 Subjects -> INSTRUMENTS (Total: 63 journals)
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- Erratum to: Broadband Signal Amplification Paths for Semiconductor
Radiation and Particle Detectors (Review)-
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Abstract: An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020441222030204
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Investigating the Characteristics of the Vivaldi Antenna
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Abstract: The application of a Vivaldi antenna in subsurface radar is considered. The influence of soddy soils on the characteristics of an antipodal antenna has been analyzed. Estimates into the width of the main lobe of the radiation pattern, the directional coefficient, and the level of the front-to-back ratio of the antenna depending on soil moisture are obtained. Antenna directivity diagrams were calculated when sounding sand with a humidity of 2, 8, and 22%. An installation for studying the characteristics of antennas using the R2M-18 scalar analyzer is considered. The dispersion characteristics, radiation pattern, and gain of a laboratory sample of the antenna were measured.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Laboratory Set for Chromatographic Isolation of 186Re Carrier without
Irradiated Tungsten Targets-
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Abstract: A laboratory setup has been developed for the isolation of rhenium radioisotopes from an irradiated tungsten target using extraction chromatography. The operation of the setup was tested using a target made of metallic tungsten of natural isotopic composition, irradiated with deuterons at the U-150 cyclotron of the Kurchatov Institute. The possibility of complete separation of rhenium from large amounts (hundreds of milligrams) of tungsten has been shown. During separation, rhenium is concentrated in a minimum volume (5 mL) of the final solution, providing a high specific activity required for further experiments to create a radiopharmaceutical.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Imaging Fast Processes Using a NANOGATE-22/16 High-Speed Camera
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Abstract: — A method for imaging fast processes by using a NANOGATE-22/16 high-speed 8-channel 16-frame electron-optical camera is described. This camera has been developed in Russia to record a series of 8- or 16-frame images of fast processes in the visible spectral region. The description, the principle of operation, and the method for using the camera are presented.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- A Programmable Pulse Shaper Module in the CAMAC Standard
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Abstract: A PF-LDS CAMAC 8-channel programmable pulse shaper module has been developed for reception and preprocessing of information from low-channel detecting systems. The module can operate with input signals of both polarities. Output signals of the module are NIM-level signals. The module supports up to three output channels per input, and the output signals can be direct or inverse. The shaper module is designed in the CAMAC standard, has eight channels for pulse shaping, and takes two slots in a CAMAC crate. The average quantization-step duration of an output pulse is 6.52 ± 0.04 ns. The maximum pulse length of output signals is 404 ± 2 ns. The shaper delays signals by 18.85 ± 0.57 ns on average for all channels. The mean length of the leading edge of shaper output signals is 1.23 ± 0.20 ns. The relative change in the output-pulse duration under a full load of the module channels is at most 3%. The shaper threshold voltage is set in the range from –540 to +540 mV.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- A Generator of Powerful Nanosecond Pulses Based on a Module of Drift Step
Recovery Diodes and a Module of Shock-Ionized Dynistors-
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Abstract: — A small-sized, high-efficiency nanosecond pulse generator with an output energy of ~400 mJ has been developed based on a module of drift step recovery diodes and a module of shock-ionized dynistors. Using the generator, it is possible to switch voltage pulses with an amplitude of ~30 kV and a rise time of ~3 ns to a load of 50 Ω. The possibility of significantly increasing the output voltage and output energy of the generator is shown.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Quantitative Evaluation Method for Image Autofocusing Performance
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Abstract: This work presents a method for quantitatively evaluating the performance of the autofocusing function of an imaging instrument whose inner features are packaged and inaccessible. A grating target, with parallel placed line pairs, was used for testing, and the measured image was processed in the spectral-frequency domain to assess each image with a weighting function. The proposed method was demonstrated with an optical microscope, using two sets of line grating targets, and validated using a developed autofocusing algorithm. The results showed the proposed method could properly assess autofocusing performance under changing conditions.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- An Attachment to an IR Fourier Spectrometer for Registering IR Spectra of
Liquids in the Vapor Phase-
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Abstract: The article reports on the development of a new attachment for IR spectrometers that is designed to record the IR spectra of liquids in the vapor phase. The attachment is a heated gas cell with a syringe injector for liquid samples on its body as well as two gas taps for cleaning the attachment after registering the spectrum by purging it with an inert gas. The attachment is designed for quantitative studies using the IR spectroscopy method. An example of measuring the concentration of methanol in aqueous solutions is used to show that the metrological characteristics of the quantitative chemical analysis of liquids by IR spectroscopy are improved by eliminating the “solvent effect.” Compared to the ATR method, the authors managed to expand the range of measured methanol concentrations from 1–30 wt% to 0.03–100 wt% without using the sample preparation procedure.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- A Method to Improve Gamma Energy Resolution of BC-420 Type Organic
Scintillation Detector-
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Abstract: Currently, plastic (organic) scintillators are using in new type positron emission tomography (PET) devices such as J-PET. But, these type scintillators have low gamma energy detection performance. Therefore, an experimental method was proposed to improve gamma ray energy resolution of an organic scintillation detector composed of a BC-420 type crystal. To do this, a timing spectrometer using constant fraction discrimination method was used. Gamma rays from a 137Cs radioactive source were first detected directly then through the timing method, and the obtained results were compared. The results showed that used method is considerably successful in increasing the energy resolution of this type detector. So, it is believe that the J-PET detection performance will be able to enhance if the proposed method can be used in its electronics.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Technique of Registration of Fluorescence Spectra of Bioactive
Preparations and Their Mathematical Processing-
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Abstract: A technique has been developed for recording the fluorescence spectra of bioactive drugs, which makes it possible to carry out an express analysis of molecular structures of various classes. A software package for analysis and processing of obtained spectra is suggested. Correlation functions have been built to identify drugs from different manufacturers. It is shown that the calculated correlation functions make it possible to obtain information about the compliance of the test sample with the standard with high accuracy.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Development and Testing of a Device for Regulation and Stabilization of
Powerful Millimeter Radiation-
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Abstract: The results of the development and experimental implementation of a device for controlling the parameters of high-power microwave radiation, the principle of operation of which is based on the controlled rotation of the polarizing plate in a plane perpendicular to the linearly polarized microwave beam propagation axis are presented. Stabilization of the power of a subterahertz gyrotron at a level of several percent in a wide range of tuning of control parameters is experimentally demonstrated. The developed device can be successfully used to solve a number of problems aimed at studying the interaction of high-power microwave radiation with matter.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Current Characteristics of Ionizing Radiation Fields of the IBR-2
Reactor’s Irradiation Facility for Researching Materials’ Radiation
Resistance-
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Abstract: The current characteristics of the ionizing radiation fields of an irradiation facility intended for studying the radiation resistance of materials on channel no. 3 of the IBR-2 reactor are presented. Flux densities of fast neutrons for the power of 1.55 MW of the IBR-2 reactor are refined. For the first time, the values of absorbed γ-radiation doses have been experimentally obtained. Values exceeding the range of absorbed doses measured by the dosimeters near the IBR-2 water moderator were calculated by the Monte Carlo method. Devices and methods for quantifying characteristics are described. The range of fast neutron densities along the irradiation facility was 3 × 106−8 × 1011 neutrons/(cm2), and the rates of γ-radiation dose were 3 × 10−4−12 Gy/s.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Initializing the Discharge in the “Active Spectroscopy” Diagnostic
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Abstract: The results of a study into the limiting operating conditions for gas pressure when using D2, He, Ne, and Ar in the “Active spectroscopy” diagnostic plasma cleaning system for the input mirror of the ITER reactor are presented. The experiments were carried out on a full-sized functional model of a cleaning system based on a discharge with a mesh hollow cathode, with all cathode elements of the discharge cell grounded, including a full-size model of the input mirror. It was found that, when using D2, He, and Ne as working gases, the ignition pressure at a voltage of 750 V is approximately 60, 100, and 20 Pa, respectively, and significantly exceeds the maximum allowable for ITER in the cleaning mode (7 Pa). In this case, the discharge quenching pressure in the considered cases is ≤1 Pa. It is shown that the use of an additional thermionic cathode located inside the discharge cell makes it possible to initialize the discharge at pressures close to the quenching pressure. Turning on the hot cathode with a smooth increase in the heating current in the absence of a discharge current and turning it off after ignition of the discharge provide a significant increase in the life of the hot cathode. The applicability of all gases available for use in ITER and a radical reduction in the operating pressure facilitates the solution of the problem of degassing the vacuum chamber and diagnostic ports of thermonuclear facilities after cleaning the mirrors, which makes it possible to reduce the proportion of heavy impurities in the deuterium–tritium mixture and, accordingly, to increase the plasma temperature during operation impulse.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Fiber-optic Temperature Sensing with Silicon Fabry–Perot Interferometer
Using Spectral Low-coherence Interferometry-
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Abstract: A fiber-optic temperature sensor with a silicon Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) using spectral low-coherence interferometry (channeled spectrum) was implemented to measure cryogenic temperature. The sensitivity of a silicon FPI with a cavity length of 36 μm in the temperature range 77–300 K was about 1.5 K.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Investigation into the Neutron Detector for a Radiation Monitor
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Abstract: — The neutron-detection efficiency of a detector based on 3He counters in radiation monitors has been investigated. The factors affecting the neutron-detection efficiency are considered. The possibility of optimizing the detector in terms of the signal-to-background ratio is shown.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- A Kicker Magnet for Beam Extraction from the Booster into the
Booster–Nuclotron Beamline of the NICA Complex-
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Abstract: — A kicker magnet has been developed for the NICA accelerator complex at the JINR (Dubna) for ejecting ions into the beamline that connects the Booster and Nuclotron synchrotrons. An asymmetric design of the magnet without a ferromagnetic core is used to obtain the required magnetic field of 0.17–0.18 T in the region of the extracted beam. A power-supply system is proposed for the kicker magnet; it is based on two generators with different polarities, which are connected from opposite ends. This kicker magnet has made it possible to successfully extract He and Fe ions from the NICA Booster in accordance with the specified parameters.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- On the Possibility of Using Glass Capillaries as Probes of an Atomic-Force
Microscope Operating in a Hybrid Mode-
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Abstract: The possibility of using a glass capillary as a probe of an atomic-force microscope operating in a hybrid mode is demonstrated. Examples of obtaining a topographic image of the surface with a height resolution of 20 nm, as well as the use of this probe in microfluidics, are presented. The possibility of moving droplets of a subfemtoliter volume without touching the surface on which the droplet lies using this probe is shown.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- A Three-Section Subnanosecond Electron Accelerator
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Abstract: — The design of a subnanosecond accelerator composed of three sections and a gas-filled diode and results of its testing are presented. The three sections of the accelerator are a double forming line, a ferrite line, and a line with a variable wave impedance. A beam current amplitude of ≈2.7 kA has been measured behind the anode foil at a pulse width at half-maximum of ≈370 ps. Using this accelerator and a standard spectrometer, Cherenkov radiation and pulsed cathodoluminescence have been investigated in KU-1 fused silica, polymethyl methacrylate, and KBr crystal samples.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Investigation of Some Properties of Chemical Fertilizers Using Gamma-ray
Spectrometry and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry-
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Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate chemical fertilizers using gamma-ray spectrometry and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Eight different types of chemical fertilizers were examined. Samples were counted using high purity germanium (HPGe) spectrometry for counting periods of one day. Spectra were analysed using computer software. After this process, radioactivity concentration of radionuclides, radium equivalent activity, internal hazard index, external hazard index and activity concentration index were calculated and compared with reported values in the scientific literature. Macro, minor and micronutrients were investigated using EDXRF. Size and shape of the chemical fertilizers were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. 226Ra was detected only in sample 1 whilst 40K was detected in all chemical fertilizers. 232Th and 137Cs were not detected in any fertilizer. Except for sample 2 and sample 3, the radioactivity concentration of 40K and dose values are higher than the world average and limit values reported in the respective literature.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
- Static and Dynamic Testing of a Nonlinear Molecular Spring of Vehicle
Suspension-
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Abstract: The paper explains a concept of a vehicle molecular spring suspension whose stiffness in middle stage can be as low as 13 N/mm. The design of this suspension spring on the basis of a hydrophobic nanoporous material is introduced. The test methods of determining the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the novel suspension spring are described. The rationality of experimental design and the accuracy of theoretical analysis is proved by the negligible error between experimental results and theoretical analysis. The vibration isolation test results show that the natural frequency of the suspension can be as low as 1.06 Hz.
PubDate: 2022-06-01
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