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Journal of Sugarcane Research
Number of Followers: 11

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2249-927X - ISSN (Online) 2582-4767
Published by Indian Council of Agricultural Research

[16 journals]

Emerging diseases of sugarcane and new disease management strategies
- Authors: Rasappa Viswanathan
  Pages: 01 - 15
  Abstract: In India, sugarcane is affected by various diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and phytoplasmas. Favourable environment for the crop growth also favours build-up of diseases and many disease epidemics have caused serious crop losses in different states. Severe epidemics of red rot, smut and wilt have resulted in withdrawal of several elite varieties from cultivation. Apart from these diseases, several other diseases once considered as 'minor diseases' gained momentum in the recent decades and became serious threat to sugarcane cultivation in India. Increased severities of twisted top (Pokkah boeng), brown rust and brown spot were reported from different states. These diseases must be tackled immediately either by withdrawing the affected varieties or taking up appropriate disease management measures. Virus diseases occur throughout sugarcane growing states with severe crop losses due to ignorance about the disease or wrong perception that they do not cause serious damage to sugarcane. In addition, varietal degeneration caused by the non-fungal diseases has been a major threat to cane cultivation in the country. Hence, healthy seed cane nurseries based on meristem culture combined with molecular diagnosis became more relevant to rejuvenate the elite varieties affected by varietal degeneration. The review focuses on emerging diseases that pose challenges to cane cultivation in India and overall disease management strategies to be adopted to successfully manage the diseases.
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.1.12.1-15
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)
Principal component and cluster analyses based on morphological
characterization in sugarcane
- Authors: Srinivasan Alarmelu, Hemaprabha Govinda Kurup
  Pages: 16 - 31
  Abstract: Morphological descriptors are important to breeders, researchers and sugarcane growers for practical and scientiﬁc purposes and for the protection of new varieties and maintenance of genetic purity and uniformity in a variety. The popular and released sugarcane varieties for peninsular zone from ICAR-SBI were characterized using descriptors. Morphological observations of 21 sugarcane cultivars viz., Co 86032, Co 99004, Co 94008, Co 0209, Co 0212, Co 0304, Co 0310, Co 0312, Co 0314,Co 2001-13, Co 2001-15, Co 06029, Co 10024, Co 10025, Co 10026, Co 10027, Co 12009, Co 14026, Co 15005, Co 16006 and Co 16008 was carried out on 20 growth characters viz., plant habit, leaf canopy, trashing nature, auricle, dewlap, ligule, internode and node etc., Among them, 7 were dimorphic and 13 were found to be polymorphic. The dendrogram based on UPGMA using morphological characters, grouped twenty one sugarcane cultivars into ﬁve groups. The principal component analysis of 20 characters showed that the total variation contributed to PCA simpliﬁes twenty qualitative traits into twenty PC axes with eigen value > 1 and with cumulative variance of 65.30 %, remaining components with eigen value < 1 contributed to 35.72 % of the variability. The information about morphological variations in this study suggests that morphological characters are very important for identifying sugarcane cultivar variations and for understanding closeness of their parents. The varieties under study recorded a wide range of variation for most of the morphological traits can be utilized for further crop improvement programmes and also as a practical guide for breeders.
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.1.12.16-31
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)
Evaluation of full-sib sugarcane families for cane yield potential through
Random Coefficient Model (RCM) analysis
- Authors: R.Vigneshwari, Shanthi R.M, Lakshmi Pathy T, Mohanraj K
  Pages: 32 - 40
  Abstract: Identiﬁcation of promising genotypes in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) breeding is achieved by multi-stage evaluation initiated by evaluation of thousands of seedlings derived from true seed and then vegetatively propagated. Family selection for cane yield in ground nursery is done through weighing cane yield / plot, which is laborious and expensive. In recent times, various statistical tools have been applied for overcoming the constraints in family selection at single stool stage. A population of 1,800 seedlings derived from ﬁfteen bi-parental crosses involving Indian Co canes and Erianthus introgressed hybrids were evaluated in seedling stage. A subset comprised of 450 clones selected from the single stool stage was evaluated in the ﬁrst clonal trial. Random Coeﬃcient Model (RCM)was employed to predict the promising families contributing a greater number of high yielding clones using the cane yield data recorded in the early stages of selection viz., single stool and ﬁrst clonal crop stages. The hybrids of the ﬁve elite parental combinations viz., Co 86011 x CoT 8201, Co 8371 x Co 86011, Co 86002 x CoC 671, Co 62198 x Co 8353 and GU04(28) E02 self x Co 0314 identiﬁed through RCM analysis showed an improvement of 41.86 % higher cane yield than the clones in the average families (Co 85002 x Co 8209, CoM 0265 x Co 0314, Co 8371 x Co 94008, Co 11015 x Co 775 andGU04 (50) RE6 x Co 94008). The positive slope values estimated by the RCM method for the superior crosses highly correlated with the proportion of elite cane yielding clones in the plant crop trial.
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.1.12.32-40
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)
Cluster and principal component analyses for assessment of genetic
diversity in Saccharum spontaneum
- Authors: Vinu V, Lakshmi Pathy T, Adhini S Pazhany, Karthigeyan S
  Pages: 41 - 51
  Abstract: Forty three Saccharum spontaneum accessions were evaluated using eighteen drought tolerance related traits. The Euclidean based dendrogram divided the accessions into three different clusters. Euclidean distances ranged from 7.65 to 140.23. The maximum distance was reported between the accessions IND 99-849 and IND03- 1247. From the PCA analysis, it is observed that 47.03% of the total variation was accounted by the ﬁrst two principal components. The variables factor map visualized that stalk height at 90 days and stalk height during stress were the two important variables contributing maximum to the total variation. In the case of Euclidean distance based clustering cluster I included drought tolerant accessions while it was cluster II and III for PCA based clustering accessions viz., IND 99-847, IND 08-1500, IND 08-1491, IND 99-984, IND 02-1186 etc. were identiﬁed as promising under drought condition. These accessions can be utilized in the sugarcane improvement programmes for abiotic stress tolerance. The understanding of genetic diversity present in germplasm is important for their proper utilization, management and conservation.
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.1.12.41-51
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)
Cloning of NAC 1 gene from Erianthus arundinaceus and development of
transformation vector for sugarcane
- Authors: Jini Narayanan, Lakshmi Kasirajan, Ram Vannish, Karthigeyan S, Selvi Athiappan, Gomathi Raju, R. Manimekalai
  Pages: 52 - 62
  Abstract: Genetic engineering approach is a viable method to impart abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. The genomic compatability between Saccharum and related genera allows for broader application in sugarcane improvement programme in terms of improved hybrid productivity and adaptability. NAC tf (NAM ATAF CUC transcription factor) was found to be one of the most stress responsive transcription factors consisting of consortium of genes acting against both abiotic and biotic stress. Several studies have proved the involvement of NAC protein in imparting stress tolerance. Based on their response to abiotic stimuli, a set of NAC genes have been designated as Stress associated NAC (SNACs). We have sequenced NAC1 gene from Erianthus sp-IK76- 91 which is a stress tolerant species closely related to sugarcane. A 1.8 kb fragment was ampliﬁed in oxidative stress tolerant Erianthus using NAC1 speciﬁc primers. Gene construct was developed with binary vector pRI and the isolated gene was sequenced. BLASTn analysis of recombinant pRI 909 showed 88.61% homology with the Sorghum bicolor NAC1 gene. The oxidative stress responsive pRI::EaNAC construct developed can be further utilised to transform high yielding susceptible sugarcane varieties to beneﬁt them in adapting to multiple abiotic stresses.
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.1.12.52-62
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)
Analysis of genetic diversity and correlation in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.
L) clones in North-West zone of Uttar Pradesh
- Authors: Devendra Kumar, Nirmal, Laxman Ram Meena, Lalit K. Meena, Amrit Lal Meena, Raghavendra KJ, Arpan Bhowmik
  Pages: 63 - 74
  Abstract: In order to assess the genetic diversity and character association, nine early maturing sugarcane clones were studied in 2015-16 and 2016-17 crop seasons under inorganic environment in summer planting regime. The results of the experiment revealed that variety CoPk 05191 had greater genetic distance from CoS 03251 (239.401), CoLk 11201 (227.923) and UP 05125 (201.355), medium genetic distance was between Co 98014 and Co 11201 (224. 618), Co 98014 and UP 05125 (179.927), and Co 98014 and CoS 03251 (178.029). The hybridization between the aforesaid combinations of clone scan produce heterotic and transgressive genotypes with higher cane and sugar yield. The cane yield showed strong positive and highly signiﬁcant correlation with cane height (r=0.948**), single cane weight (r=0.817**), number of millable canes (r=0.748**), and green top yield (r=0.653**). Being highly correlated with cane yield, the characters like cane height, cane weight, NMC and green top weight need special focus while making selection for higher cane and sugar yield.
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.1.12.63-74
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)
Response of sugarcane genotypes to varying planting environments under two
distinct agro-climatic zones of Punjab, India
- Authors: Sudhir Kumar Mishra, Jashandeep Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Harkanwaljot Singh, Pavneet Kaur Kingra, Vikrant Singh, Barun Biswas
  Pages: 75 - 84
  Abstract: Sugarcane, an important sugar producing crop provides raw materials for sugar industries hence, creates employment for the human population. In India, sugarcane planting has large sowing window starting from autumn (October-November) to spring season (February- March/April). To determine the optimum planting time of sugarcane cultivars, a field experiment was conducted during 2017-18 at two diverse locations (Faridkot and Gurdaspur) of Punjab, in split plot design having three planting dates (February 25th, March 25th and April 25th) in main plots and four sugarcane cultivars (CoPb 91, CoJ 88, Co 0118 and Co 0238) in sub-plots with 3 replications. Results described that the sugarcane crop planted on February 25 produced more tillers that resulted in maximum millable canes (i.e., 113.8 '000 / ha at Faridkot and 107.3 '000 / ha at Gurdaspur, respectively). At both sites, maximum cane yield of 128.4 and 136.3 t / ha was recorded under the February 25 planted crop, which was 15.5 and 18.4 % more than March 25 and 31.2 and 36.9% higher than the April 25 planted crop, respectively. At both locations, the higher cane yield (128.4 and 136.3 t / ha) under February 25 planted crop might be attributed to improved yield parameters such as more millable canes (113.8 and 107.3'000/ha), higher single cane weight (1.2 and 1.4kg) and better quality attributes viz., extraction (55.9 and 56.1%), brix (18.5 and 18.6%), sucrose (16.5 and 16.8%), purity (89.3 and 90.5%) and commercial cane sugar (11.5 and 11.8%). Stable sugarcane yield of Co 0238 was obtained in agro climatic zone II, while CoJ 88 was very uniform in agro climatic zone IV, so these varieties can be selected for cultivation in respective agro climatic zones of Punjab. Therefore, variety CoJ 88 is suitable for Faridkot and Co 0238 for Gurdaspur. In contrast, Co 0118 showed very inconsistent performance at both regions.
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.1.12.75-84
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)
Impact of waterlogging stress on juice quality in sugarcane cultivated in
tropical India
- Authors: R. Gomathi, K.Chandran, R. Arun Kumar, Alagupalamuthirsolai M, V. Krishnapriya
  Pages: 85 - 91
  Abstract: Juice quality and nutrient status were studied in different maturity stages of 16 sugarcane clones under normal and water-logged conditions in two cropping seasons. In both the cropping seasons, the brix of juice showed an increasing trend towards maturity (18.78 to 20.23%), while sucrose content in juice reached its maximum in the 11th month (17.78%) and declined in the 12th month (16.71%). Reducing sugar varied from 0.45 to 2.15%, and out of 16 clones studied, seven recorded less than 1.0% reducing sugars under water logged conditions. The clones that showed higher brix and sucrose content registered lesser values of reducing sugars and vice-versa. Juice electrical conductivity varied from 0.90 (88 WL 2137 and 98 WL 1357) to 1.80 (88 WL 1072), while pH of the juice did not show signiﬁcant variation among clones. Under water logging conditions, nitrogen and potassium content in juice signiﬁcantly varied among the clones, while phosphorous content did not show signiﬁcant variation. In both planting seasons, the clones WL 1061, 92 WL 1029, 93 WL 1297, 97 WL 633, 99 WL 379, and 91 WL 629 recorded comparatively better juice quality parameters under water logged conditions similar to that of resistant standards (Co 62175 and Co 8231).
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.1.12.85-91
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)
A reappraisal of internode borer (Chilo sacchariphagus indicus) impact on
sugarcane
- Authors: J Srikanth, N Geetha, M. Punithavalli, P. Mahesh, L. Saravanan, B. Singaravelu, K P Salin, C. Yogambal
  Pages: 92 - 102
  Abstract: Damage due to internode borer Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane (cv Co 86032) was assessed at harvest in three crop seasons (2019-2022). Attacked canes were segregated into seven infestation categories based on single or multiple bore holes in top, middle and/or bottom portions. For each infested cane, number of internodes, number of bored internodes, cane length, cane diameter and cane weight were recorded and compared among infestation categories by ANOVA. In an independent sample of 6-month old attacked canes, length and diameter of attacked internodes and unattacked top and bottom internodes were recorded. The data were subjected to factorial analysis for growth parameters with internode position and borer status as two factors. Further, growth parameters of infested and healthy cane segments were compared using Student's t-test.Results of three-season field data indicated that percent of contribution of sample canes with multiple bore holes was generally lower than that of canes with single holes. Percent of intensity was significantly higher in canes with multiple bore holes than in canes with single bore hole. Internode number, cane diameter, cane length and cane weight did not differ among different categories of infested and uninfested canes. Per cent of intensity was generally not related to growth and yield parameters. Further, growth parameters such as length, diameter, surface area and volume of internodes, and weight, weight/unit area and weight/unit volume of cane segments were lower in affected canes than those in healthy canes. Borer attacked internodes became shorter and thinner than the lower unaffected internodes but the internodes forming above the affected ones showed recovery in length and diameter. The results of the study are discussed in relation to earlier published work and some future requirements are projected.
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.3.12.92-102
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)
Genetic variability for fodder quality traits among high biomass energy
cane feedstock under rainfed conditions
- Authors: Mintu Ram Meena, Govindaraj Perumal, Rajesh Kumar Meena, Arun Kumar Raja, Ravinder Kumar, M L Chhabra, S K Pandey Pandey, G. Hemaprabha Govind
  Pages: 103 - 111
  Abstract: Eighteen energy canes (Types I and II) were evaluated along with two popular varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767 under rainfed conditions of sub-tropical climate for their potential as fodder crop. The analysis of fodder quality parameters at the 10 month crop stage included crude protein content, dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility %, total digestible nutrients %, net energy of lactation, and digestible ﬁbre and energy. Sugarcane tops of type-I and type-II energy canes had similar crude protein percentages (5.95 % and 6.61 %). Energy canes; SBIEC 14002, SBIEC 11009, SBIEC 11003, SBIEC 13009, and SBIEC 11006 recorded dry matter intake % of 1.76%, 1.76%, 1.73% and 1.72%, 1.70% respectively, which was on par with sugarcane (1.71%). The digestible nutrient of SBIEC 11001 (49.43%) was higher than that of cultivated canes, whereas that of SBIEC 11009 (48.08%), SBIEC 11005 (48.64%) and SBIEC 14003 (48.50%) was similar to that of cultivated canes. The correlation coefficient between desirable fodder traits was calculated. A highly positive correlation (r=1.0) was observed among the ﬁve desirable traits, such as net available energy, metabolisable energy, dry matter digestibility, total digestible nutrient, and digestible energy, indicated there desirability for fodder value. Based on their traits, two-way cluster analysis separated Type-I and Type-II energy clones into two major groups. According to all parameters considered, energy-cane tops had acceptable fodder quality and were on par with cultivated sugarcane varieties.
  PubDate: 2023-08-27
  DOI: 10.37580/JSR.2022.1.12.103-111
  Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2023)