Authors:MO Danish, Mukesh Kumar, B Pramanick, SK Singh, Mohammad Hashim Abstract: A field experiment was carried out during kharif season of 2020 at research farm of Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar to find out the effect of planting methods, mung intercropping and nitrogen management on system productivity, water and nitrogen use efficiency of kharif maize. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four planting methods viz., M1- Flat sown maize, M2- Bed planting maize, M3- Flat sown maize + mungbean, M4- Bed planting maize + mungbean in main plot and four nitrogen management practices viz., N1- 120:50:40:: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1, N2- 100:50:40:: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1, N3-80:50:40:: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1, N4- 0:50:40:: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 (control plot) in sub-plot replicated thrice. The result showed that the highest maize grain yield (3.17 t ha-1), stover yield (4.5 t ha-1), system productivity (5.05 t ha-1), WUE (11.74 kg ha-1mm), water productivity (133.10 ₹ m-3), NUE (5.86 kg kg-1), PFP (25.33 kg kg-1) and NHI (0.79 kg kg-1) was recorded under bed planting maize + mungbean while among N management options the maximum grain yield of maize (3.67 t ha-1), stover yield (4.43 t ha-1), system productivity (4.68 t ha-1), WUE (10.82 kg ha-1 mm), water productivity (117.70 ₹ m-3), NUE (7.98 kg kg-1) and NHI (0.80 kg kg-1) were obtained with 120 N kg ha-1. PubDate: 2022-06-01 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Suman Devi, Vikram Singh, Naresh . Abstract: The combined effects of drought and heat stress severely impact the potential of crop yield. The present study was conducted to determine the tolerant genotypes among 80 wheat genotypes for combined drought and heat stress based on several stress indices. Results showed that grain yield under normal and combined stressed environments was significantly and positively correlated with stress tolerance index (STI) whereas indices like stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance (TOL) and reduction (RED) had negative and significant association with grain yield under stressed conditions and significant positive correlation with grain yield under normal conditions. Based on the stress tolerance index, genotypes RW5, WH1142, PBW773, GW463, HD3086 and UP2981 were identified as high yielding as well as stress tolerant, while C306, HD2888, GW477, HD3043, DBW173, JWS825 and MP3288 are promising genotypes to be cultivated under combined drought and heat stress conditions based on stress susceptibility index, tolerance and reduction. The selected genotypes can be further utilized in wheat breeding programmes to develop tolerant cultivars for combined drought and heath stress. PubDate: 2022-05-16 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Vikrant Khare, Suneeta Pandey, Sanjay Singh, Ravi Shankar Shukla Abstract: Water scarcity throughout wheat-growing periods is a major issue in India, therefore breeding methods, as well as the efficient selection approaches for moisture stress conditions are required to retain the level of crop production. In the current study recombinant inbred lines were developed through a donor, WH 730 crossed with recepient MACS 2496. Further segregating generations were advanced through the single seed descent method at Karnal. The F7 and F8 generations of 231 recombinant inbred lines along with five checks were planted in Alpha Lattice design for screening under normal and restricted irrigated conditions. A significant yield reduction was observed under restricted irrigated conditions than the normal irrigated condition during cropping season 2019-20 & 2020-21. Under stress condition significant association was found among yield and selection indices viz., stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), drought resistance index (DI), sensitivity drought index (SDI), relative drought index (RDI), yield stability index (YSI) and percentage of yield reduction (PR). Based on selection indices, 22 recombinant lines were identified superior. These selected recombinant inbred lines may be subjected to further evaluation, and also incorporated as donor parents in future hybridization programs. The panels of extreme phenotypic lines were also used to know the location of particular drought-engaged genes and quantitative trait loci. PubDate: 2022-05-16 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Sukram Thapa, Deewakar Baral, Pravesh Shivakoty, Srikanta Das Abstract: False smut of rice caused by Ustilagonoidea virens was previously considered a minor disease of rice or rather a sign of bumper harvest, hence the disease was also known by the name Lakshmi disease. However, the disease is gaining much importance at present and is reported to occur in most of the rice growing areas of world in moderate to severe forms. Rice which is cultivated throughout the year in West Bengal is also observed to produce the symptoms of the disease every year in varying degree of severity. Effect of light and different temperature on mycelial growth of Ustilagonoidea virens in BOD incubator was tested. It was found that temperature of 28oC and dark condition favors mycelial growth. Twelve different isolates of Ustilagonoidea virens collected from different districts of West Bengal were isolated in laboratory and tested for their variability in Pathogenicity using the susceptible rice variety Swarna (MTU 7029). 2 ml of inoculum suspension of each isolates were injected to rice plant at booting stage with three replications, whereas in control plants 2 ml of sterilized water was injected and percent grain infection was calculated and analyzed. All the inoculated plants were observed to produce typical false disease symptom with varying degree of severity indicating variation in pathogenicity among the isolates. Percent grain infection ranged from 1.461% to 7.936%. Isolate Uv5 from Alipudwar district was found to be significantly more virulent as compared to other isolates with 7.936% grain infection followed by isolate Uv4 (Jalpaiguri district) and Uv3(Nadia district) with 5.050% and 4.557% grain infection respectively. Significantly lower infection was observed in isolate Uv9 collected from Coochbehar district with 1.461% grain infection followed by isolate Uv2 (North 24 Parganas district) and Uv12 (Hooghly district) with 1.912 and 3.279% grain infection. PubDate: 2022-05-16 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Praveenkumar Alagappan, Neelam Bhardwaj Abstract: The present investigation was carried out in Rice &Wheat Research Centre Malan of with thirty-five red rice germplasm lines collected across Himachal Pradesh Observations were recorded on twelve quantitative six grain quality traits. Analysis of variance showed presence of variability for all traits except flag leaf length, harvest index and grain breadth among the germplasm lines. Analysis of parameter of variability exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean for biological yield per plant, thousand grain weight and L:B ratio which indicated the presence of high additive gene action and selection for such traits may be beneficial in future breeding programme. The mean performance of genotypes was compared with best check with particular trait and genotypes- Deval, HPR-2913, HPR-2908 were found to be promising for most of the traits including grain quality. The disease reaction for leaf and neck blast among genotypes indicated that, IC-12180, HPR-2800, HPR-2795, HPR-2913 and HPR-2914 were found to be resistance to both blast disease. PubDate: 2022-05-16 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Sudheer Kumar, Prem Lal Kashyap, Ishwar Singh, Poonam Jasrotia, Gyanendra Pratap Singh Abstract: Loose smut (LS) caused by Ustilago segetum var. tritici is an important disease of wheat (Triticum spp.) and accounts for 1-2% annual yield losses in India. The disease can be managed easily with the use of seed treatment with systematic fungicides, however, the application of these fungicides remained limited amongst farmers mainly due to their high price, limited knowledge about seed protectants as well as lack of any visible external symptoms on infected seeds. Additionally, seed dressing with protectants is hazardous to the environment and human health and thus not acceptable in organic wheat cultivation. The most affordable and environment friendly technique to protect wheat crop is to develop varieties that are resistant to loose smut disease. Therefore, research efforts have been made to screen one hundred and ninety-seven wheat genotypes obtained from gene bank (Germplasm resource unit, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research) under field conditions for LS disease using artificial inoculation technique. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications for two consecutive years during 2014-15 and 2015-21016. The results of the field trials indicated that only seventy seven genotypes (39.09 %) showed resistance to loose smut and infection ranged from 0-5% under artificially inoculated conditions. More than 15 % genotypes (31) were found to be immune and 18.78 % (thirty seven) genotypes were highly resistant (HR) and twenty three (11.68%) were identified as susceptible (S) genotypes. There was forty-nine moderately susceptible genotype obtained from the experiment. The results reveled that there are some promising LS resistance lines and could therefore be introduced to wheat breeders for further breeding as well as multi-locational trials for developing disease-resistant cultivars. PubDate: 2022-05-16 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Monika Singh, Vinod Jat, Rama Shankar Shukla, Sakuru Venkata Sai Prasad Abstract: High temperature stress during late planting conditions specifically at the time of grain filling adversely affects the quality of grain by reducing plant growth and ultimately the nutrient content of sink that is grain. Quality traits such as sedimentation value (mm), protein %, starch %, wet gluten, moisture content and grain yield plant-1, were studied in thirty bread wheat genotypes with three replications in randomized block design, seed breeding farm, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur, during the year 2012 and 2013 with the target to cluster genotypes with superior quality in response to heat stress during late planting. A Dendrogram was obtained that is based on variance dividing the total genotypes in seven clusters with distinct characteristics, and grouped under two major clusters A and B. Cluster I to IV belong to group A whereas cluster B had V and VI cluster. Cluster I had maximum and cluster VII had minimum genotypes. Cluster VII and cluster IV showed maximum inter cluster distance and intra cluster distance were maximum in cluster VII. Further, Cluster VII consist of genotypes with maximum sedimentation value (35.500), cluster I had genotypes with maximum hectoliter weight, cluster VII had genotypes with highest protein %, cluster IV had maximum wet gluten, cluster V had genotypes with maximum starch content, maximum moisture level after harvesting was observed in genotypes under cluster IV, whereas genotypes with maximum grain yield fall under cluster IV, were found most tolerant to terminal heat stress. The genotypes MP-3368/MP-4669 and 31ESWYT-123 are highest yielding genotypes belonging to superior cluster IV and considered as very important for developing heat tolerant variety with good quality index and other plant breeding strategies. Keywords: Bread wheat, Dendrogram, Inter-cluster distance, Intra-cluster distance, Heat stress PubDate: 2022-05-16 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Ramraj Sen, Akshay Talukar, Narendra Singh Sipani, Mukesh Birla Abstract: Estimates of genetic parameters for twenty three entries of durum wheat [Triticum durum (L.)] revealed significant variability for all the traits under study, indicated wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes. The estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were high for plant height, number of seeds per ear and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, number of seeds per ear and grain yield per m2. Improvement in yield can be made by selecting these yield contributed traits having high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Genotypic correlations were of higher magnitude as compared to their corresponding phenotypic correlation in most of the character combination, indicating the existence of strong influenced of inherent association for the various attributes. Grain yield per m2 exhibited significant stable and positive correlation with number of tillers per plant and flag leaf area at genotypic and phenotypic level. Thus, it can be inferred that selection based on any one of these traits either alone or in combination, will result in identifying high yielding genotypes. Path coefficient analysis of genotypic and phenotypic level exhibited high positive and direct effect of flag leaf area, leaf length, number of tillers per plant and plant height on grain yield per m2. Thus any selection based on these characters will enhance performance and improvement grain yield in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). PubDate: 2022-05-16 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Manya Tyagi, Girish Chandra Pandey Abstract: Wheat crop often gets exposed to drought and high temperature during grain growth particularly in subtropical conditions. Physiology of wheat is adversely affected by heat stress and drought stress. Heat and drought tolerance are influenced by some of the physiological traits such as increased rates of photosynthesis, stay green, chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence, and so on. Under drought stress wheat yield is mostly decreased by half or less of the irrigated control. Drought stress (60% relative soil moisture content) has been found to decrease the grain yield by more reduction in the kernel weight than the grain. Hence, any efforts to improve grain yield of wheat under these stresses should consider insights into the mechanisms of grain development and also the physiological traits when plants experience terminal stress. For improvement of grain weight of wheat under abiotic stress conditions caused by drought and high temperature found that drought stress decreased the grain yield per spike by 16.2% in the tolerant cultivar and by 27.9% in sensitive cultivar. But under combined heat and drought stress, the same cultivar did not show high tolerance. High temperature significantly reduced the grain weight and number of grains in wheat. Some other studies have reported that post anthesis rise in ambient temperature resulted in reduction in individual grain weight. So, it can be concluded that for the sustainability of the agriculture heat stress and drought are the major barrier in the field. PubDate: 2022-05-16 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Yogesh Kumar, Usha Mina, Soora Naresh Kumar, Ramesh Chandra Harit, Pratibha Prakash, Manoj Chandra Garg Abstract: This study involves the effects of gradient ambient air pollutants on wheat cultivars (HD2967 and HD3086) that are grown on farmers’ fields located in 8 villages, namely - Jamuha, Singanpur, Parwaha, Bahadurpur, Jawaharpur, Ghasa Ka Purwa, Hajiyapur, and Murhi which are present in the vicinity of the Thermal Power Plant (TPP) at Auraiya. The present study was carried out to observe the effects of Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Ozone (O3) air pollutants on growth and biochemical parameters viz. - pH, relative water content (RWC), ascorbic acid (AA), total chlorophyll (TC), and yield of wheat cultivars (HD2967 and HD3086) in a 10km radius of the TPP. The wheat cultivars were grown for two consecutive years on agricultural fields in the 8 villages chosen by this study. The range of selected ambient air pollutant observed at the selected experimental site was 139-189 µg/m3TSPM, 23-28 ppbNO2, and 34-46 ppb O3. The dust deposition on the flag leaves of wheat cultivars was maximum (3.4 mgcm-2) in the 2-4 km area on the leeward side of the TPP while considerably lesser deposition was witnessed in the 7-9 km area on the windward side at Hajiyapur (2.5 mgcm-2). Canopy area, growth, yield attributes, chlorophyll, relative water content, and yield were significantly (P<0.05) affected by SPM deposition. Due to air pollutants gradient, among the two cultivars of wheat, HD2967 was more adversely affected than HD3086. PubDate: 2022-01-26 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Maha Singh Jaglan, Om Pal Chaudhary Abstract: Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål is a dominant species among the noxious rice pests and causes considerable damage in India. Various strategies have been employed to manage brown planthopper and insecticides factor as the frontline defense. However, it has now become difficult to manage brown planthopper with the present genre' of insecticides due to the development of resistance. Identification of new molecules with selective properties, a novel mode of action, low toxicity to non-targets and environmental safety becomes a newer tool for the sustainable management of brown planthopper. In this direction, dinotefuran 20 SG a new molecule was evaluated under field conditions to access its efficacy against brown planthopper in basmati rice during Kharif, 2019. Results of the present investigations indicated that dinotefuran 20 SG at 40 g a.i./ha as a spray (when pest crosses ETL) was  the effective treatment in the reduction of brown plant hopper population. The added advantages included non phytotoxicity of foliar application of dinotefuran 20 SG @ 40  g a.i. ha-1 to the paddy crop. Mean  grain yield (38.1  q ha-1) was recorded in dinotefuran 20 SG sprayed plots as compared to control (32.3 q ha-1) and increase in grain yield over control was recorded to be 15.5 per cent. PubDate: 2022-01-08 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Vikram Singh, Promil Kapoor, Ashwani Kumar Abstract: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg has been reported from nearly all rice-growing countries across the world, and it has become a serious threat issue in Asian countries. The disease incidence is especially high on the varieties Pusa Basmati 1121 and Pusa Basmati 1509, which are gaining popularity throughout the country, particularly in Punjab and Haryana due to its superior grain quality. It is responsible for high yield losses ranging from 3.0-95.4% and its prevalence varies depending on the region and cultivars used. The typical and distinguished symptoms of the disease are elongation and rotting of rice plants. This disease is seed borne and soil borne in nature and become more prevalent in rice-growing areas around the world in recent years. Seed treatment with fungicides is currently the most important disease management approach utilized worldwide. A systematic study of how the disease develops under the influence of variable climatic conditions is necessary to manage this emerging disease efficiently, and good management measures can help us conquer it in the future. PubDate: 2022-01-08 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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