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The Journal of Research, PJTSAU
Number of Followers: 7

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2395-5945
Published by Indian Council of Agricultural Research

[16 journals]

PRECISION WATER AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR ENHANCING GROWTH AND YIELD OF
AEROBIC RICE UNDER DRIP SYSTEM
- Authors: B. BHAVANA; P. LAXMINARAYANA, R. MAHENDER KUMAR, K. SUREKHA, S. NARENDER REDDY M. YAKADRI
  Abstract: A Field experiment was conducted at Indian Institute of Rice research (IIRR) during rabi season of 2020 and 2021, with an objective to study the effect of precision water and nitrogen management on growth and yield of aerobic rice under drip system. Treatments included three irrigation management methods- {I1 (Drip irrigation 1.5 Epan in Flat bed system); I2 (Drip irrigation 1.5 Epan in Raised bed system) and I3 {Surface irrigation (up to saturation)}} and four precision nitrogen management practices- N1
  {Recommended practice (RDF)-(120:60:40 N P K kg ha-1)}; N2 {Green seeker (Optical sensor) based N application}; {N3 (LCC based N application) and N4(No Nitrogen)} replicated thrice. Results of experiment revealed that, among all the treatments, surface irrigation with LCC based nitrogen management was more beneficial in enhancing the growth and yield of aerobic rice. Among irrigation methods, higher values of growth parameters (mean of 2020 and 2021) at harvest such as, plant height (82.4 cm),
  leaf area index (3.98), dry matter accumulation (8344 kg ha-1), tillers m-2 (239), grain yield (4171 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4791 kg
  ha-1) were observed in surface irrigation which was on par with drip irrigation under raised beds (76.8 cm, 3.66, 7852 kg ha-1, 221,
  3738 kg ha-1 and 4209 kg ha-1). Higher values of plant height (85.5 cm), leaf area index (4.46), dry matter accumulation (8802 kg
  ha-1), tillers m-2 (233), grain yield (4230 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4885 kg ha-1) were recorded under LCC based N application
  followed by recommended practice among nitrogen management practices. The results of the study implied that, cultivating rice by adopting aerobic system under drip irrigation along with precision nitrogen management with LCC and greenseeker provides an opportunity to save the resources like water and nutrients to produce optimal yields.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
EVALUATION OF RICE GENOTYPES FOR SEED VIGOUR AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS
- Authors: P. MOUNIKA; K. JHANSI RANI, P. SENGUTTUVEL, P. SUJATHA D. SANJEEVA RAO
  Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the variation in seed vigour for seven rice genotypes. The experiment was conducted at Department of Seed Science and Technology, PJTSAU using Completely Randomized Design with three replications during the year 2020-2021. For all the genotypes, data pertaining to seed quality parameters were recorded. Highest seed germination (94 %), dry weight (11.77 mg), seedling vigour index II (1770) and field emergence (91 %) were recorded in Moroberekan. Highest seedling length (28.90 cm), seedling vigour index I (2553), electrical conductivity (14.94 μS/cm/g) were recorded in AUS 276. Highest speed of germination (13.04) and alpha amylase activity (428.50 mg/g) were recorded in IR 64. Lowest seed germination (84 %), seedling length (20.96 cm), seedling vigour index I (1770) and field emergence (83 %) were recorded in N-22. Lowest dry weight, seedling vigour index II, speed of germination, alpha amylase activity and electrical conductivity were recorded in RNR 15048 (4.60 mg, 391 mg), AUS (9.38, 255.95 mg/g) and Dular (6.78 μS/cm/g) respectively. The results indicate that among all the genotypes, Moroberekan recorded highest vigour, Vandana and IR 64 have medium vigour and N-22 and AUS 276 have lower vigour compared to other genotypes. High vigour contributes to their performance in early seedling vigour in field conditions
  especially in direct seeded conditions. Planting low vigour seeds causes reduced plant height, delayed panicle exsertion and
  anthesis, less tillering capacity and reduced yield which can be avoided by selecting genotypes with high seed vigour.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
DELINEATION OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ZONES IN MAIZE TRACTS OF TELANGANA
USING MAXIMUM CURVATURE METHOD
- Authors: V. B. PANDIT; T. ANJAIAH, M. UMA DEVI, T. L. NEELIMA D. SRINIVASA CHARY
  Abstract: To maximize financial gain, minimize environmental impact, and improve soil and crop management, soil fertility must be
  maintained uniformly. Delineation of management zones (MZs) is the one option to divide soil variability in to different soil fertility classes. MZs with uniform production potential might offer a useful strategy for nutrient application. The present study was conducted in the Molligipalem village of Karimnagar district, Northern Telangana zone during 2020 to delineate management zones in maize for N, P and K. One hundred of surfaces georeferenced soil samples were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, SOC,
  available N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Soil properties variations were discussed with descriptive statistics and delineation of management zones was done with maximum curvature method. The descriptive statistics revealed that soil is neutral to slightly
  alkaline in reaction, with the lowest variability. The SOC content and available N was low in soil having less than 20 % variation.
  Available P and K was medium to high in soil with 20-30 % variation. The available micronutrient status (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) in the
  soil was sufficient with 58 to 75 % variation. Maximum curvature method was found to show wide variation in soil properties and
  the unit used for distance in m2. In present study, the size of homogeneous zone for pH, EC, SOC, available N, P2O5, K2O, Fe, Mn,
  Zn and Cu were 3200 m2, 1600 m2, 2400 m2, 1600 m2,1600 m2,2000 m2, 3200 m2, 2400 m2, 4800 m2 and 3600 m2 respectively. As
  micronutrient content was sufficient in the soil, hence it is not considered delineation of soil management zone. For site specific
  nutrient management, three soil management zone was estimated using N, P, and K data.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
INFLUENCE OF ESTABLISHMENT METHODS, WATER REGIMES AND INTEGRATED NITROGEN
MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RABI RICE
- Authors: D. MADHURYA; A. MADHAVI LATA, T. L. NEELIMA, R. MAHENDER KUMAR, A. MADHAVI, A. MEENA M. YAKADRI
  Abstract: Traditional rice cultivation with huge water consumption and judicious fertilizer application had a gloomy effect on environment. Rice although being an important staple crop, its cultivation has become difficult in light of climate change. Sustainable strategies for rice cultivation under climate change scenario is gaining importance and factors which improve the economic yield and reduce the inputs has gained much importance. To identify the best sustainable method in rice cultivation, the present study was conducted at College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University
  during rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22 to study the effect of establishment methods and water management practices on growth and
  yield of rabi rice. The experiment consisted of establishment methods with water management as Vertical plots viz. M1: Normal
  Transplanting; M2: Direct seeded rice with drum seeder; M3: Normal Transplanting with alternate wetting and drying water management at depletion of 5 cm; M4: Direct seeded rice with alternate wetting and drying water management at depletion of 5 cm, and five nitrogen management practices as Horizontal plots viz. N1:100% RDF; N2:75% RDN+25% N through biogas slurry; N3 :75% RDN+25% N through Azolla compost ; N4:75% RDN+25% N through vermicompost; N5:75% RDN+ 25%N through poultry
  manure. The results revealed that among the main plots, rice established by direct seeded rice with alternate wetting and drying
  water management at depletion of 5 cm and application of 75% RDN+ 25%N through poultry manure among the sub treatments
  performed better over other treatments by recording higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and no. of tillers per m2.
  Significantly higher grain and straw yield of rice was obtained with the combination of direct seeded rice with alternate wetting and drying water management at depletion of 5 cm and 75% RDN+ 25%N through poultry manure.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
SEED HANDLING TECHNOLOGY AND STORAGE BEHAVIOUR OF SALES RETURN SEED UNDER
COLD STORAGE CONDITIONS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
- Authors: A. AKHIL REDDY1; P. SUJATHA, P. JAGAN MOHAN RAO, A. NOOKA RAJU , K. RAGHAVENDRA S.N.C.V.L. PUSHPAVALLI
  Abstract: An experiment to know effect of handling technology on storage behaviour of sales return maize seed after 2 months of cold storage was conducted during 2020 and 2021 in cold storage unit of Kaveri Seed Company Limited. Maize seed of 218+ and Profit each with three different lots, Fresh seed, one time and two times sales returned seeds (Q3) were packed in 4 different packing materials, transported and stored at retailer stores for different months (one, two & three months) under ambient conditions.
  After completion of predetermined interval seed was brought back, stored for 2 months under cold storage and its effect on seed
  moisture content (SMC) and seed germination (SG) were recorded. Fresh and One time sales returned seed of 218+ showed
  significantly low SMC (11.3 and 11.3%). But two times sales returned seed of 218+ and Profit hybrids showed significantly high
  SMC (11.5 and 11.8 %). Seed of 218+ and Profit packed in Savegrain (P2), Polypouch (P1) and Triple layer bag (P3) recorded significantly lower pooled mean SMC (11.2, 11.3 and 11.3 %) when compared to Recyclable (P4) bag (11.6 and 11.4 %, respectively). Fresh and One time sales returned seed of 218+ hybrid showed significantly high seed germination (95 and 95%) compared to two times sales returned seed (53%). Seed of 218+ packed in Savegrain (P2), Polypouch (P1) and Triple layer bag (P3) recorded significantly higher pooled mean seed germination (82, 81 and 81 %) when compared to Recyclable bag (80%). Profit seed recorded significantly high seed germination (92%) even after 3 months of storage at retailer. Whereas 218+, recorded higher SG (83 %) only for one month at retailer.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
CHARACTERISATION OF CALCAREOUS SOILS IN RANGAREDDY DISTRICT OF TELANGANA
STATE
- Authors: MERAJ SIDDIQUA; S. HARISH KUMAR SHARMA, M. SHANKARIAH, S. TRIVENI D. SRINIVASA CHARY
  Abstract: A survey was conducted in the year 2019-20 in old Rangareddy district of Telangana state to study the characters of calcareous soils, based on effervescence with dil.HCL the samples were collected and were analysed for its characters. Majority of soils collected were medium to high in CaCO3 status. All the soils collected were alkaline to highly alkaline in reaction. Soils were low to medium in available nitrogen and phosphorus content. The average pH, available N, available P2O5, available K2O value recorded in these soils were 8.49, 77.19 Kg ha-1, 6.215 Kg ha-1, 72.88 Kg ha-1 respectively. Correlation study reported that there is significant positive relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and pH and significant negative relationship is seen between
  CaCO3 content and available N and P2O5 in soil. No significant relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and EC and OC values and significant positive relationship is seen with available K.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
SOIL FERTILITY STATUS OF PADDY GROWING RED SOILS OF CENTRAL TELANGANA ZONE
DISTRICTS OF TELANGANA STATE, INDIA
- Authors: D. RAJASHEKHAR; A. MADHAVI, P. SURENDRA BABU, T RAMPRAKASH, K. P. VANI D. SRINIVASA CHARY
  Abstract: Soil fertility evaluation of an area is an important aspect in context of sustainable agriculture production. The macronutrients
  regulate soil fertility and control crop growth and yields. In this inquiry, the Central Telangana Zone (CTZ) in the State of Telangana was chosen, and the availability of macronutrients and their relationship to physico-chemical characteristics in red soils were explored. Forty five red soil predominated mandals were chosen and 59 surface soil (0-15 cm) samples collected from red soil predominated mandals and analyzed for physico-chemical properties and available N, P and K status using standard laboratory procedures. The value of pH, electrical conductivity, and organic carbon was ranged from 6.65 to 7.78, 0.02 to 0.72 dS m-1 and 0.19 to 0.51% respectively. The available N, P2O5 and K2O was ranged from 50 to 314, 17 to 147 and 72 to 627 kg ha-1, respectively. The available nitrogen was in low, phosphorus and potassium contents were in high. Available micronutrients iron and zinc was ranged from 0.58 to 5.92 and 0.06 to 4.81 mg kg-1, respectively. Out of 59 collected soil samples, 97% were low in available nitrogen, 90% and 47% were high in available phosphorus and potassium respectively.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
IMPACT OF TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT ON ACID AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
ACTIVITIES OF RABI MAIZE
- Authors: CH. RAVALI; G. JAYASREE, S. TRIVENI, K. SAMMI REDDY G. PRATIBHA
  Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, to study
  different rice residue management options in conservation tillage and conventional tillage in rice-maize cropping system, during rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22. There were eight residue management options in each tillage system viz., T1- Total removal of residue and RDN (33:33:33), T2 - Residue incorporation/retention + RDN (33:33:33), T3- Residue incorporation/retention + RDN (33:33:33) +
  Microbial Consortium (2% Spray), T4 - Residue burning + RDN (33:33:33), T5- Residue incorporation/retention + RDN (43:23:33),
  T6 - Residue incorporation/retention + RDN (43:33:23), T7 - Residue incorporation/retention + 10 % extra RDN (43:23:33), T8 -Residue incorporation/retention + 10 % extra RDN (33:43:23). There were a total of 16 treatments, replicated thrice and laid in strip
  plot design. The results indicated that tillage and residue management options significantly affected acid and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as available P status in soil. Conservation tillage practice resulted in an increase of acid phosphatase activity by 9 % in rabi 2020-2021 and 16 % in rabi 2021-2022 over conventional tillage. The increase in the phosphatases activity with residue retention and incorporation led to increase in the available P status of soil during crop growth period till tasseling stage.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF HDPS COTTON INFLUENCED BY GENOTYPES AND
INM PRACTICES
- Authors: G. VINAY; K. P. VANI, B. PADMAJA, G. JAYASREE, S. TRIVENI M. YAKADRI
  Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at College Farm, Agricultural College, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during kharif, 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study effect of genotypes and integrated nutrient management practices on profitability of HDPS cotton. Experiment was laid out in Split plot design, with two genotypes as main plots (M) and nine Integrated Nutrient Management practices as sub plots (S). Among genotypes, higher lint yield (919; 836 kg ha-1), seed yield (1604; 1468 kg ha-1), stalk yield (6412; 6110 kg ha-1), net returns (93929; 88387 ¹ ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.74; 2.72) were obtained by Bt variety (KCH-14 K59 BG II) compared Non-Bt variety (ADB-542) during kharif, 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. While, among integrated nutrient management practices, significantly higher lint yield (1157; 1047 kg ha-1), seed yield (1983; 1807 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (7190; 6853 kg ha-1) and net returns (123795; 115397) were observed with 100% RDF + soil application Jeevamrutha @ 500 L ha-1 at 15 days interval up to harvest (S5) during both years and was comparable with 100 % RDF + Foliar spray of Jeevamrutha @ 5% at 15 days interval up to harvest (S7) and 100 % RDF (S3), respectively. However, higher B: C ratio (3.46; 3.49) was obtained with 100% RDF (S3) during both seasons.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
EVALUATION OF PIGEONPEA GERMPLASM LINES FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST FUSARIUM
WILT DISEASE INCITED BY FUSARIUM UDUM
- Authors: T. RAJESHWAR REDDY; B. VIDYASAGAR, S. SANDEEP, G. UMA DEVI, S.N.C.V.L. PUSHPAVALLI, G. SRIDEVI, C. SUDHAKAR C. SUDHA RANI
  Abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate one hundred and seventy two pigeonpea germplasm lines against fusarium wilt in wilt sick plot during Kharif 2019-20 and Kharif 2020-21 at Agriculture Research Station, Tandur. This experiment was laid out in randomized block design with two replications, wherein checks of ICP 2376 (Susceptible check) and ICPL 87119 (Resistant check) were planted after every five rows of the germplasm lines to ascertain the uniformity in disease incidence across the sick plot. Significant differences in disease incidence among pigeonpea germplasm lines were observed in both the years of screening. Based on disease reaction, the per cent disease incidence (PDI) was calculated and the germplasm lines were divided into one of three categories i.e., Resistant (R), Moderately Resistant (MR) and Susceptible (S). The pooled analysis of consecutive two years viz., Kharif, 2019-20 and Kharif, 2020-21 revealed that, out of 172 germplasm lines, 21 germplasm lines showed resistant reaction with 0-10% disease incidence, of which six lines were asymptomatic in expression. While, remaining 45 germplasm lines exhibited moderately resistant in reaction, with 11-30 per cent disease incidence. The other 106 germplasm lines showed susceptible reaction with incidence that was greater than 30 per cent.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS AND CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS OF COTTON GROWERS UNDER
DIFFERENT FARMING SITUATIONS OF TELANGANA STATE
- Authors: S. RADHA; K. SUHASINI, MD. ALIBABA, D. SRINIVASA REDDY D. SRINIVASA CHARY
  Abstract: Cotton the ‘King of fibres’ is the important commercial crop of Telangana state occupying an area of 23.48 lakh hectares with 30.42 lakh MT of production during the year 2020-21. The crop is mainly grown under rainfed condition in a wide range of soils
  like red loamy, deep black, chalka soil and dubba. Considering the different soil types and the irrigation availability, the costs and
  returns were computed for different farming situations viz., FS-1 (Irrigated red soil), FS-2 (Rainfed red soil), FS-3 (Chalka soil), FS-
  4 (Irrigated black soil) and FS-5 (Rainfed black soil). Further, the constraints were analysed based on the primary data collected
  from 350 cotton growing farmers from 16 villages belonging to eight mandals of districts viz., Nalgonda, Nagarkurnool, Adilabad and Sangareddy during the year 2020-21. The comparison done using tabular analysis inferred that, cotton cultivation was highly
  profitable in FS-4 with net returns of ( 64773.67) followed by FS-1 ( 48680.16), FS-5 ( 33483.70) and FS-2 ( 24441.86) while, in FS-3 it was a loss with negative net returns ( -1310.70). Economically unviable cotton cultivation in FS-3 recommends for cultivation of other suitable crop viz., millets, pulses and ground nut. Further, constraint analysis inferred that, the crop suffered from pests and diseases infestation, inadequate /excess rainfall, labour scarcity, lack of infrastructure leading to low prices at the time of harvest and poor technical know-how. Hence, the study recommends developing resistant cotton hybrids. Adoption of mulching practices in rainfed cotton, timely and adequate irrigation via water saving techniques in irrigated cotton, better infrastructure and training programmes for dissemination of new technologies is much needed.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
FARMERS’ PERCEPTION ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TELANGANA STATE: SOME
REFLECTIONS FROM VILLAGE SURVEY
- Authors: B. VIJAY KUMAR; ALDAS JANAIAH, K. SUHASINI, SEEMA A. MEENA
  Abstract: Farmers in Telangana state expected big changes in agricultural sector after formation of separate state in 2014. Accordingly, government of Telangana initiated series of steps such as Rythu Bandhu, Rythu Bheema, free power for agriculture, etc. This paper made an attempt to assess the farmers perception with respect to change in various indicators of agricultural development after 2014. For this study two largely irrigated districts (progressive districts) and another two primarily rainfed districts (backward districts) were selected for conducting Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) in 40 villages (20 from irrigated districts and 20 from rainfed districts). Data from FGDs were analyzed using various statistical measures of central tendency to understand the changes in key indicators between 2014 and 2021. Results indicated that net area sown and gross area sown has increased by 9.57 and 34.76 per cent at state level between 2014 and 2021. Cropping intensity has also increased by 21 per cent between 2014 to 2021 in the state, implying that an additional 21 per cent of net area was sown more than once in a year primarily due to stabilization of irrigated area under village tanks. Similar findings were also reported during the FGDs in the sample villages. It is also reported that number of agricultural labors declined between two periods primarily due to growing mechanization and also non-farm employment opportunities. Farmers also expressed that the cost of key farm inputs such as fertilizer, farm machinery and labor has been significantly increased by about 60 to 120 per cent, while the increase in output prices was around 70 per cent between 2014 and 2021. The farm level yields were merely stagnant between 2014 and 2021. These farm level trends indicated that there are no major changes in real profitability of major crops.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
GROWTH OF SEED INDUSTRY IN INDIA VIS-À-VIS TELANGANA
- Authors: S. KAVI RAJU; A. JANAIAH, R. VIJAYA KUMARI, P. RADHIKA D. SRINIVASA CHARY
  Abstract: This paper examines the trends in growth of seed industry in India and Telangana with special focus on rice seed sector. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) method was used to estimate the growth in distribution of certified seeds of important crops with special focus on certified seed of rice. While, the size of seed business computed for two different points of time 2014
  and 2020 to understand the relative importance of Telangana in Indian seed industry. The size of global seed business increased
  by about 15 per cent between 2012 and 2020. Subsequently, the India’s share in global seed business has increased from about
  4 to 6 per cent during the same period. On other hand, the relative share of Telangana in the Indian seed business has declined
  from about 30 to 19 per cent between 2014 and 2020 respectively. The reason for this change is a sizeable portion of seed industry being shifted to other neighbouring states specially in case of hybrid rice and Bt cotton seed production. The distribution of certified seed of all crops in India and the state of Telangana has shown a positive compound annual growth rate over the past 20 years, with deceleration in growth rates in recent period. The relative shares of seed production area under hybrid rice and BT cotton hybrids to total area under seed production in Telangana declined from about 23.3 to 13.3 per cent and 8 to 4.75 per cent
  respectively between 2014 and 2020. However, total area under seed production for all crops and seed growers increased substantially in the state between this period. Hence, the seed growers in Telangana state may be provided with the required
  incentives along with formulation of a comprehensive seed production policy for further promotion of seed industry.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)
MAIZE PRICE TRANSMISSION BETWEEN MAJOR MARKETS IN TELANGANA STATE –
AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
- Authors: M. MAHESHNATH; R. VIJAYA KUMARI, K. SUHASINI, D. SRINIVASA REDDY A. MEENA
  Abstract: This study tests long-run spatial market integration between price pairs of maize in five major markets viz., Badepally, Siddipet, Nagarkurnool, Warangal and Nizamabad of the Telangana State by adopting important econometric tools like Johansen’s multivariate co integration approach, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Granger causality test and Vector Error Correction Model
  (VECM). The study has confirmed the presence of co integration, implying the six years price association among the markets. To
  get the additional evidence as to whether and in which direction price transmission is occurring between the market pairs, Granger causality test has been used, which has confirmed Nizamabad to be the price-determining market. Nizamabad has been found comparatively more efficient as it has depicted most bidirectional causal relations with other markets. The Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM) shown the selected markets of maize are employed to know the speed of adjustments for the prices of maize among selected markets, for short run and long run equilibrium of prices. The results show that Badepally, Nizamabad and Warangal market influence prices in the other two major markets i.e., Siddipet and Nagarkurnool.
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  Issue No: Vol. 50, No. 4 (2023)