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Abstract: Abstract In this study, we systematically analyzed the nutritional quality and volatile aroma compounds of stir-fried shredded potatoes, which had higher dietary fiber and calcium contents than deep fat-fried and shallow-fried potatoes and an excellent essential amino acid composition. Compared with deep fat-fried and shallow-fried potatoes, stir-fried shredded potatoes had a lower fat content. Stir frying led to a reduction in protein, starch, mineral (P, Mg, K), and vitamin contents. Incomplete gelatinization of starch granules in stir-fried shredded potatoes may have resulted in less loss of resistant starch. Moreover, this processing method, which is used in Chinese households, effectively reduced the glycoalkaloid concentration. Further volatile aroma compound analysis identified a total of 74 volatile aroma compounds, including hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furans, ethers, and other compounds. 4-methyloctane, hexanal, α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, o-cymene, diallyl disulfide, and linalool were the main flavor-contributing components. PubDate: 2022-05-24
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Abstract: Abstract Four microplant planting densities (PD) for greenhouse production of minitubers of three varieties were used to assess the agronomic and economic efficiencies of increased PD compared to the baseline density (63 microplants m−2). The field performance of minitubers was also included in the agronomic (yield formation) efficiency assessment of minitubers production. The concept of a field value (FV) of greenhouse area and of microplant was introduced. Economic assessment of PD changes was based on partial budget analysis and the marginal rate of return between PDs in ascending order. Agronomic efficiency assessment, as an efficient utilization of greenhouse space, revealed that the number of minitubers per m2 increased gradually with increasing PD and the magnitude of the increase was up to 2.6 times between PD 63 and 184 microplants m−2 making this PD the most effective of the studied. The change in minituber number per microplant due to the increased PDs was closely related to the economic efficiency assessment. In the baseline scenario (microplant cost of 0.54 € and minituber cost of 0.41 €), only the shift from PD63 to PD95 was efficient without trade-offs for only one of three varieties. PubDate: 2022-05-01
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Abstract: Abstract Vanguard Russet (TX08352-5Ru) is a medium-early maturing potato cultivar released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research in 2018. Vanguard Russet produces attractive oblong to long tubers with medium russet skin and white flesh, blocky shape and uniform size, ideally suited for the fresh market. Vanguard Russet produces. It produces a high yield of marketable tubers, with many tubers in the 170 to 510 g size category, some oversized (> 510 g) tubers, and fewer culls than Russet Norkotah. Vanguard Russet has low external tuber defects (growth cracks, second growth), internal tuber defects (hollow heart, internal brown spot, vascular discoloration, blackspot bruise), and has a long tuber dormancy. Vanguard Russet is susceptible to PVY but has good symptom expression and is moderately resistant to common scab and Fusarium dry rot. Vanguard Russet is an excellent cultivar option for fresh market potato production due to its high marketable yields, excellent external and internal tuber quality, and long tuber dormancy. PubDate: 2022-05-01
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Abstract: Abstract Biofumigation has been proposed as an alternative to soil fumigation to manage soil-borne diseases including potato early dying disease complex (PED). This study examined the potential of using brown mustard (Mustard juncea) biofumigation to manage PED under rain-fed potato production in New Brunswick, Canada in two trials between 2017 and 2020 in comparison with chloropicrin fumigation and a conventional barley rotation. Biofumigation increased yield in one trial, but not in a second trial where the potato crop experienced severe drought, whereas chloropicrin fumigation increased yield in both trials. Biofumigation was effective in suppressing root-lesion nematode (RLN, Pratylenchus spp.) counts in both trials, but was ineffective in suppressing V. dahliae population density. Chloropicrin fumigation was effective in suppressing RLN counts and V. dahliae population density only in the hill where injected, but the effect was short-lived as the population density of V. dahliae in the hill increased to the level of the control in one potato growing season. Biofumigation may be an alternative to chloropicrin fumigation in managing PED, particularly in fields with high RLN population but relatively low Verticillium population density. However, neither biofumigation nor fumigation used alone may be sustainable in the short-term potato rotations commonly used in New Brunswick, and additional beneficial practices are required to sustain productivity in the long-term. PubDate: 2022-04-13
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Abstract: Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate yield responses of four potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars (‘Russet Burbank’, ‘Shepody’, ‘Gold Rush’, and ‘Russet Prospect’) and soil N dynamic changes to two 3-year rotations in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The two rotations were the local industry standard potato–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation (PBC) and an alternative potato–soybean (Glycine max L.)–barley rotation (PSB). All potato cultivars received 170 kg N ha− 1 input at planting without irrigation. Soil mineral N content before potato planting was significantly higher under the PBC rotation. However, the PBC rotation produced significantly lower yields, suggesting the possibility of excessive N supply from the plowed-down red clover. While cultivar and the interaction between cultivar and rotation did not show a significant difference in yield, yields of all cultivars were positively affected by the PSB rotation. The Gold Rush cultivar was affected the most (36%), followed by Russet Burbank (17%) and Prospect (14%) cultivars, with Shepody being the least affected (3%) by the alternative PSB rotation. Russet Burbank was the highest yielding cultivar under both rotations. With the three russet cultivars combined as a single russet cultivar, the PSB rotation significantly increased tuber yields, while the Shepody cultivar did not significantly benefit from the PSB rotation, suggesting that the russet cultivars responded more sensitively to the alternative rotation. Results demonstrate that adequately accounting for N supply from a preceding green manure crop is required for sustainable potato production in this humid temperate region. PubDate: 2022-04-07
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Abstract: Abstract In Uganda, potato is primarily grown as a cash crop and smallholder farmers sell majority of their produce immediately after harvest. Only a few farmers store ware potato for later sale using various traditional storage methods. Main reasons are farmers’ immediate need for cash, the low volumes of potato harvested, fear of loss during storage due to pests and diseases, and a lack of adequate storage facilities. In order to exploit the seasonal market price fluctuations and increase the economic return of potato farming, improved individual and collective ambient ware potato storage units were introduced. Unlike traditional storage facilities that maintain the marketability of stored potato up to five weeks only, improved ambient stores can maintain their marketability up to nine weeks. This article uses cost-benefit analysis methods to compare the economic performance of improved ambient stores with traditional storage facilities. Results indicate that few of the traditional and improved collective storage units generated profit, an aspect that was attributed to management challenges. The improved individual stores performed overall well, generating higher profit margins than improved collective stores. Improved individual stores had an average payback period of three to four years that could even be reduced to less than one year if used at full capacity. Due to their characteristics, improved individual ambient ware potato stores thus seem to be particularly suitable to substantially increase the income of potato farming households. PubDate: 2022-03-30
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Abstract: Abstract In New Zealand, potato crop yields of 90 t ha−1 are achievable but at 55 t ha−1, the average is becoming economically unsustainable. In 2012/13, a grower-initiated survey found that Rhizoctonia solani and Spongospora subterranea (soil-borne pathogens) and soil compaction were widespread in 11 Canterbury potato crops. Targeted areas in these crops had measured yield losses of 0 (healthy plants) – 42 (diseased, resource constrained plants) t ha−1, limiting the farmer-measured field yield to a 56 t ha−1 average. In 2014/15, growth, water use and health of three contrasting crops were measured. Near-potential yield was achieved in one crop when disease incidence and severity were low and resources adequate. The other two crops yielded less than potential; one had an inadequate water supply and the other widespread soil-borne disease. Any suspected links between soil-borne disease, soil compaction and yield were further investigated by using them as factors in replicated experiments reported elsewhere. PubDate: 2022-03-17
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Abstract: Abstract Postharvest storage of potatoes may result in compositional and textural changes, which may differ among different genotypes. These changes have been less documented in the literature. Ten potato cultivars (“Picasso”, “Red Scarlet”, “Sifra”, “Challenger”, “Sante”, “Banba”, “Arinda”, “Agria”, “Fontane’, and ‘Innovator”) were evaluated in pre- and post-harvest experiments. In the pre-harvest experiment, tuber number, diameter, and fresh weight of the plants were evaluated. Later, the traits were evaluated in three stages, including at harvest time and 90 and 180 days after harvest during storage. Fresh weight, dry weight, volume weight, firmness, TSS and carbohydrates, phenolic and vitamin C content, antioxidant activity, beta-carotene content, POX activity, and protein and starch content of the tubers were assessed. All the traits were significantly different among cultivars at both pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. “Red Scarlet”, “Challenger”, and “Innovator” are suitable cultivars for fresh consumption, and some including “Picasso”, “Sante” and “Banba” are appropriate for processing such as chips production. It was also found that some cultivars, e.g., “Challenger” and “Sante”, had longer shelf-life and acceptable marketability after six months of storage. PubDate: 2022-03-17
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Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Abstract Late blight (LB) is the main potato disease worldwide and one of the most important ways to control it is the use of resistant varieties. Twenty-two potato clones from the B3 breeding population developed by the International Potato Center with high resistance to the disease and two susceptible controls were inoculated with four Peruvian complex isolates (POX67, PPA61, PLL69, and PPI112) of Phytophthora infestans, with complex virulence on potato. Whole plant inoculation assays were carried out under greenhouse and humid chamber conditions in Lima, Peru, and data obtained were correlated with data from field assays carried out in Oxapampa (Pasco), a CIP breeding site in the Peruvian rain forest. High significant correlations (α = 0.01) were found in the resistance to LB shown by potato clones, the values of the correlations under greenhouse conditions between the isolates POX67, PPA61, and PLL69 with the resistance in the field were r = 0.93, 0.92 and 0.80, respectively and under humid chamber conditions were r = 0.94, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. Moderate correlations were found between resistance in the field and in the greenhouse (r = 0.69) and the field and in humid chamber conditions (r = 0.77) for inoculations with PPI112 isolate. The twenty-two clones tested in this study showed phenotypic stability for LB resistance according to non-parametric analysis. PubDate: 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12230-022-09861-8
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Abstract: Abstract Bacteria belonging to the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera are globally distributed phytopathogens that are responsible for economically important soft rot and blackleg diseases of potatoes. Since 2014, there have been increased outbreaks of blackleg disease in the Eastern US, with many cases caused by an especially virulent, nearly clonal strain of Dickeya dianthicola. This disease is thought to be spread via commercial trade of seed tubers with latent infections of these bacteria. There is an urgent need to develop resistant potato varieties to help reduce the accidental spread and damage caused by these diseases. In this study, we conducted an iterative screen of US Potato Genebank (Sturgeon Bay, WI) collections to find wild potato relatives with resistance to tuber soft rot. We found several Solanum microdontum lines with high-level resistance that may be useful as source germplasm for breeding soft rot resistance into commercial potato varieties. PubDate: 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12230-021-09859-8
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Abstract: Abstract The ability of potato tubers to tolerate cold temperatures could be useful for maintaining the quality of tuber seed used for growing the crop, preserving the crop in storage, and germplasm preservation. Previous work measured the limits of survival of tubers of numerous populations of the wild tuber-bearing potato species Solanum jamesii (jam), native to the southwest USA in terms of ability to sprout after a -15C cold challenge. In that study, nine cold sensitive populations and nine very hardy populations were identified. In the current study, these two sets of jam populations were multiplied under field and greenhouse conditions and cold challenged along with Solanum kurtzianum (ktz), a species much more easily used in cultivar breeding with potential for cold tolerance shown in previous experiments. The results of this study were similar to previous ones: Tubers of jam started to die at -15C, with field-grown tubers hardier than greenhouse-grown tubers. Tubers of populations previously observed to be slightly less cold tolerant were not significantly different in the current more systematic trial. We conclude that tubers of S. jamesii populations available from the US Potato Genebank are all similarly very cold hardy. Most tubers of the 80 ktz populations sprouted after cooling to -8C, identifying this species as an additional subject for research and breeding. PubDate: 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12230-022-09862-7
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Abstract: Abstract The production of commercial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) for different market classes is of vital agricultural importance in the United States. For the production of chips, fresh-market or processing potatoes, potato producers rely upon different potato cultivars to meet market and consumer demands. Many cultivars possess distinctive traits which make them more or less susceptible to disease and insect pressure. One important and understudied trait that may confer host location preference and population performance include leaf fatty acid composition(s). It is known that leaf fatty acid composition can influence growth, taste, and even insect defense mechanisms. In the current investigation we examined the fatty acid composition of leaf tissue obtained from 8 commercial potato cultivars representing different market classes grown in a controlled field study. We examined colonization preference of Leptinotarsa decemlineata among the 8 different potato cultivars over a 45 day period representing the first full generation in Wisconsin. Results of these experiments suggest, i) that fatty acid compositions in leaf tissue vary between potato cultivars and among sample dates throughout the experiment, ii) that Leptinotarsa decemlineata may preferentially colonize particular potato cultivars, and iii) that there was a significant correlation between omega-3 fatty acid composition in leaf tissue and Leptinotarsa decemlineata cultivar preference. PubDate: 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12230-021-09857-w
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Abstract: Abstract Ninety-seven accessions of 14 wild Solanum species were evaluated for late blight resistance under natural infection conditions in the Toluca Valley, México, for two consecutive growing seasons. Significant effects were detected for the interaction of Accession/Year variation in Disease Maximum, sAUDPC (standardized AUDPC), r (rate of disease increase per unit time), and T50 (time to reach 50% of the disease). Continuous variation in Disease Maximum, sAUDPCs, r, and T50 indicated the presence of unique or multiple strong R genes for disease resistance. Eleven accessions from seven species with a high degree of resistance (R) were identified. Seven accessions from six species were also moderately resistant (MR) in both years. Five accessions of three species were MR or R in just one year, with 23 accessions being of interest as potential sources of resistance. Solanum genotypes that have a wide range of resistance could be used in breeding programs and for molecular genetic studies. PubDate: 2022-01-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12230-021-09856-x
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Abstract: A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-021-09840-5 PubDate: 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12230-021-09840-5
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