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Journal of Sustainable Society
Number of Followers: 2  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 2168-2585 - ISSN (Online) 2168-2593 Published by World Scholars  [7 journals]
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- The Effects of Socio-Economic Activities on River Ethiope
Authors: P. O Okumagba, F Ozabor
Pages: 1 - 6
Abstract: This paper is on the effects of socio-economic activities on River Ethiope. The paper focused on how socio-economic activities affect Ethiope River quality and its usability, with a view to proffering solutions to the effects of socio-economic on the river. To achieve this, 200 questionnaires were randomly administered on respondents in the area. To ascertain if there was a difference in the sources of pollution both in the urban and in the rural area along the river channel, the paired ‘t’ test was used. The results however reveals, socio-economic activities (cassava processing, cloth washing, discharge of sewage waste by the various resort centres on the river, etc) significantly affect the river quality; while the paired ‘t’ test result showed that the sources of the river pollution does not vary both in the urban and in the rural area (table value 1.943>calculated value 1.596). It was however, recommended that; public awareness on the effects of polluted water should be carried out by both the government and NGO’s; alternative sources of water be developed in the area for agricultural and industrial uses; the activities of the various resort centres and people living in the area should be monitored by the ministry of health so as to punish offenders.
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in Delta State Nigeria
Authors: F Ozabor, A Obisesan
Pages: 5 - 12
Abstract: This study is about gas flaring and its impacts on temperature, agriculture and the people of Ebedei in Delta State, Nigeria. The study utilized empirical research design.The stratified sampling technique was used to stratify the area into six layers using distance from the flare site as a yardstick, thus the strata include 150m, 250m, 350m, 450m, 550m, 650m from the flare site. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for the analysis of data. Findings include: majority of respondents (93.75%) suggest that the temperature in Ebedei was cooler than it is now as compared to the 6.25% that responded otherwise; the effects of gas flaring on the environment include acid rain (73.3%), air pollution (92.1%), temperature rise (84.6%), and deforestation (82.1%). The following crops are currently being affected by Gas flaring in Ebedei; yam 94.6%, cassava 90%, Okra 98.75%, plantain 50.4%, potatoes 5%. Places closer to the flare site were hotter than places further from the flare site (mean annual temperature at 150m from the site is 29.1 0C at 650m it is 28.10C). The ANOVA model was significant at P>0.000. This implied that the variation in temperature in terms of distance from the flare site within Ebedei area is significant.
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Livelihood Activities of Community Beneficiaries in the Niger Delta,
Nigeria
Authors: Jemimah Timothy Ekanem, Ike Nwachukwu, Unyime Robson Etuk
Pages: 7 - 14
Abstract: The study assessed the impact of Shell Petroleum Development Company’s (SPDC) sustainable community development (SCD) approach to interventions in the Niger Delta region. It specifically assessed performance of projects implemented through SCD approach against projects’ objectives and also assessed projects impact on livelihood activities of the beneficiaries. A desk review of SPDC’s approaches to project implementation was done and a field work was carried out during which opinion leaders, youth, women leaders were interviewed and field observation of the projects were made. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and composite index. Response on the level of performance of SPDC’s agricultural intervention revealed that the project performance was high, but there was an average level of impact on the livelihood activities of the beneficiaries as it did not exceed 0.699 index range. It was concluded that the SCD approach used for the implementation of the community projects was less effective, thus the project objectives were not fully achieved. Therefore, SPDC should re-strategize her community development initiatives to achieve her goal of sustainability.
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Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: J. A Folayan
Pages: 12 - 19
Abstract: The study was carried out to determine some of the factors that were responsible for post harvest losses of maize in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State. Data for the study were collected with the aid of a well structured questionnaire from a sample of one hundred (100) respondents which was drawn from five (5) purposively selected villages in the study area. The data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage and regression analysis. The findings revealed that 69% of the maize farmers were male while 76% of them were married. The results further showed that 85% of the farmers were literate, 69% of them acquired their farmlands from communal sources and by inheritance. Also, 75% of the farmers obtained maize seeds from either the ADP or their cooperative societies. The results of the study indicated that 51% of the farmers in the study area had access to and obtained extension messages from extension agents. The major problems faced by the farmers in the study area were inadequate finance, insect pest attack, high cost of transportation and price instability, among others. The results of the regression analysis showed that gender, source of information and type of storage facilities were some of the determinants of postharvest losses in the study area. Efforts to reduce postharvest losses in maize should therefore be directed at providing appropriate information on postharvest handling of maize and to facilitate access to appropriate storage facilities for maize.
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Authors: Xiaorong Mi, Yunshan Song
Pages: 31 - 35
Abstract: In the recently promulgated Decisions at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China put forward new strategic objective and task about China social development, which enhanced economic construction to a strategic height of developing the entire social civilization and required vigorous promotion of economic construction and building of a “wild China”. This indicates that the ruling party of China has had progressed idea of governing and improvement of government level. Nevertheless, given the various contradictions and difficulties in the rapid Chinese social development, it is an issue to be investigated whether the objective and task of ecological civilization construction can be achieved.
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Authors: J O Basorun, G Fadairo
Pages: 31 - 35
Abstract: It is a common knowledge that poverty is rapidly becoming an urban phenomenon. The vast majority of urban dwellers are the low-income earners who are in disadvantage economic position to make effective demand of adequate housing. This paper examines the activities of Ekiti state government in housing the poor in Ado-Ekiti (regional centre) within the framework of the policies on housing reform in Nigeria. The study adopts simple descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentages in data analysis of direct government housing provision in the emerging city. The results of these efforts show insignificant re-housing gains on the urban poor. The complexity associated with the government housing approach has made it difficult to realize health and economic benefits including added investments in housing improvement in the area. Policy recommendations are set forth based on research findings with a view to attaining sustainable housing development at the regional centre.
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Pigeon Pea in a Pigeon Pea-Groundnut Intercropping System in Malawi
Authors: Austin Tenthani Phiri, John J Msaky, Jerome Mrema, George Yobe Kanyama-Phiri, Rebbie Harawa
Pages: 36 - 48
Abstract: Preliminary assessment of the performance of the medium and long duration pigeon pea in a pigeon pea-groundnut intercropping system was conducted at Chitedze Agricultural Research Station (S 130 59’ 23.2”, E0330 38’ 36.8”) in the 2011/2012 cropping season. An experiment involving eight treatments replicated three times in a randomized complete block design was established. Two pigeon pea varieties, long (ICEAP 04000) and medium duration (ICEAP 00557) and groundnut (CG 7) were grown as monocultures and intercrops. The intercrops involved planting either of the pigeon pea varieties with groundnut. Baseline soil data indicate that the soil pH was acid to moderately acid both in the top (mean=5.4-5.7) and the sub soil (mean=5.4-5.6) in all the treatment plots, with mostly low to marginally adequate total nitrogen content both in the top (mean=0.08-0.14%) and the sub soil (mean=0.09-0.13%). The soil organic carbon content was medium in the top soil (mean=0.9-1.6%) as well as sub soil (mean=1.1-1.6%) across the treatment plots. At the same time soil phosphorus was low to marginally adequate in the top soil (mean=16.8-27.6 mg kg-1) and marginally adequate in the sub soil (mean=20.8-25.6 mg kg-1), suggesting low soil fertility. The assessment of the above ground groundnut biomass indicate a mean yield range of 479-656 kg ha-1. While the assessment of the total biomass yield of the pigeon pea varieties indicate a mean yield range of 2,034-2,593 kg ha-1. In terms of estimated nitrogen yields returned to the soil, the medium duration pigeon pea-groundnut intercrop (mean=50.6 kg N ha-1) and the long duration pigeon pea-groundnut intercrop (mean=49.6 kg N ha-1) gave significantly (p<0.05) higher yields than by the monocultures of long duration pigeon pea (mean=41.1 kg N ha-1) and medium duration pigeon pea (mean=41.0 kg N ha-1). Statistically (p<0.05), the lowest amount of estimated nitrogen yield was generated by the groundnut sole crop (mean=12.8 kg N ha-1). Overall, the intercrops showed yield advantage (total LER >1.0) compared with the monoculture on equal land area. For the Malawian smallholder farmers, this suggests that mineral N supplementation in a legume-cereal rotation system for enhanced crop productivity might be less in the double legume-cereal rotation mode than in a legume monoculture-cereal rotation system.
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Ecological Zone of Nigeria: Risks and Opportunities
Authors: Abaje I B, Ati O F, Iguisi E O
Pages: 44 - 51
Abstract: This study examines the recent trends and fluctuations in the rainfall regime of the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria in order to discuss the risks and opportunities involve. Rainfall data (1949-2008) for eight meteorological stations were used for this analysis. In order to identify trends, the rainfall series was sub-divided into 30-year overlapping sub-periods (1949-1978, 1959-1988, 1969-1998 and 1979-2008) and the Cramer’s (tk) test was then used to compare the means of the sub-periods with the mean of the whole record period. The results of the test revealed that there was a change towards wetter conditions in the last 30-year period. The student’s t-test, td, was also used to examine the temporal changes in the rainfall series between the two non-overlapping sub-periods (1949-1978 and 1979-2008) and the result shows that Nguru and Katsina were significantly drier than the long-term mean. The 10-year running mean shows that annual rainfall for all the stations were below the long-term mean from the late 1960s to the early 1990s and above-average afterwards. The results of the linear trend lines revealed an increase in rainfall supply over the period of study. Some of the implications of these findings are that models built on the perceived decreasing rainfall, such as drainages, dams, have to be reviewed. On the other hand, farmers would take the advantage of the long growing seasons by the adoption of multiple cropping systems. It is recommended that government policies related to agriculture and water resources development should take into account the risks and opportunities associated with increasing wet conditions in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria.
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Knowledge Acquisition among Varying School Hockey Players
Authors: Sanmuga Nathan
Pages: 49 - 58
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and sustainability of three hybrid training styles on school boys with, varying skill levels in field hockey. The three hybrid training styles incorporated three teaching styles from Mosston‘s Spectrum of Teaching Style (Mosston & Ashworth, 2002) and tactical model of TGFU: (a) Style B Tactical (SBT), (b) Style E Tactical (SET), and Style H Tactical (SHT). Students in Physical Education classes with n = 225 boys were selected via stratified random sampling technique. Findings indicate that three hybrid training styles were effective in the speed and accuracy of executing general hockey skills, learning declarative and procedural knowledge. Findings also indicate that only the SHT hybrid model sustained its performance across the three posttests on procedural knowledge. Results also indicated that High skilled students (HS) showed significant improvement in speed and accuracy while executing general hockey skills. The findings illustrate that these hybrid styles appear to be suitable for a long-term training program.
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Authors: Uwem Essia
Pages: 52 - 62
Abstract: The importance of entrepreneurial competencies is widely acknowledged, but its systematic incorporation into formal education in Nigeria has been quite slow. This paper contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship, and how formal education can be transformed through entrepreneurial acculturation. More specifically, a framework for entrepreneurial culturing of undergraduate programmes of universities in Nigeria is proposed. Formal education is a core component of enterprise development because the larger proportion of the population go through it to actualize their career goals; hence the need to mainstream entrepreneurial training in tertiary education. But doing so calls for comprehensive review of the curricula to accommodate more action learning, internship, fieldwork, and running of mini-companies by students. Drawing on lessons from the experiences of the UK and other European Community countries, the paper proposes the entrepreneurial culturing programme (ECP) as a framework for mainstreaming entrepreneurial competencies in the undergraduate programmes of Nigerian universities. Workability and sustainability of ECP call for sound fiscal governance, effective partnership and collaboration with private investors and donors, and regular monitoring to reward high performing students, teachers, and institutions appropriately.
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Twenty–First Century
Authors: Ufiem Maurice Ogbonnaya
Pages: 59 - 65
Abstract: Since the twentieth century, intensifying global transformations have led to the spread of religious extremism and jihadist movements. In the United States, there was the Al-Qaeda terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre on September 11, 2001and similar attacks in Britain, Spain and other parts of Europe within the same period. Since 2011, sectarian clashes have lingered in northern Lebanon following the arrest of a Lebanese Islamist linked to the Syrian uprising. In Africa, the Boko Haram Islamic sect with known religious preferences and belief system has occasioned national security crisis in Nigeria. In Mali, the Tuareg fighters with support from Al-Qaeda have stoked a simmering rebellion in the country. All this has created global security challenges which threaten the security of nation-states and their citizens. This paper seeks to establish the nexus between globalization and the spread of religious extremism and how it poses a threat to global security.
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for Quality Education in Nigerian Secondary Schools
Authors: S O Bandele
Pages: 66 - 68
Abstract: The study investigated students’ and teachers’ gender rating pattern of accountability scale for quality education of Nigerian Secondary Schools. Participants were 628 students and 419 teachers selected from the public schools in Ekiti, Lagos and Ondo States of Nigeria using stratified, simple random sampling techniques. Data collected were analyzed using t-test inferential statistics. The findings revealed that there is significant relationship between the male and female students’ rating of the accountability scale while there is no significant relationship between the teachers’ gender in ratings on accountability scale.
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Authors: Olong Matthew Adefi, Agbonika Josephine Aladi
Pages: 70 - 77
Abstract: The article examined that in the light of the 3rd millennium the Nigerian woman is still debased by some practices that invariably hinder her attainment to the highest political office in Nigeria. The practices include but not limited to the setting up of different laws for men and women under the Sharia Penal Code, the requirement of a written consent from the husband of a woman to obtain her international passport, the illicit trade in women as abound in most parts of Nigeria, the Igbo customary law of inheritance based on the principle of primogeniture as in other parts of Nigeria, and lack of access to courts by the rural women majority. Books, articles in journals, newspapers, unpublished materials and relevant internet materials have been utilized. The Nigerian environment is fraught with cultural, institutional and legal constraints that limit the potencies of the Nigerian Women. This is in spite of the fact that her contributions to the Social, economic, cultural and political sphere of Nigeria has been enormous, amidst her negatively prevailing environment against the backdrop of changes taking place in the global world. Reservations of certain elective post and affirmative action as is been done in certain parts of the globe remains a viable option for the enhancement of the political aspirations of the Nigerian Women.
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Nepal
Authors: Himalaya Subedi
Pages: 74 - 85
Abstract: A survey and weed sampling was carryout in wheat and boro rice1 field to know local knowledge on weed management practices and weed intensity, diversity under rice-maize-wheat cropping system of 25 household (HHs) at Chitwan (Seven VDCs). The survey and field works are carried out more specially at spikelet initiation stage of wheat during February to April, 2011. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Wide range of weeds species were recorded from system. We record more than 38 different weeds species in upland2 (24), lowland3 (38), herbicides applied field (23) and Zero Tillage wheat (28). Chenopodium album, Vicia sativa, Vicia hirsutum, Anagalis arvensis, Oxalis corniculata were major weed on the basis of density and frequency where as Polypogon fudax, Polygonum plebijum, Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum, Gnaphalium affine Anagalis arvensis, are major weed in wheat field on the basis of frequency of weed population and density. Higher numbers of wheat tiller and total weed species were counted under lowland conditions. Total weed population was 332.4%, 350%, 165.3% higher in lowland, upland and zero tillage than herbicides applied field respectively. Around 44% farmer used their own seed for wheat sowing by two-three time harrowing and culti4 by using 72%. Broadcasting methods was popular methods of wheat sowing without maintaining row spacing and farmer doesn’t know role of different cultural practices on weed controlling effect on wheat. Only 72% farmers are awarded about yield loss due to weed and degrees of yield lose was 0-25%. Thirty six percent farmers used herbicides on rice and wheat production only even had not quantified rate and herbicides name. Butacllor (In rice) and 2 4 D (In wheat) were popular herbicides. Farmer suggested that Cyperu , Echinochloa, Cynodon dactylon, Cammelina, portulaca, Ludwigia were common weeds of rice and Ageratum, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria, Brachiaria ramossa and Echinochloa were common for maize crop.
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Groups
Authors: Paul Oghenero Okumagba
Pages: 78 - 83
Abstract: The Crude petroleum from the Niger Delta accounts for over 90 percent of the total exports and foreign exchange of the Nigerian state. The emergence of ethnic militia groups in the Niger Delta is traceable to the perceived exploitation of the multinational corporation and the Nigerian State. The exploration activities by the multinational corporation and the Nigerian State has resulted in environment degradation, contamination of soil and destruction of aquatic life, and water pollution which has been the main source of livelihood for the people of the Niger Delta. This has led to continued struggle for the emancipation of the people and development of the region. The objective of this study is to show how the failure on the part of the multinational corporations and the Nigerian State has given rise to conflict in the Niger Delta. The paper will also demonstrate how the development of the region through projects and programmes will help to reduce conflict in the region. The paper relied on the historical approach, which is based on secondary source of data by relying on journals, textbooks, and periodicals. The paper has demonstrated how the lack of strategic planning for exploration and production of oil, shrinking of the environmental space for farming and fishing activities, regional imbalance and skewed resource allocation and focus on development initiative though lack of proper funding, implementation of projects and programmes have been responsible for conflict in the region. Addressing the above will help in addressing the present crisis in the region.
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Rural Women in Kashmir
Pages: 84 - 87
Abstract: The aim of this study is to assessment the impact of vocational training courses on knowledge and adoption of rural women in Kashmir. The study sample comprised of 400 women beneficiaries who had under gone various vocational training courses to ascertain the impact of training courses for the empowerment of rural women in Kashmir valley during the year 2010- 2011. The study revealed that fifty two percent of the respondents adopted the training techniques and 46.75 per cent became independent and 30.5 per cent respondents had reduced their dependency. The training of cutting and tailoring, knitting, fruit and vegetable preservation and tilla work adopted by the trainees had increased their socio - economic status.
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