 Subjects -> INSTRUMENTS (Total: 63 journals)
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- Demonstrating a single-block 3D-segmented plastic-scintillator detector
Authors: A. Boyarintsev; A. De Roeck, S. Dolan, A. Gendotti, B. Grynyov, U. Kose, S. Kovalchuk, T. Nepokupnaya, A. Rubbia, D. Sgalaberna, T. Sibilieva X.Y. Zhao
Abstract: Three-dimensional finely grained plastic scintillator detectors bring many advantages in particle
detectors, allowing a massive active target which enables a high-precision tracking of interaction
products, excellent calorimetry and a sub-nanosecond time resolution. Whilst such detectors can be
scaled up to several-tonnes, as required by future neutrino experiments, a relatively long
production time, where each single plastic-scintillator element is independently manufactured and
machined, together with potential challenges in the assembly, complicates their realisation. In this
manuscript we propose a novel design for 3D granular scintillator detectors where O(1 cm 3 ) cubes
are efficiently glued in a single block of scintillator after being produced via cast
polymerization, which can enable rapid and cost-efficient detector construction. This work could
become particularly relevant for the detectors of the next-generation long-baseline
neutrino-oscillation experiments...
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12010
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
- Modeling of U-shaped composite detectors
Authors: A. Chakraborty; R. Kshetri A.S. Patra
Abstract: We have investigated the basic operation of a composite detector comprising of elements arranged in
the shape of an U-shaped rectangular well. Considering an isotropic scattering of gamma-rays and
partial energy absorptions in up to four detector modules, expressions for the addback factor and
the peak-to-total ratio have been obtained in terms of only one probability amplitude. We have
compared the performance of two U-shaped detectors having different geometries and observed
negligible gain in addback due to the longer arms. For completeness, comparisons have been made with
composite detectors like the two element stacked detector and the two level pyramidal detector, both
being embedded inside the U-shaped detector. Our pen-on-paper approach could be used to understand
the operation of modern arrays having detector elements arranged in various sophisticated ways.
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/T12006
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
- Development of a simultaneous imaging system to measure the optical and
gamma ray images of Ir-192
source for high-dose-rate brachytherapy
Authors: J. Nagata; S. Yamamoto, Y. Noguchi, T. Nakaya, K. Okudaira, K. Kamada A. Yoshikawa
Abstract: In high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, verification of the Ir-192 source's position during treatment
is needed because such a source is extremely radioactive. One of the methods used to measure the
source position is based on imaging the gamma rays from the source, but the absolute position in a
patient cannot be confirmed. To confirm the absolute position, it is necessary to acquire an optical
image in addition to the gamma ray image at the same time as well as the same position. To
simultaneously image the gamma ray and optical images, we developed an imaging system composed of a
low-sensitivity, high-resolution gamma camera integrated with a CMOS camera. The gamma camera has a
1-mm-thick cerium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAIO3: YAP(Ce)) scintillator plate optically
coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier (PSPMT), and a 0.1-mm-diameter pinhole collimator
was mounted in front of the camera to improve spatial resolution and reduce sensitivity. We employed
the con...
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/T12005
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
- Detailed analysis of chemical corrosion of ultra-thin wires used in drift
chamber detectors
Authors: A.M. Baldini; G. Cavoto, F. Cei, M. Chiappini, G. Chiarello, C. Chiri, G. Cocciolo, A. Corvaglia, F. Cuna, M. Francesconi, L. Galli, F. Grancagnolo, M. Grassi, R. Ishak, M. Meucci, D. Nicoló, M. Panareo, A. Papa, A. Pepino, F. Raffaelli, F. Renga, E. Ripiccini, G. Signorelli, G.F. Tassielli, R. Valentini C. Voena
Abstract: Ultra-thin metallic anode and cathode wires are frequently employed in low-mass gaseous detectors
for precision experiments, where the amount of material crossed by charged particles must be
minimised. We present here the results of an analysis of the mechanical stress and chemical
corrosion effects observed in 40 and 50 μm diameter silver plated aluminum wires mounted within the
volume of the MEG II drift chamber, which caused the breakage of about one hundred wires (over a
total of ≈ 12000). This analysis is based on the careful inspection of the broken wires by means of
optical and electronic microscopes and on a detailed recording of all breaking incidents. We present
a simple empirical model which relates the number of broken wires to their exposure time to
atmospheric relative humidity and to their mechanical tension, which is necessary for mechanical
stability in the presence of electrostatic fields of several kV/cm. Finally we discuss how wire
breakages can be avoided or...
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/T12003
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
- Radiation hardness of PantherPix hybrid pixel detector
Authors: D. Dudas; V. Kafka, M. Marcisovsky, G. Neue, M. Marcisovska, P. Prusa, I. Koniarova M. Semmler
Abstract: Hybrid pixel detectors (HPD) are nowadays well known and widely used in fundamental research, e.g.
in high energy physics experiments. Over the last decade, segmented semiconductor detectors have
also found use in medicine. The total doses received by medical radiation detectors often reach a
significant level (up to several hundreds of kGy per decade), especially in applications such as
transmission portal in-vivo dosimetry. Such doses might affect detector properties. Therefore, it is
necessary to evaluate their performance after absorbing a significant radiation dose. PantherPix is
a novel 2D hybrid pixel detector which is designed specifically for use in radiation therapy. As was
concluded in earlier studies, it is suitable for radiotherapy quality assurance (QA) and portal
dosimetry. In this paper, the PantherPix radiation hardness is investigated using a 60 Co source.
The dependence on dose of the full depletion voltage, leakage current, detector power consumptio...
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12007
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
- Remark on a promising design of the fissionTPC cathode
Authors: J.Q. Fu
Abstract: The fission Time Projection Chamber (fissionTPC) has been designed and built to make precision
cross-section measurements of neutron-induced fission by the NIFFTE Collaboration. The signal of the
cathode is implemented as trigger for the fissionTPC that rejects alpha signal as background and
selects only fission fragment signal to be recorded. This short note is devoted to a discussion of a
promising way to improve the cathode signal performance by segmenting the planar cathode into two
parts. It is shown through analytic calculations that the new cathode structure has better
signal-to-noise ratio and faster rise time.
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/T12004
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
- Experimental 3-dimensional tracking of the dynamics of a single electron
in the Fermilab Integrable
Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)
Authors: A. Romanov; J. Santucci, G. Stancari, A. Valishev N. Kuklev
Abstract: We present the results of experimental studies on the transverse and longitudinal dynamics of a
single electron in the IOTA storage ring. IOTA is a flexible machine dedicated to beam physics
experiments with electrons and protons. A method was developed to reliably inject and circulate a
controlled number of electrons in the ring. A key beam diagnostic system is the set of sensitive
high-resolution digital cameras for the detection of synchrotron light emitted by the electrons.
With 60–130 electrons in the machine, we measured beam lifetime and derived an absolute calibration
of the optical system. At exposure times of 0.5 s, the cameras were sensitive to individual
electrons. Camera images were used to reconstruct the time evolution of oscillation amplitudes of a
single electron in all 3 degrees of freedom. The evolution of amplitudes directly showed the
interplay between synchrotron-radiation damping, quantum excitations, and scattering with the
residual gas. From the distribu...
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12009
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
- A portable cosmic ray detector for school education
Authors: L. Bomben; S. Capelli, C. Fanzini, E. Lutsenko, V. Mascagna, C. Petroselli, M. Prest, F. Ronchetti, A. Selmi E. Vallazza
Abstract: This article describes the design, assembly and characterization of a portable cosmic ray detector,
developed by the INSULAB group and suitable for teaching activities aimed at high school students.
It consists of a compact aluminum suitcase containing three plastic scintillator modules coupled to
photomultipliers, readout by a custom compact electronics chain and powered by a power bank. The
modules operate in coincidence and the system records the arrival time of each particle and the time
over threshold of the signal of each scintillator module. The data are acquired and processed by a
Raspberry PI connected to a touch screen display for online monitoring. The procedure implemented
for the determination of the detector efficiency is reported, along with the results of the
measurements of the cosmic ray rate as a function of the altitude and the zenith angle, performed in
the laboratory and in different locations outdoors.
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12008
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
- A setup to characterize the tensile mechanical properties of poly(L-lactic
acid) materials applied
in bioresorbable polymer stents
Authors: G. Zhao; R. He, X. Li, J. Zhang, J. Cheng, G. Wu Z. Ni
Abstract: A method for testing mechanical properties of miniature poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) specimens is
instrumented and set up in this research. This method is specially designed to measure mechanical
properties, including elasticity modulus, yield strength and breaking elongation, of miniature PLLA
specimens in three different shapes at various tensile speeds and temperatures. Moreover, the
measurement results are significantly dependent on the tensile speeds and temperatures. This
phenomenon further verifies the obvious existence of the viscoelasticity of PLLA. Finally, it can be
concluded that, with this method, mechanical properties of PLLA can be better investigated and
understood, especially for PLLA used for biodegradable polymer stents.
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-06T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12005
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
- An air insulated linear pulse transformer for electrodischarge technology
Authors: A.A. Zherlitsyn; V.M. Alexeenko S.S. Kondratiev
Abstract: A linear pulse transformer with air insulation at atmospheric pressure was created and tested under
both constant resistance and non linear loads. The maximum power of the transformer output pulse
reached ∼500 MW at a matched load with a charge voltage 50 kV. The transformer transferred ∼60% of
the stored energy to the load over a characteristic time of about 1 μs. The scalability the
generator was studied by connecting two identical transformers in series which gave a power output
of ∼850 MW with doubled output voltage and reduced current. The frequency mode of operation was
studied using one and two transformers with a charge voltage of 50 kV and a load that was, close to
matched. In both cases, the power maximum and jitter showed no significant changes at any of the
frequencies tested (up to 5 Hz). These results mean that the use of this generator can be
recommended for a wide field of applications due to its scalability and low internal impedance.
Citation: Journal of Instrumentation
PubDate: 2021-12-06T00:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12006
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 12 (2021)
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