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Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.102

Number of Followers: 28

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1999-7086 - ISSN (Online) 1999-7094
Published by QScience

[13 journals]

Diagnostic ability of salivary IL-6 and MMP-9 biomarkers in different
stages of periodontitis (case-control study)
- Authors: Omer Mohammed Harbood; Raghad Fadhil Abbas, Hashim Mueen Hussein, Nuha Agab Hamed, Athraa Ali Mahmood Maha Shukri Mahmood
  Abstract: Background: Recently, the importance of salivary proteins as periodontal disease biomarkers creates “high-impact diagnostics” that significantly influence clinical judgment, patient outcomes, and healthcare costs. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of salivary biomarkers Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in distinguishing between various stages of periodontitis and healthy individuals.Materials and Methods: A case-control study of 120 volunteers was classified into four groups based on periodontal health: healthy controls, stage I, II, and III periodontitis. Salivary samples were collected, and an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay was employed to measure IL-6 and MMP-9 levels. The diagnostic precision of both biomarkers was evaluated using the area under curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC).Results: IL-6 demonstrated strong diagnostic ability; its AUC values ranged from 0.888 to 1 across comparisons. Precisely, in differentiating control from stage III periodontitis, IL-6 showed a perfect diagnostic efficacy at a cut-off of 5.75. Conversely, MMP-9 exhibited diverse AUC values according to the stage of disease with a cut-off of 1.715, when comparing the control to stage III.Conclusion: Salivary IL-6 consistently demonstrates robust diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing periodontitis stages, suggesting its potential as a valuable tool for non-invasive periodontal assessments. MMP-9 also presents diagnostic promise, and its application is more stage-specific.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Student satisfaction with their performance in the conservative clinic
cross-sectional study
- Authors: Sarah Abdulameer Rashid; Abduloma Baraka Ali, Bahar Jaafar Selivany, Hanee Bae Faaiz Y. Alhamdani
  Abstract: Background with Aim of the StudyAssessment is crucial to the success of any educational program. In the dental school, students need to provide treatment for patients early in their clinical study. In Iraqi dental schools, this task is undertaken from the third year on. They must acquire both knowledge and skills to be capable, efficient practitioners.Materials and MethodsThe study was done during the academic year’s second semester of fifth-stage students. One hundred and eighteen students participated in this study. Each student was provided with the same questionnaire’s form. The form consists of 5 domains, and each domain consists of 2 items, answered by choosing one of the available options. Both descriptive as well as inferential statistics were applied to the data using SPSS version 11.5. Chi-square and Pearson tests for correlation analysis.ResultsA significant relationship between each of the cavity preparation, pulp capping, cavity lining, filling, and overall performance with the time. The vast majority of the responses reflected a “good” and “very good” level of evaluation. However, pulp capping and cavity lining did not reflect the same level of satisfaction in general. The result of this study indicates that the criteria adopted in the academic evaluation and patient-based outcome move in parallel directions. Academic staff evaluation includes that students are more challenging when they perform delicate procedures, and this is reflected by their evaluation toward such procedures (pulp capping and lining).ConclusionThe students’ self-evaluation of their performance in the Operative Department seems logical. They seem to have reasonable level of satisfaction toward their performance. However, additional efforts are needed to assess students’ views on management of any procedural challenges.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Knowledge and prospects for implementing artificial intelligence among
Iraqi dental students: A questionnaire-based survey
- Authors: Asmaa Abed Shandi; Nuhad A. Hassan Firas H. Alwade
  Abstract: Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry could improve future clinical practice.Aim: This questionnaire survey was commissioned to evaluate the knowledge and perspective of Iraqi dental students on AI application in dentistry.Methods: The survey was administered to 310 dental students, 112 males and 198 females, ages 19–24. Eighty students were in the 2nd grade, 70 in the 3rd grade, 80 in the 4th grade, and 80 in the 5th grade. They completed questionnaires, selecting one option from the list of possible answers for each of the 11 survey questions about AI.Results: A 42.7% of the 310 participants in the study had experience with AI and its software. However, only 35.3% of dental students understood how to incorporate AI into their work. Students in 5th grade were more likely to think that AI has a future in Iraq (p = 0.034), whereas students in 4th grades rejected the idea of using AI in decision-making (p = 0.045) significantly.Conclusion: Dental students lack a basic grasp of AI; therefore, activating their interest helps them learn about AI and its potential uses. To acquaint dental students with AI and its applications, seminars, lectures, and workshops should coincide with the material they introduce in the curriculum.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Flow cytometric estimation of low-density neutrophil antibody labeled and
non-labeled phagocytosis assay in patients with periodontitis
- Authors: Ali Omran Mousa; Ali Hussien Abass Al Hussaini
  Abstract: Background: Neutrophils destroy pathogens via phagocytosis. Neutrophils are effective innate and acquired immunity phagocytes. Low-density neutrophils are distinct neutrophil phenotypes linked to several systemic and infectious diseases. To our knowledge, low-density neutrophil phagocytosis in periodontitis has not been examined. Opsonized and non-opsonized fluorescent beads mixed with low-density neutrophils were gated and analyzed by flow cytometry to count cells that consumed at least one bead.Aims of the Study: To estimate the potential impact of antibody (Ab)-labeled and non-labeled phagocytosis capacity of low-density neutrophils in the 60 patients with periodontitis compared to 40 patients with healthy periodontium.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 100 subjects with no systemic diseases and allocated into a periodontitis group of sixty unstable periodontitis patients compared to a control group of forty subjects with healthy periodontium. Flow cytometry was used to estimate both groups’ Ab-labeled and non-labeled phagocytosis assays of low-density neutrophil groups.Results: Ab-labeled and non-labeled low-density neutrophil phagocytic assays showed no significant difference (p-value > 0.05) between research groups. In both study groups, low-density neutrophils had higher Ab-labeled phagocytosis than non-labeled. A significant positive correlation was observed between Ab-labeled and non-labeled phagocytosis in the control group.Conclusion: Low-density neutrophils express the same labeled and non-labeled phagocytic index in both groups (periodontitis and control). However, the intra-group comparison revealed enhanced Ab-labeled phagocytosis compared to non-labeled phagocytosis in both groups (periodontitis and control).
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Oral manifestations and hemoglobin level in children with subclinical
hypothyroidism
- Authors: Hayder Mahdi Idan; Saif Hakeem Tofiq
  Abstract: Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), or so-called mild thyroid failure, is analyzed when serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are beyond the highest limit of the reference range whereas free T4 concentrations are normal.Aim of the Study: Determine delayed tooth eruption and hemoglobin levels in children with SH.Methods: Case control study was directed amongst 120 children with age not exceed than 12 years old in Diyala governorate. Thyroid function, hemoglobin level, and a common oral manifestation in children with SH were evaluated to find an association between them and compared with healthy children. Children who have SH, after experiencing thyroid tests, have their mouths examined and their hemoglobin levels inspected; after receiving ethical clearance, informed consent was obtained from the relatives of participants.Results: Concerning patients (first group), which is comprised of 100 children with SH, control (second group) comprises of 20 children without SH. The delayed eruption of teeth was (7%) in SH children statistically showed a highly significant association. Level of TSH in the children with SH group was statistically highly significant increased as compared with the control group with Mean ± SE (8.93 ± 0.32) versus Mean ± SE (1.84 ± 0.25). In addition, a highly significant association existed when compared the control group and children with SH concerning hemoglobin level, with Mean ± SE (13.09 ± 0.14) versus Mean ± SE (10.89 ± 0.19).Conclusion: Low level of hemoglobin and high prevalence of delayed tooth eruption were detected in children with SH compared to non-diseased control group.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Assessment of the expression of Bcl-2 with clinicopathological factors in
adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands: A retrospective study
- Authors: Mustafa Mohammed Abdulhussain; Mohammed Al Zubidi Karrar N. Shareef
  Abstract: Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a type of salivary gland cancer with a poor long-term survival rate. Understanding the pathophysiology of this type of cancer will expand the available therapy options. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein produces this early component within the Bcl-2 family of regulatory proteins, which can stimulate proapoptotic or inhibit cell death.Aims: The goal of this study was to detect the expression of Bcl-2 in ACC of the salivary glands and relate the results to clinicopathological characteristics.Materials and Methods: This study examined 35 histopathologically verified ACC of the salivary glands in the oral pathology laboratory at Specialist Surgical Hospital for the period (2011–2015). Bcl-2 expressions were investigated using an immunohistochemical analysis method. The expressions were correlated with clinical and histological evidence using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version (20.0).Results: The expression of Bcl-2 revealed the high frequency of tumors with free margin was in the mild score and the high frequency of tumor with neural invasion was in the moderate score. Additionally, the distribution of the location and type elements along with interesting comparisons was provided. The neural invasion group’s distribution of the tumor revealed high significant difference.Conclusion: Adenoid cystic malignancy expresses antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Its expression may be useful in predicting behavior and establishing ACC-specific treatment.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Upper premolar region as aesthetic zone II in dental implant replacement:
A five-year retrospective study
- Authors: Faaiz Alhamdani; Bahn Agha Ahmed Sleibi
  Abstract: Background: Aesthetic zone refers to maxillary anterior region, from canine to canine, which is important in smile aesthetics. However, based on smile width, this area may be extended to include premolars. The aim of this study was to navigate the aesthetic zone of the upper premolar region for dental implant treatment.Methods: This study was conducted at a private dental center in Baghdad. Dental implant cases treated between January 2018 and April 2023 were included in the study. One hundred and ninety-six patients were included in the study.The demographic data, surgical information, dental implant zones, anterior aesthetic, premolars, and molar non-aesthetic zones, were recorded. Patients with incomplete data were excluded from the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were implemented. The chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between nominal study variables.Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1:2. The highest percentage of implant replacement was found in the upper premolar region (28.7%), followed by the lower molar (23.6%), and the upper anterior aesthetic zone: the upper incisors (16.1%), and the upper canines (3.4%). Early success rate was approximately equal in the anterior, premolar, and other zones, but with the highest value in the premolar area (94%).Conclusion: There is a high demand for upper premolar implants by both genders compared to the aesthetic zone. This highlights the peculiarity of this zone and underpins the suggestion for classifying the upper premolar zone as aesthetic zone II.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
The effect of salivary interleukin-8 level and feeding pattern on the
gingival health condition among children
- Authors: Wathba Mohammed Jabber; Dhaffar Alwan Majbil, Huda A. Yaseen, Mohammed Nahidh, Marwah Mohammed Ali Hafez Diab
  Abstract: BackgroundThe main cause of human periodontal diseases is infection with gram -ve bacteria, like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) may contribute to the periodontal tissue damage. Breastfeeding is an effective method to safeguard the child’s health and endurance. Therefore, this cross-sectional study is intended to investigate the effect of the feeding type on gingival health by monitoring the level of salivary interleukin-8.Subjects and MethodsFifty-seven children aged 4–6 years old were enrolled in this study. They were divided according to the type of feeding into formula feeding or breast feeding. Oral examination was done according to the protocols of oral health surveys using plaque and gingival indices to evaluate the severity of gingivitis. Salivary IL-8 level was measured by collecting saliva directly from the oral cavity and testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test.ResultsMost of the cases recorded had mild gingivitis (37 cases), while the rest showed moderate gingivitis (20 cases), with no severe or healthy cases. Regarding group difference between the two types of feeding, there was a high significant difference for IL-8 level with highly elevated level in the formula feeding group. Level of IL-8 showed a significant difference between 5 and 6 years old and non-significant differences with regard to plaque and gingival indices in spite of an increase in IL-8 level in moderate-type gingivitis rather than mild gingivitis.ConclusionThe finding of this study exhibited an elevation in the level of salivary IL-8 in poor oral hygiene and older children in spite of the weak correlation. Formula feeding may influence both IL-8 level and the gingival health status.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Histological variety analysis for pleomorphic adenoma in salivary glands:
Retrospective study
- Authors: Zinah A. Hamdala; Ban F. Al-Drobie Lina Ibtesam Khalid
  Abstract: Background: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most frequent benign epithelial neoplasm of salivary glands, displaying a remarkable degree of morphological variety. The aim of the study is to illustrate the clinicopathological characteristics of PA with particular emphases on epithelial cell morphology and mesenchymal elements.Materials and Methods: A total of 132 PA collected between 2002 and 2017 were recruited from Al Shahid Ghazi Al Hariri Hospital and the Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq, and analyzed for their demographic and histopathological features. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: A slightly higher incidence of PA was detected in females (52.3%) compared to male subjects (47.7%), with an average age of 36.9 years. The palate was the most frequently involved site (64.5%), followed by the parotid gland (31.8%). Microscopically, there were 52 classic, 53 cellular, and only 27 myxoid PAs. Plasmacytoid cells were commonly observed as myoepithelial cells, followed by spindle cells. Trabeculae patterns were the most common archetypes created by the epithelial cells. Myxoids with chondroid mesenchymal-like tissues were the most commonly noticed stromal tissue, mostly making the nominated myxo-chondroid stroma.Conclusion: PAs are neoplasms with a wide range of histological characteristics, including a diversity of cell morphology such as plasmacytoid, spindle, and cuboidal cells, as well as duct-like areas and a high incidence of myxochondroid stroma. Most PAs do not exhibit atypical features such as increased mitotic activity, cellular pleomorphism, or necrosis.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Orthodontists’ consensus on patients’ awareness about orthodontic
treatment risk (clinical audit)
- Authors: Nadia Bassim Alansari; Yassir Ridha Al-Labban Hayder Fadhil Saloom
  Abstract: Background: Providing the patient with an evidence-based overview of the orthodontic therapy risks is a crucial part of clinical practice. This is necessary for obtaining valid consent, facilitating collaborative decision-making, and providing person-centered care. This study aimed to assess the orthodontist’s agreement on patients’ alertness about certain orthodontic treatment risks as part of the consent form.Methods: This online survey of Iraqi orthodontists ran from May to September 2020. A custom questionnaire was created using Google Forms and distributed within a Telegram group for the Iraqi Orthodontists Society.Results: According to the survey, orthodontists concurred that patients should be informed about six hazards before providing consent: oral hygiene status (99%), patients’ poor compliance (99%), relapse risks (95.3%), and the need to modify eating habits to prevent appliance breakage (93.4%). The main controversies were found in regards to the importance of root resorption, incisor trauma, canine impaction complications, achieving desired tooth movements, ceramic brackets, and soft tissue injuries.Conclusion: There are certain inherent risks that Iraqi orthodontists may overlook or undervalue, so greater emphasis is needed to raise awareness of them, likely through repeated programs of continuous education.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Evaluation of the internal fit of zirconia crowns supported by metal
- Authors: Rafal Riyadh Rajab; Haider Hasan Jasim
  Abstract: Background with Aim of the Study: The intraoral scanner in the market contends with challenges, specifically in accurately detecting metallic surfaces of prostheses affected on the fitness of the restoration; therefore, several scanning agents were used to evaluate the internal fit of the zirconia crown.Methods: 45 prefabricated titanium abutments (n = 45) were selected for this study. Samples were divided into three groups (n = 15 each) according to the application of scanning aid agents. Group 1 (G1: control) used a scan body; G2: used liquid paint as the scanning aid agent; and G3: used powder spray as the scanning aid agent. Each abutment was applied with an imaging scanning aid agent to scan and mill the crown. All scans were performed using the same intraoral scanner, and the internal fit was analyzed digitally using digital silicone replica techniques and Geomagic Control X software. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA test.Results: There was no significant difference among the three groups.Conclusion: Scanning aid agents showed similar accuracies for the internal fit of the crown, with no significant differences observed.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Neutrophil extracellular traps behaviors in periodontitis: A mini review
- Authors: Rasha Abdul Jabbar Najim; Batool Hassan Al-Ghurabi
  Abstract: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease brought on by a state of imbalance between the gingival microbiome and the immune responses of the host. Neutrophils are the key cells that play an important role in fighting pathogenic microorganisms in infectious disorders, either by killing them within the cell or secreting antimicrobials attached to large web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through a cell death process known as NETosis. Formation of NETs is important for maintaining homeostasis in periodontal tissues and improvement of health. In periodontitis, an immune-based inflammation impedes NETs formation or causes its destruction, thereby enabling inflammation to progress and destroy periodontal tissues.Polymorphonulear neutrophils (PMNs) inhibit microorganisms and decrease inflammation by secreting of NETs into the pocket environment. Conversely, elevated NET levels can elicit an inflammatory response and provide an environment that is favorable for pathogenic bacteria. NETs biomarkers may prove to be helpful in the diagnosis of periodontitis. However, it is necessary to make future research on the specific mechanism of NETs and the exact interaction between a single bacterium and NETs.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Oral surgery during COVID-19 in Iraq: Health protocols, dental treatment
and cross infection
- Authors: Noor Mohammed Al-Noori; Mohammed Majid Abdulmunem Noor Sahban Ibraheem
  Abstract: Background with Aim of the StudyCOVID-19 poses a challenge for oral surgeons, which requires important changes to avoid unnecessary risks of infection to the surgical team and patients. The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on dental treatment and the risk of cross-infection.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using online questionnaires specially prepared by Google Forms targeting dentists and their patients. The collected data were transferred to Excel sheets, and SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive and Chi-Square Tests were used to analyze the data. (p ≤ 0.05, considered statistically significant).ResultsA total of 1434 subjects participated in this study: 154 dentists and 1280 patients. About 35.1% of dentists were infected with covid-19, and only 44.4% of them were infected during work. While 25.2% of the patients were infected with covid-19, and only 1.7% of them got infected after visiting a dentist. There was no statistically significant relationship between infection with Covid-19 and visits to dentists.ConclusionAdhering to the dentist’s personal protection methods has major effect on reducing transmission of infection from the dentist to the patient and vice versa and may even prevent infection.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid and
platelet-rich plasma on the expression of salivary matrix
metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in tempromandibular internal derrangment
patients
- Authors: Sabaa Radhi Thamer; Ameena Ryhan Diajil
  Abstract: Aims and Objectives: Temporomandibular disorder is a broad term for the joint musculoskeletal problems. This study was aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on salivary matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 expression in patients with internal derrangment.Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients with tempromandibular joint internal derrangment were participated in this study. Patients were separated into two groups: HA and PRP groups. Saliva was obtained before treatment and 6 months after treatment. The expression of MMP-2 and 9 was identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.Results: The expression of both salivary MMP-2 and 9 was significantly decreased after treatment (p = 0.000). A positive correlation was established between MMP-2 and 9 with the mean pain scale and joint click score. However, a negative correlation was found between MMP-2 and 9 with the maximum mouth opening (MMO).Conclusion: Both HA and PRP showed a beneficial therapeutic effect revealed through the reduction of salivary MMP-2 and 9 as an inflammatory biomarkers.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles incorporation on shear bond strength
and surface hardness of acrylic-based soft lining material
- Authors: Mostafa Akeel Isam; Wasmaa Sadik Mahmood
  Abstract: Background and Aim: Soft liners are designed to modify the surfaces of prostheses that interact with the mouth’s soft tissues to improve denture performance. One method of improving its mechanical properties involved the application of nanotechnology. This work aimed to determine impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) on acrylic-based soft liner’s surface hardness and shear bond strength.Materials and Methods: CeO2NPs were added to soft liner monomer with weight percentages of 0%, 2%, and 3%. Sixty samples were prepared for shear bond test and surface hardness test with 30 samples each. Shear bond samples were prepared by constructing two acrylic blocks which assembled over each other creating a square space in the middle with dimensions around 25 mm in length and width and 3 mm in depth for the addition of soft liner material. The surface hardness samples were constructed as a disc with diameter of 35 mm and 6 mm thickness. Instron testing machine with a load of 50 KN and cross-head speed 0.5 mm/min was used for testing the shear bond strength, while surface hardness was tested by Shore A durometer. The morphological features of soft liner samples before and after the addition of CeO2NPs were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed for normality and homogeneity by Shapiro-Wilk test and for significance by ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests using SPSS version 21 software.Results: Soft liner samples demonstrated a significant increase in shear bond strength from 11.6 ± 1.51 MPa for the control group to 16.1 ± 1.37 MPa and 18.9 ± 1.29 MPa for 2%wt. and 3%wt. CeO2NPs treated groups, respectively. The surface hardness value of the samples with the addition of 3%wt. CeO2NPs increased significantly to 61.01 ± 0.98 Shore A in comparison to the control group 59.47 ± 0.97. However, the 2%wt. CeO2NPs-treated group exhibited no significant difference with the rest groups. SEM showed that after CeO2NP incorporation, the nanoparticles were homogenously distributed on the sample surface leading to a decrease in surface porosity.Conclusion: The addition of 2%wt. CeO2NPs improved the shear bond strength of the soft lining material with a non-significant effect on surface hardness. This shows the efficacy of CeO2 in improving some material mechanical properties.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Diagnostic ability of salivary TNF-α and RANKL to differentiate
periodontitis from periodontal health (case-control study)
- Authors: Hadeel Mazin Akram; Suzan Ali Salman, Ayser Najah, Saif S. Saliem, Raghad Fadhil Ahraa Ali Mahmood
  Abstract: BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammation affecting the tooth-supporting periodontal tissues. It is diagnosed by measuring periodontal parameters. However, documenting this data takes effort and may not discover early periodontitis. Biomarkers may help diagnose and assess periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential diagnostic of the salivary tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and receptor-activator of nuclear factor ĸ-B-ligand (RANKL) in distinguishing between periodontitis and healthy periodontium.MethodsThe selected sample size consisted of 88 subjects; it was divided into two groups: 44 subjects in the periodontitis group and 44 subjects in the healthy group. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from participants. Demographic data and clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. ELISA was used for the quantification of levels of TNF-α and RANKL.ResultsBoth TNF-α and RANKL concentrations showed statistically significant differences when comparing healthy to periodontitis (p < 0.01). The sensitivity of RANKL was found to be perfect (1.00), while its specificity was high (0.92) and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.985. On the other hand, TNF-α displayed high sensitivity (0.976) and good specificity (0.893), with an AUC of 0.973.ConclusionSalivary RANKL and TNF-α showed high diagnostic precision and hold potential as helpful instruments for the timely identification and distinction of periodontal diseases (PDs), presenting opportunities for enhanced management of PD and patient welfare.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Impact of anxiety and perceived difficulty on syncope in dental clinic
- Authors: Hani Radhi; Ahmad Fliah Hassan, Aya H Ali, Faaiz Yaqub Alhamdani, Hashim Mueen Hussein Hayder Hamed Abed
  Abstract: Background and Aim of the Study: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between anxiety levels, syncope episodes, and dental procedures.Methods: Two hundred patients were assessed for eligibility, with thirty-six meeting the inclusion criteria. Twenty participants had prior syncope experiences, while sixteen fainted during dental clinical procedures. All participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) interviews, and a numerical rating scale (NRS) assessed their perceptions of anesthesia, extraction, and procedure difficulty.Results: It revealed that anxiety significantly increased in patients with previous syncope episodes during extractions (p = 0.002) and perceived difficulty (p = 0.017). Syncope during dental procedures correlated considerably with dental extraction (p = 0.003), difficulty assumption (p = 0.012), and overall HAD scores (p = 0.036).Conclusion: Syncope-prone patients may be at higher risk for syncope during dental extractions, influenced by anxiety. Participants who fainted during procedures exhibited elevated total anxiety scores on the HAD.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Awareness of amalgam dental fillings among Iraqi dentists and patients: A
cross-sectional study
- Authors: Zainab Shakir Amory; Shammaa Anees Sahib AlAnsari, Farah Abdul-Razzak Mahmood Al-Bazaz, Aya Nashwan Naji Hashim Mueen Hussein
  Abstract: Background: The utilization of amalgam fillings has been minimized to just consider its mercury content. Mercury exposure may present a health hazard, as well as the Cavity design of amalgam restoration includes unnecessary removal of sound tooth structure which may lead to fracture of remaining tooth structure.Objective: To estimate dentists’ and patients’ information, knowledge, and concern about the mercury content of amalgam and their preference for more esthetic restoration in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 282 dentists and 616 patients was conducted at Al-Rafidain University College to validate Iraqi patients’ perceptions and dentists’ attitudes towards dental amalgam use.Results: It was found that half of the patients don’t have any idea about the restoration type and outcome of dental materials for their well-being. A total of 259 participants (80.19%) specified that they would not prefer amalgam restoration in their teeth as being unaesthetic. 22.69% of dentists used amalgam, and 37.94% did not use amalgam. The decision to avoid employing amalgam is based on two primary factors: the aesthetic and the presence of mercury.Conclusion: Dental amalgam awareness is not enough among participating patients. Although dentists do not frequently use dental amalgam, disagreement on banning dental amalgam was their choice.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Comparison between black tea with salt mouthwash and chlorhexidine on
periodontal health status as an adjunct to nonsurgical therapy:
Non-randomized control study
- Authors: Sarah Ihsan Al-Karawi; Ghasaq Asim Abdul-Wahab, Alyamama Mahmood Alwan Tameem Jassim Khuder
  Abstract: Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory noncommunicable disease that affects all tooth-supporting apparatus. The traditional method of treatment is non-surgical periodontal therapy. If this mechanical debridement is ineffective, an adjunctive therapy may be useful. Black tea with salt and chlorhexidine has been evaluated in the current research as an adjunctive treatment modality.Aims: To investigate the antibacterial properties of black tea with salt rinse on periodontal disease and compare its efficacy to chlorhexidine rinse.Methods: Non-randomized control study consisting of sixty participants with age range from 25 to 55 years was divided into three groups: control (no treatment), chlorhexidine mouthwash, and black tea with salt mouthwash. Prior to initiating adjunctive therapy, scaling was performed for all groups.Results: Statistically significant differences have been found between the effects of mouthwash of black tea with salt versus (0.12) chlorhexidine mouthwash. The findings demonstrated that the group utilizing black tea with salt rinses showed more significant reduction in both plaque and gingival indices in comparison to the chlorhexidine rinse group. Moreover, comparisons between all groups showed highly significant differences in periodontal indices between visits.Conclusion: Using black tea with salt mouthwash could be effective and useful adjunctive therapy for periodontal diseases. In the future, it is necessary to conduct further studies with a larger sample size in order to make more precise assessment of the impact of black tea with salt mouthwash.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
The association between the diet habit and life style and delayed eruption
of permanent second molars in adolescent patients
- Authors: Bahn Agha; Suhad Mohammed Ali Sadeq, Mohammed Dheyaa Khaleel Nusseibeh Omar Muhammad
  Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between delayed eruption of the permanent second molars and dietary habits, body mass index, and lifestyle of the teenagers.Method: A cross-sectional study was performed at a private dental center. 110 teenagers with an age range of 13–16 years old were screened for delayed permanent second molars. The panoramic X-ray was used to localize the unerupted permanent second molar. The body mass index (BMI) of the patients was calculated. A questionnaire was distributed, and the data were collected via Google Forms. Responses were gathered from February 2024 to March 2024. The questionnaire included three main categories: food type and routine, activity and exercise, and medical and dental health.Results: The percentage of the orthodontic population of teenagers at the time of the study was 22%. Among the screened teenagers, only 11% had at least one unerupted second molar. A higher prevalence of unerupted permanent second molars was found in girls than boys (58.3%, 41.6%, respectively). The highest percentage of delayed eruption of permanent second molar was found on both sides of the maxilla (83.3%). In regards to food type, fast food (66.6%) and noodles or pasta (33.3%) were found to be a common meal at dinner. Chocolate (75%) and crisps (58.3%) were the major snacks. Calcium rich food and nuts were found to be either never or not regularly consumed by teenagers, 66.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Regarding body activity and exercise, the majority of the participants were normal weight (58%). Only 16.6% were found to be obese. The majority of the participants slept later than midnight (83.3%). All participants used the cell phone, with some spenting 5–10 hours (41.6%) on these devices. In terms of medical and dental health, all participants were healthy except 25% suffered from asthma and/or anemia. All participants were regularly visit the dental clinic; however, 41.6% of participants were not aware of delay eruption of permanent second molars.Conclusion: The quality of the food may impact the normal time of eruption of the permanent second molars. Female gender and maxillary arch were found to be more likely to have delayed eruptions. Unhealthy lifestyle, such as sitting long hours on electronics, may impact oral health. Additional risk factors should be considered in future research.
  PubDate: 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z
Continuous caudal anesthesia in children undergoing surgery: A systematic
review of retrospective interventional studies
- Authors: I. Putu Kurniyanta; Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi Ida Katarina
  Abstract: Currently, surgery in children is optimally managed using a multimodal approach aimed at reducing opioid use. Some studies suggest that epidural anesthesia is the gold standard, but it still has limitations due to its short duration with a single injection. Therefore, the latest approach is continuous caudal anesthesia. However, there are currently no systematic review studies on this approach. This research will focus on the administration method and outcomes of continuous caudal anesthesia in children undergoing surgery. We conducted a literature search to compare the effects of continuous caudal anesthesia in pediatric patients based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) from 2014 to 2024. Data extracted from the studies included study type, sample size, type of surgery, body weight, age, intervention, initial dose, maintenance dose, catheter location, rescue anesthesia, induction time, postoperative pain assessment, and complications. The risk of bias was assessed using the cross-sectional/prevalence study quality scale. This study included five research studies with a total sample of 142 patients. Different types of surgery and analgesia were used in these studies. All of the studies showed improvement in pain after surgery. Complications such as difficulty breathing, transient unilateral motor weakness, dural tap, bleeding into the tap, and catheter leakage were more commonly related to anesthesia technique and dosage. The continuous caudal epidural approach can be considered a standard anesthesia technique, particularly in children undergoing specific thoracic and abdominal surgeries.
  PubDate: 2024-12-27T00:00:00Z
Simultaneous management of acetabular and ipsilateral subtrochanteric
femur fractures in a polytrauma patient: A case report
- Authors: Saurabh Sah; Samir Dwidmuthe, Ankush Mohabey Mainak Roy
  Abstract: Simultaneous fractures of the acetabular and subtrochanteric femur are relatively uncommon and present a complex clinical challenge. These fractures are often the result of high-energy trauma, such as automobile accidents or falls from a height. Managing both fractures simultaneously is challenging and requires a comprehensive surgical plan to optimize patient outcomes. We highlight the successful management of simultaneous acetabular and subtrochanteric femur fractures through a single surgical approach in a single sitting.
  PubDate: 2024-12-27T00:00:00Z
Comparing the predictive value of MSI, SI, ASI, and qSOFA with acid–base
markers for septic shock morbidity and mortality
- Authors: Devendra Prasad K.J.; Himabindu K.C., Krishnamoorthy D.G.S.R., Rajesh K. Murali Mohan N.T.
  Abstract: Background: Septic shock remains a critical medical condition with significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Early and accurate risk assessment is crucial for optimizing patient management and improving outcomes. Various clinical indices and biochemical markers have been proposed as predictive tools for assessing the severity of septic shock and its associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to compare the predictive validity of the MSI (modified shock index), SI (shock index), ASI (age shock index), and qSOFA (quick sequential organ failure assessment) score with metabolic acidosis, anion gap, base deficit, and lactate levels in the assessment of morbidity and mortality outcomes in adult patients diagnosed with septic shock.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. This study included 264 patients who were diagnosed with sepsis. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethical committee. A data collection sheet was used for collecting data, including both clinical and metabolic parameters. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed using coGuide REAP.Results: The median age of participants was 60 years (IQR (interquantile range): 45–70 years). The predictive validity of metabolic parameters was higher in predicting “mortality” as indicated by the area under the curve (AUC) values (lactate: 0.816, base deficit: 0.816) compared with clinical parameters (ASI: 077, SI: 0.709). The predictive validity of clinical parameters was higher in predicting “morbidity” as indicated by AUC values (ASI: 0.761, MSI: 0.698) compared with metabolic parameters (base deficit: 0.728, anion gap: 0.611).Conclusions: Predictive validity was higher for clinical parameters related to morbidity and higher for metabolic parameters related to mortality.
  PubDate: 2024-12-27T00:00:00Z
Thoracoscopic treatment of recurrent catamenial pneumothorax
- Authors: Vasileios Leivaditis; Athanasios Papatriantafyllou, Konstantinos Grapatsas, Efstratios Koletsis, Nikolaos Charokopos, Francesk Mulita, Ioannis Panagiotopoulos Manfred Dahm
  Abstract: Introduction: Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the recurrent occurrence of pneumothorax during or around the menstrual period. The pathophysiology of catamenial pneumothorax is not well understood, but is thought to be related to the presence of endometrial tissue in the pleural cavity.Case Presentation: A 42-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient department for further thoracic surgical treatment. She already had two previous episodes of pneumothorax that occurred during her menstrual period. A chest X-ray revealed a right-sided pneumothorax and she was admitted to the hospital where a chest tube was placed to treat the pneumothorax. CT scan revealed the presence of endometrial tissue under the right diaphragm. The patient underwent a total laparoscopic hysterectomy to remove the source of endometrial tissue. The subdiaphragmatic endometrial tissue was also removed. She subsequently underwent thoracoscopic treatment to treat the pneumothorax.Conclusion: The aim of this study was to review the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for catamenial pneumothorax. In addition, the study highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of catamenial pneumothorax, involving pulmonologists, gynecologists, and thoracic surgeons. Further studies are needed to optimize the management of this rare condition.
  PubDate: 2024-12-27T00:00:00Z
Effectiveness of an educational program on paramedics’ knowledge about
first aids of road traffic accidents
- Authors: Hanan Hassan Radi; Sabah Abbas Ahmed
  Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of paramedics’ knowledge toward first aids of road traffic accidents and to determine the effectiveness of an educational program on paramedics’ knowledge about first aids.Methods: A quantitative approach using a pre-experimental design was carried out to determine the effectiveness of an educational program on paramedics’ knowledge about first aids. Purposive sampling, which is a non-probability sampling technique, was selected to obtain reliable and representative data from a total of 50 paramedics working at the Immediate Ambulance Division of Medical Operations Department in Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq. Study instruments consisted of two parts. The first part included the demographic sheet that contained sociodemographic information about the paramedics and included five items. The second part included paramedics’ knowledge about first aids of road traffic accidents according to an Australian version protocol and included three domains that consisted of 26 items. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were used to analyze the study data. Results: The paramedics’ knowledge about first aids of road traffic accidents was fair in the pre-assessment and good in the post-assessment.Conclusion: The paramedics’ knowledge about first aids of road traffic accidents was improved after implementation of the educational program in the post-assessment.Recommendations: This study recommends regularly updating information for paramedics through educational programs that contain updated information and follow global protocols approved by the WHO and the Iraqi Health Organization.
  PubDate: 2024-12-27T00:00:00Z

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