JournalTOCs

Latin American Perspectives
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.259

Number of Followers: 15

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0094-582X - ISSN (Online) 1552-678X
Published by Sage Publications

[1176 journals]

Interview with Daniel Feierstein
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  Authors: Tomás Crowder-Taraborrelli, Alexander Scott
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-09-19T11:04:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231194625
Interpreting Repressive and Economic Threats: Música contestataria and
Collective Resistance in Central America
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  Authors: Paul Almeida, Luis Rubén González Márquez
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Repressive and economic threats drive much of the popular mobilization in Central America, but those conditions need to be articulated to publics in a manner that emphasizes the need for collective action to ameliorate worsening harms. Examination of protest songs in both periods of heightened state repression (1970–1990) and heightened economic threats (1990–present) in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua demonstrates that musicians and cultural producers actively construct lyrics and musical styles that resonate with subaltern populations and encourage social movement participation in the face of state repression and neoliberal policy implementation.Las amenazas represivas y económicas han inducido buena parte la movilización popular en Centroamérica, pero estas condiciones deben articularse ante los públicos de manera que enfaticen la necesidad de acción colectiva como respuesta a problemas cada vez más graves. Un análisis de las canciones de protesta pertenecientes a los períodos de mayor represión estatal (1970-1990), así como a aquellos con mayores amenazas económicas (1990 al presente) en Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua demuestra que tanto músicos como productores culturales construyen activamente letras y estilos musicales que encuentren resonancia entre las poblaciones subalternas. Así fomentan la participación dentro de los movimientos sociales, aun frente a la represión estatal y la implementación de políticas neoliberales.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-09-12T07:29:46Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231194310
Representations of the COVID-19 Crisis in Argentina
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  Authors: Daniel Feierstein
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The initial search for a strategy to contain the COVID-19 in Argentina took place in a context of political agreements and strong social support. However, this climate of cooperation and consensus was short-lived, and the authorities were soon forced to turn to mitigation strategies. Emotional and ethical-moral considerations gradually displaced a rational, scientific approach to fighting the pandemic, and social representations of it became increasingly impervious to evidence. The results of this defeat of the precautionary principle were an unnecessarily large number of deaths and the undermining of the notions of community responsibility, rights, and mutual obligations.La búsqueda inicial de una estrategia para contener el COVID-19 en Argentina se dio en un contexto de acuerdos políticos y fuerte apoyo social. Sin embargo, este clima de cooperación y consenso duró poco, y las autoridades pronto se vieron obligadas a recurrir a estrategias de mitigación. Las consideraciones emocionales y ético-morales desplazaron gradualmente el enfoque racional y científico para combatir la pandemia, y las representaciones sociales de la misma se volvieron cada vez más impermeables a la evidencia. Los resultados de esta derrota del principio de precaución fueron un número de muertes innecesariamente grande y un deterioro en las nociones de responsabilidad comunitaria, derechos y obligaciones mutuas.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-09-08T06:59:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231194611
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Education in
Argentina
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  Authors: Romina De Luca
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Official information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on girls’ and women’s schooling in Argentina has been scarce, but it is essential that we examine the difficulties experienced by girls and female adolescents in order to draw up policies to prevent a deepening of the educational gender gap. The available literature indicates that woman-headed and woman-supported households have a higher incidence of poverty, unemployment, and work overloads than others and less cultural capital for assisting in their children’s schooling. Obstacles connected with the pandemic appear to be linked to the lack of technical resources, the assumption of new caregiving or work tasks, and the absence of women from the crisis committees formed to deal with the pandemic.La información oficial sobre el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en la escolarización de las niñas y mujeres en Argentina ha sido escasa. Sin embargo, es fundamental que examinemos las dificultades que experimentan niñas y adolescentes para así elaborar políticas que eviten una profundización de la brecha educativa de género. La literatura disponible indica que los hogares encabezados o sostenidos por mujeres tienen una mayor incidencia de pobreza, desempleo y sobrecarga de trabajo que otros, así como menos capital cultural para asistir en la escolarización de los hijos. Los obstáculos relacionados con la pandemia parecen estar relacionados con la falta de recursos técnicos, el incremento de nuevas tareas de cuidado o trabajo, y la ausencia de mujeres en los comités de crisis formados para hacer frente a la pandemia.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-31T10:56:38Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231192481
The Peruvian State and COVID-19
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  Authors: Jan Lust
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The Peruvian state is a dependent capitalist state. Its characteristics are principally the product of the country’s role in the capitalist world system. The measures that have been taken in the fight against COVID-19 have been a mix of repression and the implementation of weak economic and social relief programs. The expansion of the coronavirus has demonstrated that society’s socially and economically segmented character corresponds with a segmented state presence. The policies implemented to reduce the economic and social effects of COVID-19 show that the pre-COVID neoliberal model was not adjusted to confront the economic, social, and health crisis. International and national economic and political restrictions impede a post-COVID state transformation in Peru. The leftist-oriented Castillo government lacked the political and social bases to radically reform the state.El estado peruano es un estado capitalista dependiente y sus características son primordialmente consecuencia del papel que juega el país en el sistema mundial capitalista. Las medidas que se han tomado en la lucha contra la COVID-19 son una mezcla de acciones represivas y la implementación de frágiles programas de ayuda económica y social. La expansión del coronavirus da muestra del carácter social y económicamente segmentado de la sociedad que corresponde con una presencia estatal segmentada. Las políticas implementadas para reducir los efectos económicos y sociales de la COVID-19 muestran que el modelo neoliberal pre-COVID no se ajustó para enfrentar la crisis económica, social y sanitaria. Las restricciones económicas y políticas tanto internacionales como nacionales impiden una transformación estatal post-COVID en el Perú. El gobierno izquierdista de Castillo careció de las bases políticas y sociales para reformar radicalmente el estado.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-29T09:17:22Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231196129
Canto femenino cuequero: Voicing Feminist Solidarity in Chile
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  Authors: Christina Azahar
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Cueca brava, urban cueca from Santiago, has historically been a male-dominated song and dance practice. Its vocal technique, canto gritado, is often considered synonymous with masculine bravado. However, in the 2010s, the singer Josi Villanueva began transforming this scene by teaching women to sing cueca brava. The experiences of participants in Villanueva’s community classes were shaped by Chile’s Mayo Feminista movement in 2018, and her pedagogical practices help participants enact an embodied process of sacando la voz (raising one’s voice) through which women dismantle the limits put on their bodies and voices when they are silenced in musical or social spaces.Históricamente, la cueca brava, o cueca urbana de Santiago, ha sido una práctica de canto y baile dominada por hombres. Su técnica vocal, el canto gritado, es frequentemente considerado sinónimo de bravuconería masculina. Sin embargo, en la década de 2010, la cantora Josi Villanueva comenzó a transformar este escenario al enseñar a las mujeres a cantar cueca brava. Las experiencias de las participantes en las clases comunitarias de Villanueva fueron moldeadas por el movimiento chileno Mayo Feminista en 2018, y sus prácticas pedagógicas ayudan a las participantes a llevar a cabo un proceso encarnado de “sacar la voz” a través del cual desmantelan los límites impuestos a sus cuerpos y voces cuando son silenciadas en espacios musicales o sociales.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-29T09:09:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231195037
Basic Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Education That
Suits Capital
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  Authors: Fabiane Santana Previtali, Cílson César Fagiani
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  In Brazil in 2020 and 2021, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bolsonaro administration further solidified its neoliberal policies of dismantling public services while imposing denialism and antiscientism in fighting the virus, imposing new forms of subjection on the working class. Public basic education, which accounts for around 80 percent of enrollments of children and young people and employs approximately 1,700,000 teachers, was part of this scenario. In 2020, as a result of social isolation, teachers were forced to reinvent themselves for remote teaching without any emphasis on their working conditions. In 2021, education entrepreneurs and the authorities demanded a return to in-person learning despite an increase in COVID-19 cases, shedding light on the true interests of capital.No Brasil, o Governo Bolsonaro, ao longo dos anos 2020 e 2021, no auge da pandemia da COVID-19, aprofundou as políticas neoliberais de desmoste dos serviços públicos, além de ter imposto o negacionismo e o anti-cientificismo no combate ao vírus, penalizando drasticamente a classe que vive do trabalho e impingindo-lhe novas formas de sujeição. A educação básica pública, que responde por cerca de 80% das matrículas de crianças e jovens e emprega aproximadamente 1.700.000 professores, não ficou alheia a esse cenário. Em 2020, em função do isolamento social, os professores foram obrigados a se reiventar para o ensino remoto e o teletrabalho sem atenção às condições laborais. Em 2021, empresários da educação e poder público passaram a exigir o retorno às aulas presenciais mesmo diante do aumento dos casos de COVID-19, lançando luzes sob os reais interesses do capital.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-29T09:05:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231194607
The Revolutionary Left in Cuba and Latin America
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  Authors: Ronald H. Chilcote
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-29T09:01:21Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231194604
The Bolsonaro Government in the Face of the Pandemic: Neoliberalism at a
Crossroad'
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  Authors: Simone Deos, Adriana Nunes Ferreira, Alex Wilhans Antonio Palludeto
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Neoliberalism is a normative system that endeavors to universalize competition and the generation of inequality as fundamental behavioral norms, encompassing not only corporate entities but extending to the whole society. The tenets of this system came under strain amid the coronavirus pandemic which, on one hand, has accentuated its more assertive traits, and on the other, compelled certain strategic concessions primarily in response to pressures coming from society. An assessment of a representative array of economic, political, and health care measures implemented by the neoliberal administration of Jair Bolsonaro during the critical period of 2020–2021, corresponding to the most acute phase of the pandemic, indicates that these measures were underpinned by a regrettable, misguided, and detrimental notion positing a dichotomy between economic prosperity and public health preservation. They were based on the idea that life is not a right for everyone, only for the strongest, and that individual freedom should prevail over the collective interest. The outcomes of this orientation, in aggregate, manifested themselves as a deleterious combination of high unemployment, declining wages, liquidity and solvency problems in businesses, and, most significantly, a substantial loss of human lives.El neoliberalismo es un sistema normativo que busca universalizar la competencia y la generación de desigualdad como normas fundamentales de comportamiento, abarcando no solo a las entidades corporativas sino extendiéndose a toda la sociedad. Los principios de este sistema se vieron sometidos a presión por la pandemia del coronavirus, la cual, por un lado, acentuó sus rasgos más asertivos y, por otro, obligó a que se hicieran ciertas concesiones estratégicas, principalmente en respuesta a presiones provenientes de parte de la sociedad. Una evaluación de una serie representativa de medidas económicas, políticas y de atención médica implementadas por la administración neoliberal de Jair Bolsonaro durante el período crítico de 2020-2021 (correspondiente a la fase más aguda de la pandemia) indica que estas medidas estaban respaldadas por una noción lamentable, equivocada y perjudicial que postula una dicotomía entre la prosperidad económica y la preservación de la salud pública. Se basaban en la idea de que la vida no es un derecho universal, sólo el de los más fuertes, y que la libertad individual debe prevalecer sobre el interés colectivo. En conjunto, los resultados de esta orientación se manifestaron como una combinación perjudicial de alto desempleo, una disminución de los salarios, problemas de liquidez y solvencia en las empresas y, lo más importante, una pérdida sustancial de vidas humanas.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-29T08:59:00Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231194594
Book Review: Assessing El Sistema and the Claims of Social Change through
Music Education
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  Authors: Victoria Mogollón Montagne
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-29T08:56:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231194320
Corrigendum to Not a Mexican Pink Tide: The AMLO Administration and the
Neoliberal Left
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  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-26T02:45:27Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231189996
Social Protections and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America
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  Authors: Viviane Isabela Rodrigues, Carlos Nelson dos Reis
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The COVID-19 pandemic unleashed a socioeconomic catastrophe on the region with the highest rate of inequality in the world, Latin America. Never before have social protections (especially in public health) become so important and so demanded by large sections of society. A study of the social protection systems of some of the most important Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay) in the light of the observed ideopolitical alternation between progressive and conservative governments reveals how the sociopolitical environment gave rise to a neoconservative cycle that, in combination with the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in the decay of these systems and the recognition of their importance.A pandemia da COVID-19 desencadeou uma catástrofe socioeconômica na região com o maior índice de desigualdade do mundo, a América Latina. Nunca antes as proteções sociais (especialmente da saúde pública) se tornaram tão importantes e tão exigidas por grandes setores da sociedade. Um estudo dos sistemas de proteção social de alguns dos mais importantes países latino-americanos (Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Uruguai) à luz da alternância ideopolítica observada entre governos progressistas e conservadores revela como o ambiente sociopolítico deu origem a um ciclo neoconservador que, em combinação com a pandemia de COVID-19, resultou na decadência desses sistemas e no reconhecimento de sua importância.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-23T08:36:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231185312
Book Review: Musical Essentialisms as Afro-Diasporic Agency
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  Authors: Rodrigo Chocano
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-18T06:21:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231195822
The Political Economy of the Tourist Sector in Times of COVID-19: The
Uruguayan Case
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  Authors: Alexandra Lizbona, Andrea Delbono
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  With the outbreak of the pandemic, in the midst of the worst crisis in the tourist sector in Uruguay, and in a context of entrepreneurs’ general concurrence with government measures as opposed to marked worker dissatisfaction, the links of the center-right government headed by Luis Lacalle Pou with businessmen and tourism workers have been characterized by cooperation rather than conflict. This situation can be attributed to the preexistence of a social protection framework and solid labor institutionality, the country’s democratic strength and political culture favoring dialogue, and the instrumental business power compared with the weakness of the tourism workers’ collective action.En medio de la peor crisis del sector turístico, y en un contexto de conformidad con las medidas gubernamentales por parte de los empresarios y de marcada disconformidad por parte de los trabajadores, el vínculo entre el gobierno de centroderecha de Luis Lacalle Pou y los empresarios y trabajadores del turismo se ha caracterizado por la cooperación más que por el conflicto. Esta situación puede atribuirse a la combinación de factores asociados a la preexistencia de una matriz de protección social y una sólida institucionalidad laboral; a la fortaleza democrática del país; a su cultura política favorecedora del diálogo y al poder instrumental del empresariado frente a la debilidad de la acción colectiva de los trabajadores del turismo.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-18T06:19:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231189501
Measures Opposing Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic:
Press Coverage in Argentina and Chile
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  Authors: Tatiana Rein-Venegas, Fernanda Raquel Page-Poma, María José Elizalde Roa, Natalia Sabrina Magnético
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Analysis of the media coverage of the measures opposing violence against women adopted by the governments of Argentina and Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals that it sensationalized the violence without providing any in-depth analysis of the situation or adopting an intersectional perspective.Un análisis de la cobertura mediática en torno a las medidas para combatir la violencia contra las mujeres adoptadas por los gobiernos de Argentina y Chile durante la pandemia del COVID-19 revela que, si bien se sensacionalizó la violencia, esto se hizo sin profundizar en la situación o tomar una perspectiva interseccional.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-08-02T10:24:07Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231185591
The Geography of Telework in Latin America: New Spatial Devices during the
Pandemic
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  Authors: Yeimis Milton Palomino Pichihua, Javier Ruiz Sánchez
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The pandemic has revived attention to several problems in Latin America, among them the labor gap. The rise of remote work has led to debates centered around the future of workers in the face of cognitive capitalism and data colonialism. In this connection, the health emergency is revealed as a process of reengineering that threatens to further precarize and polarize employment, erasing the physical boundary between work and the home. An examination of the devices that have given geographical meaning to this phenomenon, addressing their impact within and across urban space, and of the problems arising from the right to digital connection and disconnection in various Latin American countries reveals a complex process of virtualization/spatialization and the disappearance of the boundary between productive and reproductive tasks because of the dissemination of teleworking.La pandemia ha redescubierto diversos problemas existentes en Latinoamérica, uno de ellos la brecha laboral. El auge del trabajo remoto ha animado debates en torno al futuro de los trabajadores en el horizonte del capitalismo cognitivo y el colonialismo de datos; en este sentido, la emergencia sanitaria se revela como un proceso de reingeniería que amenaza con precarizar y polarizar el empleo; estallando la frontera física entre trabajo y hogar. Un estudio sobre los dispositivos que dan sentido geográfico a este fenómeno, desvelando su impacto desde y sobre el espacio urbano, y de los problemas derivados del derecho a la conexión y desconexión digital revela un complejo proceso de virtualización-espacialización, así como la desaparición del límite entre labores productivas y reproductivas como consecuencia de la difusión del teletrabajo.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-07-27T08:23:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231190059
Soft Power with Chinese Characteristics: Pandemic Diplomacy in Latin
America and the Caribbean
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  Authors: Li Xing, Javier Vadell, Florencia Rubiolo
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Empirical analysis of China’s health diplomacy toward Latin America and the Caribbean in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that even though the region remains peripheral among China’s foreign priorities its health diplomacy functions as a diffusion tool for increasing its soft power in the region, particularly against the background of the evolving China–United States rivalry. The source and development of Chinese soft power in the Global South should be understood as the diffusion effect of the combination and interdependence of its material hard power and its ideational soft power.Un análisis empírico de la diplomacia sanitaria de China hacia América Latina y el Caribe en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 sugiere que, aunque la región sigue ocupando un lugar periférico entre las prioridades exteriores de China, su diplomacia sanitaria funciona como una herramienta de difusión para aumentar su poder blando en la región, particularmente en el contexto de la rivalidad entre China y Estados Unidos. La fuente y el desarrollo del poder blando chino en el Sur Global deben entenderse como el efecto disperso de la combinación e interdependencia de su poder duro material y su poder blando ideacional.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-07-20T09:36:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231187895
Pandemic States of Exception and the Alt-science of Early Treatment for
COVID-19 in Brazil
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  Authors: Letícia Maria Costa da Nóbrega Cesarino, Victor Hugo Viegas de Freitas Silva
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  An in-depth ethnographic account of the online ecosystem that emerged around early treatment for COVID-19 in Brazil suggests that, rather than being made up of straightforward science deniers, this community may be best understood as a kind of “alt-science” that grew from the margins of mainstream science and policy making by taking advantage of the voids opened up by the pandemic state of scientific exception and the Bolsonaro government’s reckless handling of the pandemic. Digital platforms have been key enablers of this process, affording the proliferation of early-treatment knowledge practices on a fold not just between medical science and populist politics but between these and bottom-up forms of neoliberal “fast policy,” entrepreneurialism, and patient activism.Um relato etnográfico aprofundado do ecossistema online que surgiu em torno do tratamento precoce para COVID-19 no Brasil sugere que, em vez de ser composta por negacionistas explícitos da ciência, essa comunidade pode ser melhor compreendida como uma espécie de “alt-science”. Ela cresceu às margens da ciência dominante e das políticas públicas, aproveitando o vácuo aberto pelo estado de exceção científico e pelo tratamento negligente da pandemia pelo governo Bolsonaro. As plataformas digitais têm sido os principais facilitadores desse processo, permitindo a proliferação de práticas de conhecimento de tratamento precoce em uma dobra não apenas entre a ciência médica e a política populista, mas entre essas e as formas de “política rápida” neoliberal a partir de baixo, empreendedorismo e ativismo de pacientes.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-07-19T08:08:49Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231186966
Uprising on the Dance Floor: New Chilean Pop and Protest in
Postdictatorship Chile
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  Authors: Patricio Simonetto, Thomas Shalloe
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  New Chilean Pop catalyzed and reinforced a queer exploration of social exclusion, an alternative and sometimes a counter culture. An analysis of Javiera Mena and Álex Anwandter’s music and filmography reveals a musical scene that has been led by queer and feminist artists whose work has evolved alongside national social movements and a counter-telling of the political, social, cultural, and economic legacy of Augusto Pinochet’s bloody regime (1973–1990).El Nuevo Pop Chileno catalizó y reforzó una exploración queer de la exclusión social, así como una cultura alternativa y, a veces, contracultural. Un análisis de la música y filmografía de Javiera Mena y Álex Anwandter revela una escena musical que ha sido liderada por artistas queer y feministas cuyo trabajo ha evolucionado junto con los movimientos sociales nacionales y una contranarrativa del legado político, social, cultural y económico del sangriento régimen de Augusto Pinochet (1973–1990).
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-07-14T11:57:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231185767
Disaster Extractivism: Latin America’s Extractive Shock Therapy in
the Age of COVID-19
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  Authors: James Alejandro Artiga-Purcell, Thomas Chiasson-LeBel, Fernando Leiva, Alejandra Watanabe-Farro
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Latin America faces a twin crisis. The spread of COVID-19 has become a health catastrophe and sent regional economies into recession, while governments’ increasing reliance on extractive development as a health and economic “cure” has compounded existing socio-environmental conflicts across the continent. An emergent “extractive savior” discourse aligns with political economic interests that have instrumentalized the pandemic to propel a new strain of disaster capitalism—disaster extractivism. Any socio-environmentally just response to COVID-19 must eschew the extractivist logic that underlies the pandemic and mainstream responses to it.América Latina enfrenta una doble crisis. La propagación de COVID-19 se ha convertido en una catástrofe sanitaria y ha llevado a las economías regionales a la recesión, mientras que la creciente dependencia de los gobiernos del desarrollo extractivo como una "cura" sanitaria y económica ha agravado los conflictos socioambientales existentes en todo el continente. Un discurso emergente de "salvación extractiva" se alinea con los intereses económicos políticos que han instrumentalizado la pandemia para impulsar una nueva cepa del capitalismo desastroso: el extractivismo desastroso. Cualquier respuesta socioambientalmente justa al COVID-19 debe evitar la lógica extractivista que subyace a la pandemia y las respuestas generales a esta.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-07-12T06:14:20Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231187886
Gendered Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Rural Women’s
Livelihood Strategies in Mexico’s Mixteca Alta
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  Authors: Matthew Lorenzen, Fátima Martínez-Reyes, Quetzalcóatl Orozco-Ramírez
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The literature on the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic shows that the impacts on women were particularly harsh, as lockdowns increased their household workloads and devastated female-dominated occupations. However, little has been published on the construction of livelihood strategies to offset the impacts of the pandemic. Analysis of the strategies of women in two rural municipalities of the Mixteca Alta region in Mexico shows an increased use of local natural resources, backyard farming, and local trade. It also shows how a gendered lens can be applied to the components of the sustainable-livelihoods framework to produce finer-grained analyses of livelihoods and the factors that influence them.La literatura en torno a los efectos económicos de la pandemia de COVID-19 muestra que los impactos sobre la población femenina fueron particularmente duros, ya que el confinamiento aumentó sus cargas de trabajo doméstico y devastó las ocupaciones dominadas por mujeres. Sin embargo, se ha publicado poco sobre la construcción de estrategias de subsistencia para compensar los impactos de la pandemia. Un análisis de las estrategias de mujeres en dos municipios rurales de la región de la Mixteca Alta en México muestra una expansión del uso de recursos naturales locales, de la agricultura de traspatio y del comercio local. También muestra cómo se puede aplicar una perspectiva de género a los componentes del marco conceptual de los medios de vida sostenible (sustainable-livelihoods framework) y así producir análisis más detallados tanto de dichos medios como de los factores que los influyen.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-07-12T06:08:41Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231185578
Samba and Surveillance: Censorship and Black Music during Brazilian
Military Rule, 1964–1985
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  Authors: Stephen Bocskay
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The censorship and surveillance practices imposed on samba schools, musical performances, and compositions in Rio de Janeiro during the period of the military dictatorship (1964–1985) targeted black political organization at large and musical perspectives on black history and culture. Interviews with samba musicians and analyses of political police documents underscore the military government’s control of discourses and suppression of archives, demonstrating that censorship and surveillance in music and the arts continued after 1985.As práticas de censura e vigilância impostas às escolas de samba, performances e composições musicais no Rio de Janeiro durante o período da ditadura militar (1964-1985) cercearam a organização política negra em geral e as perspectivas musicais sobre a história e a cultura negras. Entrevistas com sambistas e análises de documentos policiais ilustram o controle governamental de discursos e o apagamento de arquivos, demonstrando que a censura e a vigilância na música e nas artes continuaram após 1985.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-06-19T05:16:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231177669
“Apagando el sistema”: Fusion Music as Protest Soundscape in
Lima, Peru
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  Authors: Alissa Vik
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The song “Apagando el sistema” was released in 2015 during protests against the youth labor law known as the Ley Pulpín and frequently reposted on Facebook to show solidarity with various political and social issues. Analyzed from the perspective of what I call “fusion aesthetics,” it can be considered to build on the tradition of the Latin American Nueva Canción, reflect the fragmented nature of protests, and help the musicians negotiate their identities as mestizos and fight racism and discrimination in Peru.La canción "Apagando el sistema" fue lanzada en 2015 durante las protestas de la ley laboral juvenil conocida como Ley Pulpín, y se republicó en Facebook con frecuencia para mostrar solidaridad con diversos temas políticos y sociales. Un análisis desde una perspectiva de lo que yo llamo "estética de fusión” nos permite decir que la canción se basa en la tradición de la Nueva Canción latinoamericana, refleja la naturaleza fragmentada de las protestas y ayuda a los músicos a negociar sus identidades como mestizos y luchar contra el racismo y la discriminación en el Perú.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-06-13T09:09:39Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231180852
A Tale of Two Crashes: Pandemic Politics in Brazil and Peru
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  Authors: Maxwell A. Cameron, Veronica Hurtado, Paolo Sosa-Villagarcia, Marsílea Gombata
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Health care system preparedness did not correlate consistently with policy performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Brazil and Peru, the preparedness of health care systems was inversely related to the perceived political risks associated with the spread of COVID-19. Lack of preparedness of the Peruvian health care system heightened fears of a system crash and thus encouraged a more stringent initial response by President Martín Vizcarra, the political actor both most accountable and able to act. In Brazil, the combination of a robust health care system and the highly fragmented political system enabled President Jair Bolsonaro to politicize the pandemic and prioritize economic growth while blaming his opponents for what he considered excessively costly public health measures.La preparación del sistema de atención de salud no se correlacionó de manera consistente con el desempeño de las políticas durante la pandemia de COVID-19. En Brasil y Perú, la preparación del sistema de salud estaba inversamente relacionada con los riesgos políticos percibidos asociados a la propagación de COVID-19. La falta de preparación del sistema de salud peruano aumentó los temores de un colapso del sistema de atención médica y, por lo tanto, dio lugar a una respuesta inicial más estricta por parte del presidente Martín Vizcarra, el actor político más responsable y capaz de actuar. En Brasil, la combinación de un sistema de salud robusto y un sistema político altamente fragmentado permitieron que el presidente Jair Bolsonaro politizara la pandemia y priorizara el crecimiento económico mientras culpaba a sus oponentes por lo que consideraba medidas de salud pública excesivamente costosas.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-06-13T09:07:32Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231179931
The Right to Live in Peace: Musical Responses to Violence in the 2019
Chilean Uprising
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  Authors: Daniel Party
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Two protest songs created within the first month of the 2019 Chilean uprising were intended as explicit statements against violence and in favor of peace, but they voiced different understandings of violence and proposed different ways out of the conflict. The artists behind each song argued that their recordings were nonpartisan, cutting across traditional left-right divides. The songs’ use and reception, however, shows that for Chilean audiences these songs conveyed a clear political cleavage through their lyrics, music, and audiovisual content. More broadly, consideration of music in the Chilean uprising foregrounds the ways in which the uses of music have changed since the classic era of protest song of the 1960s and 1970s.Dos canciones de protesta creadas en el primer mes del levantamiento chileno de 2019 pretendían ser declaraciones explícitas contra la violencia y a favor de la paz, pero expresaban distintas interpretaciones de la violencia y propusieron diferentes formas de salir del conflicto. Los artistas detrás de cada canción argumentaron que sus grabaciones no eran partidistas, cortando así a través de las tradicionales divisiones de izquierda y derecha. El uso y recepción de las canciones, sin embargo, muestra que, para el público chileno, dichas piezas transmitían una clara división política a través de sus letras, música y contenido audiovisual. En términos más generales, considerar el aspecto musical en el levantamiento chileno pone en relieve las formas en que los usos de la música han cambiado desde la era clásica de la canción de protesta de las décadas del sesenta y setenta.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-06-13T09:05:59Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231176781
Development and Well¯being: Maritime Infrastructure and Ocean Grabbing on
the Colombian Pacific Coast
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  Authors: Tobias Franz, Diana Gómez, C. Julián Idrobo, Olga Corzo
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The Colombian government’s proposal for the Tribugá Port project puts in evidence the juxtaposition of dominant approaches to development and place-based well-being strategies of local communities. The extension of the national maritime infrastructure network follows mainstream development narratives centered around the spatial reorganization and expansion of capitalism to cater to the needs of industrial and commercial accumulation. Ethno-development plans and interviews indicate that local well-being initiatives rooted in local livelihoods, identity, culture, and environmental conservation form the basis for resisting the Tribugá Port project. Such well-being perspectives not only provide a different understanding of development but also are likely to lead to a different outcome because they foster inclusive and sustainable processes and a sense of solidarity, self-determination, and self-management of resources.La propuesta del gobierno colombiano para el proyecto del Puerto de Tribugá pone en evidencia la yuxtaposición de enfoques dominantes para el desarrollo y las estrategias de bienestar implementadas en los sitios de comunidades locales. La extensión de la red nacional de infraestructura marítima sigue las narrativas principales de desarrollo centradas en la reorganización espacial y la expansión del capitalismo para satisfacer las necesidades de la acumulación industrial y comercial. Los planes de etnodesarrollo y las entrevistas indican que las iniciativas locales de bienestar arraigadas en medios de vida locales, la identidad, la cultura y la conservación del medio ambiente forman la base para resistir el proyecto del Puerto de Tribugá. Tales perspectivas de bienestar no solo proporcionan una comprensión diferente del desarrollo, sino que también es probable que conduzcan a un resultado diferente porque fomentan procesos inclusivos y sustentables, así como un sentido de solidaridad, autodeterminación y autogestión de los recursos.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-06-10T06:19:02Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231176782
Film Review: Rompan todo Offers Another Story to the History of Rock Music
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  Authors: Jacqueline Avila
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-06-09T06:17:53Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231180853
The Independent Electronic Music Party Scene/Circuit in São Paulo: A
Panorama of the 2010s
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  Authors: Simone Luci Pereira, Oziel Gheirart
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The independent electronic music scene/circuit in São Paulo—techno, house, and their subgenres—migrated from clubs to street parties or locations in central areas of the city in the 2010s. This scene/circuit has a strong political bias, focusing on the uses of urban spaces, LGBTQIA+ rights, corporeality, and aestheticization. Ethnographic study of the activities of four collectives highlights their ways of occupying and claiming the right to the city and the diversity and temporal dynamics of the circuit.A cena/circuito e música eletrônica independente em São Paulo (tecno, house e suas vertentes), migrou dos clubes para as festas em ruas ou locações em áreas centrais da cidade na década de 2010. Esta cena possui forte viés político ressaltando os usos dos espaços urbanos, os direitos LGBTQIA+, as corporalidades e estetizações. Evidencia-se a centralidade da música e sua dimensão comunicacional e política: dança, corpo e identidades aliadas à construção de modos de estar juntos e ocupar a cidade. A metodologia centra-se na etnografia de quatro coletivos e suas festas em suas formas colaborativas/autogestionárias e maneiras de ocupar e reivindicar o direito à cidade e a diversidade e dinâmica temporal do circuito.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-05-16T08:50:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231172437
Rap and Brazilian Popular Music as Movements of Social Protest in Brazil
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  Authors: Hellen Oliveira
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  A social and historical reconstruction based on music observes the contemporary arrangement of Brazilian rap, its role in current social movements, and how its productions inform social and political relations in Brazil.Uma reconstrução social e histórica a partir da música observa-se o arranjo contemporâneo do rap brasileiro, sua implicação nos movimentos sociais atuais, e como suas produções informam sobre as relações sociais e políticas no Brasil.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-05-16T08:43:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231171377
Reply
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  Authors: Steve Ellner
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-05-06T09:14:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231172568
Rejoinder
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  Authors: Jiang Shixue
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-05-03T12:11:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231172594
Son jarocho urbano: A Sonic Shield in an Ambience of Dread
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  Authors: Anthony W. Rasmussen
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  In Mexico City, son jarocho is a traditional music and dance form widely associated with nonviolent political activism. During the massive protests in response to the abduction of 43 students in 2014, the Jaranero Contingent for Ayotzinapa, a collective of son jarocho practitioners, presented the public with a counterhegemonic performance of history by “tuning” its traditional repertoire to frame contemporary struggles. By mobilizing its improvisatory discipline, it constructed a dialogue with the march itself—harnessing the sonic potential of the streets to reframe sites of collective memory.El son jarocho es una forma tradicional de música y danza que, en la Ciudad de México, se asocia ampliamente con el activismo político no violento. Durante las protestas masivas en respuesta al secuestro de 43 estudiantes en 2014, el Contingente Jaranero para Ayotzinapa, un colectivo de practicantes de son jarocho, presentaron al público una interpretación contrahegemónica de la historia al “afinar” su repertorio tradicional para enmarcar las luchas contemporáneas. Al movilizar su disciplina improvisadora construyeron un diálogo con la marcha misma, aprovechando el potencial sonoro de las calles para replantear los sitios de memoria colectiva.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-04-15T09:59:37Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231166650
The U.S.-Mexican Border and Music as a “Border Crosser”
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  Authors: Judith Adler Hellman
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The ever-changing, always porous Mexican-U.S. border region has long been the site of intense and productive cultural and political exchange of every kind, particularly with respect to music. Today, mariachi performance in the United States provides a counternarrative to the discourse of anti-immigrant, anti-Mexican hate language deployed by Donald Trump and his supporters. Accordingly, the rapid spread of interest and proficiency in the production of mariachi music performed by Latino and non-Latino students in schools across the Southwest and as far northeast as New England can be thought of as a kind of social movement. Two case studies—the first a program developed by a Mexican American instructor working predominantly with Mexican American children in an overwhelmingly Anglo town in Connecticut and the second serving an ethnically diverse elementary school in Central New York State where neither the instructor nor more than a few current students are Latino—suggest the potential of this movement for breaking down ethnic and racial barriers.El siempre cambiante y siempre poroso espacio de la frontera México-Estados Unidos ha sido, durante mucho tiempo, el sitio de un intenso y productivo intercambio cultural y político de todo tipo, particularmente con respecto a la música. Hoy en día, las actuaciones de mariachis en los Estados Unidos nos brindan una contranarrativa al discurso del lenguaje de odio antiinmigrante y antimexicano desplegado por Donald Trump y sus partidarios. En consecuencia, la rápida difusión del interés y la creciente competencia en la producción de música de mariachi interpretada por estudiantes latinos y no latinos en escuelas de todo el suroeste de los Estados Unidos y tan al noreste como Nueva Inglaterra puede considerarse una especie de movimiento social. Dos estudios de caso, el primero un programa desarrollado por un instructor mexicoamericano que trabaja predominantemente con niños mexicoamericanos en una ciudad abrumadoramente anglosajona en Connecticut, y el segundo involucrando a una escuela primaria étnicamente diversa en el centro del estado de Nueva York, donde ni el instructor ni la mayor parte de los estudiantes actuales son latinos, sugieren el potencial de este movimiento para romper barreras étnicas y raciales.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-04-11T11:13:32Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231166627
Commentary: Defusing the Myths about China’s Relations with Latin
America
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  Authors: Jiang Shixue
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-04-04T06:21:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231163820
The Human Rights Crisis in Mexico: Human Trafficking and Information
Management
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  Authors: Adriana González Veloz, Luis Gabriel Arango Pinto
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  An analysis of news items on human trafficking in Mexico published in digital newspaper portals and electronic versions of newspapers with national circulation concludes that the issue is of little interest to the media; the dissemination of information on the topic is limited and superficial and lacking in new data. The media reproduce vague perceptions of the phenomenon of human trafficking because they essentially reflect disagreements over the concepts, methodologies, and figures as handled by specialists. The reproduction of human rights violations in the journalistic items themselves (such as the mediatic display of the people involved in an event) is also noticeable.Un análisis de las noticias sobre la trata de personas en México publicadas en portales de periódicos digitales y versiones electrónicas de periódicos con circulación nacional concluye que el tema es de poco interés para los medios de comunicación. La difusión de información sobre el tema es limitada y superficial y carece de nuevos datos. Los medios de comunicación reproducen percepciones vagas en torno al fenómeno de la trata de personas porque esencialmente reflejan desacuerdos sobre los conceptos, metodologías y cifras manejadas por especialistas. La reproducción de violaciones a los derechos humanos en los propios artículos periodísticos (por ejemplo, la exhibición mediática de las personas involucradas en un evento) también es de notar.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-04-03T09:28:33Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231163153
Chilean Exiles at El Sueño Existe: Liminality and Communitas in a
Commemorative Space
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  Authors: Ignacio Rivera
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Examination of the experience of a group of Chilean exiles participating in El Sueño Existe, a contemporary Welsh festival inspired by the work of the Chilean artist Víctor Jara, suggests that by allowing Chileans to observe and experience social, material, and symbolic dynamics that suspend certain norms of everyday life, the festival helps them to construct a symbolic bridge between the past and the present, between “them” and “us,” and to formulate a critique of certain political power structures.Una examinación de la experiencia de un grupo de exiliados chilenos que participan en El Sueño Existe, un festival galés contemporáneo inspirado en la obra del artista chileno Víctor Jara, sugiere que al permitir a los chilenos observar y experimentar dinámicas sociales, materiales y simbólicas que suspenden ciertas normas de la vida cotidiana, dicho festival les ayuda a construir un puente simbólico entre el pasado y el presente, entre “ellos” y “nosotros”, y formular una crítica de ciertas estructuras de poder político.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-04-03T06:15:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231166409
A New Dawn or a False Hope for Mexico’s Left' Overcoming Neoliberal
Legacies in an Uncertain World
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  Authors: Verónica Silva
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-03-24T09:21:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231164127
The Heterogeneity of the Mexican Revolution and the Loss of Its Mystical
Appeal
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  Authors: Steve Ellner
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-03-23T09:55:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231164102
In Memoriam: Susanne Jonas (1941–2022)
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  Authors: Marjorie W. Bray
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-03-23T09:53:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231163176
Not a Mexican Pink Tide: The AMLO Administration and the Neoliberal Left
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  Authors: Ramón I. Centeno
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  For the first time, Mexico has a presidential administration that defines itself as “post-neoliberal,” but, although the government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador is the most powerful the young Mexican democracy has ever seen, it is far from dismantling neoliberalism. It is a failed progressivism, and therefore it makes no sense to conceptualize it as “leftist.”Por primera vez, México tiene una administración presidencial que se define a sí misma como “posneoliberal” pero, aunque el gobierno de Andrés Manuel López Obrador es el más poderoso que la joven democracia mexicana haya visto, está lejos de desmantelar el neoliberalismo. Se trata de un progresismo fallido, y por lo tanto no tiene sentido conceptualizarlo como “izquierdista”.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-03-23T09:52:50Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231163138
Book Review: The Ambiguity and Complexity of Mexico’s Indigenismo
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  Authors: Steve Ellner
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-03-21T11:56:36Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231163591
Book Review: Cuban and U.S. Immigration Inequality
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  Authors: Ronald H. Chilcote
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-03-17T12:51:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231164107
Book Review: Myths and Half-Truths about Mexico in the Late Twentieth
Century
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  Authors: Steve Ellner
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-03-17T12:50:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231163596
“Water Pays for Water”: Sonora, An Affluent of National
Privatization
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  Authors: Fernanda Ibarra, Ramón I. Centeno
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  A status quo has been structured in Mexico that prioritizes the commercial value of water over its socio-environmental value. Sonora is a typical case of the transfer of a common good to the private sphere. The communities historically linked to the two major affluents in the region, the Río Yaqui and the Río Sonora, have experienced this trend firsthand. There, as in the rest of Mexico, a water market has emerged that has led to de facto privatization benefiting the bourgeoisie.En México se ha estructurado un status quo que prioriza el valor comercial del agua sobre su socioambiental. Sonora es un caso típico de transferencia de un bien común a la esfera privada. Las comunidades históricamente vinculadas a los dos principales afluentes de la región, el Río Yaqui y el Río Sonora, han experimentado esta tendencia de primera mano. Allí, como en otras partes de México, ha surgido un mercado del agua que ha llevado a una privatización de facto que beneficia a la burguesía.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-03-16T12:00:46Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231159912
Neoliberal Resource Nationalism: The Scramble for Mexico’s
Hydrocarbons
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  Authors: Tamara A. Wattnem
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  PEMEX, Mexico’s state oil company, was fiercely defended against privatization proposals throughout most of Mexico’s neoliberalization process, even as hundreds of state-owned enterprises were privatized, for two major reasons. First, the state increasingly came to depend on oil income to guarantee its fiscal needs, and this allowed it to postpone a tax reform, to the benefit of economic elites. Second, the meaning of oil in Mexican political culture partially shielded the energy sector from privatization attempts. Paying attention to the state’s fiscal interests, resource nationalism, domestic elite interests, and the meaning with which economic sectors are imbued adds explanatory leverage to our understanding of neoliberalism’s variegated implementation.Aun cuando cientos de empresas estatales fueron privatizadas, PEMEX, la compañía petrolera estatal de México, contó con una feroz defensa frente a las propuestas de privatización durante la mayor parte del proceso de neoliberalización mexicano. Esto obedeció a dos razones principales. La primera es que el Estado llegó a depender cada vez más de los ingresos petroleros para garantizar sus necesidades fiscales, asunto que le permitió posponer una reforma fiscal en beneficio de las élites económicas. La segunda es que el significado del petróleo en la cultura política mexicana protegió parcialmente al sector energético de los intentos de privatización. Si prestamos atención a los intereses fiscales del Estado, el discurso nacionalista en torno a los recursos, los intereses de las élites nacionales y el significado con el que están imbuidos los sectores económicos tendremos un entendimiento más completo de la variada implementación del neoliberalismo.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-27T08:00:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231155857
The State, Accumulation, and Oaxaca’s Earthquake Survivors: Three
Mechanisms of Inequality
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  Authors: Alessandro Morosin
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Ethnographic field interviews collected in three municipalities of Oaxaca explain how the Mexican state’s response to the Chiapas earthquake facilitated capital accumulation while intensifying indigenous-campesino grievances against megaprojects and resource extraction. State policies in Oaxaca’s Isthmus of Tehuantepec during the fall of 2017 reinforced social inequality by way of three key mechanisms: neglect, dispossession, and pacification. Making sense of the way state institutions exercised power during this disaster benefits from combining a critical perspective on global capitalism with long-standing frameworks of cultural genocide and internal colonialism.Las entrevistas de campo etnográficas recogidas en tres municipios de Oaxaca nos muestran cómo la respuesta del Estado mexicano al terremoto de Chiapas facilitó la acumulación de capital al mismo tiempo que intensificó las quejas de campesinos indígenas contra los megaproyectos y la extracción de recursos. Las políticas estatales en el istmo de Tehuantepec en Oaxaca durante el otoño de 2017 reforzaron la desigualdad social a través de tres mecanismos clave: abandono, despojo y pacificación. Para poder dar sentido a la forma en que las instituciones estatales ejercieron el poder durante este desastre es importante combinar una perspectiva crítica sobre el capitalismo global y marcos teóricos de larga data en torno al genocidio cultural y el colonialismo interno.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-20T01:17:18Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231154265
Left Government Strategies toward Business Groups and the Outcomes: The
Mexican and Venezuelan Cases
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  Authors: Steve Ellner
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The progressive governments of Andrés Manuel López Obrador in Mexico and Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela followed a strategy of selective treatment to win over some businesspeople and neutralize others in order to weaken the opposition of a hostile business class. This approach had advantages and downsides. It succeeded in gaining support from business representatives for government initiatives in moments of difficulty and crisis and reducing the firepower of the commercial media. It was also, however, conducive to corruption. Many nonhostile businesspeople proved to be unreliable allies as they ended up withdrawing their support for the government. These capitalists were a far cry from the progressive “national bourgeoisie” with which Communists and other leftists attempted to form alliances in the twentieth century, but proestablishment actors attacked many of them, including such leading capitalists as Gustavo Cisneros in Venezuela and Ricardo Salinas in Mexico, who in some cases were considered “traitors.” In Mexico, major businesspeople before and after the left’s rise to power played a more overtly political role than, for the most part, in Venezuela. Chávez attempted to define the behavior of progressive businesspeople, which included limits on profits, and also promoted the formation of politically progressive business organizations.Los gobiernos progresistas de Andrés Manuel López Obrador en México, y Hugo Chávez y Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela, siguieron una estrategia de trato selectivo para ganarse la confianza de algunos empresarios y neutralizar a otros con el fin de debilitar la oposición de parte de una clase empresarial hostil. Este enfoque implicó tanto ventajas como desventajas. Logró obtener el apoyo de los representantes empresariales para iniciativas gubernamentales en momentos de dificultad y crisis, así como reducir el impacto negativo de los medios de comunicación comerciales. Sin embargo, también dio lugar a la corrupción. Muchos empresarios no hostiles resultaron ser aliados poco confiables y, eventualmente, retiraron su apoyo al gobierno. Estos capitalistas estaban muy lejos de constituir la “burguesía nacional” progresista con la que los comunistas y otros izquierdistas intentaron formar alianzas en el siglo XX. Sin embargo, actores a favor del status quo atacaron a muchos de ellos, incluidos capitalistas prominentes como Gustavo Cisneros en Venezuela y Ricardo Salinas en México, quienes, en algunos casos, fueron vistos como “traidores”. En México, los principales empresarios antes y después del ascenso de la izquierda al poder desempeñaron un papel más abiertamente político de lo que ocurrió, mayoritariamente, en Venezuela. Chávez intentó definir el comportamiento de los empresarios progresistas, lo cual incluyó poner un límite a sus ganancias, y también promovió la formación de organizaciones empresariales políticamente progresistas.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-18T08:02:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231153875
Film Review: Malvinas Female Veterans: Traveling through Memories
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  Authors: Paula Salerno
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-15T12:34:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231155851
Territorial Dispossession in Mexico: Mining and the New Latifundism
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  Authors: Aideé Tassinari
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Three multibillionaire-owned consortia in Mexico—Carlos Slim Helu’s Minera Frisco, Germán Larrea’s Grupo México, and Alberto Baillères’s Industrias Peñoles—have played a leading role in the process of accumulation through dispossession by perpetrating violence against indigenous and peasant communities in the form of the expulsion of thousands of people from their land, attacks on their security, health and ways of life, environmental depredation, fraud, criminalization, and murder. Examination of media reports of the most recent socio-environmental conflicts and corporate documents reveals the tension between profit accumulation through dispossession and territorial depredation in mining and various forms of resistance.Los consorcios multimillonarios mexicanos—Minera Frisco de Carlos Slim Helu, Grupo México de Germán Larrea e Industrias Peñoles de Alberto Baillères—han desempeñado un papel protagónico en el proceso de acumulación a través del despojo efectuado a través de la perpetración de actos de violencia contra las comunidades indígenas y campesinas. Esto se ha manifestado en la expulsión de miles de personas de sus tierras, ataques a su seguridad, salud y formas de vida, así como depredación ambiental, fraude, criminalización y asesinato. Un análisis de los informes hechos por los medios de comunicación en torno a los conflictos socioambientales más recientes así como de documentos corporativos revela la tensión existente entre la acumulación de ganancias a través del despojo y la depredación territorial en el rubro de la minería, al igual que diversas formas de resistencia.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-10T06:29:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231154225
Young Tzeltal Migrants from the Ejido to California’s Cities
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  Authors: Tania Cruz-Salazar
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The meaning of “youth” is changing among young Tzeltal migrants from Chiapas, Mexico, living in the U.S. state of California. Migration improves young people’s condition in terms of work, leisure time, and cultural consumption. A study based on ethnographic data, interviews, questionnaires, and participant observation undertaken in 2011, 2013, and 2016 shows how the material resources to which these migrants have access are directed toward building a unique youth style based on aesthetics and language that can be called the “Tzeltal jungle cowboy.”El significado del concepto “juventud” está cambiando entre los jóvenes migrantes tzeltales de Chiapas, México, que viven en el estado de California en Estados Unidos. La migración mejora las condiciones de vida de los jóvenes debido a su acceso al trabajo, tiempo libre y consumo cultural. Un estudio hecho en base a datos etnográficos, entrevistas, cuestionarios y observación participante realizado en 2011, 2013 y 2016 nos muestra cómo los recursos materiales a los que tienen acceso estos migrantes se dirigen a construir un estilo juvenil único basado en la estética y el lenguaje que podría denominarse el “vaquero Tzeltal de la selva”.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-10T06:28:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231154218
Wages, Price, and Profit: Protection and Value Capture in the Mercosur
Automotive Industry
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  Authors: Alejandro Fitzsimons, Sebastián Guevara
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  The expansion of the automotive industry in Argentina and Brazil and its regional integration can be attributed to determinants that differentiate them from other contemporary regionalization processes. Their limited scales of production, outmoded technology, and lower productivity levels than the average in the world market and the inward orientation of regional industry are shared characteristics of the two national processes of capital accumulation, which are still organized around the appropriation by industrial capital of a portion of the substantial ground rent available.La expansión de la industria automotriz en Argentina y Brasil, así como su integración regional, pueden atribuirse a determinantes que las diferencian de otros procesos de regionalización contemporáneos. Sus limitadas escalas de producción, la tecnología anticuada y niveles de productividad más bajos que el promedio en el mercado mundial, así como la orientación interna de la industria regional, son características compartidas por ambos procesos nacionales de acumulación de capital, los cuáles todavía se encuentran organizados en torno a la apropiación, por parte del capital industrial, de una parte de la renta sustancial disponible.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-10T06:26:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231153146
Center-Left Parties and Developmental Regimes in Latin America: Assessing
the Role of Democracy
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  Authors: Pedro Perfeito da Silva, Julia Veiga Vieira Mancio Bandeira
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  Comparison of the paths of two countries with developmental regimes led by left-of-center parties, Chile and Mexico, shows that the democratic regime, Chile’s, had better social indicators than its authoritarian counterpart at the price of slower industrialization.Comparação das trajetórias de dois países com regimes desenvolvimentistas dirigidos por partidos do centro-esquerda no Chile e México demostra que o regime democrâtico chileno teve maiores indicadores sociais que sua contraparte autoritária às custas de uma industrialização mais lenta.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-10T06:25:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X231153139
Brazil and the “Bolsonaro Phenomenon”: Politics, the Economy, and the
COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019–2020
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  Authors: Gustavo Moura de Oliveira, Marília Verissimo Veronese
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  From a document corpus taken from leading journals recording the discourses and actions of President Jair Bolsonaro and his team in managing the economy, politics, and the COVID-19 pandemic, it is more than clear that this administration refuses to play by the rules of the democratic game. There is a close relationship between the authoritarian administration and the naturalization of a logic that prioritizes market interests above all, producing an ultra-neoliberalism that not only operates within the economic and financial sphere but also produces antidemocratic modes of social subjectivity.Segundo um corpus de documentos proveniente dos jornais principais que registravam os discursos e ações do Presidente Jair Bolsonaro e seu equipe com respeito a sua gerência da economia, da polítca e da pandemia do COVID-19, fica muito claro que este governo se recusa a cumprir as regras do jogo democrático. Ademais, existe uma relação íntima entre o governo autoritário e a uniformização de uma lógica que prioriza os interesses do mercado sobre todo, produzindo um ultra-neoliberalismo que não somente opera dentro da esféra econômica e financeira mas também gera modos antidemocráticos de subjetividade social.
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-02T10:41:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X221147597
Communities of Resistance along the Border
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  Authors: David Bacon
  Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Latin American Perspectives
  PubDate: 2023-02-02T05:14:02Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0094582X221149440