Similar Journals
|
Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
Number of Followers: 0  Open Access journalISSN (Online) 2667-7733 Published by Mustafa Kemal University  [3 journals]
|
- Analysis of the impact of agricultural credits on agricultural
mechanization in Türkiye
Authors: Ömer Keskin
Abstract: Agricultural mechanization is one of the high-cost important inputs used in agricultural production. Thanks to agricultural mechanization, time and manpower are saved greatly in the agricultural production process. Agricultural loans, one of the most important agricultural financing instruments, are considered necessary for agricultural enterprises to invest in agricultural mechanization. This study, which adopts a quantitative research method approach, aimed to analyze the impact of agricultural loans on agricultural mechanization in Türkiye using time series analysis. Within the scope of the purpose, annual data covering the period 1981-2022 were gathered from data sources related to loans and agricultural mechanization. A log-log model was constructed with loans as the independent variable and agricultural mechanization as the dependent variable, and ARDL bounds testing method was applied in the estimation of the model. According to the findings obtained from the estimation of the model, there was a long-term, positive, and statistically significant co-integration relationship between loans and agricultural mechanization variables. A 1% increase in the loan balance was found to increase agricultural mechanization by approximately 0.035%. On the other hand, the short-term relationship between the variables was found to be negative and statistically significant. Short-term deviations from the long-term equilibrium caused by shocks were shown to vanish by approximately 86% after 1 period. In this context, it is clear that the adaptation process between the variables is very rapid.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- The relationships between post-calving body condition and fertility traits
in Holstein Friesian cows
Authors: Şahin Tüfenk; İbrahim Tapkı
Abstract: In this study, the relationships between post-calving body condition and reproductive characteristics were investigated in 55 Holstein Friesian cows. Cows were divided into two groups according to their body condition scores (BCS) as the first (BCS<3) and the second group (BCS≥3). In the first and second cow groups, body condition score at 1st month after calving (BS1: 2.82, 3.36), body condition score at 5th month after calving (BS5: 3.21, 3.57), decrease in body condition score between dry period and calving at the 1th month after postpartum period (DECREASE: 1.23, 0.80), increase in body condition score between 1st and 5th months of lactation (INCREASE1: 0.39, 0.21) and the increase in body condition score between the 1st and 7th months of lactation (INCREASE2: 0.93, 0.64), and differences were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). In the first and second group cows, the period of first heat (ICS), the period of service (SP), the number of inseminations per pregnancy (GBTS) and the rate of conception at the first insemination (ITCR), were found to be 43.55, 38.30 days; 88.83, 77.31 days; 2.21, 1.73 and 54.88%, 69.87%, respectively. Significant and negative correlations were found between body condition score at 1st month post calving (BS1) and decrease in body condition score in the 1st month between dry period and post calving (DECREASE) and BCSs and ICS, GBTS, ITGCR, SP, and GKO60 (pregnancy rate on the 60th day post calving). The results of the study revealed that during calving, cows with moderate body condition had better reproductive performance.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Investigation of control methods with field dodder (Cuscuta campestris
Yuncker) in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation
Authors: Tamer Üstüner
Abstract: Many problems are encountered in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation. One of these problems is weeds and/or parasitic plants. In this study, control methods of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yuncker), which is a problem in broad beans, were investigated. The research was conducted in 2022 in the trial area of Kahramanmaras Sütcü İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture. The broad bean trial area was planned as two characters, infected and uninfected, with field dodder and 4 replicates. In the broad bean trial area, C. campestris was found in medium density (0.50 plant m-1) in the plots where hand hoeing was applied, in the plots where pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin 330.0 g l-1) was applied, it was dense (3.80 plant m-1), in post-emergence herbicide (330.0 g l-1). Imazamox 40.0 g l-1) was calculated as dense (9.60 units m-1) in the applied parcels and very dense (19.25 units m-1) in the control parcels. Among the control methods applied, hand hoe application reduced the density of C. campestris by 97.40 %, pendimethalin by 80.26 % and Imazamox by 50.13 %. According to the obtained results, the application of hand hoeing at the initial stage of the parasitic plant's first appearance or the pre-emergence use of pendimethalin herbicide following the monitoring of germination time has been evaluated as the most effective method in controlling C. campestris.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Investigating the effects of climate change on the perception of safe food
and consumption behaviors in Turkey
Authors: İbrahim Ender Künili; Fatma Çolakoğlu, Hasan Basri Ormancı, Tuğba Güngör Ertuğral, Serhat Çolakoğlu, Selin Özge Dinç
Abstract: Climate change and necessary changes in the food production chain affect consumers' attitudes and behaviors and shape the market order. In this study, the consumer's perspective on changes in production was questioned and their attitudes and behaviors were examined. The research was conducted by surveying 1013 people in 40 provinces representing the whole country. According to the findings, 90% of consumers prefer fresh local products and buy frozen products when fresh products are not available (36.75%). It was found that the most concerned factor in food consumption is products obtained from genetically modified organisms (GMO) (40.32%). It was stated that foodborne diseases are caused by microorganisms (50.30%). In addition, it was stated that the safety of food is important (26.06%), and criteria such as taste (4.87%), appearance (15.63%), and cheapness (42.31%) are not taken into consideration if the food is safe. As a result, it was determined that consumers in Turkey should be enlightened with scientific data and their awareness should be increased by stating that many issues of concern will become more intertwined with climate change.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Change in protein content of potato tubers grown under different
irrigation and nitrogen fertilization conditions during storage
Authors: Sevgi Çalışkan; Mustafa Akkamış
Abstract: Uncontrolled use of water and nitrogen cause both an increase in production costs and the consumption of water resources. In addition, the effective use of water and nitrogen increases the storage strength and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer amounts on the protein content of potato tuber during storage. Six different nitrogen doses (N0= 0 kg/da, N1= 10 kg/da, N2= 20 kg/da, N3= 30 kg/da, N4= 40 kg/da, N5= 50 kg/da) to the main plots and three different irrigation applications (I1= irrigation with 66% reduction of full irrigation, I2= irrigation with 33% reduction of full irrigation, I3= full irrigation= application with irrigation when field capacity is reduced by 30%) in the sub-plots, divided plots in random blocks were established according to the experimental design in the research field of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies. According to the results, the protein content of the tuber increased with the increase of nitrogen content. However, increasing the amount of irrigation caused a decrease in protein content. On the other hand, the protein content increased as the storage time increased.In this study, which was carried out with the Agria potato variety in the Niğde region, it was concluded that water, fertilizer management and storage time are of great importance in terms of tuber protein in potato.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of some needle characteristics of stone pine tree in
Aydın / Koçarlı
Authors: Hajir Joban; Serra Hepaksoy
Abstract: Stone pine, which has the largest cone in the family of Pinaceae, has started to be accepted as a hard-shelled fruit species in recent years. The main areas that provide the most suitable climatic conditions in Türkiye are İzmir Bergama-Kozak, Aydın-Koçarlı regions. In this study, the development and properties of the needles of natural stone pine trees in two different areas, namely the area belonging to the Forest Management Directorate and Taşköy in the Aydın-Koçarlı region, were examined. For this purpose; one, two and three-years-old needle samples were taken from 1/3 of the top of the tree crown and from the light-exposed branches in 2 different periods in 2021, when one-year cones begin to form (in May-June) and fall of the one-year cones (in October). Differences were found between needle ages and trees in terms of the properties examined. As the needle age increased, there was an increase in length, thickness, wet weight and dry matter content. In general, it was determined that the length, thickness, fresh weight and dry matter accumulation of the needles of the trees in the Forest Management Directorate area were higher than the trees in Taşköy. With some exceptions, it was determined that there were increases in needle weight and dry matter accumulation in trees in both regions at the end of the vegetation period, depending on the increases in length and thickness at all ages compared to the beginning.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- The first record of Alternaria alternata causing shoot drying and dieback
in pine trees in Sanlıurfa landscape areas in Türkiye
Authors: Mehmet Güldür; Murat Dikilitaş, Berfin Kılınç, Eray Şimşek
Abstract: Shoot blight and dieback disease symptoms have been observed in the landscape areas of Sanlıurfa province of Türkiye recently. The number of trees showing symptoms of this type of disease is gradually spreading in the region. As a result of the isolations made from the symptomatic trees exhibiting typical disease symptoms, it was determined that the causative agent was Alternaria spp. based on the morphological observations of the fungal colonies and fungal structures developing on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) nutrient medium. Following pathogenicity test with using regional represantative isolates, symptoms similar to those observed in naturally infected pine trees were observed on artificially inoculated pine saplings and the fungal agent was re-isolated from these tissues. The morphological identification of the fungal agent was confirmed molecularly by amplifying and sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene region (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS4) and large subunit (LSU) gene region (NL1-NL4). The sequence result of the representative isolate (Accession number for ITS: OR145842; accession number for LSU; OR616592) registered in the GenBank showed 99.9% similarity with Alternaria alternata isolate. According to results of the morphological and molecular studies, this is the first report of A. alternata as a causal agent of shoot blight and dieback death disease on pine trees growing in Türkiye.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of the effectiveness of antibiotic addition to nutrient
media on mycelial growth during fungicidal activity studies
Authors: Berfin Kılınç; Murat Dikilitaş, Mehmet Güldür
Abstract: There have been some predictions that the antibiotics which are used to prevent contamination in nutrient media prepared for the growth of microorganisms affect the growth of the microorganisms. In this study, the inhibitory effect of antibiotics on mycelial growth was compared for Alternaria alternata. The fungal agent was grown on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) with or without tetracycline and streptomycin antibiotics in combination with fungicides [P* (pyraclastrobin+fluxapyroxad), D* (phosphorous acid), Ar* (azoxystrobin+cyproconazole), B* (prochloraz+trifloxystrobin+cyproconazole), and Y* (thiophanate methyl+tetraconazole)]. Inhibition rates of fungal growth on PDA containing antibiotics were 100% for P* and B* fungicides, 46.08% for Ar*, 35.29% for Y*, and 8.63% for D*, while in PDA without antibiotics it was 100% for P* and B* fungicides, 46.47% for Ar*, 30% for Y*, and 18.82% for D*. When the fungal agent was subjected to the fungicide test, there was a statistically significant difference between the fungicide treatments in both media (P≤0.05). The presence of antibiotics in the medium did not affect the experimental result, which was found to be statistically insignificant (P≥0.05). The results of the study showed that the addition of antibiotics to the growth medium under stress conditions (pesticides, NaCl, hormones, vitamins, heavy metals, etc.) in vitro conditions did not affect the experimental results.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Consumers’ attitudes toward probiotic dairy products in the
post-Covid-19 normalization process
Authors: Berrak Delikanlı Kıyak; İlkay Yılmaz
Abstract: Current studies conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic reported that contracting Covid-19 and related deaths was higher in undernourished and immunocompromised societies than in societies with a well-balanced diet. The consumption of various foods, beverages, nutritional supplements, and foods that support the immune system against Covid-19 was also recommended during this process. Probiotics are among the recommended foods to be consumed. This study aimed to determine the consumption tendencies of individuals toward probiotic dairy products in the post-Covid-19 normalization process. Data were collected through a survey from 315 adults residing in Ankara, Turkey, between September-November 2022 to identify their awareness of probiotic dairy products and their desire to consume them. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Findings were analyzed through IBM SPSS 25 statistics software using independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). No significant correlation was found between consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics and their knowledge or awareness levels about probiotic dairy products. However, female consumers and those with higher education levels were found to have an increased awareness of probiotic dairy products and purchasing likelihood. Additionally, those who contracted Covid-19 tended to consume these products to live healthier. The study emphasized awareness-raising consumers of the possibility of a healthier life by consuming probiotic dairy products.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Impact of out of pocket health expenditure on rice producers’ technical
efficiency in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Kazeem Aboaba; Oyeyode Obalola, Ridwan Mukaila, Oladele Oladeji, Samson Afolayan
Abstract: The costs of agricultural input are reduced by significant out-of-pocket health bills, which results in decreased productivity or poverty. The study examined the effect of out-of-pocket health expenditure on technical efficiency of rice producers in southwest Nigeria, using a translog functional form approach. The study's samples were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The findings had a mean area of farmland cultivated (3.02ha), output obtained (2438.33Kg), cost of drugs and herbs (₦8,253.44; $23.19), cost of medical consultation (₦1,378.82; $3.87), cost of feeding (₦751.57; $2.11), cost of travelling (₦732.96; $2.06) and cost on preventive measures (₦651.11; $1.83). On average rice farmers lost 32.37 days to illness and healthcare facilities were located 20.67Km from the farmers home. The rice farmers were able to obtain 91.5% output from their input mix. Area of farmland cultivated, quantity of seed, quantity of herbicide and tractor hour hired positively influenced rice output while labor and quantity of insecticide had negative effects. Increased cost of; drugs and herbs, medical consultation, and distance to healthcare provider decreases technical efficiency while increase in preventive cost of ill-health, and contact with health extension workers increase technical efficiency. The study concluded that rice growers were not operatin on the frontier.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Relationships between somatic cell count and milk amyloid A, electrical
conductivity, and pH in Holstein cattle, Red Holstein , Simmental breed
milk
Authors: Mürüvvet Kurt; Ali Kaygısız
Abstract: In this study, the investigation aimed to explore the relationships between somatic cell count (SCC) and milk amyloid A (MAA), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH in Holstein Friesian, Red Holstein and Simmental cattle milk. Among Holstein (46 head) and Red Holstein (13 head) cattle, 87% and 78%, respectively, exhibited no risk of SCC, while none of the Simmental breed (82 head) were within the risk category based on SCC. The study determined the SCC in Holstein cattle, Red Holstein, and Simmental breeds as 4.49±0.079, 4.40±0.091, and 4.20±0.111 cell ml-1, respectively. The average MAA levels were calculated as 343.80±26.40 ng ml-1 in Holstein, 286.20±24.520 ngml-1 in Red Holstein, and 479.85±76.79 ngml-1 in Simmental breeds. The pH values of milk samples were determined as 6.62±0.017 in Holstein, 6.67±0.016 in Red Holstein, and 6.58±0.084 in Simmental breeds. EC values were measured as 3.58±0.050 mS cm-1 in Holstein, 3.65±0.071 mS cm-1 in Red Holstein, and 1.21±0.019 mS cm-1 in Simmental breeds. The results suggest a significant association between SCC and MAA, even at lower concentrations in Holstein and Red Holstein breeds, implying the potential of breed-specific MAA as a physiological marker for subclinical mastitis. The lack of significant associations between EC, pH measurements, and SCC and MAA indicates their potential utility in determining milk quality rather than disease detection.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- The effects of different growing places on budding success and shoot
development in fig hybrids
Authors: Derya Kılıç; Oğuzhan Çalışkan
Abstract: This study was carried out to examine the effects of growing in open area, glasshouse, and plastic house on graft success and shoot growth in individuals obtained from the hybrid combination of Bursa Siyahı×Osmaniye02. In the study, Bursa Siyahı cultivar was used as rootstock in all three growing places and hybrid individuals were grafted to this rootstock with T budding. Budding take and bud sprout percentages (%), shoot diameter (mm) and shoot length (cm) values in different growing places were investigated. In the study, the highest budding take ratio was obtained from plastic house (97.95%). However, the highest budding sprout rate was found in open area (75.57%). The shoot diameter and length values differed according to the growing places. Open area grafts had the largest shoot diameter (22.82 mm) and shoot length (128.93 cm). In the plastic house, the shoot diameter was 16.21 mm and the shoot length was 84 cm, whereas the shoot diameter and length values in the glasshouse were determined as 13.83 mm and 100.13 cm, respectively. Shoot growth in hybrids in plastic house and glasshouse was faster in early spring than in the open field, but after June, shoot growth slowed down due to temperatures rising above 40°C in protected areas. The average shoot diameter growth had the highest value in October (17.03 mm) and November (17.54 mm) compared to other months.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Periodic changes in fruit quality characteristics of kiwifruit (Actinidia
deliciosa cv. Hayward) at different altitudes and determination of the
optimum harvest period
Authors: Ahmet Kara; Celil Toplu
Abstract: In this research, it was aimed to determine the periodic changes in the physical and biochemical quality characteristics of the fruits Hayward variety at different altitudes (370 m and 1193 m) in Mersin ecology and to determine the optimum harvest time. As the altitude increases, fruit weight (110.07 g - 99.09 g), fruit width (57.97 mm - 52.42 mm), fruit length (73.19 mm - 69.07 mm), TSS value (8.43% - 5.45%), fruit color a * value of the skin (6.30 - 4.14) and the amount of dry matter (13.01% -12.20%) decreased; fruit flesh hardness (1.36 kg /force - 2.28 kg /force), TEA value (1.36% - 1.46%), pH value (3.21 - 3., 39), fruit shell color L * value (32.96 - 36.62), b * (27.02 - 28.50) and vitamin C (82.67 mg / 100g - 92.09 mg / 100g) values were found to increase. In the study, during the sampling period fruit weight (79.39 g - 119.68 g), TSS value (4.34% - 10.52%), pH value (2.67 - 3.37), a * value (1.05 - 8.03), the amount of dry matter (9.69% - 14.55%) values increased; fruit flesh hardness (2.66 kg /force - 0.88 kg /force), fruit shell color L * value (42.24 - 28.74), b * value (31.18 - 24.59) and vitamin C (106.82 mg / 100g - 64.87 mg / 100g) values of decreased. As a result, the most suitable harvest time was determined as 15 September (TSS value: 6.64%) at low altitude Dağlı and 15 October (TSS value: 6.52%) at high altitude Sıraç.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of genetic diversity of edible-seeded watermelon genotypes
using SRAP markers
Authors: Ömer Faruk Coşkun; Seher Toprak, Kazım Mavi
Abstract: The watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) is one of the most commonly grown and consumed vegetables in the world. Some genotypes of watermelon, which have significant variations, have a snack potential due to their seed characteristics. In this study, SRAP (Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism) marker technique was used to determine the genetic relationship between some edible-seeded watermelon genotypes. A total of 166 bands were obtained in 24 genotypes and the polymorphism rate was calculated as 97.4%. Four main clusters were observed in the cluster analysis. It was determined that genotypes 2 and 7 clustered separately from the others. Structure analysis revealed that the genotypes consisted of two subpopulations. It was concluded that the edible-seeded watermelon genotypes can be genetically differentiated by the SRAP techniques. The results of this study can be used in breeding strategies for the improvement of the edible-seeded watermelon cultivars.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Assessment of leadership effectiveness among the executives and members of
farmers’ cooperative societies in Osun State, Nigeria: Implication for
agricultural development
Authors: Michael Famakinwa; Dorcas Lola Alabi, Sunday Ismael Salawu
Abstract: The study assessed the leadership effectiveness among the executives and members of farmers’ cooperative societies in Osun State, Nigeria. A structured interview schedule was used to gather quantitative data from 50 executives and 75 members of farmers’ cooperative societies across the state. Data were processed through IBM SPSS version 23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the majority (84%, 78.7%) of leaders and members were male and members were male while (98%, 94.5 %) were married with a mean age of 47.46 ± 13.73 and 40.36 ± 10.13 years. Also, the majority of the cooperative leaders emerged through election and mostly selected into leadership position based on active participation in cooperative activites. The majority of the leaders were very effective in leading discussions during meetings (mean=2.90) and managing cooperatives operations (mean=2.63). Also, irregular payment of loans and inadequate trainings were the problems facing leadership effectiveness. Years of farming experience (r= 0.788) and years of cooperative membership (r= 0.731) were significantly related to leadership effectiveness. It is concluded that, in order to enhance leaders’ effectiveness and consequently, agricultural development, capacity building through regular training, and workshops should be organised by relevant stakeholders.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Is dual-purpose flax production feasible in the Amik Plain' A preliminary
study on cultivar performance and harvesting stage
Authors: Yusuf Ziya Aygün; Aysel Arslan, Mehmet Mert
Abstract: The research aimed to investigate the yield and quality parameters of three flax varieties (Linum usitatissimum L.) at four different harvesting stages in Amik Plain in the 2021 growing seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split plot arrangement with three replications. Seed yield and quality parameters were determined after the maturation of seeds at the final harvesting. Harvesting stages (beginning of flowering, capsule formation, green-yellow ripening, and full ripening stages) significantly affected plant height, technical stem length, stem ratio, moisture, and plant fresh weight. Among the cultivars, significant differences were observed in terms of technical stem length, fiber ratio, stem ratio, 1000 seed weight and seed yield. Interaction effects were determined in terms of plant height and moisture ratio. While the cv. Noreum had greater fiber ratio (19.45%), stem ratio (50.97%) and seed yield (241.33 kg da-1), the cv. Karakız had the highest 1000 seed weight (7.99 g). The cv. Beyaz Gelin had the highest technical stem length (67.39 cm). In terms of technical stem length, fiber ratio, and stem ratio parameters, the cv. Beyaz Gelin and the cv. Noreum were in the same statistical group. The fact that harvesting stages do not affect the fiber ratio has led to the conclusion that planting for both purposes may be appropriate in the region.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Evaluation of goat farms in Mersin province in terms of animal welfare
Authors: Ali Kaygısız; İsa Yılmaz, Selma Ceylan
Abstract: This study was carried out by conducting a face-to-face survey with 120 people with 20 head or more goats in the Mersin province. As herd management, it has been determined that 70.0% of the farms are preparing for birth, 15.8% of the maternity chambers, 5.8% of nail care, and It was determined that 95.8% of preventive vaccinations were done. It was determined that it was done regularly and 4.2% of it was done irregularly. Among the competencies considered as a basic need in terms of animal welfare; Resting areas, lighting conditions, ventilation conditions, feeder areas and drinker area ratios were determined as 91.7%, 75.8%, 100%, 95.8% and 96.7%, respectively. From the adequacy of the venues; The adequacy ratios of kid shed, goat shed, sick animal shed, maternity kennel and milking kennel were found to be 64.2%, 50.8%, 14.2%, 11.6% and 6.7%, respectively. From the add-on parts; Presence of shearing place, foot washing pool, goat bath, vehicle bath, loading ramp and presence of administration/keepers’ house were found to be 4.2%, 1.7%, 1.7%, 0.8%, 2.5% and 20.8%, respectively. As a result, while it was determined that it was sufficient to meet the basic needs in terms of animal welfare in the farms, places such as shearing ground, foot washing pool, goat bath, loading ramp are also requirements in terms of animal welfare. Considering animal welfare and climate change; There is a need for more studies on breeding, housing, grazing, fighting diseases, animal breeding and breed preferences in order to ensure a sustainable goat breeding and its continuation as a profession.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- The effects of altitude and growing season on fruit quality properties in
‘Sultan’ hawthorn cultivar
Authors: Derya Kılıç; Oğuzhan Çalışkan, Safder Beyazit
Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the effects of two different altitudes (117 m/Antakya and 812 m/Belen) and three growing seasons (2020, 2021, and 2022 years) on some phenological periods and fruit quality characteristics of the ‘Sultan’ hawthorn cultivar. In the study, phenological stages such as first flowering, full flowering, end of flowering, and harvest date were observed. Fruit weight (g), fruit width (mm), fruit length (mm), number of seeds per fruit (pcs fruit-1), seed weight (g pcs-1), edible fruit ratio (%), total soluble solids (TSS %), pH and titratable acidity (%) were investigated. In addition, fruit skin and flesh colors were measured. According to the results, the flowering periods, harvest date and physical properties of the fruit were affected by the altitude and growing season in the ‘Sultan’ cultivar. The full flowering and harvest date of the ‘Sultan’ hawthorn cultivar grown at 117 m were 15 days and 22 days earlier, respectively, compared to 812 m. However, the average fruit weight of the cultivar was 28.74% higher at 812 m compared to 117 m. As a result, favorable results were obtained from the cultivation of the ‘Sultan’ hawthorn cultivar, especially at an altitude of 812 m for fruit size and 117 m for earliness.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles, phytochemical and mineral
contents of pepper spice types in Türkiye
Authors: Ümit Haydar Erol; Pınar Gümüş, Bekir Bülent Arpacı
Abstract: Peppers are significant crops frequently used in cooking or as spice. Numerous phytochemicals, including capsaicinoids, phenolics, and carotenoids are found in peppers. Capsaicinoids are responsible for the distinctively pungent flavor. A comparative study of the proximate, mineral, fatty acid composition, and phytochemical components of 15 types of pepper spices (1 Isot Pepper Flake, 4 Chili Powders, and 10 Chili Pepper Flakes) were investigated. Analysis of the proximate composition included moisture content (6.54-19.49%), ash content (6.53-22.48%) and acid insoluble ash content (0.41-1.12%). Total phenolic content ranged from 9.72 to 20.05 mg GAE g-1. The lowest and highest capsaicinoid content were found in S15 (10247.6 Scoville Heat Unit (SHU)) and S9 (38861.7 SHU) samples, respectively. Total carotenoid content ranged from 739.8–1941.7 mg kg-1. Phytochemical analyses revealed that these spices are high in phytonutrients such as carotenoid and capsaicinoid. Mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, manganese, and sodium were also present in the spices, which are essential for human nutrition.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of polymorphisms in the HSP90AA1 gene region in some Turkish
sheep populations by AS-PCR
Authors: Eymen Demir
Abstract: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones protecting living cells from the negative effects of extreme ambient temperatures. In this study, genetic polymorphisms of the HSP90AA1 gene were monitored via Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR) in three native Turkish sheep populations namely İvesi (IVS), Güney Karaman (GKR), and Karakaş (KRK). The HSP90AA1 was polymorphic in all populations yielding two alleles (C and G) and three genotypes (CC, CG, and GG). The G allele frequency was higher than the C allele frequency in all populations. The lowest (0.100) and highest (0.246) CC frequency was observed in KRK and IVS, respectively, while the GG genotype frequency varied between 0.250 (GKR) and 0.600 (KRK). Significant deviation (p<0.001) from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was detected in the IVS breed in terms of the HSP90AA1 gene. The genetic distance-based phylogenetic tree indicated that GKR was genetically different from IVS and KRK populations in terms of the HSP90AA1 polymorphism. These variations regarding the HSP90AA1 gene should be conserved, since the negative effects of global warming and climate change are expected to be more hazardous in the future. Besides, these genetic variations may be utilized by the farmers to design comprehensive selection strategies against heat stress in native Turkish sheep populations.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Effect of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) addition on fermentation
and digestion level in lamb diets
Authors: Yakup Bilal; Bilal Selçuk, Tuğba Bakır, Hülya Akçam
Abstract: In this study, field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) was used as a coarse forage source, replacing alfalfa hay at increasing levels in lamb rations to achieve iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous conditions with 17% crude protein and 2500 kcal/kg dry matter. The gas production (GP), methane production, methane percentage, true digestible dry matter (TDDM), partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein (MP), microbial protein synthesis efficiency (MPSE), and true digestion degree (TDD) values of the rations were determined using the in vitro gas production technique. The 24-hour gas production values of the rations ranged from 91.4 to 95 ml (500 mg DM). Methane production varied between 12.8 and 15.68 ml. The methane (ml) and methane (%) of the rations were found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). In the study, TDDM, PF, MP, MPSE, and TDD (%) values were found to be in the range of 297.22 mg – 302.63 mg, 3.13 – 3.40, 88.21 mg – 110.17 mg, 29.68% - 35.28%, and 64.72% - 67.31%, respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis of the rations revealed a negative relationship between methane (ml) and methane (%) with PF, MP, MPSE, and TDD values. A positive correlation was found among TDDM, PF, MP, MPSE, and TDD values (P <0.01). The use of field bindweed instead of alfalfa hay reduced methane production by 18.36%. To observe the impact of field bindweed on dry matter intake and live weight gain in ruminant animals, further in vivo studies are required.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Isolation and identification of Podospora flexuosa (syn. Cladorrhinum
flexuosum), a potential biocontrol agent detected in sugar beet
cultivation areas in Türkiye
Authors: Meltem Avan; Rıza Kaya
Abstract: Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is widely cultivated in Konya province of Türkiye and about one third of Türkiye’s sugar beet production is obtained from this province. As a result of the isolations made from plants showing severe root rot and desiccation symptoms in sugar beet fields in the region in 2015-2017, a new endophytic fungal isolate was obtained from leaves along with soil and foliar disease agents belonging to different fungal species. The fungal isolate has dull yellow, light olive to light brown, fast growing colony-like, flexible conidiophores and septate branched hyphae. The representative fungal isolate did not cause disease symptoms on host plant leaves. Molecular identification of the fungal isolate was carried out using primers specific to the ITS gene region, and it was identified as Podospora flexuosa (syn. Cladorrhinum flexuosum) based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Since P. flexuosa is reported to be a biological control agent living as a saprophyte in soil and plant materials, it is thought that the fungal isolate obtained in our study can be used as a potential biocontrol agent in the biological control of plant disease agents in the future. To the best of our knowledge, this fungal species is reported for the first time for Türkiye.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Differences in physiological indicators of seed germination in durum wheat
cultivars subjected to salinity stress
Authors: Neslihan Doruk Kahraman; Ali Topal
Abstract: This study was conducted using ten different varieties of durum wheat (Altıntaş-95, Ç-1252, Dumlupınar, Eminbey, Kunduru-1149, Kızıltan-91, Mirzabey-2000, Soylu, Svevo, Türköz) to evaluate germination and early seedling stage under salt stress induced by increasing sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations. In the study, some indices of germination and seedling development were calculated and analyzed. Salt stress significantly reduced germination capacity (GC), germination index (GI), while increasing the stress index (SI). Seedling growth and initial vitality (IV) were also significantly inhibited. Varietal differences emerged in all of these traits: Altıntaş-95 was the least affected variety, while Kızıltan-91 and Svevo were the most affected, and other varieties fell in between. Depending on the varieties, salt stress reduced germination capacity and also affected seedling development. Under low salt stress conditions (0-3 g L-1 NaCl), it is believed that the main reason for the negative impact on germination is osmotic stress. Indeed, salt delayed germination by inhibiting water uptake by plants. Similarly, at high salt levels (6 g L-1 NaCl), salt damaged the cellular structures of plants, significantly impacting both germination and seedling growth. In this context, it would be accurate to say that the first viability and stress index, which clearly distinguishes between the varieties studied, are useful traits for identifying salt-tolerant plant genotypes and can be employed in related studies.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Agricultural crop based water budget model: Seyhan Basin case
Authors: Fizyon Sönmez Erdoğan; Süha Berberoğlu, Mehmet Akif Erdoğan
Abstract: Spatial information technologies allow more accurate, reliable, affordable and rapid assessment of agro-ecological factors such as soil, climate, plant species, water demand, etc. that affect agricultural production directly. This technology has made it possible to support the sustainability of agricultural lands by enabling a much more accurate determination of location-based product preference. In this study, the water satisfaction index, total water requirement, excess water and deficit water values were estimated with the spatial information technology supported Crop Water Budget Model (Agrometshell) for the Seyhan Basin and the location based most suitable crop type among 23 crop groups was proposed. The water satisfaction index obtained for the crop groups took values between 0 to 100. When the statistics of the water sufficiency maps are analysed, it is determined that the highest water satisfaction percentage in the Seyhan Basin is for the product groups of legume forage crops, cruciferous crops and viticulture. The crop groups with the lowest water satisfaction percentages were found at nightshade crops, hard-shelled fruits and warm climate cereals. With the crop water budget model, the phenological development of plants was monitored and at the same time, it estimated how climatic conditions would affect the development of crops. Thus, it is thought that risk analyses will contribute to the studies that will guide in taking measures against these risks. Within the scope of this study, GIS was also used in the process of visualising and evaluating the outputs and thus, the model results were better expressed.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of fresh and dry herb yield and quality characterization of
different coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) populations grown under
Eastern Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Ahmet Mert; Nadire Pelin Bahadırlı
Abstract: Coriandrum sativum L., an annual herb from the Apiaceae family, is widely distributed in Near Eastern countries, including the Middle East. Fresh herb and dry seeds have culinary and medicinal uses. In this study, ten different coriander seed samples, collected from various regions of Türkiye were cultivated under the same ecological conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean region. These samples were chosen based on seed size. The study employed samples obtained from Denizli, Hatay (Altınözü, Samandağ), Ankara, Burdur, in addition to five commercially available seed samples .The objective of this research was to assess herb yield and some quality characteristics within these populations. The cultivated populations were assessed for plant height, number of branches, fresh leaf rate, fresh herb yield, fresh herb essential oil (EO) yield, dry herb yield, and dry herb EO yield. Plant height varied between 29.0 and 40.6 cm; with the number of branches ranging from 3.4 to 5.0 per plant, and the fresh leaf rate was between 35.9% and 44.9%. The fresh herb yields of the samples were 687.93-1902.5 kg da-1, while the fresh herb EO content was approximately 0.03%. Dry herb yield was ranged 89.7-279.9 kg da-1, dry herb EO yield ranging 0.2 to 0.5 L da-1. Samples originating from Altınözü exhibited superior results in terms of fresh herb yield, fresh herb EO content, dry herb yield and dry herb EO yield.
PubDate: Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +030
