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Sugar Tech
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.441  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 1  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 0974-0740 - ISSN (Online) 0972-1525 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Severe Red Rot Epidemics in Sugarcane in Sub-tropical India: Role of
Aerial Spread of the Pathogen-
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Abstract: Abstract Colletotrichum falcatum Went causing red rot in sugarcane has gained a very high virulence in the sub-tropical India by evolving into a virulent pathotype CF13. The disease spread has reached 100% in several thousand hectares during the past few seasons. Reasons for such massive spread of the disease in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were investigated under field conditions. Observations on disease development in the affected canes revealed infections from soil, sett, water and air. However, more than 58% of the affected canes exhibited infections from aerial route as midrib lesions and the disease progressed from spindle to canes. Although sett and soil borne infections are known to cause rapid spread of disease in sugarcane, bountiful of aerial infections resulted in rapid spread of the disease or aids in large-scale disease build-up, supplementing primary sources of infections. Summer showers, continuous humid weather during grand growth phase and waterlogging during maturity phase along with continuous monocropping of the popular cv Co 0238 in the command area were attributed to the large-scale disease outbreaks. Hence, disease management strategy has to be revised to tackle aerial spread of the disease.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Carbon Pools and Indices Under Activated Trash Treatments in Sugarcane
Plant–Ratoon System Grown in Calcareous Soil of Subtropics-
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Abstract: Abstract A field investigation was conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar, India during 2020–2022 on sugarcane plant–ratoon system to investigate the effect of trash mulching treatments applied either alone or activated with urea (25 kg N ha−1)/farmyard manure (5 t ha−1)/vermicompost (2.5 t ha−1)/Trichoderma viride/Azotobacter + PSB inoculated trash and direct incorporation of trash in soil with no trash control. The dose of chemical fertilizer for plant and ratoon was applied as per recommendation in all the treatments. The results revealed that the CO2 evolution decreased continuously with the advancement of crop growth. The very labile (1.62–2.76 g kg−1), labile (1.09–2.17 g kg−1), less labile (1.55–2.21 g kg−1) and non-labile carbon (2.18–2.95 g kg−1) varied significantly after two crop cycles. The carbon fractions were in order of non-labile-C > very labile-C > less labile-C > labile-C. The mean soil TOC (6.26–9.79 g kg−1), organic carbon stock (14.70–20.76 Mg ha−1), SMBC (110.73–265.16 mg kg−1) and microbial quotient (1.77–2.71%) differed significantly due to trash mulching treatments after harvest of ratoon. The CPI (1.00–1.57) and CMI (138.36–238.30) varied significantly in trash-treated plots than no trash. The results revealed that mean cane yield of plant (65.96–83.31 t ha−1) and ratoon crop (54.20–71.99 t ha−1) differed significantly among the treatments. The mean sugar yield varied significantly in plant (7.22–9.97 t ha−1) and ratoon crop (5.78–8.58 t ha−1) due to various trash mulching treatments. The positive relationship was found among cane and sugar yield with TOC and CMI. Our findings suggest that trash mulching (10 t/ha) treatments either activated with urea/vermicompost/FYM or inoculated with Trichoderma viride significantly improved soil carbon pool parameters, fractions of carbon and carbon stock over the two crop cycles with improvement in the carbon indices, viz. carbon pool index and carbon management index. It brings significant enhancement in quality of soil and productivity of sugarcane plant–ratoon system in subtropics.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Nitrogen Losses in Field Irrigated with Domestic Sewage Through Subsurface
Drip Irrigation for Sugarcane in Brazil-
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Abstract: Abstract Conflicts over water use and the high demand for food and biofuels have motivated the use of wastewater in irrigated agriculture. The study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen losses through nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission for sugarcane first ratoon irrigated by subsurface drip (SDI) with fresh water and treated domestic sewage (TDS) and traditional crop management under rainfed conditions. Therefore, the following treatments were implemented: T1—non-irrigated and topdressing fertilization; T2—irrigated with TDS, with fertigation; T3—irrigated with TDS, without fertigation; T4—irrigated with fresh water, with fertigation; T5—irrigated with fresh water, without fertigation. The nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied corresponded to 120 kg ha−1 to all treatments, with broadcast fertilization for nonirrigated cropping and, for the irrigated plots, it was performed by supplementing the concentration of the nutrients in the TDS and freshwater. All the fertigated treatments had lower leaching losses than nonirrigated treatment with topdressing fertilization, the total N loss for nonirrigated plots differed significantly from irrigated treatments, with a total loss of 16.36 kg N ha−1. The application of TDS by SDI to meet the needs for water and nutrients resulted in a decrease of N losses by NO3− leaching and N2O emissions, compared with traditional sugarcane cultivation under non-irrigated with topdressing fertilization (total of 16.36 kg ha−1 for T1), being the nitrate leaching the main factor that contributed to the N loss with a loss of 71% for T1 (11.50 kg ha−1). Irrigation with TDS, in addition to providing nutrients and water for sugarcane cultivation, can help minimize nitrogen contamination compared to conventional management methods through SDI systems.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Usability of Carbon Sources as Sucrose, Honey and Agave Syrup in
Fermentation of Lemonade with Water Kefir Grains-
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Abstract: Abstract The aim of this study was to develop an innovative and functional beverage formulation with probiotic properties using carbon sources such as sucrose, agave syrup, and honey. Analysis showed that lemonade-honey had the highest antioxidant values on day 0, but activity decreased on day 14. The numbers of Lactococcus ssp., Lactobacillus ssp., and total bacteria in lemonade-honey were found to be higher on the days 0 and 7 of fermentation than on day 14. The highest glucose and fructose concentrations and the lowest sucrose concentrations in lemonade-agave syrup and lemonade-honey were on day 7. At the end of fermentation, the highest concentration of vitamin C was detected in the lemonade-agave syrup formulation. All mineral substances analyzed in lemonade-honey reached their highest values on the days 7 and 14 of storage, especially phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc. In terms of sensory characteristics, the panelists gave higher scores for lemonade-agave syrup. As a result, all lemonade formulations proved to be suitable for water kefir. However, lemonade-agave syrup and lemonade-honey are recommended to be consumed within the first seven days due to their pleasant aroma, probiotic functional properties, better preservation of bioactive components, and lower acidity.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Screening of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes for Salt Tolerance and Comparative
Na+ Transporter Gene Expression in Salt Tolerance Differing Genotypes at
Seedling Growth Stage-
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Abstract: Abstract The present study was planned to screen the sweet sorghum genotypes at the sensitive seedling stage against salinity with specific morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes that could contribute to their adaptability to salinity stress. Therefore, 14 sweet sorghum genotypes were subjected to five different NaCl salt concentrations (0 mM (C), 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM and 200 mM), and 5 days after germination (DAG), the seedlings were evaluated for morpho-physiological parameters (percent germination, shoot and root lengths, seedling biomass and seedling vigor indexes I and II), total sugars, total chlorophyll and Na+/K+ ratio. Correlation, heat map and principle component analysis revealed that germination percentage is highly correlated with seedling vigor indexes (I and II) and seedling fresh weight. The sweet sorghum genotypes showed a significant reduction in morpho-physiological traits with a minimum effect seen in PHULE VASUNDHARA and SSV 84 with increasing salt stress. Two clusters were obtained on the basis of all studied traits: in cluster I, PHULE VASUNDHARA and SSV 84 with better seedling growth, biochemical parameters (total sugars and total chlorophyll) and higher K+ concentration were grouped together and in cluster II, 12 genotypes were clustered together. Further, gene expression analysis of ion transporters (HKT-6 and HAK) confirmed the observed lower Na+/K+ ratio due to more HKT-6 ion transporter gene expression in the roots of the selected tolerant PHULE VASUNDHARA as compared to the selected sensitive SPV 2074 with more expression of ion transporter HAK, suggesting that this Na+/K+ ratio could be a reliable trait for salinity tolerance screening at seedling growth stage. Further, tolerant genotypes could be a prominent resource for further use in salinity tolerance breeding of sweet sorghum.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Sugarcane Genetic Resources for Challenged Agriculture
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Abstract: Abstract Sugarcane agriculture is frequently challenged across the globe by biotic and abiotic factors causing significant damage to production and productivity. Sugarcane germplasm by virtue of its exhaustive collection, extensive characterization and evaluation exhibits an ideal system for combating the challenges offered from various stresses. The genus Saccharum consists of six species: Saccharum officinarum, S. spontaneum, S. robustum, Saccharum edule, S. barberi and Saccharum sinense. S.officinarum 'the noble cane' a native of Pacific islands is the basic genetic material where all the commercial hybrids are built up on. Along with the noble canes, the wild species S. spontaneum which has a Mediterranean and Indian origin has contributed significantly to the development of present-day commercial hybrids providing resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. From a utilization point of view, the sugarcane gene pool is very attractive due to less intra- and interspecific barriers and even intergeneric gene transfer involving Sclerostachya, Erianthus and Miscanthus, Sorghum and Imperata is viable. The sugarcane crop has a history of very systematic germplasm collection efforts from the beginning which has resulted in the collection of large variability of both cultivated and wild genetic resources through various national and international expeditions. In India, the gene bank at Kannur, Kerala, which is an internationally recognized systematically maintained gene bank for the sugarcane germplasm, houses the largest collection of sugarcane germplasm. A total of 3377 accessions are maintained at Kannur and over 3000 accessions at Coimbatore. The germplasm has been periodically screened against various biotic and abiotic stresses and resistant/tolerant accessions have been identified. These clones are the potential sources for genetic improvement of sugarcane against the threat posed by the challenges for sugarcane agriculture. This paper reviews the status of sugarcane germplasm collection in India and the sources of resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses available in it.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- An Overview Encompassing the Present Status of Jaggery Processing
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Abstract: Abstract Jaggery, also known as Gur, is a traditional sweetener made from sugarcane juice and is commonly used in India. This concentrated product is available in solid, liquid, or granular forms and has a golden hue, firm texture, crystalline nature, and less moisture. Jaggery is known for its health benefits, including aiding digestion, relieving constipation, cleansing liver, increasing energy, purifying blood, and has anticarcinogenic and anti-toxic effects. Several value-added food products made of jaggery are used in daily cuisines, beverages, and desserts around the world. It is often incorporated into pharmaceutical and food formulations due to its nutritional advantages such as protein, amino acids, vitamins, and phytochemicals. Jaggery is processed into different forms to replace the use of refined white sugar in bakery and confectionary products, chocolates, drinks, etc. However, efforts are being made to manufacture a consistent product that would increase productivity while enhancing hygiene measures, uniformity of shape, size, and storage stability. Various studies have been made to improve the processing technology of jaggery, value addition of jaggery through fortification and improved packaging systems for improved shelf life. This review provides an overview of jaggery processing, including its value addition as a potential nutraceutical, health benefits, storage, and packaging considerations.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Occurrence of False Floral Smut in Sugarcane Inflorescence and Associated
Weather Variables-
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Abstract: Abstract During the survey and monitoring, a disease affecting sugarcane arrows was noticed. Sugarcane inflorescence with symptoms was collected from the germplasm maintained at ICAR-SBIRC, Kannur. The disease was observed in 2017, 2018 and 2021. The length of affected grains varied from 3 to 3.5 mm, an average of 3.2 mm and the width varied from 1 to 1.5 mm, while regular grains showed no change in length, and the width was only 0.5 mm. The affected grains were somewhat bulged and black. Conidia of Epicoccum andropogonis and Claviceps purpurea were observed when examined under a light microscope, whereas, in culturing, the affected grains yielded only E. andropogonis. The morphological characteristics of E. andropogonis were studied in vitro. The shape, color and size of the fungus conidia resembled the conidia in vitro culture media. This fungus was identified based on molecular data from the ITS-rDNA sequence, and this is the first report of false floral smut occurrence on germplasm maintained at SBIRC, Kannur. A total of 24 clones were affected, including a clone WL 08-259 of waterlogging trial in 2021. The clones were categorized based on the number of spikelets affected. All the Saccharum species clones, 287 foreign hybrids and 393 Indian hybrids clones were found to be resistant. The 18 clones of Indian hybrids and two foreign hybrids were found to be highly susceptible, and three clones of Indian hybrids were moderately susceptible.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Impact of Stem Borers Sesamia spp. (Lep.: Noctuidae) on Qualitative and
Some Chemical Traits of Sugarcane Varieties in Iran-
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Abstract: Abstract The sugarcane, one of the most profitable crops, has been cultivated for many years under diverse ecological conditions in tropical and subtropical regions. It is one of the most strategic and economic crops in southern of Iran. The pink stem borers, Sesamia spp. (Lep.: Noctuidae), are key and important insect pests on sugarcane crop that lead to direct and indirect damage to sugarcane yield. In the current study, we were assessed effect of stem borers, Sesamia spp. infestation on qualitative traits such as Pol, Brix, juice purity, recoverable sugar, and sugar per hectare, and some chemical criteria of the three commercial varieties of sugarcane, CP69-1062, CP48-103, and IRC99-02. The outputs indicated that most qualitative factors (Brix, Pol, juice purity, and recoverable sugar) and sugar yield affected by internodes bored levels due to Sesamia infestation. Sugar yield in the control (without bored internodes) on CP69-1062, CP48-103, and IRC99-02 varieties was 98.08, 96.61, and 47.73 kg/ton, respectively, that was statistically significant differences with other groups of bored internodes. Overall, the highest bored internode levels by Sesamia spp. had the lowest value on every qualitative trait. Among chemical criteria, the invert is one of most key indices to evaluation of sugarcane quality. This process is the chemical conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose. In addition, the findings revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the invert values in different level on bored internodes by Sesamia infestation on CP69-1062, CP48-103, and IRC99-02 varieties. It is concluded that infestation internodes by Sesamia can be affected some qualitative and quantitative traits. Therefore, to control of Sesamia should be use integrated pest management such as apply of synthetic pheromone, utilize green traps, and use biological control and integrated field management including cultivate different commercial varieties, improvement of irrigation and drainage system, and timely harvest the crop.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Neodymium Stimulates Growth, Nutrient Concentration, and Metabolism in
Sugarcane in Hydroponics-
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Abstract: Abstract Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is a crop of great global importance in various industries, such as the food and energy sectors. With over 55 million Mg of milling stems produced, Mexico is the eighth largest sugarcane producer in the world. Nevertheless, this crop faces environmental and agronomic challenges that require especial attention. Among the alternatives to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of the production system is biostimulation through beneficial elements, such as neodymium (Nd), which has shown positive effects on some crops. For this study, a hydroponic floating root system was established where 0, 50, 100, and 150 µM Nd were applied for 90 d to sugarcane cv. Mex 69-290. Growth was directly related to the concentration of applied Nd. The 150 µM Nd dose significantly increased the content of N, P, and K in leaves, stems, and roots of sugarcane seedlings. Likewise, it increased the concentration of sugars in shoots and that of amino acids in shoots and roots. Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were also increased in shoots as a result of Nd applications. In contrast, Nd reduced antioxidant activity. Thus, we conclude that Nd has beneficial effects on sugarcane grown in a hydroponic system.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Optimization of Physico-Chemical, Textural and Organoleptic Attributes of
Underutilized Starfruit Jaggery Jelly Through Response Surface Methodology
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Abstract: Abstract Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an underutilized fruit grown in India, China, the US, and some regions of Africa. It is referred to as star fruit, due to its distinctive star shape and rich golden color. It has a wealth of essential nutrients and offers tremendous health advantages. In the present study, star fruit jaggery jelly of favorable physico-chemical and textural qualities was developed using the response surface method as the optimization technique for the ingredients. Jaggery, citric acid, and pectin were chosen as the three independent variables in a central composite design. At a constant fruit weight of 100 g, sample processing was carried out at five levels of citric acid (0.3–0.5%), pectin (0.5–1%), and jaggery (40–60%). The findings revealed that jaggery has a significant effect while citric acid and pectin did not affect the physico-chemical properties of star fruit jaggery jelly. At 54.00% jaggery, 0.82% pectin, and 0.47% citric acid the optimal production point for mass production was obtained. Jaggery concentrations of 50% and 60% had the requisite textural characteristics. For the production of extremely palatable star fruit jaggery jelly, the findings of the organoleptic evaluation showed that the jelly should contain 40–50% jaggery, 0.5–1% pectin, and 0.3–0.5% citric acid.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Effect of Microencapsulation on Functional Properties of Sugarcane Juice
Acidified with Orthophosphoric Acid by Using Spray Drying Technique-
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Abstract: Abstract The present investigation aimed to find the best process variables for microencapsulation of sugarcane juice acidified with orthophosphoric acid. Different levels of carrier agent, i.e. 8.00 to 14.00% maltodextrin, were investigated at 150 °C and 170 °C inlet temperatures. The spray drying conditions for acidified sugarcane juice were optimized at 170 °C inlet temperature, 75 °C outlet temperature, and 14 ml/min feed rate with 12.00% maltodextrin as a carrier agent. The powder was reconstituted at a rate of 16.60% which was highly acceptable by panelists with similar characteristics to sugarcane juice. The microencapsulated powder showed good storage stability up to 60 days with minimum changes in sensory characteristics under ambient conditions. Sugarcane juice is a thirst-quenching drink high in nutrients and has medicinal and therapeutic properties, but its marketing is limited due to its rapid degradation. In this study, the acidification technique is utilized as the addition of an acid act as a barrier by preventing the changes in physico-chemical characteristics in the beverage. In addition, it also inhibits microbial growth. Spray drying is one of the possible technologies for conserving sugarcane juice, and it is a potential way to convert it into a more accessible form for easier handling. Thus, adopting this technology could provide an opportunity for the sugarcane industry to commercialize sugarcane juice.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Cellulase Adsorption on Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse During Enzymatic
Hydrolysis-
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Abstract: Abstract The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass has become attractive for obtaining ethanol. Therefore, optimizing its conditions and revealing the main influencing factors are essential for an effective design. In this sense, this study evaluated the influence of cellulose conversion on the Langmuir isotherm parameters in cellulase adsorption on sugarcane bagasse pretreated by hydrothermal and organosolv methods. The adsorption isotherm assays were performed with commercial cellulase from Trichoderma reesei in Erlenmeyer flasks stirred at 150 rpm and 50 °C. Isotherms were determined for enzymatic hydrolysis substrate samples of hydrothermal bagasse (HB) and organosolv bagasse (OB) at 0, 1, 6, and 18 h, respectively. The Langmuir model represented well the experimental data for the cellulose–cellulase system. The study of cellulase adsorption on HB and OB demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity (Emax) decreased during the reaction. From 0 to 18 h of hydrolysis, the value of Emax decreased from 37 ± 3 to 23 ± 2 mg cellulase/g HB and from 29 ± 1 to 25 ± 2 mg cellulase/g OB. Therefore, the adsorption of cellulase on a substrate varied during hydrolysis and its representation was expressed by an empirical equation related to the cellulose conversion and the Langmuir parameters.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Efficient and Economical Way of Improving Sugarcane Settling Vigour by
Mechanized Priming of Single Bud Setts with Nutrients-
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Abstract: Abstract Nursery production of sugarcane settling is gaining importance to replace large quantity of seed cane requirement and the associated cost in conventional method. Sett treatment with nutrients using vacuum-based sett treatment device is effective in delivering nutrients into the setts, and the methodology has already been standardized. However, efficiency of reuse of same nutrient solution for treating different batches of single bud setts has not been standardized. Hence, this study was carried out by reusing the same nutrient solution for treating single bud setts up to ten cycles. One set of setts from each treatment cycle was used for nutrient infusion study. Another set of setts was planted in protrays along with control to study germination, settling growth and vigour. Setts treated with nutrient solution up to fifth cycle showed weight gain and concurrent increase in nutrients showing infusion of treatment medium and nutrients. The sett treatment up to five cycles showed mean germination time of 12.64 days implying two days of germination advancement over control. Highest shoot and total biomass was in fourth treatment cycle, which was on par with initial five treatment cycles, and was significantly higher than control and other treatment cycles. However, settling vigour index (biomass-based) up to four treatment cycles were on par and second cycle showed the highest index, which was significantly higher than control and other treatments. Based on this study, it is concluded that the nutrient solution can be reused effectively up to four cycles without compromising settling vigour.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- The Effect of ChatGPT on Sugar Industry Research
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Abstract: Abstract This paper explores the integration of ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art language model, into sugar industry research. ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, offers advanced natural language processing capabilities that have the potential to revolutionize research practices. By leveraging its vast knowledge base and conversational abilities, ChatGPT can automate literature reviews, provide up-to-date insights, and facilitate collaboration among researchers and industry professionals. It analyzes diverse data sources, identifies emerging trends, and contributes to strategic planning and product development. However, researchers must critically evaluate ChatGPT’s outputs due to the possibility of generating inaccurate or biased information. Its lack of deep contextual understanding and domain expertise requires careful interpretation. Ethical considerations, including biases in training data and data privacy, must be addressed to ensure responsible utilization. By understanding and mitigating these limitations, researchers can harness ChatGPT’s power to drive innovation, optimize processes, and improve operational efficiency in the sugar industry. Ongoing discussions, ethical guidelines, and transparent auditing mechanisms are essential for the responsible integration of ChatGPT in sugar industry research.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Removal of Colorants from Sugarcane Juice and Remelt Syrup by
Bagasse-Based Biochar–Hydroxyapatite Composites-
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Abstract: Abstract To enhance both the overall efficiency of the sugarcane industry and the decolorization rate during the clarification process, a composite material of porous carbon and hydroxyapatite was synthesized using bagasse. The investigation focused on examining the adsorption characteristics of this composite on colorants present in sugarcane juice and remelt sugar syrup under various conditions. The results indicated that at a pH level of 7, with adsorbent dosages of 3.75 mg/mL and 7.50 mg/mL, and adsorption times of 120 and 180 min, the decolorization rates for sucrose juice and remelt sugar syrup were achieved 93.19% and 92.41%, respectively. Moreover, regeneration trials revealed the reusability of the adsorbent across several cycles, indicating its practicality for long-term applications. Therefore, the synthesized composite material—comprised of bagasse-derived biochar and hydroxyapatite—represents an environmentally responsible and efficient adsorbent with considerable potential for colorant removal in both sugar juice and remelt syrup.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Waste Sheep Wool and Its Hydrolysate as a Nutritional Support for Sugar
Beet-
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Abstract: Abstract Keratin-rich materials, such as waste sheep wool, possess a rich mineral element composition but exhibit challenges in natural decomposition. Consequently, most of these waste materials are either incinerated or disposed of in landfills, leading to environmental concerns. However, these wastes have the potential to serve as effective fertilizers and soil conditioners. They can be utilized directly or undergo various processes for application in agricultural production. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of waste sheep wool and its alkaline hydrolysate on the growth of sugar beet shoots and roots, nutrient concentrations, and sugar quality parameters. Shoot and root samples were collected at two-week intervals throughout the root development stage until harvest. Temporal changes in leaf mineral element concentrations and sugar quality parameters of the sugar beet roots were determined. Waste sheep wool treatment significantly increased the shoot and root yield of sugar beet. Compared to control, nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in the leaves were increased in the fourth sampling. However, the treatments resulted in a significant reduction in iron concentrations in the leaves, as well as sugar content and white sugar content in the roots, particularly towards the harvest period. However, the significant increase in shoot and root growth, nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium in leaves showed that these wastes will provide fertilizer economy in sugar beet production. It would be beneficial to reconfirm the results of this study on different sugarbeet varieties and in field conditions with decreasing standard chemical fertilizer doses.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Sugarcane Harvester: A Bibliometric Review
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Abstract: Abstract Sugarcane has become an essential production crop for energy and biofuels. Productive performance, combined with sustainability, was mainly provided by the latest development in mechanization. Over the years, sugarcane harvesting mechanization has been highlighted in scientific research to solve complex factors aiming at technology input in this management stage. The bibliometric analysis verifies more relevant research, citations number, relevant journals, and scientific production trends. This study aims to characterize mechanized sugarcane harvesting evolution and verify future scientific research trends. We adopted RStudio processing and bibliometric maps with VosViewer software to Scopus and Web of Science databases, which identified 325 articles relating to mechanized harvesting of sugarcane. Based on citation number, Brazil, China, USA, and Australia are the leading countries with maximum development and research products related to mechanized sugarcane harvesting. Harvesters, mechanized harvesting optimization, computer simulation, and precision agriculture were the main subjects addressed in experimental research. The investigations exploring precision agriculture and technologies are being applied in mechanized sugarcane harvesting to future research. Therefore, this review provided valuable information for the farmers and researchers on future research trends to optimize mechanized harvesting of sugarcane.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Sugar Quality Produced from Immature and Mature Sugarcane Damaged by
Spittlebugs-
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Abstract: Abstract Spittlebugs are known for reducing the quality of sugarcane. However, the sugar process and crystals produced from damaged sugarcane have not been fully characterized. Furthermore, the proper maturation status of sugarcane could influence the results found for sugar production. This paper aimed to evaluate spittlebugs' interference with sugarcane (SP80-1842), clarified juice, and raw sugar quality in two harvest periods with immature and mature sugarcane. A completely randomized factorial design with three replications was conducted. The first factor was spittlebug damage in stalks: healthy (0% damage) and injured stalks (15, 30, and 60%). The second factor was the harvest periods with the same sugarcane plantation: May–June (with immature stalks) and October (with mature stalks). The results also show that for sugarcane, soluble solids, sucrose, and pH decreased, and the fiber increased in samples with a higher quantity of damaged stalks. With immature sugarcane, 30% of pest damage caused by spittlebugs increased by 41% in phenolic compounds, 39% in color, 29% in ash, and 22% in final crystal moisture. The sugar color is higher because of the increasing phenol compounds provided by spittlebug damage to the raw material. These molecules were not removed by clarifying juice from immature stalks. On the other hand, with proper sugarcane maturation conditions, the level of damaged stalks did not interfere with sugar quality. Therefore, choosing the best moment for harvest could reduce the impacts of the pest on the quality of crystals produced.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Radio-Sensitivity Assessment of In Vitro Tissues of Stevia (Stevia
rebaudiana Bert.) for Induced Mutagenesis-
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Abstract: Abstract In vitro mutagenesis approach using gamma irradiation has its proven advantages over conventional breeding methods, since the same exhibits more potential for mutation induction (with desirable traits) with minimal negative effects, within a short time-span, in various plant species. Present study reports an assessment of sensitivity of stevia to gamma irradiation in order to optimize the irradiation doses [median lethal dose (LD50) and median growth reduction dose (GR50) along with LD25, LD75, GR25, and GR75] for induced mutagenesis. Nodal segments from in vitro-regenerated stevia shoots were exposed at six different doses of gamma irradiations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 Gy). The irradiated nodal segments were then cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L meta-Topolin and 1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid along with the control (non-treated) explants for 3 weeks to assess the effect of irradiation on multiple shoot–root formation. Upon exposure to different gamma ray doses from 5 to 30 Gy, a gradual and morphological trait-specific differential decline of in vitro growth was detected. The individual as well as the cumulative impact of gamma irradiation doses on the growth and development traits were assessed using hierarchical clustering heat map (based on ward distance matrix) and principal component analyses. In addition, based on the probit analysis on trends of gamma irradiation effect, the LD25, 50, 75 values were calculated to be 9.1, 18.2, and > 30 Gy, respectively. On the other hand, GR25, 50, 75 values were calculated to be in between 7.1–12.6 Gy, 15.8–21.3 Gy, and 25.5 to way beyond 30 Gy, respectively. On studying the response of all the in vitro growth traits, it was deduced that in order to induce desirable mutations and also to develop novel mutants with adequate survival rate, the optimum irradiation dose (from LD25, 50, 75 or GR25, 50, 75 values) should be calculated based on LD50/GR50, which was determined to be 15–20 Gy in stevia. Hence, this optimum dose can be utilized to produce a higher percentage of beneficial mutations, resulting in maximal desirable genetic diversity in M1V2 and its subsequent generations.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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