 Subjects -> INSTRUMENTS (Total: 63 journals)
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- Early Sensing of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Tomato Plants via
Electrical Measurements-
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Authors:
Siva K. Reddy;Gil Ben-Yashar;Yarden Mazal Jahn;Yahav Ben-Shimon;Aviv Dombrovsky;Avital Bechar;Assaf Ya'akobovitz;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: Viruses of the Tobamovirus genus caused severe losses in many economically important crops, such as pepper, tomato, and cucurbits. Disease symptoms of the Tobamovirus tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) are visually detected about 10–14 days postinfection. During the “latent” asymptomatic period, infected plants constitute a primary source for virus spread to the entire crop via workers’ hands and tools. In the present letter, we have built the infrastructure of an electrical sensor for the early detection of ToBRFV in tomatoes. We have uncovered the changes in the electrical characteristics of ToBRFV-infected tomato plants, and we have noticed that ∼3 days postinfection, the plants demonstrated changes in the I-V curve and a significant reduction of their electrical conductivity. This observation emphasizes that the impact of the ToBRFV on the electrical properties of infected tomato plants appears much earlier than the visible symptoms. Thus, this letter paves the way toward a novel early detection approach of ToBRFV, which will reduce the primary infection source, minimize the secondary spread of the virus, improve yield quality, and minimize economic losses.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Selective Low-Temperature Hydrogen Catalytic Sensor
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Authors:
Ivan Ivanov;Alexander Baranov;Sergey Mironov;Saba Akbari;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: The research demonstrates for the first time the high selectivity of catalytic hydrogen sensors to other hydrocarbons (methane, propane, hexane, butane, ethane, and ethylene) at a temperature less than 70 °С. Two circuits were used to measure the response of the sensors: a Wheatstone bridge circuit and a divider circuit. Hydrogen measurement was conducted within a temperature range of 66–130 °С. The sensors exhibited high sensitivity (25–35 mV/%) and low power consumption (approximately 8.6 mW). The Wheatstone bridge circuit was observed to have the maximum value of selectivity and sensitivity.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Microwave Spoof Surface Plasmon Sensor for Dielectric Material
Characterization-
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Authors:
Ignacio Llamas-Garro;Zabdiel Brito-Brito;Fermin Mira;Marcos T. de Melo;Jung-Mu Kim;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: A microwave planar resonator sensor design supporting spoof surface plasmon waves is used for wafer dielectric characterization. The proposed circuit guides the microwave as a surface wave across the metal signal line, from port to port of the device. The surface wave effectively interacts with the sample being measured, placed on top of the planar sensor. The proposed planar sensor is fabricated on an RF-35 substrate, resulting in a low-cost implementation. The sensor is used to discriminate between wafers with different dielectric permittivity and thickness. Quartz, borosilicate, BK7 glass, and Silicon wafers have been characterized using the proposed sensor. The sensor resonant frequency and losses change according to the permittivity and the thickness of the samples, with an achieved sensor sensitivity of 60.22 MHz/ϵr. Simulation and measurements demonstrate that the proposed spoof surface plasmon resonator sensor can be used to create a high sensitivity sensor for dielectric material characterization. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the samples are inferred from a polynomial fit obtained from sample simulations and confirmed through measurements.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- A Calcium Measurement System Potentially Suitable for At-Home Monitoring
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Authors:
Haopeng Zhang;Noah Fishman;Kristen Allen;Sean Madey;Angela Armato;David Klotzkin;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: Calcium is a critical element in the human body, and variations from the optimal calcium level can be caused by many different mechanisms. In these conditions of calcium dysregulation, it would be highly beneficial to monitor calcium levels on an ongoing basis, to appropriately adjust treatment. In this letter, we present a system and assay potentially suitable for at-home calcium monitoring based on absorption measurements of calcium made in an Arsenazo III indicator solution. The results show a good correlation with laboratory values of calcium measured in serum and plasma. This system is also potentially suitable for the measurement of calcium concentration in other contexts, including monitoring of water hardness and aquarium calcium levels.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Miniature Optical Joint Measurement Sensor for Robotic Application Using
Curvature-Based Reflecting Surfaces-
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Authors:
Dalia Osman;Wanlin Li;Xinli Du;Timothy Minton;Yohan Noh;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: The miniaturization of robotic applications, such as flexible manipulators or robotic prosthetics, while maintaining high-precision closed-loop position control, faces the challenge of integrating all their mechanisms, sensors, and actuators within a limited space. For this reason, position sensors are usually installed outside the actuated joints, by for example using a wire (tendon)-driven system. In this case, high-precision position control may not be guaranteed due to wire slack or wire deformation caused by high tension. As such, this letter presents an optoelectronic-based joint measurement sensor capable of not only being integrated directly within joints of a versatile range of robotic applications, but also enhancing further miniaturization of these robot applications. Using a variable thickness reflecting surface for proximity-based intensity modulation, the proposed sensing system is shown to be able to measure a larger angular range of [0°–140°], with increased sensitivity (0–3.5 V) along with investigation of a light intensity model for estimation of sensor output.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Trends, Challenges, and Recent Advances in Electrochemical Impedance
Spectroscopy-
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Authors:
Islam Mostafa;Ralf Brederlow;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: Impedance spectroscopy is considered one of the widely used smart analytical solutions for many electrochemical and biomedical applications. Recently, many research studies have been deployed to provide optimum system design architectures for biomedical and point-of-care diagnostic products. This letter introduces a supportive guide for readers to figure out trends, challenges, and recent advances in state-of-the-art electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, starting from the excitation signal generator that allows producing the corresponding electrical signal from the sensor. Then, readout analog front-end architectures, based on the extracted electrical signal, are presented. At the end of the signal chain, data analysis mechanisms are discussed and followed by concluding the authors’ recommendations for different macros.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Stance Phase Detection for ZUPT-Aided INS Using Knee-Mounted IMU in
Crawling Scenarios-
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Authors:
Austin R. Parrish;Chi-Shih Jao;Andrei M. Shkel;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: This letter presents a study on the navigational accuracy of crawling using heel and knee-mounted inertial measurement units (IMU). The navigation method is based on a stance phase detection in combination with the zero-velocity UPdaTe algorithm and strapdown inertial navigation systems (INS). A parameter search considering window size, detector type, and statistical threshold was performed to determine the parameters that minimized the circular error probable (CEP). Under the experimental conditions, the knee-mounted IMU position rendered improved navigation accuracy compared with the heel-mounted IMU. Based on the IMU used in this experiment, accelerometer-based zero-velocity detectors appeared to have improved performance for the knee-mounted IMU compared with the angular rate energy and stance phase hypothesis detectors. Under the optimal parameters, the CEP/corresponding root-mean-square error (RMSE) for heel-mounted and knee-mounted IMUs was 0.95/1.05 m and 0.22/0.43 m, respectively, for ten crawling trials over a 42.6 m straight trajectory marking a 77.3% CEP and 59.1% RMSE improvement when using a knee-mounted versus a heel-mounted IMU.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Measurement of Deep Tendon Reflexes Using a Millimeter-Wave Radar
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Authors:
Drew G. Bresnahan;George Lee;Yang Li;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: Patellar and triceps deep tendon reflexes are measured using a millimeter-wave frequency-modulated continuous wave radar positioned near each respective limb. The micro-Doppler signatures from the reflex responses are converted into spectrogram images for feature analysis. Motion capture technology is used to verify the radar measurement results. This letter provides substantial proof of concept for using radar to unambiguously measure and quantify deep tendon reflexes in a clinical setting.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Multiple Faults Detection and Location in Bus-Shaped Cable Networks by
Distributed Time-Domain Reflectometry-
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Authors:
Dhia Haddad;Ahmed Yahia Kallel;Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara;Olfa Kanoun;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: Cables are the primary transmission media for electric power and communication in modern systems. Faults in cable networks affect the system’s reliability and have serious consequences, leading to significant interruptions, failures, and accidents. In this letter, we propose a new method for detecting and locating multiple faults in bus-shaped cable networks based on distributed time-domain reflectometry. The proposed method can detect multiple faults existing simultaneously within one or more network branches. We use analytical modeling and adjacency matrix to categorize reflections measured at the terminations of a bus-shaped network. The proposed method can recognize redundant reflections by distinguishing the first reflection of each error. It detects the faults and identifies their corresponding network branches. The method has been validated on a network with two junctions, one soft fault, one open circuit, and one short circuit. It achieves a maximal relative position deviation of 1.05% and a maximal absolute deviation of 0.98 m.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Ambiguity Resolution Between Constant Velocity and Coordinated Turn Models
for Multimodel Target Tracking-
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Authors:
Junwoo Jang;Changyu Lee;Jinwhan Kim;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: Multimodel-based algorithms, such as the interacting multiple model, have been used in target estimation problems with different dynamics models. The combination of a constant velocity (CV) model and a coordinated turn (CT) model is widely used to track a maneuvering target. However, the distinction between the two models may not be distinct when the target is weakly maneuvering. In this letter, we propose a new method to resolve the ambiguity between CV and CT models that can provide a faster maneuver response and a higher estimation accuracy than traditional methods.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Conical Localization From Angle Measurements: An Approximate Convex
Solution-
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Authors:
Ehsan Alamdari;Fereidoon Behnia;Rouhollah Amiri;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: For several years, a substantial effort has been devoted to the study of 3-D source localization based on 2-D arrays by measuring the well-known azimuth and elevation angles. However, studies on 3-D source localization performed by 1-D arrays are still lacking. Perhaps, the most important drawback in the deployment of a 2-D array structure lies in the fact that it needs a planar space, which might not be available in some applications. This letter concentrates on the problem of 3-D source localization based on 1-D angle measurement provided by a linear array. Different from the traditional 2-D structures where each measurement induces a straight line, each measurement in the 1-D array results in a conic surface originating at the array location. The localization problem is formulated as a constrained weighted least squares optimization problem and the semidefinite relaxation technique has been utilized to recast it as a convex optimization problem. Numerical simulation indicates that the performance of the proposed method outperforms the existing estimator and can reach the Cramer–Rao lower bound under mild Gaussian noise conditions.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
- Automated Detection of Pulmonary Diseases From Lung Sound Signals Using
Fixed-Boundary-Based Empirical Wavelet Transform-
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Authors:
Rajesh Kumar Tripathy;Shaswati Dash;Adyasha Rath;Ganapati Panda;Ram Bilas Pachori;
Pages: 1 - 4
Abstract: In this letter, a promising method is proposed to automatically detect pulmonary diseases (PDs) from lung sound (LS) signals. The modes of the LS signal are evaluated using empirical wavelet transform with fixed boundary points. The time-domain (Shannon entropy) and frequency-domain (peak amplitude and peak frequency) features have been extracted from each mode. The classifiers, such as support vector machine, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), have been chosen to detect PDs using the features of LS signals automatically. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated using LS signals obtained from a publicly available database. The detection accuracy values, such as 80.35, 83.27, 99.34, and 77.13%, have been obtained using the LGBM classifier with fivefold cross validation for normal versus asthma, normal versus pneumonia, normal versus chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and normal versus pneumonia versus asthma versus COPD classification schemes. For the normal versus pneumonia versus asthma classification scheme, the proposed method has achieved an accuracy value of 84.76%, which is higher than that of the existing approaches using LS signals.
PubDate:
May 2022
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 5 (2022)
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