav Alon, Michael Krivelevich, Peleg Michaeli
Pages: 1612 - 1626
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1612-1626, September 2022.
We present an explicit connected spanning structure that appears in a random graph just above the connectivity threshold with high probability.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-11T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/20M1380521
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• The 9-Connected Excluded Minors for the Class of Quasi-graphic Matroids

Authors: Rong Chen
Pages: 1627 - 1644
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1627-1644, September 2022.
The class of quasi-graphic matroids, recently introduced by Geelen, Gerards, and Whittle, is minor closed and contains both the class of lifted-graphic matroids and the class of frame matroids, each of which generalizes the class of graphic matroids. In this paper, we prove that the matroids $U_{3,7}$ and $U_{4,7}$ are the only 9-connected excluded minors for the class of quasi-graphic matroids.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-13T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/21M142784X
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• Rainbow Perfect Matchings for 4-Uniform Hypergraphs

Authors: Hongliang Lu, Yan Wang, Xingxing Yu
Pages: 1645 - 1662
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1645-1662, September 2022.
Let $n$ be a sufficiently large integer with $n\equiv 0\pmod 4$, and let $F_i \subseteq{[n]\choose 4}$, where $i\in [n/4]$. We show that if each vertex of $F_i$ is contained in more than ${n-1\choose 3}-{3n/4\choose 3}$ edges, then $\{F_1, \ldots ,F_{n/4}\}$ admits a rainbow matching, i.e., a set of $n/4$ edges consisting of one edge from each $F_i$. This generalizes a deep result of Khan J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 116 (2016), pp. 333--366. on perfect matchings in 4-uniform hypergraphs.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-14T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/21M1442383
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• A General Framework for Hypergraph Coloring

Authors: Ian M. Wanless, David R. Wood
Pages: 1663 - 1677
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1663-1677, September 2022.
The Lovász Local Lemma is a powerful probabilistic technique for proving the existence of combinatorial objects. It is especially useful for coloring graphs and hypergraphs with bounded maximum degree. This paper presents a general theorem for coloring hypergraphs that in many instances matches or slightly improves upon the bounds obtained using the Lovász Local Lemma. Moreover, the theorem directly shows that there are exponentially many colorings. The elementary and self-contained proof is inspired by a recent result for nonrepetitive colorings by Rosenfeld [Electron. J. Combin., 27 (2020), P3.43]. We apply our general theorem in the settings of proper hypergraph coloring, proper graph coloring, independent transversals, star coloring, nonrepetitive coloring, frugal coloring, Ramsey number lower bounds, and $k$-SAT.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-14T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/21M1421015
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• Counterexamples to a Conjecture of Harris on Hall Ratio

Authors: Adam Blumenthal, Bernard Lidický, Ryan R. Martin, Sergey Norin, Florian Pfender, Jan Volec
Pages: 1678 - 1686
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1678-1686, September 2022.
The Hall ratio of a graph $G$ is the maximum value of $v(H) / \alpha(H)$ taken over all non-null subgraphs $H \subseteq G$. For any graph, the Hall ratio is a lower-bound on its fractional chromatic number. In this note, we present various constructions of graphs whose fractional chromatic number grows much faster than their Hall ratio. This refutes a conjecture of Harris.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-18T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/18M1229420
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• On the Cover Time of the Emerging Giant

Authors: Alan M. Frieze, Wesley Pegden, Tomasz Tkocz
Pages: 1687 - 1710
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1687-1710, September 2022.
Let $p=\frac{1+\varepsilon}{n}$. It is known that if $N=\varepsilon^3n\to\infty$, then with high probability (w.h.p.) $G_{n,p}$ has a unique giant largest component. We show that if in addition, $\varepsilon=\varepsilon(n)\to 0$, then w.h.p. the cover time of $G_{n,p}$ is asymptotic to $n\log^2N$; previously Barlow, Ding, Nachmias, and Peres had shown this up to constant multiplicative factors.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-21T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/21M1441468
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• The Structure of $I_4$-Free and Triangle-Free Binary Matroids

Authors: Peter Nelson, Kazuhiro Nomoto
Pages: 1711 - 1729
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1711-1729, September 2022.
A simple binary matroid is called $I_4$-free if none of its rank-4 flats are independent sets. These objects can be equivalently defined as the sets $E$ of points in $\mbox{PG}(n-1,2)$ for which $E \cap F$ is not a basis of $F$ for any four-dimensional flat $F$. We prove a decomposition theorem that exactly determines the structure of all $I_4$-free and triangle-free matroids. In particular, our theorem implies that the $I_4$-free and triangle-free matroids have critical number at most 2.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-21T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/20M1343099
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• A $\frac{4}{3}$-Approximation Algorithm for the Minimum 2-Edge Connected
Multisubgraph Problem in the Half-Integral Case

Authors: Sylvia Boyd, Joseph Cheriyan, Robert Cummings, Logan Grout, Sharat Ibrahimpur, Zoltán Szigeti, Lu Wang
Pages: 1730 - 1747
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1730-1747, September 2022.
Given a connected undirected graph $\overline{G}$ on $n$ vertices and nonnegative edge costs $c$, the $\ensuremath{{2ECM}}$ problem is that of finding a 2-edge connected spanning multisubgraph of $\overline{G}$ of minimum cost. The natural linear program (LP) for $\ensuremath{{2ECM}}$, which coincides with the subtour LP for the traveling salesman problem on the metric closure of $\overline{G}$, gives a lower bound on the optimal cost. For instances where this LP is optimized by a half-integral solution $x$, Carr and Ravi (1998) showed that the integrality gap is at most $\frac43$: they show that the vector $\frac43 x$ dominates a convex combination of incidence vectors of 2-edge connected spanning multisubgraphs of $\overline{G}$. We present a simpler proof of the result due to Carr and Ravi by applying an extension of Lovász's splitting-off theorem. Our proof naturally leads to a $\frac43$-approximation algorithm for half-integral instances. Given a half-integral solution $x$ to the LP for $\ensuremath{{2ECM}}$, we give an $O(n^2)$-time algorithm to obtain a 2-edge connected spanning multisubgraph of $\overline{G}$ with cost at most $\frac43 c^T x$. We also consider a related problem of finding a cheap 2-edge connected spanning subgraph of a 3-regular, 3-edge connected graph $G = (V,E)$ with arbitrary edge costs $c$. We give a polynomial-time Las Vegas algorithm that finds a random 2-edge connected spanning subgraph $H$ of $G$ whose expected cost, $\mathbb{E}\left[{c(H)}\right]$, is at most $\frac45 c(E)$.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-07-28T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/20M1372822
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022)

• On Discrete LOG-Brunn--Minkowski Type Inequalities

Authors: María A. Hernández Cifre, Eduardo Lucas
Pages: 1748 - 1760
Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1748-1760, September 2022.
The conjectured log-Brunn--Minkowski inequality says that the volume of centrally symmetric convex bodies $K,L\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ satisfies ${vol}\bigl((1-\lambda)\cdot K+_0\lambda\cdot L\bigr) \geq{vol}(K)^{1-\lambda}{vol}(L)^\lambda$, $\lambda\in(0,1)$, and is known to be true in the plane and for particular classes of symmetric convex bodies in $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this paper, we get some discrete log-Brunn--Minkowski type inequalities for the lattice point enumerator. Among others, we show that if $K,L\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ are unconditional convex bodies and $\lambda\in(0,1)$, then ${G}_n((1-\lambda)\cdot(K+C_n)+_0\lambda\cdot(L+C_n)+(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})^n) \geq{G}_n(K)^{1-\lambda}{G}_n(L)^\lambda,$ where $C_n=[-1/2,1/2]^n$. Neither $C_n$ nor $(-1/2,1/2)^n$ can be removed. Furthermore, it implies the (volume) log-Brunn--Minkowski inequality for unconditional convex bodies. The corresponding results in the $L_p$ setting for $0 Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-07-28T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1451725 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022) • Grundy Distinguishes Treewidth from Pathwidth • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Rémy Belmonte, Eun Jung Kim, Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, Yota Otachi Pages: 1761 - 1787 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1761-1787, September 2022. Structural graph parameters, such as treewidth, pathwidth, and clique-width, are a central topic of study in parameterized complexity. A main aim of research in this area is to understand the “price of generality” of these widths: as we transition from more restrictive to more general notions, which are the problems that see their complexity status deteriorate from fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) to intractable' This type of question is by now very well studied, but somewhat strikingly, the algorithmic frontier between the two (arguably) most central width notions, treewidth and pathwidth, is still not understood: currently, no natural graph problem is known to be W-hard for one but FPT for the other. Indeed, a surprising development of the last few years has been the observation that, for many of the most paradigmatic problems, their complexities for the two parameters actually coincide exactly, despite the fact that treewidth is a much more general parameter. It would thus appear that the extra generality of treewidth over pathwidth often comes “for free.” Our main contribution in this paper is to uncover the first natural example where this generality comes with a high price. We consider Grundy Coloring, a variation of coloring where one seeks to calculate the worst possible coloring that could be assigned to a graph by a greedy first-fit algorithm. We show that this well-studied problem is FPT parameterized by pathwidth; however, it becomes significantly harder (W[1]-hard) when parameterized by treewidth. Furthermore, we show that Grundy Coloring makes a second complexity jump for more general widths, as it becomes para-NP--hard for clique-width. Hence, Grundy Coloring nicely captures the complexity trade-offs between the three most well-studied parameters. Completing the picture, we show that Grundy Coloring is FPT parameterized by modular-width. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-07-28T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1385779 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022) • EMSO(FO$^2$) 0-1 Law Fails for All Dense Random Graphs • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Margarita Akhmejanova, Maksim Zhukovskii Pages: 1788 - 1799 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1788-1799, September 2022. In this paper, we disprove EMSO(FO$^2$) convergence law for the binomial random graph$G(n,p)$for any constant probability$p$. More specifically, we prove that there exists an existential monadic second order sentence with 2 first order variables such that, for every$p\in(0,1)$, the probability that it is true on$G(n,p)$does not converge. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-08-02T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1429655 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022) • Ideal Membership Problem over 3-Element CSPs with Dual Discriminator Polymorphism • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Arpitha P. Bharathi, Monaldo Mastrolilli Pages: 1800 - 1822 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1800-1822, September 2022. In this paper we examine polynomial ideals that are the vanishing ideals of solution sets of combinatorial problems encoded by constraint satisfaction problems over a finite language. We consider a 3-element domain and the dual discriminator polymorphism (constraints under this polymorphism are a generalization of the 2-satisfiability problem). Assuming the graded lexicographic ordering of monomials, we show that the reduced Gröbner basis of ideals whose varieties are closed under this polymorphism can be computed in polynomial time. This proves polynomial time solvability of the ideal membership problem (IMP) with restrictions on degree$d=O(1)$, which we call IMP$_d$, for these constrained problems. It is a first step toward the challenging long-term goal of identifying when IMP$_d$is polynomial time solvable for a finite domain. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-08-02T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1397131 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022) • Nontrivial t-Intersecting Families for Vector Spaces • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Mengyu Cao, Benjian Lv, Kaishun Wang, Sanming Zhou Pages: 1823 - 1847 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1823-1847, September 2022. Let$V$be an$n$-dimensional vector space over a finite field$\mathbb{F}_q$. In this paper we describe the structure of maximal nontrivial$t$-intersecting families of$k$-dimensional subspaces of$V$with large size. We also determine the nontrivial$t$-intersecting families with maximum size. In the special case when$t=1$our result gives rise to the well-known Hilton--Milner theorem for vector spaces. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-08-04T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1357421 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022) • On Multicolor Ramsey Numbers and Subset Coloring of Hypergraphs • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Bruno Jartoux, Chaya Keller, Shakhar Smorodinsky, Yelena Yuditsky Pages: 1848 - 1860 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 1848-1860, January 2022. For$n\geq s> r\geq 1$and$k\geq 2$, write$n \rightarrow (s)_{k}^r$if every hyperedge coloring with$k$colors of the complete$r$-uniform hypergraph on$n$vertices has a monochromatic subset of size$s$. Improving upon previous results by M. Axenovich, A. Gyárfás, H. Liu, and D. Mubayi [Discrete Math., 322 (2014), pp. 69--77] and P. Erdös, A. Hajnal, A. Máté, and R. Rado, [Combinatorial set theory: Partition Relations for Cardinals, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984] we show that$if r \geq 3 and n \nrightarrow (s)_k^r, then 2^n \nrightarrow (s+1)_{k+3}^{r+1}.$This improves some of the known lower bounds on multicolor hypergraph Ramsey numbers. Given a hypergraph$H=(V,E)$, we consider the Ramsey-like problem of coloring all$r$-subsets of$V$such that no hyperedge of size$\geq r+1$is monochromatic. We provide upper and lower bounds on the number of colors necessary in terms of the chromatic number$\chi(H)$. In particular we show that this number is$O(\log^{(r-1)} (r \chi(H)) + r)$, where$\log^{y}$is the$\log$function applied$y$times. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-08-11T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1462003 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 3 (2022) • An Improved Upper Bound for the Ring Loading Problem • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Karl Däubel Pages: 867 - 887 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 867-887, June 2022. The ring loading problem emerged in the 1990s to model an important special case of telecommunication networks (synchronous optical network rings) which gained attention from practitioners and theorists alike. Given an undirected cycle on$n$nodes together with nonnegative demands between any pair of nodes, the ring loading problem asks for an unsplittable routing of the demands such that the maximum cumulated demand on any edge is minimized. Let$L$be the value of such a solution. In the relaxed version of the problem, each demand can be split into two parts where the first part is routed clockwise while the second part is routed counterclockwise. Denote with$L^*$the maximum load of a minimum split routing solution. In a landmark paper, Schrijver, Seymour, and Winkler [SIAM J. Discrete Math., 11 (1998), pp. 1--14] showed that$L \leq L^* + \frac{3}{2}D$, where$D$is the maximum demand value. They also found (implicitly) an instance of the ring loading problem with$L = L^* + \frac{101}{100}D$. Recently, Skutella [SIAM J. Discrete Math., 30 (2016), pp. 327--342] improved these bounds by showing that$L \leq L^* + \frac{19}{14}D$, and there exists an instance with$L = L^* + \frac{11}{10}D$. We contribute to this line of research by showing that$L \leq L^* + \frac{13}{10}D$. We also take a first step toward lower and upper bounds for small instances. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-07T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1319395 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • The Multivariate Schwartz--Zippel Lemma • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: M. Levent Doğan, Alperen A. Ergür, Jake D. Mundo, Elias Tsigaridas Pages: 888 - 910 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 888-910, June 2022. Motivated by applications in combinatorial geometry, we consider the following question: Let$\lambda=(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\ldots,\lambda_m)$be an$m$-partition of a positive integer$n$,$S_i \subseteq \mathbb{C}^{\lambda_i}$be finite sets, and let$S:=S_1 \times S_2 \times \cdots \times S_m \subset \mathbb{C}^n$be the multigrid defined by$S_i$. Suppose$p$is an$n$-variate degree$d$polynomial. How many zeros does$p$have on$S$' We first develop a multivariate generalization of the combinatorial nullstellensatz that certifies existence of a point$t \in S$so that$p(t) \neq 0$. Then we show that a natural multivariate generalization of the DeMillo--Lipton--Schwartz--Zippel lemma holds, except for a special family of polynomials that we call$\lambda$-reducible. This yields a simultaneous generalization of the Szemerédi--Trotter theorem and the Schwartz--Zippel lemma into higher dimensions, and has applications in incidence geometry. Finally, we develop a symbolic algorithm that identifies certain$\lambda$-reducible polynomials. More precisely, our symbolic algorithm detects polynomials that include a Cartesian product of hypersurfaces in their zero set. It is likely that using Chow forms the algorithm can be generalized to handle arbitrary$\lambda$-reducible polynomials, which we leave as an open problem. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-07T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1333869 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • A Fixed-Parameter Tractable Algorithm for Elimination Distance to Bounded Degree Graphs • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Akanksha Agrawal, Lawqueen Kanesh, Fahad Panolan, M. S. Ramanujan, Saket Saurabh Pages: 911 - 921 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 911-921, June 2022. In the literature on parameterized graph problems, there has been an increased effort in recent years aimed at exploring novel notions of graph edit-distance that are more powerful than the size of a modulator to a specific graph class. In this line of research, Bulian and Dawar [Algorithmica, 75 (2016), pp. 363--382] introduced the notion of elimination distance and showed that deciding whether a given graph has elimination distance at most$k$to any minor-closed class of graphs is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by$k$[Algorithmica, 79 (2017), pp. 139--158]. They showed that graph isomorphism parameterized by the elimination distance to bounded degree graphs is fixed-parameter tractable and asked whether determining the elimination distance to the class of bounded degree graphs is fixed-parameter tractable. Recently, Lindermayr, Siebertz, and Vigny [MFCS 2020, LIPIcs Leibniz Int. Proc. Inform. 170, Wadern Germany, 2020, 65] obtained a fixed-parameter algorithm for this problem in the special case where the input is restricted to$K_5$-minor free graphs. In this paper, we answer the question of Bulian and Dawar in the affirmative for general graphs. In fact, we give a more general result capturing elimination distance to any graph class characterized by a finite set of graphs as forbidden induced subgraphs. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-07T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1396824 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Constant Congestion Brambles in Directed Graphs • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Tomáš Masařík, Marcin Pilipczuk, Paweł Rzaͅżewski, Manuel Sorge Pages: 922 - 938 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 922-938, June 2022. The Directed Grid Theorem, stating that there is a function$f$such that a directed graph of directed treewidth at least$f(k)$contains a directed grid of size at least$k$as a butterfly minor, after being a conjecture for nearly 20 years, was proved in 2015 by Kawarabayashi and Kreutzer. However, the function$f$obtained in the proof is very fast growing. In this work, we show that if one relaxes directed grid to bramble of constant congestion, one can obtain a polynomial bound. More precisely, we show that for every$k \geq 1$there exists$t = \mathcal{O}(k^{48} \log^{13} k)$such that every directed graph of directed treewidth at least$t$contains a bramble of congestion at most 8 and size at least$k$. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-07T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1417661 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Maximizing Line Subgraphs of Diameter at Most t • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Stijn Cambie, Wouter Cames van Batenburg, Rémi de Joannis de Verclos, Ross J. Kang Pages: 939 - 950 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 939-950, June 2022. We wish to bring attention to a natural but slightly hidden problem, posed by Erdös and Nešetřil in the late 1980s, an edge version of the degree--diameter problem. Our main result is that, for any graph of maximum degree$\Delta$with more than$1.5 \Delta^t$edges, its line graph must have diameter larger than$t$. In the case where the graph contains no cycle of length$2t+1$, we can improve the bound on the number of edges to one that is exact for$t\in\{1,2,3,4,6\}$. In the case$\Delta=3$and$t=3$, we obtain an exact bound. Our results also have implications for the related problem of bounding the distance-$t$chromatic index,$t>2$; in particular, for this, we obtain an upper bound of$1.941\Delta^t$for graphs of large enough maximum degree$\Delta$, markedly improving on earlier bounds for this parameter. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-11T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1437354 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • A Quantitative Helly-Type Theorem: Containment in a Homothet • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Grigory Ivanov, Márton Naszódi Pages: 951 - 957 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 951-957, June 2022. We introduce a new variant of quantitative Helly-type theorems: the minimal homothetic distance of the intersection of a family of convex sets to the intersection of a subfamily of a fixed size. As an application, we establish the following quantitative Helly-type result for the diameter. If$K$is the intersection of finitely many convex bodies in$\mathbb{R}^d$, then one can select$2d$of these bodies whose intersection is of diameter at most$(2d)^3{diam}(K)$. The best previously known estimate, due to Brazitikos [Bull. Hellenic Math. Soc., 62 (2018), pp. 19--25], is$c d^{11/2}$. Moreover, we confirm that the multiplicative factor$c d^{1/2}$conjectured by Bárány, Katchalski, and Pach [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 86 (1982), pp. 109--114] cannot be improved. The bounds above follow from our key result that concerns sparse approximation of a convex polytope by the convex hull of a well-chosen subset of its vertices: Assume that$Q \subset {\mathbb R}^d$is a polytope whose centroid is the origin. Then there exist at most 2d vertices of$Q$whose convex hull$Q^{\prime \prime}$satisfies$Q \subset - 8d^3 Q^{\prime \prime}.$Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-11T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1403308 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Counting and Cutting Rich Lenses in Arrangements of Circles • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Esther Ezra, Orit E. Raz, Micha Sharir, Joshua Zahl Pages: 958 - 974 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 958-974, June 2022. We show that the maximum number of pairwise nonoverlapping$k$-rich lenses (lenses formed by at least$k$circles) in an arrangement of$n$circles in the plane is$O(n^{3/2}\log(n / k^3)/k^{5/2} + n/k)$, and the sum of the degrees of the lenses of such a family (where the degree of a lens is the number of circles that form it) is$O(n^{3/2}\log(n/k^3)/k^{3/2} + n)$. Two independent proofs of these bounds are given, each interesting in its own right (so we believe). The second proof gives a bound that is weaker by a polylogarithmic factor. We then show that these bounds lead to the known bound of Agarwal et al. [J. ACM, 51 (2004), pp. 139--186] and Marcus and Tardos [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A, 113 (2006), pp. 675--691] on the number of point-circle incidences in the plane. Extensions to families of more general algebraic curves and some other related problems are also considered. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-11T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1409305 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Invariant Chains in Algebra and Discrete Geometry • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Thomas Kahle, Dinh Van Le, Tim Römer Pages: 975 - 999 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 975-999, June 2022. We relate finite generation of cones, monoids, and ideals in increasing chains (the local situation) to equivariant finite generation of the corresponding limit objects (the global situation). For cones and monoids, there is no analog of Noetherianity as in the case of ideals, and we demonstrate this in examples. As a remedy we find local-global correspondences for finite generation. These results are derived from a more general framework that relates finite generation under closure operations to equivariant finite generation under general families of maps. We also give a new proof that nonsaturated Inc-invariant chains of ideals stabilize, closing a gap in the literature. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-14T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1385652 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Spectral Radius on Linear$r$-Graphs without Expanded$K_{r+1}$• Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Guorong Gao, An Chang, Yuan Hou Pages: 1000 - 1011 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1000-1011, June 2022. An$r$-uniform hypergraph is linear if every two edges intersect in at most one vertex. Let$K_{r+1}$be a complete graph with$r+1$vertices. The$r$-uniform hypergraph$K_{r+1}^+$is obtained from$K_{r+1}$by enlarging each edge of$K_{r+1}$with$r-2$new vertices disjoint from$V(K_{r+1})$such that distinct edges of$K_{r+1}$are enlarged by distinct vertices. Let$H$be a$K_{r+1}^+$-free linear$r$-uniform hypergraph with$n$vertices. In this paper, we prove that when$n$is sufficiently large, the spectral radius$\rho (H)$of the adjacency tensor of$H$is no more than$\frac{n}{r}$, i.e.,$\rho (H)\leq \frac{n}{r}$, with equality if and only if$r n$and$H$is a transversal design, where the transversal design is the balanced$r$-partite$r$-uniform hypergraph such that each pair of vertices from distinct parts is contained in one hyperedge exactly. An immediate corollary of this result is that$ex_r^{lin}(n,K_{r+1}^+)= \frac{n^2}{r^2}$for sufficiently large$n$and$r n$, where$ex_r^{lin}(n,K_{r+1}^+)$is the maximum number of edges of an$n$-vertex$K_{r+1}^+$-free linear$r$-uniform hypergraph, i.e., the linear Turán number of$K_{r+1}^+$. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-14T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1404740 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Clean Clutters and Dyadic Fractional Packings • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Ahmad Abdi, Gérard Cornuéjols, Bertrand Guenin, Levent Tunçel Pages: 1012 - 1037 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1012-1037, June 2022. A vector is dyadic if each of its entries is a dyadic rational number, i.e., an integer multiple of$\frac{1}{2^k}$for some nonnegative integer$k$. We prove that every clean clutter with a covering number of at least two has a dyadic fractional packing of value two. This result is best possible, for there exist clean clutters with a covering number of three and no dyadic fractional packing of value three. Examples of clean clutters include ideal clutters, binary clutters, and clutters without an intersecting minor. Our proof is constructive and leads naturally to an (albeit exponential) algorithm. We improve the running time to quasi-polynomial in the rank of the input and to polynomial in the binary case. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1397325 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • A Degree Sequence Strengthening of the Vertex Degree Threshold for a Perfect Matching in 3-Uniform Hypergraphs • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Candida Bowtell, Joseph Hyde Pages: 1038 - 1063 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1038-1063, June 2022. The study of asymptotic minimum degree thresholds that force matchings and tilings in hypergraphs is a lively area of research in combinatorics. A key breakthrough in this area was a result of Hàn, Person, and Schacht [SIAM J. Disc. Math., 23 (2009), pp. 732--748] who proved that the asymptotic minimum vertex degree threshold for a perfect matching in an$n$-vertex$3$-graph is$\left(\frac{5}{9}+o(1)\right)\binom{n}{2}$. In this paper, we improve on this result, giving a family of degree sequence results, all of which imply the result of Hàn, Person and Schacht and additionally allow one-third of the vertices to have degree$\frac{1}{9}\binom{n}{2}$below this threshold. Furthermore, we show that this result is, in some sense, tight. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1364825 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Multiplicative Properties of Hilbert Cubes • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Igor E. Shparlinski Pages: 1064 - 1070 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1064-1070, June 2022. We obtain upper bounds on the cardinality of Hilbert cubes in finite fields, which avoid large product sets and reciprocals of sum sets. In particular, our results replace recent estimates of N. Hegyvári and P. P. Pach [J. Number Theory, 217 (2020), pp. 292--300], which appear to be void for all admissible parameters. Our approach is different from that of Hegyvári and Pach and is based on some well-known bounds of double character and exponential sums over arbitrary sets, due to A. A. Karatsuba [Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 319 (1991), pp. 543--545] and N. G. Moshchevitin [Mat. Sb., 198 (2007), pp. 95--116]), respectively. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/22M1470396 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Anticoncentration and the Exact Gap-Hamming Problem • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Anup Rao, Amir Yehudayoff Pages: 1071 - 1092 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1071-1092, June 2022. We prove anticoncentration bounds for the inner product of two independent random vectors and use these bounds to prove lower bounds in communication complexity. We show that if$A,B$are subsets of the cube$\{\pm 1\}^n$with$ A \cdot B \geq 2^{1.01 n}$, and$X \in A$and$Y \in B$are sampled independently and uniformly, then the inner product$\langle{X},{Y}\rangle$takes on any fixed value with probability at most$O(1/\sqrt{n})$. In fact, we prove the following stronger “smoothness" statement:$ \max_{k } \big \Pr[\langle{X},{Y}\rangle = k] - \Pr[\langle{X},{Y}\rangle = k+4]\big \leq O(1/n).$We use these results to prove that the exact gap-hamming problem requires linear communication, resolving an open problem in communication complexity. We also conclude anticoncentration for structured distributions with low entropy. If$x \in \mathbb{Z}^n$has no zero coordinates, and$B \subseteq \{\pm 1\}^n$corresponds to a subspace of$\mathbb{F}_2^n$of dimension$0.51n$, then$\max_k \Pr[\langle{x},{Y}\rangle = k] \leq O(\sqrt{\ln (n)/n})$. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-21T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1435288 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • On the Cardinality of Sets in$R^d$Obeying a Slightly Obtuse Angle Bound • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Tongseok Lim, Robert J. McCann Pages: 1093 - 1101 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1093-1101, June 2022. In this paper, we explicitly estimate the number of points in a subset$A \subset R^{d}$as a function of the maximum angle$\angle A$that any three of these points form, provided$\angle A < \theta_d := \arccos(-\frac 1 {d}) \in (\pi/2,\pi)$. We also show$\angle A < \theta_d$ensures that$A$coincides with the vertex set of a convex polytope. This study is motivated by a question of Paul Erdös and indirectly by a conjecture of László Fejes Tóth. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-27T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1403163 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Shortest Reconfiguration of Perfect Matchings via Alternating Cycles • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Takehiro Ito, Naonori Kakimura, Naoyuki Kamiyama, Yusuke Kobayashi, Yoshio Okamoto Pages: 1102 - 1123 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1102-1123, June 2022. Motivated by adjacency in perfect matching polytopes, we study the shortest reconfiguration problem of perfect matchings via alternating cycles. Namely, we want to find a shortest sequence of perfect matchings which transforms one given perfect matching to another given perfect matching such that the symmetric difference of each pair of consecutive perfect matchings is a single cycle. The problem is equivalent to the combinatorial shortest path problem in perfect matching polytopes. We prove that the problem is NP-hard even when a given graph is planar or bipartite, but it can be solved in polynomial time when the graph is outerplanar. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-28T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1364370 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • The$\chi$-Ramsey Problem for Triangle-Free Graphs • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Ewan Davies, Freddie Illingworth Pages: 1124 - 1134 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1124-1134, June 2022. In 1967, Erdös asked for the greatest chromatic number,$f(n)$, amongst all$n$-vertex, triangle-free graphs. An observation of Erdös and Hajnal together with Shearer's classical upper bound for the off-diagonal Ramsey number$R(3, t)$shows that$f(n)$is at most$(2 \sqrt{2} + o(1)) \sqrt{n/\log n}$. We improve this bound by a factor$\sqrt{2}$, as well as obtaining an analogous bound on the list chromatic number which is tight up to a constant factor. A bound in terms of the number of edges that is similarly tight follows, and these results confirm a conjecture of Cames van Batenburg et al. [Electron. J. Combin., 27 (2020), P2.34]. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-04-28T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1437573 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Sets Avoiding Six-Term Arithmetic Progressions in$\mathbb{Z}_6^{n}$are Exponentially Small • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Péter Pál Pach, Richárd Palincza Pages: 1135 - 1142 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1135-1142, June 2022. We show that sets avoiding six-term arithmetic progressions in$\mathbb{Z}_6^n$have size at most$5.709^n$. It is also pointed out that the “product construction” does not work in this setting; in particular we show that for the extremal sizes in small dimensions we have$r_6(\mathbb{Z}_6)=5$,$r_6(\mathbb{Z}_6^2)=25$, and$ 117\leq r_6(\mathbb{Z}_6^n)\leq 124$. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-05-05T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1413766 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • The Degrees of Regular Polytopes of Type [4, 4, 4] • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Maria Elisa Fernandes, Claudio Alexandre Piedade Pages: 1143 - 1155 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1143-1155, June 2022. We give a list of all possible degrees of faithful transitive permutation representations, corresponding to the indexes of core-free subgroups, of the finite universal regular polytopes${{4,4}_{(t_1,t_2)},{4,4}_{(s_1,s_2)}}$. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-05-19T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1375012 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • The Price of Connectivity in Fair Division • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Xiaohui Bei, Ayumi Igarashi, Xinhang Lu, Warut Suksompong Pages: 1156 - 1186 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1156-1186, June 2022. We study the allocation of indivisible goods that form an undirected graph and quantify the loss of fairness when we impose a constraint that each agent must receive a connected subgraph. Our focus is on well-studied fairness notions including envy-freeness and maximin share fairness. We introduce the price of connectivity to capture the largest multiplicative gap between the graph-specific and the unconstrained maximin share and derive bounds on this quantity which are tight for large classes of graphs in the case of two agents and for paths and stars in the general case. For instance, with two agents we show that for biconnected graphs it is possible to obtain at least 3/4 of the maximin share with connected allocations, while for the remaining graphs the guarantee is at most 1/2. In addition, we determine the optimal relaxation of envy-freeness that can be obtained with each graph for two agents and characterize the set of trees and complete bipartite graphs that always admit an allocation satisfying envy-freeness up to one good (EF1) for three agents. Our work demonstrates several applications of graph-theoretic tools and concepts to fair division problems. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-05-19T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1388310 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • On the Turán Number of the Blow-Up of the Hexagon • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Oliver Janzer, Abhishek Methuku, Zoltán Lóránt Nagy Pages: 1187 - 1199 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1187-1199, June 2022. The$r$-blowup of a graph$F$, denoted by$F[r]$, is the graph obtained by replacing the vertices and edges of$F$with independent sets of size$r$and copies of$K_{r,r}$, respectively. For bipartite graphs$F$, very little is known about the order of magnitude of the Turán number of$F[r]$. In this paper we prove that${ex}(n,C_6[2])=O(n^{5/3})$and, more generally, for any positive integer$t$,${ex}(n,\theta_{3,t}[2])=O(n^{5/3})$. This is tight when$t$is sufficiently large. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-05-19T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1428510 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • On Covering Segments with Unit Intervals • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Dan Bergren, Eduard Eiben, Robert Ganian, Iyad Kanj Pages: 1200 - 1230 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1200-1230, June 2022. We study the problem of covering a set of segments on a line with the minimum number of unit-length intervals, where an interval covers a segment if at least one of the two endpoints of the segment falls in the unit interval. We also study several variants of this problem. We show that the restrictions of the aforementioned problems to the set of instances in which all the segments have the same length are NP-hard. This result implies several NP-hardness results in the literature for variants and generalizations of the problems under consideration. We then study the parameterized complexity of the aforementioned problems. We provide tight results for most of them by showing that they are fixed-parameter tractable for the restrictions in which all the segments have the same length, and are W[1]-complete otherwise. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-05-23T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1336412 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • 2-Modular Matrices • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: James Oxley, Zach Walsh Pages: 1231 - 1248 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1231-1248, June 2022. An integer matrix$A$is$\Delta$-modular if the determinant of each$rank(A) \times rank(A)$submatrix has absolute value at most$\Delta$. The class of 1-modular, or unimodular, matrices is of fundamental significance in both integer programming theory and matroid theory. A 1957 result of Heller shows that the maximum number of nonzero, pairwise non-parallel columns of a rank-$r$unimodular matrix is ($r + 1 \atop 2$). We prove that, for each sufficiently large integer$r$, the maximum number of nonzero, pairwise non-parallel columns of a rank-$r$2-modular matrix is ($r + 2 \atop 2$)$ - 2$. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-05-23T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1419131 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • On Hop-Constrained Steiner Trees in Tree-Like Metrics • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Martin Böhm, Ruben Hoeksma, Nicole Megow, Lukas Nölke, Bertrand Simon Pages: 1249 - 1273 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1249-1273, June 2022. We consider the problem of computing a Steiner tree of minimum cost under a hop constraint that requires the depth of the tree to be at most$k$. Our main result is an exact algorithm for metrics induced by graphs with bounded treewidth that runs in time$n^{O(k)}$. For the special case of a path, we give a simple algorithm that solves the problem in polynomial time, even if$k$is part of the input. The main result can be used to obtain, in quasi-polynomial time, a near-optimal solution that violates the$k$-hop constraint by at most one hop for more general metrics induced by graphs of bounded highway dimension and bounded doubling dimension. For nonmetric graphs, we rule out an$o(\log n)$-approximation, assuming P$\,\neq\,$NP even when relaxing the hop constraint by any additive constant. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-01T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1425487 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Perfect Matchings in the Semirandom Graph Process • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Pu Gao, Calum MacRury, Paweł Prałat Pages: 1274 - 1290 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1274-1290, June 2022. The semirandom graph process is a single player game in which the player is initially presented an empty graph on$n$vertices. In each round, a vertex$u$is presented to the player independently and uniformly at random. The player then adaptively selects a vertex$v$and adds the edge$uv$to the graph. For a fixed monotone graph property, the objective of the player is to force the graph to satisfy this property with high probability in as few rounds as possible. We focus on the problem of constructing a perfect matching in as few rounds as possible. In particular, we present an adaptive strategy for the player which achieves a perfect matching in$\beta n$rounds, where the value of$\beta < 1.206$is derived from a solution to some system of differential equations. This improves upon the previously best known upper bound of$(1+2/e+o(1)) \, n < 1.736 \, n$rounds. We also improve the previously best lower bound of$(\ln 2 + o(1)) \, n> 0.693 \, n$and show that the player cannot achieve the desired property in less than$\alpha n$rounds, where the value of$\alpha> 0.932$is derived from a solution to another system of differential equations. As a result, the gap between the upper and lower bounds is decreased roughly four times. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-01T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1446939 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Completing and Extending Shellings of Vertex Decomposable Complexes • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Michaela Coleman, Anton Dochtermann, Nathan Geist, Suho Oh Pages: 1291 - 1305 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1291-1305, June 2022. We say that a pure$d$-dimensional simplicial complex$\Delta$on$n$vertices is shelling completable if$\Delta$can be realized as the initial sequence of some shelling of$\Delta_{n-1}^{(d)}$, the$d$-skeleton of the$(n-1)$-dimensional simplex. A well-known conjecture of Simon posits that any shellable complex is shelling completable. In this note we prove that vertex decomposable complexes are shelling completable. In fact we show that if$\Delta$is a vertex decomposable complex, then there exists an ordering of its ground set$V$such that adding the revlex smallest missing$(d+1)$-subset of$V$results in a complex that is again vertex decomposable. We explore applications to matroids and shifted complexes, as well as connections to ridge-chordal complexes and$k$-decomposability. We also show that if$\Delta$is a$d$-dimensional complex on at most$d+3$vertices, then the notions of shellable, vertex decomposable, shelling completable, and extendably shellable are all equivalent. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-02T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1445119 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • The Ising Antiferromagnet and Max Cut on Random Regular Graphs • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Amin Coja-Oghlan, Philipp Loick, Balázs F. Mezei, Gregory B. Sorkin Pages: 1306 - 1342 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1306-1342, June 2022. The Ising antiferromagnet is an important statistical physics model with close connections to the Max Cut problem. Combining spatial mixing arguments with the method of moments and the interpolation method, we pinpoint the replica symmetry breaking phase transition predicted by physicists. Additionally, we rigorously establish upper bounds on the Max Cut of random regular graphs predicted by Zdeborová and Boettcher [J. Stat. Mech., 2010 (2010), P02020]. As an application we prove that the information-theoretic threshold of the disassortative stochastic block model on random regular graphs coincides with the Kesten--Stigum bound. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-02T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M137999X Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Disjoint Cycles with Length Constraints in Digraphs of Large Connectivity or Large Minimum Degree • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Raphael M. Steiner Pages: 1343 - 1362 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1343-1362, June 2022. A conjecture by Lichiardopol [SIAM J. Discrete Math., 28 (2014), pp. 1618--1627] states that for every$k \ge 1$there exists an integer$g(k)$such that every digraph of minimum out-degree at least$g(k)$contains$k$vertex-disjoint directed cycles of pairwise distinct lengths. Motivated by Lichiardopol's conjecture, we study the existence of vertex-disjoint directed cycles satisfying length constraints in digraphs of large connectivity or large minimum degree. Our main result is that for every$k \in \mathbb{N}$, there exists$s(k) \in \mathbb{N}$such that every strongly$s(k)$-connected digraph contains$k$vertex-disjoint directed cycles of pairwise distinct lengths. In contrast, for every$k \in \mathbb{N}$we construct a strongly$k$-connected digraph containing no two vertex- or arc-disjoint directed cycles of the same length. It is an open problem whether$g(3)$exists. Here we prove the existence of an integer$K$such that every digraph of minimum out- and in-degree at least$K$contains 3 vertex-disjoint directed cycles of pairwise distinct lengths. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-06T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1382398 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • A Polynomial-Time Algorithm to Determine (Almost) Hamiltonicity of Dense Regular Graphs • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Viresh Patel, Fabian Stroh Pages: 1363 - 1393 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1363-1393, June 2022. We give a polynomial-time algorithm for detecting very long cycles in dense regular graphs. Specifically, we show that, given$\alpha \in (0,1)$, there exists a$c=c(\alpha)$such that the following holds: there is a polynomial-time algorithm that, given a$D$-regular graph$G$on$n$vertices with$D\geq \alpha n$, determines whether$G$contains a cycle on at least$n - c$vertices. The problem becomes NP-complete if we drop either the density or the regularity condition. The algorithm combines tools from extremal graph theory and spectral partitioning as well as some further algorithmic ingredients. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-07T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1356191 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Planarity and Genus of Sparse Random Bipartite Graphs • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Tuan A. Do, Joshua Erde, Mihyun Kang Pages: 1394 - 1415 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1394-1415, June 2022. The genus of the binomial random graph$G(n,p)$is well understood for a wide range of$p=p(n)$. Recently, the study of the genus of the random bipartite graph$G(n_1,n_2,p)$, with partition classes of size$n_1$and$n_2$, was initiated by Mohar and Jing, who showed that when$n_1$and$n_2$are comparable in size and$p=p(n_1,n_2)$is significantly larger than$(n_1n_2)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$the genus of the random bipartite graph has a similar behavior to that of the binomial random graph. In this paper we show that there is a threshold for planarity of the random bipartite graph at$p=(n_1n_2)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$and investigate the genus close to this threshold, extending the results of Mohar and Jing. It turns out that there is qualitatively different behavior in the case where$n_1$and$n_2$are comparable, when with high probability (whp) the genus is linear in the number of edges, than in the case where$n_1$is asymptotically smaller than$n_2$, when whp the genus behaves like the genus of a sparse random graph$G(n_1,q)$for an appropriately chosen$q=q(p,n_1,n_2)$. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-13T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/20M1341817 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Robust Connectivity of Graphs on Surfaces • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Peter Bradshaw, Tomáš MasařÍk, Jana Novotná, Ladislav Stacho Pages: 1416 - 1435 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1416-1435, June 2022. Let$\Lambda(T)$denote the set of leaves in a tree$T$. One natural problem is to look for a spanning tree$T$of a given graph$G$such that$\Lambda(T)$is as large as possible. This problem is called maximum leaf number, and it is a well-known NP-hard problem. Equivalently, the same problem can be formulated as the minimum connected dominating set problem, where the task is to find a smallest subset of vertices$D\subseteq V(G)$such that every vertex of$G$is in the closed neighborhood of$D$. Throughout recent decades, these two equivalent problems have received considerable attention, ranging from pure graph theoretic questions to practical problems related to the construction of wireless networks. Recently, a similar but stronger notion was defined by Bradshaw, Masařík, and Stacho [Flexible list colorings in graphs with special degeneracy conditions, in Proceedings of the 31st International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2020), LIPIcs. Leibniz Int. Proc. Inform. 181, Schloss Dagstuhl. Leibniz-Zent. Inform., Wadern, 2020, article 31]. They introduced a new invariant for a graph$G$, called the robust connectivity and written as$\kappa_\rho(G)$, defined as the minimum value$\frac{ R \cap \Lambda (T) }{ R }$taken over all nonempty subsets$R\subseteq V(G)$, where$T = T(R)$is a spanning tree on$G$chosen to maximize$ R \cap \Lambda(T) $. Large robust connectivity was originally used to show flexible choosability in nonregular graphs. In this paper, we investigate some interesting properties of robust connectivity for graphs embedded in surfaces. We prove a tight asymptotic bound of$\Omega(\gamma^{-\frac{1}{r}})$for the robust connectivity of$r$-connected graphs of Euler genus$\gamma$. Moreover, we give a surprising connection between the robust connectivity of graphs with an edge-maximal embedding in a surface and the surface connectivity of that surface, which describes to what extent large induced subgraphs of embedded graphs can be cut out from the surface without splitting the surface into multiple parts. For planar graphs, this connection provides an equivalent formulation of a long-standing conjecture of Albertson and Berman [A conjecture on planar graphs, in Graph Theory and Related Topics, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1979, p. 57], which states that every planar graph on$n$vertices contains an induced forest of size at least$n/2$. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-16T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1417077 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Online Assortment and Market Segmentation under Bertrand Competition with Set-Dependent Revenues • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: S. Rasoul Etesami Pages: 1436 - 1466 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1436-1466, June 2022. We consider an online assortment problem with$[n]=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$sellers, each holding exactly one item$i\in[n]$with initial inventory$c_i\in \mathbb{Z}_+$, and a sequence of homogeneous buyers arriving over a finite time horizon$t=1,2,\ldots,m$. There is an online platform whose goal is to offer a subset$S_t\subseteq [n]$of sellers to the arriving buyer at time$t$to maximize the expected revenue derived over the entire horizon while respecting the inventory constraints. Given an assortment$S_t$at time$t$, it is assumed that the buyer will select an item from$S_t$based on the well-known multinomial logit model, a well-justified choice model from the economic literature. In this model, the revenue obtained from selling an item$i$at a given time$t$critically depends on the assortment$S_t$offered at that time and is given by the Nash equilibrium of a Bertrand game among the sellers in$S_t$. This imposes a strong dependence/externality among the offered assortments, sellers' revenues, and inventory levels. Despite that challenge, we devise a constant competitive algorithm for the online assortment problem with homogeneous buyers. It answers a question in [Z. Zheng and R. Srikant, Optimal Search Segmentation Mechanisms for Online Platform Markets, preprint, arXiv:1908.07489, 2019] that considered the static version of the assortment problem with only one buyer and no inventory constraints. We also show that the online assortment problem with heterogeneous buyers does not admit a constant competitive algorithm. To compensate that issue, we then consider the assortment problem under an offline setting with heterogeneous buyers. Under a mild market consistency assumption, we show that the generalized Bertrand game admits a pure Nash equilibrium over general buyer-seller bipartite graphs. Finally, we develop an$O(\ln m)$-approximation algorithm for optimal market segmentation of the generalized Bertrand game which allows the platform to derive higher revenues by partitioning the market into smaller pools. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-16T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1400134 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • A Matroid Generalization of the Super-Stable Matching Problem • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: Naoyuki Kamiyama Pages: 1467 - 1482 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1467-1482, June 2022. A super-stable matching is a solution concept in the variant of the stable matching problem in which the preferences may contain ties. Irving proposed a polynomial-time algorithm for the problem of checking the existence of a super-stable matching and finding a super-stable matching if a super-stable matching exists. In this paper, we consider a matroid generalization of a super-stable matching. We call our generalization of a super-stable matching a super-stable common independent set. This can be considered as a generalization of the matroid generalization of a stable matching for strict preferences proposed by Fleiner. We propose a polynomial-time algorithm for the problem of checking the existence of a super-stable common independent set and finding a super-stable common independent set if a super-stable common independent set exists. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-21T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1437214 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • On Generalized Turán Results in Height Two Posets • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: József Balogh, Ryan R. Martin, Dániel T. Nagy, Balázs Patkós Pages: 1483 - 1495 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1483-1495, June 2022. For given posets$P$and$Q$and an integer$n$, the generalized Turán problem for posets asks for the maximum number of copies of$Q$in a$P$-free subset of the$n$-dimensional Boolean lattice,$2^{[n]}$. In this paper, among other results, we show the following: (i) For every$n\geq 5$, the maximum number of 2-chains in a butterfly-free subfamily of$2^{[n]}$is$\lceil\frac{n}{2} \rceil\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}$. (ii) For every fixed$s$,$t$and$k$, a$K_{s,t}$-free family in$2^{[n]}$has$O (n\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor})k$-chains. (iii) For every$n\geq 3$, the maximum number of$2$-chains in an${N}$-free family is$\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}$, where${N}$is a poset on 4 distinct elements$\{p_1,p_2,q_1,q_2\}$for which$p_1 < q_1$,$p_2 < q_1$and$p_2 < q_2$. (iv) We also prove exact results for the maximum number of 2-chains in a family that has no 5-path and asymptotic estimates for the number of 2-chains in a family with no 6-path. Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics PubDate: 2022-06-23T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1137/21M1457254 Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022) • Hamiltonian Cycles in 4-Connected Planar and Projective Planar Triangulations with Few 4-Separators • Free pre-print version: Loading... Authors: On-Hei Solomon Lo, Jianguo Qian Pages: 1496 - 1501 Abstract: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 1496-1501, June 2022. Whitney proved in 1931 that every 4-connected planar triangulation is hamiltonian. Later, Hakimi, Schmeichel, and Thomassen in 1979 conjectured that every such triangulation on$n$vertices has at least$2(n - 2)(n - 4)$hamiltonian cycles. Along this direction, Brinkmann, Souffriau, and Van Cleemput in 2018 established a linear lower bound on the number of hamiltonian cycles in 4-connected planar triangulations. In stark contrast, Alahmadi, Aldred, and Thomassen in 2020 showed that every 5-connected triangulation of the plane or the projective plane has exponentially many hamiltonian cycles. This gives the motivation to study the number of hamiltonian cycles of 4-connected triangulations with few 4-separators. Recently, Liu and Yu in 2021 showed that every 4-connected planar triangulation with$O(n / \log n)$4-separators has a quadratic number of hamiltonian cycles. By adapting the framework of Alahmadi, Aldred, and Thomassen, we strengthen the last two aforementioned results. We prove that every 4-connected planar or projective planar triangulation with$O(n)\$ 4-separators has exponentially many hamiltonian cycles.
Citation: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
PubDate: 2022-06-30T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1137/21M1419556
Issue No: Vol. 36, No. 2 (2022)

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