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Journal of Natural Sciences Research
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2224-3186 - ISSN (Online) 2225-0921
Published by IISTE

[37 journals]

In silico evaluation of the antimicrobial potentials of soluble bioactive
compounds derived from Weissella ciberia metabolites.
- Authors: Odion-Owase; Abimbola Onyioza, Adetunji, Oluwaseun Charles
  Abstract: Weissella species are a group of lactic acid bacteria gaining rapid popularity as a result of discoveries centered on their biotechnological properties. In this study, an in silico approach was imbibed to investigate the antimicrobial potentials of metabolites of Weissella ciberia. Soluble compounds of W. ciberia were subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) analysis and the inherent metabolites were identified. In order to evaluate their antimicrobial potentials against Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri, the identified metabolites of W. ciberia were further subjected to geometry optimization of compound structures, ligand/receptor preparation, docking calculations and docking simulations. The HPLC identified metabolites from W. ciberia were atropoine, gallic acid, naringinin, caffeine, maleic acid, saponin and glutathione. The results of the in silico analysis showed binding affinities of the metabolites against the target microorganisms at a range of ˗4.6 to 10.7 Kcal/mol. Among metabolites, the highest binding affinity was observed in saponin against E. coli and S. flexneri at scores of ˗9.7 Kcal/mol and ˗10 Kcal/mol respectively. Binding affinities against E. coli and S. flexneri were also observed in naringinin at binding scores of ˗7.8 Kcal/mol and ˗8.5 Kcal/mol respectively. The scores obtained in this study predicts strong antimicrobial potentials that were comparable to those of conventional antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Hence, the antimicrobial activities of metabolites of W. ciberia could be harnessed further for their potential in drug sensitivity against multiple-drug resistant pathogenic microbes. KEYWORDS: Bioactive, metabolites, fermentate, in silico and binding affinity.
  DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/14-12-06 Publication date:October 30th 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 14
3D Structural Interpretation and Petrophysical Evaluation of Reservoirs in
the ‘M’ Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria.
- Authors: Mercy Atolagbe, Gbenga Ogungbesan
  Abstract: An integrated reflection seismic and well log data interpretations of reservoirs in the ‘M’ Field located in onshore Niger Delta were carried out to map the complex subsurface structures and characterize the reservoirs in order to predict the hydrocarbon potential of the field. The methodology includes delineation and assessment of rock properties of reservoirs from logs of five wells, faults and horizons mapping from 3D seismic data, time to depth conversion, generation of time and depth structural maps of identified reservoirs. Structural interpretation shows presence of five main faults (F1-F5) while petrophysical evaluation delineated two hydrocarbon bearing zones (reservoirs 1 and 2). The quality of the delineated reservoirs in the ''M-field'' Niger Delta is good as revealed by the various petrophysical parameters estimated. The reservoirs are also considerably thick to host hydrocarbon in commercial quantities. The exploratory wells are producible as shown by the values estimated for water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation. The time and depth structure maps shows that the identified faults are fault dependent and fault-assisted closures and are thus regarded as good hydrocarbon traps Keywords: Niger Delta, reservoir, hydrocarbon trap, structural map
  DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/14-12-05 Publication date:September 30th 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 14
Effect of Tillers Cutting Height on Quality Production of Palmarosa
(Cympopogon Martinii)
- Authors: Hailu Garkebo
  Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the role of tiller height on quality production of palma rosa grass varieties. A field experiment consisting of two varieties (Wg-tejisar-I and Wg-tejisar-II) and four levels of cutting height (20, 25, 30 and 35 cm) in RCBD with three replications. There was tow harvesting time with in three months interval all parameters were taken during the course of field experiments. The first cycle data was taken three months later after planting. Even if no significant difference the effects of planting 20 and 35 cm height tiller on the two palmarosa verities have better plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers. The maximum weight of fresh biomass was harvested by planting WG-Tejsar-II variety with 20 cm long tillers (8.89 t/ha) which have no biomass difference with planting WG-Tejsar-I 20 cm long tillers (8.60 t/ha). The highest oil content recorded at the plot which contain WG-Tejsar-I variety with planting 30 long tillers (1.90 %) and planting WG-Tejsar-II variety with 35 cm long tillers (1.29 %) ranked first and second respectively. The recorded oil yield of planting 20 cm long tillers on the WG-Tejsar-I (109.92 kg/ha) and 35 cm with WG-Tejsar-II (90.44 kg/ ha) verities have higher essential oil as compare to planting 25 and 30 cm long tillers respectively. Excluding plant height and survival count all parameters were affected by varying the height of tillers in the time of the two cycle and the value indicated that planting 30 or 35 long tillers for the two palmarosa variety shows a good result in the second cycle relative to the rest of configured height levels. In conclusion planting 20 and 35 cm long tiller had good effect in all physical and quality parameter in the first cycle. Due to small increment of the value of each parameter in the second cycle at 30 and 35 cm long tiller as compare to the first cycle, planting WG-Tejsar-I with 20 cm or WG-Tejsar-II with 35 cm tiller long contribute good palmarosa production. Keywords:Cymbopogon martinii, tillers, variety, cutting height, biomass, oil content and essential oil, survival count
  DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/14-12-01 Publication date:September 30th 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 14
Review of Factors Affecting Small Scale Irrigation Schemes in Ethiopia
- Authors: Addisu Asefa
  Abstract: This paper reviews some of the factors affecting small-scale irrigation schemes in Ethiopia based on Environmental factor, Social and Climate related factor, Irrigation scheduling and Siltation of the structure , lack of awareness creation , Land factors and poor on farm irrigation water management. Ethiopian small-scale irrigation schemes were often characterized by low water use efficiency as a result of poor on farm water management. There is water logging, siltation of the structures, technical constraints, inadequate awareness of irrigation water management, improper irrigation scheduling techniques and operation and maintenance of irrigation facilities problem which affects irrigation schemes. Sedimentation of structures reduces canal conveyance efficiency leading to risk of canal breach, inadequacy and inequity in water distribution to crops. The Main gaps of awareness like, Faulty design, Lack of knowledge on use of modern irrigation technology, Poor land management and Poor management capacity affects small scale irrigation schemes. Therefore investigating the sources, extent, and types of sedimentation entering into scheme, linkage between research and extension, proper irrigation scheduling techniques and awareness creation is the basis for reducing maintenance costs and for effective management of small scale irrigation schemes. Keywards: water management, small scale, irrigation performance, environment, Sedimentation
  DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/14-12-02 Publication date:September 30th 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 14
Variation in Termination of Brachial Artery Among Black African Population
- Authors: Oyale Warren Ayonga, Paul Kosiyo, Willis Oyieko
  Abstract: Background:As the main arterial supply of the upper limb, brachial artery (BA) terminates by dividing into ulnar and radial artery about 1cm at the neck of radius as documented in standard anatomy text books. However, due to variations in results from different studies, BA may terminate at the level of neck of radius, radial tuberosity, mid arm and proximal arm. Based on its clinical utility such as blood pressure monitoring and surgical procedures, few reported disparities in certain populations and paucity data especially in black African population, exploration of variations in termination of BA is warranted.Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate variation in termination of brachial artery among black African population.Methodology:This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in human anatomy laboratories in Maseno, Uzima and Masinde muliro universities in Western Kenya. In this study, 77 cadavers constituting (n=154) upper limb specimens of back African population were sampled using stratified sampling technique. Data on termination of BA, laterality of the upper limb and sex of the cadaver were recorded in data entry form. Brachium region was exposed to access the brachial artery where its course to termination was assessed. Descriptive statistics was used to assess frequency distribution of variant termination while Chi-square was used to determine difference in proportion of normal termination and cumulative variation of termination of BA with regards to laterality of the upper limb. Results:Out of 154 upper limbs studied, the majority (89.0%) had a normal termination at the radial neck, while 7.8% terminated at the radial tuberosity. A small percentage of the upper limbs (1.3% and 1.9%) had termination at midarm and proximal arm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in variation in the left and right limbs (p=0.333 and p= 0.564) respectively relative to the normal termination.Conclusion and recommendations: There are variations in termination of brachial artery among the black African population, however, the variation from the normal morphology is not statistically significant, though clinically significant. Termination at radial tuberosity is the most common variant and more common in men than women. Understanding variant termination of BA among black African population is key to all health care professionals especially surgeons, radiologists, anatomists and medical students as such variants may lead to misdiagnosis and post operative related complications. Thus, further population and race specific studies need to be undertaken on such variants. Keywords:Brachial artey, Ulnar artery, Radial artery, Radial tuberosity, Radial neck, Midarm.
  DOI :10.7176/JNSR/14-12-03 Publication date:September 30th 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 14
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacteria from Stem Bark of Dialium
guineense (Wild).
- Authors: Victoria Osahon Omokpo, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
  Abstract: Dialium guineense or African black velvet tamarind, is a common tree in West Africa whose parts have been established for its antimicrobial and therapeutic properties. In this study, the stem bark of the plant was accessed for endophytic bacteria and their activity against common clinical isolates were evaluated. Isolation of bacteria endophytes from the stem bark of the plant was achieved by surface sterilization using 70% ethanol and 2% sodium hypochlorite before aseptically cutting into small sizes of about 3.5 - 4.0 mm, plated on nutrient agar and then incubated for 24 hours. Pure isolates of the endophytes were obtained and identified macroscopically and molecularly by depositing 16SrRNA sequences of all the isolates on NCBI website. The endophytic bacteria isolates belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Halopseudomonas, Burkholderia, Streptococcus and Bacillus. Antibacterial activity carried out with the crude extracts of all endophytic bacteria isolates revealed that the bacteria endophyte mSB2 of the genera Halospeudomonas, had the most clearer zones and diameter of inhibition against all test isolates with zones ranging from 9.0 ± 0.35 mm to 35 ± 0.5 mm; hence, the extract from mSB2 was most active and posed effective antibacterial activities. This study established a fact that Dialium guineesnse harbors bacteria endophytes with active metabolites against common disease-causing organisms. Keywords: Dialium guineense, Endophytic bacteria, Stem bark, Antibacterial activities, Metabolites.
  DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/14-12-04 Publication date:September 30th 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 14