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Journal of Power Electronics
Number of Followers: 5  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 1598-2092 - ISSN (Online) 2093-4718 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Cascaded controllable source circuit and control of electromagnetic
transmitters for deep sea exploration-
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Abstract: Abstract The electromagnetic detection method is the main method of marine oil and gas resource exploration, and the marine electromagnetic transmitter is the key equipment of marine electromagnetic detection systems. At present, the power factor of the controllable source circuit of the electromagnetic transmitter is low, energy cannot be fed back, and the capacitance of the filter capacitor is large, which results in a large volume of the electromagnetic transmitter and high maintenance costs. Thus, a cascaded H-bridge controllable source circuit combined with active power decoupling technology is introduced in this paper. First, the topological structure and working principle of the controllable source circuit of the electromagnetic transmitter are analyzed, and an improvement plan is proposed for the existing problems of the controllable source circuit. Second, the working principle of the improved controllable source circuit is analyzed, and the advantages of the improved scheme are expounded. Then a control strategy based on linear active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed, and a linear ADRC controller is designed. Simulation results show that the improved controllable source circuit reduces the capacitance value, improves the power factor, reduces the volume of the underwater towing body, and reduces the maintenance cost of the system. The proposed control strategy makes the DC voltage have better anti-disturbance performance, and improves the reliability of the electromagnetic transmitter in deep sea exploration.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
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- Disturbance observer based non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control
of permanent magnet synchronous motors-
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Abstract: Abstract The existence of load disturbance can lead to the instability of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed control systems. Therefore, a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSMC) strategy based on a disturbance observer is proposed in this paper. First, a new exponential reaching law is presented to relate the rate of convergence to the state error and switching function, which achieves an improvement of the system convergence speed while reducing system jitter. At the same time, to eliminate system jitter, a new smooth saturation function is introduced in place of the symbolic function. Second, a non-singular fast terminal (NFT) sliding surface is generated by combining a nonlinear function with a linear function, which makes the state error converge rapidly at different stages. Finally, a disturbance observer is built to boost the robustness of the control system by observing the outside disturbance value and feeding it back to the speed controller. The dependability and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are confirmed by simulation experiments with MATLAB.
PubDate: 2023-11-25
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- Efficiency optimization control of permanent magnet synchronous motors for
pure electric vehicles based on GBDT-
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Abstract: Abstract In this paper, “Machine learning” is introduced to motor efficiency optimization control to improve the operating efficiency of the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for pure electric vehicles. A current distribution method based on the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) is proposed. The efficiency of the motor operation can be improved by coordinating the current control. First, a mathematical model of the motor efficiency is established, and the current distribution law of the optimal efficiency of the motor in different operating regions is qualitatively analyzed. The control system is based on this current distribution. Second, the sample space is established based on measured data, where the current regression model of the GBDT is introduced. Then by analyzing the importance of characteristic variables, the structure of the model is optimized, and the input and output of the model are reasonably selected, which are embedded into the control system to realize the coordinated control of the current. Finally, comparative experiment shows that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of PMSMs in the whole speed range.
PubDate: 2023-11-22
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- Research on overvoltage suppression of three-level converter based on
two–three phase mixed conduction mode-
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Abstract: Abstract For medium and high voltage drives, the three-level converter has better technical and economical performances than the two-level converter. Permanent magnetic brushless DC (BLDC) motors are widely used due to their simple control, low-resolution requirement of the position sensor, and high power density. The power switching devices in the non-conducting phase are blocked all the time when the two-phase conduction mode is used. Serious overvoltage of the inner power switching device occurs, which triggers the overvoltage alarm or causes system failure. In this paper, the overvoltage mechanism of the inner power switching device is analyzed in detail, and a mixed conduction mode containing a three-phase conduction mode in the first stage and a two-phase conduction mode in the second stage is proposed. The speed threshold for the switching of the two control modes is designed to suppress overvoltage in the starting stage and to reduce the loss of the converter at high speeds. The effectiveness of the overvoltage suppression and system safety of the proposed mixed conduction mode are verified by simulations and experiments.
PubDate: 2023-11-21
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- Current boundary-based predictive current control of induction machines
with lower switching frequencies-
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Abstract: Abstract An excessively high switching frequency causes significant losses in inverters, especially in high-power applications, which should be avoided. Predictive control, based on a circular boundary restriction strategy presented in this paper, can effectively suppress current distortion while reducing the switching frequency. Until now, this method has been implemented with the same boundaries for both the torque component and flux component of the stator current vector. Due to the physical behavior of an induction motor, a higher current distortion tolerance of the flux component of the stator current vector can be accepted without affecting the torque. Therefore, in this work, the circular boundary restriction strategy is modified to configure larger boundaries for the flux component than for the torque component. This is done to achieve an even lower switching frequency. Furthermore, an additional improvement can be expected if only the boundaries of the torque component are strictly maintained, while the magnetizing current can exceed its boundary to some extent. The predictive control method based on this new strategy is experimentally tested to determine its feasibility. A method based on the circular boundary strategy is also implemented under the same testing conditions, and the performances of both strategies are compared.
PubDate: 2023-11-20
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- Three-dimensional magnetic field analytical model-based electromagnetic
environment assessment of WPT systems-
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Abstract: Abstract Electromagnetic environment assessment is an important step in the design process of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system to ensure that it complies with electromagnetic radiation standards. Electromagnetic environment assessment usually requires an effective magnetic field analytical model. However, the traditional magnetic field analytical model does not consider the impact of shielding media on the external electromagnetic environment of the WPT system. Therefore, based on subdomain analysis technology in the Cartesian coordinate system, this paper establishes a three-dimensional magnetic field analytical model that comprehensively considers coil parameters, passive shielding media, and active shielding coils. To solve the problem of re-dividing various regions when migrating, a misalignment parameter was introduced in the modeling analysis. In addition, an efficient active shielding coil modeling method is proposed based on electromagnetic theory, which reduces the analytical calculation time of the model. Finally, a 200 W WPT system electromagnetic environment assessment platform that includes both active and passive shielding is built. Under different misalignment and transmission distance conditions, the maximum error of the model calculation and finite element analysis (FEA) is less than 3%, and the maximum error of the model calculation and measurement values is less than 8%. Research results verify the accuracy of the proposed three-dimensional magnetic field analytical model and the effectiveness of the shielding measures. This paper lays a theoretical foundation for the electromagnetic environment assessment of WPT systems and the pre-design of shielding measures.
PubDate: 2023-11-20
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- Dynamic characteristic improvement of battery chargers for personal
mobility devices using sliding mode control-
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Abstract: Abstract This paper proposes a control method for improving the dynamic characteristic of battery chargers for personal mobility devices (PMDs) using sliding mode control (SMC). Various types of PMDs have batteries with distinct voltages. Therefore, research on battery chargers for PMDs that can be applied to various types of PMD with distinct voltages has been actively pursued. In battery chargers for PMDs, the output voltage can usually be controlled by a proportional-integral (PI) controller. However, increasing the PI controller gain is necessary to enhance the dynamic characteristic of the output voltage. It results in an overshoot that adversely affects the stability of the battery charger. Therefore, in this paper, a control method using sliding mode control (SMC) is presented for improving the dynamic characteristic without overshoot in the output voltage of battery chargers for PMDs. The validity of the proposed control method is verified by the simulation and experimental results.
PubDate: 2023-11-16
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- Temperature field and demagnetization analysis of in-wheel motors based on
magneto-thermal two-way coupling-
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Abstract: Abstract Due to the narrow working space of an in-wheel motor, the heat generated by the motor loss is difficult to dissipate. This makes it easier for the in-wheel motor to demagnetize the permanent magnet due to the mega-temperature, which affects the output efficiency. To solve this problem, an external rotor hub motor is studied. First, in accordance with the theory of magnetic field modulation, the in-wheel motor to be studied is designed. By analyzing the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor, the correctness of the motor design is verified, and the losses of the motor under different working conditions are calculated. To acquire a more rigorous temperature increase record, the magnetic-thermal bidirectional coupling method is utilized to analyze the temperature field under different load conditions. The mechanism of the demagnetization of permanent magnets is analyzed, and demagnetization at different temperatures is obtained by magneto-thermal two-way coupling. Research shows that when the motor is overloaded for a long time, the temperature can reach a maximum of 220 °C. At this temperature, the permanent magnet undergoes irreversible demagnetization, which results in a 93.44% decrease in torque. Finally, temperature increase tests of a permanent magnet motor are carried out to verify the validity of the magneto-thermal two-way coupling analysis.
PubDate: 2023-11-14
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- Real-time grid parameter estimation with grid-forming converters for
robust synchronous power control-
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Abstract: Abstract The control system design of grid-forming (GFM) converters requires prior knowledge of grid parameters such as grid impedance, grid equivalent electromagnetic force (EMF), and short-circuit ratio (SCR), which are normally time-variant and preferably estimated in real time. However, existing estimation methods are either unable to estimate multiple parameters simultaneously or involve complex calculation algorithms for nonintrusive estimations. To address this issue, this study proposes a real-time grid parameter estimation method for GFM converters. Without introducing disturbances into the system, multiple parameters can be simultaneously estimated during the transient state with a simple algorithm, while the effects of the virtual impedance of the GFM converter and the output filter are both considered. In addition, a parameter estimation-based adaptive synchronous power control (SPC) is proposed, which exhibits improved dynamic performance and enhanced robustness of the GFM converter under various grid conditions. The validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation and hardware-in-loop-simulation (HILS) results.
PubDate: 2023-11-13
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- Systematic study on temperature and time-varying characteristics of SiC
MOSFET static parameters at 200 °C-
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Abstract: Abstract Silicon carbide (SiC) devices can be used in high-temperature conditions due to advancements in packaging technology and manufacturing processes. However, a systematic evaluation of SiC device performances at high temperatures is necessary. First, this study implements a number of static tests on SiC MOSFETs from several manufacturers in environments up to 230 °C to obtain the variation patterns of SiC MOSFET static parameters at different temperatures and to characterize the static properties of SiC MOSFETs at high temperatures. Second, the long-term high-temperature tolerances of 200 °C devices and 175 °C conventional commercial devices are compared. Static test results at different aging stages show that the performance for each device type changes to different degrees at high temperatures. However, these devices have recovery characteristics during the process of cooling to room temperature. Finally, the static parameter characteristics of SiC MOSFETs are summarized in terms of time and temperature to provide a theoretical basis for applying SiC power devices at high temperatures.
PubDate: 2023-11-04
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- Automatic resonant frequency tracking for DCX-LLC based on magnetizing
current cancellation-
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Abstract: Abstract The LLC resonant converter has been widely used as a DC–DC transformer (DCX) to provide a semi-regulated or unregulated bus voltage. However, due to circuit parameter variations, the switching frequency is usually different from the designed resonant frequency, which results in converter efficiency degradation. To achieve the highest efficiency under different scenarios, a novel primary-side regulation (PSR) scheme for LLCs based on magnetizing current cancellation is presented. The transformer magnetizing current component on the sampling resistor can be offset by the compensating current, which is generated by the auxiliary winding and the added compensating inductor. The effect of magnetizing current in the sampled primary resonant current can be effectively eliminated. Thus, the output current can be accurately estimated on the primary side of the LLC resonant converter. Finally, a prototype of a 20–60 V LLC is constructed to validate the theoretical analysis. In the experiment section, various scenarios are tested to assess the efficacy of the solution. It is shown that the LLC converter can always realize resonant frequency tracking with the highest transmission efficiency.
PubDate: 2023-11-02
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- Flicker-free single-stage LED drivers based on load current feedback
strategy-
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Abstract: Abstract The traditional AC/DC light-emitting diode (LED) driver with high power factor causes LED flicker because of the imbalance between the fluctuating instantaneous AC input power and the DC output power. Large electrolytic capacitors are commonly connected in parallel as an energy storage element on the load side to absorb the output ripple and restrain LED flicker. However, the electrolytic capacitor’s short lifespan and high temperature instability reduce the reliability of LED drivers. To realize a new flicker-free LED driver with low cost and high reliability, a series second harmonic current compensation circuit (series SHCC) powered by double vice-side windings is adopted based on single-stage resonant LLC converter in this study, and a new control strategy based on load current feedback is proposed. The proposed load current feedback strategy (LCFS) is analyzed and optimized from the perspective of closed-loop output impedance to minimize the output current ripple and suppress LED flicker. The proposed LCFS is applicable to LED load, and the main-stage PFC based on LLC and the SHCC based on Buck can share the same current sampling circuit, which can evidently simplify the control circuit to achieve a low-cost design. Finally, a 240W experimental LED driver prototype with a wide input and output range is established. The experimental results demonstrate that under rated power, the output current fluctuation depth ( \({\text{Mod\_I}}(\%)\) ) of the LED driver can be reduced to 3.93%, and the storage capacitance can be decreased by 89.7% under the same fluctuation depth.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Chaotic ant colony algorithm-based frequency-optimized random switching
frequency SVPWM control strategy-
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Abstract: Abstract To solve the problem where the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) of a three-phase inverter produces large harmonic components near the switching frequency (fs) and its doubling frequency, a frequency-optimized random switching frequency SVPWM (FORSF-SVPWM) control strategy is proposed in this paper. In this strategy, the basic principle of the chaotic ant colony algorithm in path optimization is used to determine the optimized scheme of the switching frequency distribution in the FORSF-SVPWM. Research shows that the frequency sample formed by the sigmoid function curve in the switching frequency range can cause the energy that was originally concentrated on the switching frequency and its doubling frequency to be more evenly distributed in the whole frequency range. Moreover, the amplitude of each harmonic wave is shown to be suppressed. The proposed strategy reduces the high-frequency noise and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) existing in power switching circuits. Thus, this strategy is obviously better than the traditional random switching frequency SVPWM (RSF-SVPWM) algorithm with its approximately uniform frequency distribution. Simulation and experimental results show that this strategy can work well in the hardware platform of a three-phase inverter without changing the topology of the main circuit of the system. In addition, this strategy is easy to implement.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Improved dynamics of DC bus control with a zig-zag transformer for bipolar
DC distribution systems-
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Abstract: Abstract The concept of bipolar DC distribution has been shown to possess superior flexibility, efficiency, and quality when compared to the conventional unipolar approach. However, the control dynamics of the power conversion circuit for bipolar DC distribution are typically limited by the presence of DC-side capacitors. To enhance the stability and the reliability of DC power distribution systems, it is essential to ensure stable responses to both load dynamic characteristics and DC faults. This paper proposes a bipolar configuration and control strategy to improve the DC-link response characteristics of DC distribution systems. The proposed circuit utilizes a zig-zag transformer to enhance the DC voltage control dynamics of the converter. The zero-sequence impedance along the common mode path of the converter is effectively reduced by the zig-zag transformer, with an impedance range equivalent to the leakage components of the transformer. The converter of the bipolar structure can independently control the voltages of each DC pole, which enables faster dynamic responses of the voltage controls. Additionally, this structure facilitates the handling of asymmetric loads on each pole. The validity and the operation of the proposed configuration are verified through simulations and experimental results.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Performance evaluation of carbon nanotube yarn-based inductors for
ISM-frequency band soft-switching converters-
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Abstract: Abstract With the advancement of carbon material science, there have been attempts to apply carbon nanotubes in various engineering fields. In power electronics, application research has been conducted on using carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn in inductors, transformers, and motor windings, because CNT yarns show promising mechanical and electrical characteristics when compared with conventional conduction materials. This paper evaluates the feasibility of CNT yarn-based inductor applications with respect to higher-frequency power converter circuits, especially focusing on the ISM (Industry–Science–Medical) frequency range. Inductors are fabricated using two kinds of CNT yarns with different conductivity values. These inductors are compared with copper and lead coiled inductors, since they have a relatively high conductivity with respect to CNT yarns, and due to their popularity in the industry. The small-signal impedance data of each inductor according to the frequency variation are measured using a network analyzer, and the measurements were compared with a COMSOL simulation. One of the main results of this research is that the CNT yarn-based inductors were shown to have a better normalized AC resistance characteristic than the conventional conductor inductors, which have higher conductivity. It was found that CNT inductors have a similar AC resistance when compared to that of metallic conductors with nearly 1.85 times higher conductivity. A 100 W differential class-E resonant converter is implemented to test the inductors and to verify the small-signal measurement results. Efficiencies and thermal images are obtained at 6.78-MHz and 13.56-MHz ISM frequencies.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Rotor short-circuited start-up strategy for a doubly fed induction
machine-fed large-rated variable-speed pumped storage unit operating in
pumping mode-
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Abstract: Abstract The starting time of a large-rated variable-speed pumped storage unit (PSU) operating in pumping mode is crucial in the power balancing scenario in a modern power system because it establishes the transition period from generation to pumping modes, and vice versa, which determines the power system stability. Doubly fed induction machines (DFIM) are preferred in large-rated variable-speed PSUs (> 100 MW) because they ensure variable-speed operation through partial-rated power converters. Initiating the DFIM in pumping mode is challenging, but it is overcome by utilizing rotor-side power converters. The start-up of DFIM is preferred through short-circuiting the stator windings and supplying power to the rotor windings via power converters. However, this task can be performed through either short-circuiting the rotor or stator windings. This work detailed the field-oriented vector control strategies of the rotor short-circuited method and compared the results with the conventional stator short-circuited method in a commercial 306 MVA DFIM-fed variable-speed PSU. Results demonstrate that short-circuiting the rotor windings reduces the starting time and power consumption by 27.5% and 27%, respectively, compared with the typical starting method. This reduced starting time is preferred by the grid authorities because it improves the power system stability. Furthermore, experimental results are validated in the laboratory with a scaled-down unit of 7.5 kW DFIM.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Hybrid PWM-based nearly constant switching frequency hysteresis controller
for VSI-fed IM drives with reduced peak-to-peak torque ripple-
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Abstract: Abstract A hybrid advanced bus clamping space vector PWM (ABCSVPWM)-based hysteresis current-controlled (HCC) voltage-sourced two-level inverter (VSI)-fed induction motor (IM) drive with a nearly constant switching frequency for improved peak-to-peak ripple torque is proposed in this paper. Online computation of the current error boundary from the sampled magnitudes of the reference phase voltages reduces the complexity and merges the advantages of current-controlled and voltage-controlled drives. The hybrid SVPWM applies advanced bus clamping sequences along with the conventional one and improves the torque ripple reduction capability, which enhances the performance. The phase voltage harmonic spectrum of the proposed drive is similar to that of voltage-controlled drives. An extensive analysis of the proposed drive is performed using MATLAB-Simulink for the transient and steady state responses of the drive. The peak-to-peak torque ripple is significantly improved. The proposed controller is examined physically on a 2.2 kW, 3 φ, 415 V induction motor (IM) using the dSPACE platform.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Single-loop order reduction output voltage control with model-free
filtering for DC/DC converters-
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Abstract: Abstract This study devises an advanced single-loop output voltage control method for DC/DC converters incorporating a model-free filter, active damping, and nonlinearly designed feedback terms. The resultant output-feedback controller ensures the order reduction property and reduces both the dependence level of the system model and the number of feedback loops. There are two main features that differentiate this from extant results. First, a model-free first-order pole-zero cancellation (PZC) filter extracts the time derivative component from the output voltage measurement according to the first-order dynamics by the order reduction property without any converter model information. Second, an active damping controller forming a modified proportional-integral-derivative structure tracks the output voltage to its desired trajectory along the first-order low-pass filter dynamics by the order reduction property from the PZC, which is independent of the current feedback. Experimental evidence obtained from an actual feedback system adopting a 3-kW prototype DC/DC converter validates the effectiveness of the proposed technique, which demonstrates the capability of the current sensor fault tolerance.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Output stability control method for electric vehicle DWPT systems based on
interleaved there-level buck converters-
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Abstract: Abstract With the development of wireless power transfer (WPT), dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) has become a key technology for solving the low driving range of electric vehicles. This study aims to alleviate the output fluctuation of the power supply rail of a bipolar transmitter during DWPT, and to meet the wide output voltage range requirement at the receiving end. Specifically, a cascaded interleaved three-level buck converter is developed as a power topology at the receiving end to effectively reduce the electrical stress of the switching device. In addition, a control method that combines active disturbance rejection control and a disturbance observer is proposed to suppress the output fluctuation of the coupling coil at the receiving end and to improve the dynamic response speed, which effectively enhances the output stability of the DWPT system. In this paper, a 30 kW DWPT experimental platform is established to verify the superiority of the cascaded three-level buck converter and the effectiveness of the proposed control method. The proposed control method has a 40% higher fluctuation suppression capability when compared with the traditional control method.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Accuracy improvement of maximum torque per ampere control for interior
permanent magnet synchronous motor drives reflecting PM flux linkage
variations-
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Abstract: Abstract An algorithm for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive to improve the accuracy of maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control reflecting variations in the permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage is proposed in this paper. In IPMSM drives, reluctance and PM torque are generated, and both the efficiency and developed torque of IPMSM drives are directly affected by parameter variations. A stator flux linkage observer estimates PM flux linkage in real time, and a correction factor for torque error compensation is computed. The MTPA trajectory is formed into a two-dimensional look-up table (LUT), which is used to allow the MTPA trajectory to correct the torque error caused by parameter changes. In this paper, the proposed torque error compensation IPMSM control method is implemented and confirmed by simulation and experimental results.
PubDate: 2023-10-10
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