JournalTOCs

Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science
Number of Followers: 5

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 0019-638X - ISSN (Online) 0974-0228
Published by Indian Council of Agricultural Research

[16 journals]

Effect of Keeping Animals in Zoo Enclosures on Changes in Physical
Properties of Soils
- Authors: Anna Gobarova; Kamil Kazeev, Alexander Zhadobin, Anastasia Fedorenko, Sergey Kolesnkov
  Pages: 119 - 125
  Abstract: Zoos are pretty popular places in any city on our planet. Having a research base, zoos consider the main goal to study the possibility of reproduction and conservation of animal species from the point of view of their physiology without considering essential components of the animal environment, such as soil. This study aimed to monitor changes in the physical properties of soils disturbed by the influence of animals in the enclosures of the Rostov Zoo, Russia. Enclosures with ungulates, birds, and recreational and park areas not exposed to animals were selected. To assess the ecological state of the soil, the load of animals in enclosures, hoof pressure on the soil, and changes in bulk density, penetration resistance, soil structure, soil moisture, and soil temperature were determined. Over-compaction of the soil cover and deterioration of the soil structure in the enclosures were revealed in comparison with the control section of the zoo’s park zone without animals. The soil penetration resistance deteriorated significantly in the enclosures’ 0-10 cm surface layer. A gradual decline was noted below in the profile. This is due to the strong influence of the mechanical load of animals, mainly on the surface of the soil cover. The change in soil temperature and soil moisture was seasonal. Animals in a limited area subject the vegetation and soil cover of the enclosures to complete trampling and over-compaction that worsens the ecological condition in this area.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Genesis and Classification of Some Tea-growing Soils of Assam
- Authors: Abhishek Das, Nayan Ahmed, Prasenjit Ray, S.K. Ray, T.J. Purakayastha, Sunanda Biswas, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, K.K. Bandyopadhyay
  Pages: 126 - 132
  Abstract: A study was conducted to ascertain the major pedogenic processes occurring in the tea growing soils of Assam. Seven representative pedons from three different tea estates namely, Kakodonga (P1 and P2), Maheema (P3, P4 and P5) and Jamguri (P6 and P7) of Jorhat and Golaghat districts in Assam were studied. Among the tea estates, Jamguri tea estate has the history of following organic cultivation practices for more than 20 years. The results indicated that the tea growing soils were brown to brownish yellow/ reddish yellow in colour and the texture of which varied from sandy clay loam to clay loam with predominantly sub-angular blocky soil structure. Sand content showed decreasing trend with depth, whereas clay content increased with depth but no such trend was observed for silt content. Relatively higher organic carbon density was observed (considering 100 cm soil depth) in organically grown tea gardens (P6 and P7 profiles) than conventionally grown (inorganic) tea gardens. Electrical conductivity, base saturation and sum of cations decreased with depth. The soils in sub-surface horizons showed patchy clay cutans confirming the presence of argillic horizon and ongoing illuviation process of pedogenesis. The studied tea-growing soils were classified as Typic Hapludults at Subgroup level with Ap-Bw-Bt horizon sequence. The information generated in the study would be useful for effective management of the tea growing soils of Assam.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Land Evaluation of Legume Growing Soils in Anantapuramu District of Andhra
Pradesh, India by Integrating Remote Sensing and Geographic Information
System
- Authors: G. Sashikala, M.V.S. Naidu, K.V. Ramana, K.V. Nagamadhuri, A. Pratap Kumar Reddy, P. Sudhakar
  Pages: 133 - 141
  Abstract: Legumes play a greater role in sustaining the economy of the rainfed farming as compared to many other cereal crops. A detailed soil survey was conducted in legume (like groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)) growing soils of Anantapuramu district, Andhra Pradesh, India by integrating remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) to know the soil constraints that hinder the yields and to suggest an action plan to improve yields. Land evaluation parameters viz., USDA land capability classification and FAO soil suitability classification (actual and potential) were evaluated in the study area. Thematic land capability and crop suitability maps were mapped using Arc GIS software. Fourteen soil series were identified and further subjected to land evaluation studies. Three land capability classes (III, IV and VI) were identified. Actual suitability of groundnut, pigeon pea and chickpea falls under marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N) classes. The main soil limitations that affect the yield of these crops are rooting depth, drainage, gravelliness, erosion, pH, organic carbon (OC) and alkalinity. As these limitations override other good qualities and bring them to lower classes. By correcting the limitations, these soils can be elevated to highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3). The site specific thematic maps helps in suggesting suitability of particular crop variety, quantum of seeds to be made available and reduce the distress caused by ill-advised choices.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Characterization of Soils of Narasinghpur Block in Cuttack District of
Odisha
- Authors: Lilan Kumar Behera, Ramawatar Meena, Pragnya Paramita Patel, S.K. Verma, R.N. Meena
  Pages: 142 - 149
  Abstract: This experiment was carried out to characterize the soils of the study area through the profile study in Cuttack district of Odisha state. In this experiment 15 villages were selected for the profile study. Four samples were collected from each profile from four depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm). Depth-wise soil samples were processed and analysed for soil texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulphur (S), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn). Results of soil analysis revealed that soil texture of the studied area was sandy loam and sandy clay loam. Bulk density increased with the increasing depth of the profile and found in the range between 1.23 to 1.45 Mg m-3. The pH values of the soils of the studied area were neutral to slightly alkaline and EC was <1 dS m-1. The average OC of the surface soil was slightly medium, which reduced with the increasing depth of the profile. Nitrogen content of the studied area was in the medium range and decreased in the soil profile up to 90 cm depth. Phosphorus content was in the medium range and K content was in high range and both decreased in the soil profile with the increasing depth. Soils of the study area were deficient in S content. Micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) were slightly higher than the critical limits and reduced gradually along with the depth of soil profile.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Influence of Enzyme Activities on Stable Isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and
Nutrient Cycles in Semi-arid Agricultural soils
- Authors: Sudhakaran M., Kokila M., Ravanachandar A.
  Pages: 150 - 158
  Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of enzyme activities on stable isotopes (ä13C and ä15N) and nutrient cycles in Indian semi-arid agricultural soils. Three composite soil samples were collected from each of the organic management (ORG), inorganic management (IM), integrated crop management (ICM) and precision farming (PF) experimental plots during September 2017 to June 2019. Organically manage (ORG) soils had higher ä15N in both the analyzed years (2017-18 and 2018-19), compared to ICM, IM and PF. In contrast, PF soils had higher ä13C in both the years, compared to IM, ICM and ORG. Soils from ORG had significantly higher amount of organic carbon, total C, total nitrogen (N), total sulphur (S), available N, extractable phosphorus (P), soil organic carbon stock, exchangeable K and enzyme activities compared to IM, ICM and PF. Urease, â–glucosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, invertase, cellulase and dehydrogenase activities were significantly influenced ä15N and ä13C in agricultural soils. Our results suggested that ORG had improved the soil enzyme activities, plant available nutrients. Stable ä13C and ä15N isotopes were good indicators for monitor the soil health and biogeochemical cycles in Indian semi-arid agricultural soils.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Identification of Soil Fertility Constraints using GIS for Sustainable
Crop Production in the Watershed of Semi-arid Tropics
- Authors: M. Prabhavathi, R.N. Adhikari, A. Raizada, H. Biswas, P. Mohan Kumar, B.S. Naik, W. Muralidhar
  Pages: 159 - 171
  Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to identify soil fertility constraints and map the fertility status of Netranahalli watershed of Chitradurga district, Karnataka using geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS). Eighty geo-referenced surface soil samples (0-30 cm) from the watershed located in Scarce Rainfall Zone of Karnataka were analyzed for their fertility parameters. Soil fertility maps were prepared for each parameter under GIS environment using Arc GIS v 10.4. Soils were slightly acidic to moderately alkaline (5.20-8.38) in reaction, non-saline (0.02-1.77 dS m-1) and low to high (2.6-13.6 g kg-1) in organic carbon (OC). The soils were low to high in available nitrogen (N) (166-704 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (P) (18.70-176.0 kg P2O5 ha-1) and available potassium (K) (128-935 kg K2O ha-1). The wide variation from deficient to sufficient was observed in the status of DTPA extractable zinc (Zn) (0.06-2.31 mg kg-1), iron (Fe) (1.81-29.1 mg kg-1) and manganese (Mn) (0.67-57.9 mg kg-1), whereas DTPA extractable copper (Cu) (0.36-6.05 mg kg-1) was almost sufficient. The cross-classification map revealed that 21.8% of the area has distinct and combined deficiency of OC and zinc. The fertility status in Netranahalli watershed revealed that soil OC, available N and Zn are important soil fertility constraints in the watershed. To buildup organic matter, Zn content and native N and maintain nutrient balance in the soil, farmers are advised to adopt farmyard manure (FYM) and ZnSO4 application.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Long-term Integrated Nutrient Management for Enhancing Soil Quality and
- Authors: Swati Mundhe, Syed Ismail, A.S. Dhawan
  Pages: 172 - 179
  Abstract: The dynamics of soil characteristics were studied in an ongoing long-term fertility experiment under All India Coordinated Research Project on Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment with soybean-safflower cropping sequence in a Vertisol (Typic Haplusters) that commenced from 2006-07 at Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India. The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of long-term organic manure and fertilizers on soil fertility, nutrient uptake and productivity under soybean-safflower cropping system. Treatment includes 50% NPK, 100% NPK, 150% NPK, 100% NPK + hand weeding, 100% NPK + ZnSO4 at 25 kg ha-1, 100% NP, 100% N, 100% NPK + FYM at 5 t ha-1, only FYM, absolute control and fallow without crop. The findings emerged out indicated that the grain (3.11 t ha-1) and straw (2.71 t ha-1) yield of soybean were increased significantly with 150% NPK followed by 100% NPK + FYM at 5 t ha-1. Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK improved the soil properties with respect to organic carbon (OC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, EC, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) over the initial value of soil. Bulk density and soil pH significantly reduced with the application of 100% + FYM at 5 t ha-1, and bulk density negatively correlated with OC. However, N, P, K and S uptake by soybean were increased significantly with the application of 100% NPK + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 than other treatments. The study indicated that balanced use of the fertilizers continuously either alone or in combination with organic manure is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Assessment of Soil Carbon Mineralization and Stock in Mineralogically
Different Agricultural Soils of India
- Authors: Abinash Das, Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha, Nayan Ahmed, Ruma Das, Sunanda Biswas, Yashbir Singh Shivay, Vinay Kumar Sehgal, Khushboo Rani
  Pages: 180 - 191
  Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the influence of different soil types on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization, stock and related soil properties in the four major soils of India. The results revealed that both soil type and depth had significant influence on SOC mineralization and SOC stock. At 0–20 cm soil depth, C mineralization, SOC stock, labile C fractions such as, Walkey and Black C (WBC), permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO4-C), microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial indices and other soil physicochemical properties significantly differed among soil types. At 20-–40 cm depth, most of these soil parameters had decreasing trend. At 0–40 cm depth, the amount of SOC stock was found in the order: Mollisol (31.7 Mg ha–1) > Vertisol (24.4 Mg ha–1) > Alfisol (20.1 Mg ha–1) > Inceptisol (17.0 Mg ha–1). The minimum (1.18 Mg m–3) and maximum (1.35 Mg m–3) bulk density (BD) was found in Mollisol and Inceptisol, respectively. Bulk density was found to be negatively related to SOC stock and WBC. Labile C fractions were found to directly influence C mineralization. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated positive and significant (p=0.05) correlation among C fractions, stock and nutrients. Principal component analysis (PCA) depicts high variations in soil properties among different soil types. Biplot clearly showed that most of the C fractions and nutrients were higher under Mollisol. In terms of accumulation of labile C and protection of SOC, Inceptisol and Alfisol behaved similarly probably due to similar soil texture and type of clay as well as lesser input of organic matter.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Evaluation of Soil Test Methods for Determination of Available Nitrogen,
Phosphorus and Potassium under Mungbean in Mollisols
- Authors: Isha, Poonam Gautam, Ramesh Chandra, S.P. Pachauri, Raj Bahadur
  Pages: 192 - 200
  Abstract: The present study focussed on evaluating combinations of soil test methods for estimating available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) under mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) grown in Mollisols of Uttarakhand. Composite soil samples (0-0.15 m) were collected before sowing of mungbean and application of fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM). Indices for soil available N were used as organic carbon (OC) and alkaline KMnO4-N, for available P Olsen’s-P and ABDTPA-P and for available K neutral normal NH4OAc-K and ABDTPA-K. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed and suitability of soil test methods combinations for given soil nutrients was compared using R2 values. Results indicated that R2 values of different combinations of soil test methods were highly significant (p<0.01) in mungbean. Highest R2 values obtained were 0.696**, 0.694**, 0.680**, 0.634** and 0.723** for combinations of alkaline KMnO4-N, ABDTPA-P, ABDTPA-K with grain yield, total N uptake, total P uptake, total K uptake and protein yield as dependent variables, respectively. It suggests that alkaline KMnO4 for available N along with multinutrient extractant for available P and K can be taken as reliable combination of soil test methods for prediction of soil test values for available N, P and K for mungbean under Mollisols.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Response of Direct-seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Varying Levels of
Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status
in Nagaland
- Authors: Seyiekevino Tsukru, P.K. Singh, Mercy Vanlalhmangaihi, Lanamika Kjam
  Pages: 201 - 206
  Abstract: A field experiment was carried out to study the response of direct-seeded rice to varying levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status under Nagaland conditions during the kharif period i.e., June-October 2018, in the experimental research farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Nagaland, India. The experiment was carried out with three levels of N (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1) and three levels of P (0, 40 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1) making a total of nine treatments in combination laid out in a RBD design. Results from the study revealed that application of N at 100 kg ha-1 significantly increased the grain and stover yield to an extent of 61.9 and 37.7 per cent over control and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded 25.8 and 13.9 per cent over control. Likewise, combination of treatment T8 (100 kg N: 40 kg P2O5) augmented the grain and stover yield to an extend of 135.0, 64.6 per cent over the control. Nutrient (NPK) uptake by the crop was significantly influenced with the higher nutrient levels where 50 kg N ha-1, 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 and T8 performed significantly better than the rest of the treatments, while levels P2 and P1 remained at par with each other for some parameters. Application of nitrogen at 100 kg ha-1 and phosphorus at 40 kg ha-1 significantly increased the soil OC, available NPK to a great extent over the control under Nagaland conditions.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Effect of Long-Term Fertilizer and Farm yard Manure Application on Soil
Phosphorus Fractions in a Vertisol under Soybean–Wheat Cropping Sequence
- Authors: Vandana Bagde, B.S. Dwivedi, A.K. Dwivedi, RisikeshThakur, Anil Nagwanshi
  Pages: 207 - 216
  Abstract: The continuous application of inorganic fertilizers alone or in conjuction with organic manure for the last 43 years may affect the phosphorus (P) balance and its fractions and it is important from view planning a nutrient management strategy for optimizing crop productivity. Therefore, the present study was carried out in 2015-16 to assess the impact of the long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure i.e. farmyard manure (FYM) on P fractions in a Vertisol, which is an essential aspect in probing the mechanisms of soil P accumulation and mitigating its losing risk to the environment. The findings of the present investigation indicated that the soil organic carbon, soil available P, and various P fractions were increased significantly with 100% NPK and 150% NPK treatments over control in both surface and sub-surface soils. The highest values of available P and various P fractions were recorded in 100% NPK + 5 t FYM ha-1 treatment. Among the various P fractions, Ca-P form was the dominant P fraction. The relative contents of these fractions were in order, Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Occluded P >Saloid-P and these were higher in surface than the sub-surface soils. Application of balanced dose of fertilizers with or without FYM improved the crop productivity and P uptake by crops. The findings further revealed that the appreciable increase in available P status in soil in all the treatments except control and 100% N alone treatments. The apparent P balance increased with an increase in the quantity of P applied from 50 to 150%. Further, applying the recommended dose of N, P and K with 5 t FYM ha-1 observed the highest grain yields of soybean (1200 kg ha-1) and wheat (4344 kg ha-1), respectively, over the control plot. Phosphorus fractions exhibited a significant and positive correlation with yield. Thus, the balanced use of fertilizers continuously alone or in combination with organic manure, is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Variation and Distribution of Phosphorus Fractions, their Relationship
with Soil Properties in Vertisols and Aridisols of India
- Authors: Arbind Kumar Gupta, Luxmi Kant Tripathi, P.K. Patra
  Pages: 217 - 228
  Abstract: One hundred eighty soil samples were collected from Vertisols and Aridisols to investigate status and depth distribution of phosphorus (P) pools and their relation to soil characteristics. Majority of the soils was clayey soil texture for Vertisols, while sandy for Aridisols, calcareous in reaction and medium to high in cation exchange capacity due to presence of illitic and smectite type of clay minerals. In both the orders, the amount of available-P, aluminium P (Al-P), Organic-P (Org-P) and total-P decreased with increase in soil depth, whereas calcium P (Ca-P) was found to be higher in lower horizons. Calcium-P was the most predominant P fraction in both the orders and contributes more than 21% of total P followed by organic P (>16%). Exchangeable Ca (Ex-Ca) and soil pH influenced distribution of soil P into different forms and its availability while salinity had no such pronounced effect. In Vertisols, available-P showed significant and positive relationship with saloid P (S-P), occluded P (OCC-P), Ca-P, Org-P and total-P. The Ca-P was found to be positively and significantly correlated with soil pH, available P and negatively correlated with clay. Soil pH bears a significantly negative correlation with S-P, OCC-P, Org-P, total-P and positive correlation with Ca-P. In Aridisols, iron P (Fe-P) showed positive and significantly correlated with organic carbon (OC), clay, available P and negatively with soil pH and Ex-Ca. Multiple regression equations were also worked out for predicting different forms of P in relation to soil properties. About 30% soils of Vertisols are likely to respond to P-fertilizer.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)
Dr. Himadri Sekhar Sen
- Authors: ISSS
  Pages: 229 - 230
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  Issue No: Vol. 71, No. 2 (2023)