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Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 0120-0135 - ISSN (Online) 2256-2273
Published by Universidad de Nariño

[8 journals]

Detection of Groundnut ringspot virus carried by Frankliniella sp. on
watermelon fields in Brazilian Cerrado
- Authors: Ananias Pinto de Queiroz, Melissa Alexandra Romero, Gil Rodrigues dos Santos, Raimundo Wagner de Souza Aguiar
  Pages: e2211 - e2211
  Abstract: Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) is an important crop in Brazil and affected by relevant insect vectors, including thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). The present work was focused on evaluating the presence of Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) associated with Frankliniella sp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in watermelon, C. lanatus , cultivated in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Several species of thrips were collected from four commercial crops located in Gurupi, Lagoa da Confusao, Formoso do Araguaia and Porto Nacional counties, all of them belonging to the Brazilian state of Tocantins). The total viral RNA obtained from the thrips was enriched and used to perform ugh RT-PCR. Using specific primers, a 644 bp fragment of the GRSV nucleocapsid was identified in all insect samples, which allowed us to perform a phylogenetic analysis with GRSV sequences described for other geographical regions. The findings demonstrate the wide distribution of the GRSV virus in commercial watermelon crops in the Brazilian Cerrado Biome. The association with Frankliniella sp. is highlighted as one of the most relevant vector pathways in this region of high intensity and advanced agriculture. In addition, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between GRSV sequences from South Africa and Brazil. These findings may contribute to the understanding of GRSV distribution in watermelon crops in different localities of Brazilian Cerrado Biome.
  PubDate: 2023-08-31
  DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234002.211
  Issue No: Vol. 40, No. 2 (2023)
Allometric model for height estimation of Alnus acuminata Kunth in
agroecological zones of the high Andean tropics
- Authors: Pedro Pablo Bacca-Acosta, Bayron Giovanny Obando-Enriquez, Jose Libardo Lerma-Lasso, María Camila Ortega-Cepeda, Manfred Ricardo Palacio, John Jairo Zuluaga-Peláez
  Pages: e2209 - e2209
  Abstract: The complexity in the management of field tools for recording dasometric information has led to the use of allometric equations that save time, work, and costs allowing the estimation of variables that are difficult to record, such as total height (TH). The objective of this research was to develop an allometric equation for the species Alnus acuminata in order to calculate TH from the diameter at breast height (DBH). At the Obonuco-AGROSAVIA Research Center in Pasto (Nariño), dasometric information was recorded for 75 months for 200 even-aged trees. Four models were evaluated: linear, polynomial, Mixed linear (random effect per tree age), and Mixed linear (random effect per tree). For the selection of the best model, the criteria were used with the lowest values of Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC). The information was analyzed using the "Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Models" package, R software. The results revealed that A. acuminata had an 81% survival; the TH average was 7.4 ± 1.3 m; and the average DBH was 9.51 ± 2.23cm. The average annual increase of DBH was 1.5 cm year-1, and the TH was 1.18 m∙ per year-1. The mixed linear model confirmed the assumptions of normality, independence, and homogeneity of variances in addition of having good criteria in its predictive performance and efficiency through the equation TH=2.07+0.35*DBH+0.95*Age. This research contributes to the management of native species of the high tropics by designing an equation for the first vegetative growth phases of A. acuminata in high mountain agroecological zones.
  PubDate: 2023-08-28
  DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234002.209
  Issue No: Vol. 40, No. 2 (2023)
Physiological characterization of Carica papaya L. variety UN Cotové
- Authors: Ruby Alejandra Loaiza, José Régulo Cartagena, Carlos Felipe Barrera-Sánchez , Oscar de Jesús Córdoba-Gaona
  Pages: e2210 - e2210
  Abstract: The application of plant physiological principles in genetic improvement allows to approach with greater ease, the solution of the limitations of the agricultural production in an integral and articulated way. For this reason, physiological indicators were used as criteria for the selection of UN Cotové papaya variety plants, which serve as parents for a species breeding program. Eighteen individuals were selected for monthly gas exchange measurements, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf area index. The data analysis was done with multivariate non-hierarchical clustering and factorial analysis. Two clusters were generated that did not group morphotypes regarding the gas exchange, quantum yield of Photosystem II (PSII), and leaf area index (LAI). ANOVA established significant differences between plants for most variables. The means were compared with the Tukey test (P < 0.05). Six plants presented better yield, positioning them as a promising material to obtain a papaya variety with outstanding characteristics under tropical dry forest (TDF) conditions.
  PubDate: 2023-08-28
  DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234002.210
  Issue No: Vol. 40, No. 2 (2023)
The Effect of microparticulate from whey protein concentrates on the
characteristics of fresh cheese
- Authors: Edinson Eliecer Bejarano-Toro, Eduardo Rodríguez-Sandoval, José Uriel Sepúlveda-Valencia
  Pages: e2208 - e2208
  Abstract: Whey, obtained from cheese manufacturing, has a significant environmental impact due to its organic load and volume produced. Therefore, validating technologies that allow its valorization due to its content of ingredients of high nutritional or functional value becomes relevant for the dairy industry. Microparticulate whey protein (MWP) has been used to produce cheeses and has the potential to improve process performance. We seek to develop and optimize the characteristics of a MWP to be used to make white cheese. For this, factors such as temperature, from 73 to 93°C, and retention time from 3 to 17 min of the heat treatment were evaluated. We assessed zeta potential, particle size, color, protein retention coefficient, and cheese yield as response variables using a response surface design with 14 experiments. Optimum conditions were 93°C for 5.4 min retention. In the white cheese production, two inclusion percentages were tested: 3 and 5% (w/w); and the impact on characteristics like yield, protein retention, and texture was evaluated with respect to a control cheese that was not added with MWP. We found that 3% inclusion is more suitable because it keeps textural characteristics closer to traditional cheese. The MWPs add value to whey and cheese by improving performance and enabling the retention of proteins of high biological and nutritional value.
  PubDate: 2023-08-20
  DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234002.208
  Issue No: Vol. 40, No. 2 (2023)
Persian lemon in the Mexican counties of Nayarit and Veracruz: Foliar
sampling period for nutritional diagnosis
- Authors: Adriana Mellado-Vázquez, Samuel Salazar-García, Carlos Hernández-Guerra
  Abstract: In Mexico, Nayarit and Veracruz stand out as producers of Persian lemon. Nayarit has a larger surface area with high production potential and a 68% expansion of its cultivated area in the last 10 years. Veracruz has larger planted area and production volume. This investigation was conducted aiming to determine the period of nutritional stability in Persian lemon leaves and define the appropriate time to perform foliar sampling for nutritional diagnosis. In 2017, rainfed orchards were selected in both states. Per orchard, 20 trees were selected, 50 shoots were marked per flow (Nayarit winter and summer, Veracruz winter and spring), and sampled monthly. Soil and foliar nutrient analysis was performed (total nitrogen (N-total) (semi-microKjeldahl digestion), nitrates (NO3) (colorimetry), potassium (K) (atomic absorption), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), (ICP-Optical Coupled Plasma using an ICAP 7200 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific®), and boron (B) (colorimetry) (Genesis 20 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific®)). Daily predicted values were calculated and the best functions (highest R2, lowest mean square of the error and value of the Mallows coefficient) were chosen. Mathematical derivatives and criteria were calculated to determine the best period for sampling. For Nayarit, the appropriate period for leaf sampling was the summer flush of July 29 to August 18 and from February 8 to March 19 for the winter flush. In Veracruz, it was from April 10 to May 10 for the winter flush and from September 23 to October 8 for the spring flush.
  PubDate: 2023-08-14
  DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234002.206
  Issue No: Vol. 40, No. 2 (2023)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal characterization associated with Uncaria guianensis
and Uncaria tomentosa in Amazonian soils
- Authors: Lina Paola Garzón , Clara Patricia Peña-Venegas
  Pages: e2207 - e2207
  Abstract: There are some plant species with cultural and economic importance in the Amazon, such as Uncaria guianensis and U. tomentosa, both commonly named “cat's claw”. Since these species grow in soils with low levels of organic matter and nutrients, both depend on arbuscular mycorrhizae to grow. The information about arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities for U. tomentosa is limited and there is no current research on U. guianensis. Therefore, this research provides additional information on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities associated with Uncaria species in Amazonian soils. Both the percentage of root colonization and the influence of the edaphic composition in the two species were determined. Also, the richness and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were assessed using the spore isolation method and also, through the molecular analysis of virtual taxa. In addition, the difference between the soils was analyzed. Although U. guianensis grows in both Oxisols and Alluvial Entisols and U. tomentosa is restricted to Oxisols, sporulation of AM and root colonization does not respond significantly to variations in soil chemical properties. Additionally, 72 virtual taxa were identified for Uncaria species (53 U. tomentosa and 19 U. guianensis) and the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was higher in roots of Uncaria species than in soils. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community that colonizes the roots of Uncaria species indicates that these species behave as wild species; therefore, the ex-situ propagation of the species in agricultural systems could be less successful than forest enrichment.
  PubDate: 2023-08-13
  DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234002.207
  Issue No: Vol. 40, No. 2 (2023)
Competitive ability of common bean cultivars in the presence of Urochloa
plantaginea
- Authors: Otilo Daniel Henz Neto, Janaíne Oliveira Toso, Leandro Galon, Caroline Müller, Cesar Tiago Forte, Leonardo Brunetto, João Paulo Giacomini, Gismael Francisco Perin
  Pages: 2204 - 2204
  Abstract: Weeds are the main constraints to high bean productivity. Here, we aimed to investigate the competitive ability of black type bean cultivars BRS Campeiro and SCS Predileto in coexistence with alexandergrass, Urochloa plataginea. The experimental design employed a replacement series arrangement, and the experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with four replicates. Once the appropriate plant density was determined, the experiments proceeded with the following ratios of bean to U. plataginea plants per pot: 20:00, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15, and 0:20. Fifty-five days after the emergence of the plants, physiological and morphological traits were analyzed. Diagrams were made to analyze the relative productivity (RP), total relative productivity (TRP), and the competitiveness indices. Based on RP and TRP, a similar competitive mechanism for environmental resources was observed for both bean cultivars in the presence of U. plataginea. Variables such as leaf area, dry matter, stem diameter, and plant height of the bean cultivars were negatively affected by U. plataginea, indicating a superior competitive ability for environmental resources. However, considering only the 10:10 plants per plot ratio, beans showed higher relative growth than U. plataginea, represented by relative competition indices, relative clustering coefficients, and aggressiveness. Intraspecific competition was found to be more harmful than interspecific competition for both crop and weed species.
  PubDate: 2023-06-25
  DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234002.204
  Issue No: Vol. 40, No. 2 (2023)
Tetrazolium test to estimate the physiological quality of tamarind
(Tamarindus indica L.) seeds
- Authors: Jenry Rafael Hernández, Camilo José Iguaran-Diaz, Hermes Araméndiz-Tatis, Carlos Enrique Cardona-Ayala, Miguel Mariano Espitia-Camacho
  Pages: 2205 - 2205
  Abstract: Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a fruit tree of African origin cultivated in more than 50 countries, including Colombia, mainly in the Colombian Caribbean departments, where its harvest generates significant income in rural communities. Its establishment presents a difficulty because the sexual seed presents physical dormancy and poor germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate Tamarind seed viability by using the tetrazolium test and to reduce the time needed for the determination of its physiological quality. Ripe and healthy fruits were collected from patio trees, from which their seeds were extracted, disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite, and washed with plenty of water before use. Subsequently, they were scarified with No. 100 sandpaper by the edges, except in the area of the micropyle. The completely random design was used in a 3x3 bifactorial arrangement, with four repetitions. The first factor, tetrazolium concentration (%), was tested at levels of 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00%, and the second factor, immersion time, at 2, 4, and 6 hours. The analysis of variance did not show significance for the tetrazolium concentration, while it did for the immersion time (p≤0.01), and the tetrazolium-time interaction (p≤0.05). Therefore, the concentration of 0.50% tetrazolium for six hours of immersion is a reliable alternative to determine the physiological quality of tamarind seeds compared to conventional germination testing due to its low cost and execution time. Likewise, the percentages of germination and germination speed index were higher when the seed was scarified with sandpaper than the conventional method.
  PubDate: 2023-07-10
  DOI: 10.22267/rcia.20234002.205
  Issue No: Vol. 40, No. 2 (2023)