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Abstract: Abstract Water is a very important natural resource for sustaining human life and the environment. The water resources of the South Western Coastal Region (SWCR) of Bangladesh are greatly influenced by different climatic factors and arsenic contamination. This creates a crisis of safe drinking water for the inhabitants of SWCR in Bangladesh. As a result, the Pond Sand Filter (PSF) and Protected Pond (PP) are the most widely used systems for purifying drinking water in SWCR. A semi-structured self-exploratory questionnaire was used to identify the viability of the PSF system for ensuring a safe drinking water supply and its adaptation strategies among the beneficiaries. Among the PSF and PP water users, a total of 182 equally distributed respondents in 13 villages of Mongla Upazila of Bagerhat District were selected randomly. The result revealed that 80% of respondents used PSF water in all seasons for washing and cooking purposes. During the disaster period, submerged and non-submerged PP water sources were found to be 95% and 5%, respectively. In the case of PSF, 84% were found as non-submerged, followed by submerged (3%), partially destroyed (10%), destroyed (2%), and totally undisturbed (1%) in the study area. 83% of respondents directly consumed PSF water as their safe drinking water source and the remaining 12% and 5% of respondents consumed it along with boiling and commercial filtration treatment, respectively. The development of various beneficiary groups for good PSF maintenance, repair, and operation should be acknowledged as a drinking water option in the study region. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Assessment of groundwater quality is vital to protect this natural resource. The aims of this study were to evaluate the hydrochemical quality and deciphering its suitability for irrigation and human consumption purposes from the Saltora block of Bankura district, West Bengal. The district is characterized by adequate annual precipitation, but many parts of this district are facing acute water crisis. This may be due to its geological setup which is not suitable and also because of the presence of impervious lithology near to subsurface and also because of inundated nature of surface drainage pattern. Groundwater samples from 16 bore wells have been collected covering the entire block, during two sampling sessions—pre- and post-monsoon sessions of the year 2019 to have a present status on concentration and spatiotemporal fluctuations of controlling ions of the subsurface water. Measurements of some physicochemical parameters have been carried out in spot by Hanna Instruments and other qualitative chemical characteristics of groundwater were analyzed in laboratory. Measurements of different parameters such as sodium adsorption ratio, magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), soluble sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, permeability index (PI), total hardness (TH), Kelly’s ratio (KR) and Piper trilinear plots followed by Gibb’s diagram and Schoeller diagram have been carried out for deciphering drinking, domestic and irrigation suitability of the Saltora block water. Gibb’s diagram indicates that general groundwater chemistry is dominated by the natural process of rock water interaction. Charge balance of groundwater samples collected seem to be good based upon the Ionic balance calculations. Schoeller diagram results present the following trends: Ca2+ > Mg+ > Na+ > K+; HCO3¯ > Cl¯ > SO42¯ > total Fe > F (for mg/L) and Mg+ > Ca2+ > Na+ > K+; Cl¯ > HCO3¯ > SO42¯ > F (for meq/L). High values of magnesium in around 60–70% of the samples have resulted in high MAR values (> 50) depicting increase in its alkaline nature. The Piper diagram results show that all groundwater samples collected from the investigated area do not conform to the fresh water category and therefore are not deemed suitable for drinking purposes. Water quality index values varied from 32.96 to 518.08 in pre-monsoon and 36.77 to 190.23 in post-monsoon sessions which indicate that the water of this block is good enough to use for domestic purposes. High to very high iron content in groundwater is observed across both sampling sessions in the study area. Thus, removal of iron through alum treatment of the groundwater seems to be the only cost-effective and reliable method to turn the groundwater completely potable in the study area. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract The hydrogeochemical signatures, quality, and suitability of water resources in Okurumutet-Iyamitet mine sites, southeastern Nigeria were evaluated using indexical and chemometric methods for domestic and drinking purposes. Groundwater and surface water samples were evaluated for 22 physicochemical and hydrogeochemical parameters, employing standard techniques. Results revealed the major cations and anions to be Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+ and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−, respectively. Heavy metals were revealed to be in the order: Mn > Pb > Cd > Zn > Fe > Ba and Pb > Mn > Cd > Fe > Zn > Ba, for groundwater and surface water, respectively. Five water types were identified, with the dominant water types being Ca–Mg–HCO3 (61.23%) and Mg–HCO3–Cl (38.85%). Overall, the major chemical ion concentrations in the waters were within required standards, albeit most of the samples recorded pH concentrations above the required values, describing the waters as weakly acidic. The level of heavy metals was assessed using the modified heavy metal index and pollution load index. Most of the water samples are polluted with heavy metals including Cd and Pb. The drinking water quality assessment was performed using water quality index, overall index of pollution, and geospatial models. Results revealed that 69.23% of the waters (within the east-central and southeastern area) are unsuitable. Correlation and factor analyses suggested that the associations between the analytes are attributable to geogenic and anthropogenic factors, although anthropogenic activities seem to have played a higher role. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract The actual power output of a hydropower hardly matches the design output, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, this paper presents the performance evaluation of the Kainji hydroelectric power in Nigeria using artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression. Hydrological and power output data that includes reservoir inflow, water surface elevation, turbine discharge and power generation for the power plant were obtained for a period from 2006 to 2019. To predict the power generation, 70% of the dataset is used for model training and the remainder for model validation and testing. Of all the artificial neural network models considered, the model with 3-15-1 architecture was selected as optimum for the power output prediction. Furthermore, to evaluate the performance of the two techniques, the dataset (2016–2019) was fed into the developed models and comparisons were made using the root mean square error and coefficient of determination. Upon evaluation, the performance of the two techniques were found to be satisfactory. However, the multiple linear regression technique provides the most satisfactory as it gives root mean square error of 19.45% and coefficient of determination of 0.91 while artificial neural network had 39.31% and 0.64, respectively, for the power generation prediction. Through the models, the power output was predicted for the 2021–2025. From the results, the maximum power output of 476 MW and 391 MW were predicted for 2021 and 2025, respectively, against a design capacity of 760 MW. Therefore, maintenance of the turbine system is desirable to increase the output of the power plant. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract The increased rate of population and industrialization in the world today have enhanced contamination by toxic elements, which presents a public health and environmental challenges. In this research, the findings are based on 13 water samples acquired along the Ekulu River, the GIS and the multivariate methods of statistical analysis were adopted to Ekulu River hydrogeochemical tests to evaluate the impacts of urbanization and the spatial variation of harmful elements (Fe, Mn, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Zn) in the river water. By comparing the varying concentrations with World Health Organization (WHO) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard limits. All toxic metal content in samples taken surpassed the acceptable normal human intake limits. The amounts of Fe and Pb in the upstream samples collected were substantially greater than those from the mid-stream and down-stream areas. In addition, the results show high levels of Ni and As in upstream and down-stream areas, and high amounts of Mn and Cd in mid-stream areas. Multivariate statistical analysis like correlation matrix, PCA and CA confirmed that Fe, Mn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn are originated from human activity, especially spills from abandoned Enugu coal fields, solid waste disposal along the river channel and industrial effluents. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract The notion of groundwater susceptibility is generally studied in rapports of the ability of a medium to transmit a pollutant vertically from the surface towards the saturated zone. The protection and good management of the groundwater resource are essential. The present work is part of the monitoring of the hydrogeochemical evolution and quality of groundwater in the Oued Kert basin (Mediterranean zone, Driouch Province, eastern Morocco); by determining the concentrations of major ions and contamination indices. Sampling was carried out by ISO 5665 standard. Besides the arithmetic analysis of the statistics by the principle components analysis, the interpretation of the analytical data about the phenomena responsible for the mineralization was also carried out using the hydrochemical classification, resulting from the Piper diagram. The waters of the basin are characterized by strong to weak medium to low mineralization (760 < EC < 9500 μS∙cm−1), where more than 30% samples showed nitrate concentrations above the world standard. On microbiological level, the study reports the existence of bacteria: coliforms (0 CFU.100 mL−1 < FC < 850 CFU.100 mL−1), Streptococcus Fecal (0 CFU.100 mL−1 < FS < 330 CFU.100 mL−1). The presence of high levels of fecal bacteria, confirming the influence of septic tanks, and the usage of animal waste on groundwater vulnerability. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Carbon steel seawater piping in marine vessels is susceptible to corrosion resulting in the application of various coatings to reduce the corrosion rate and extend the life of the piping. Typically, coatings are selected primarily on the basis of corrosion protection without considering energy losses related to the friction of the resulting coated surface. Galvanizing is the most common method of coating seawater piping on marine vessels; however, galvanizing increases the internal pipe roughness and consequently, pressure drop, and energy consumed in pumping. This study determines the potential energy savings by comparing polyethylene coating to galvanized coating on marine vessel piping systems. The comparison was performed using both analytical and computational methods for the case of the reference vessel system. The energy savings for polyethylene coatings indicated between a 33% and 44% percent energy savings for pipe, without considering the fittings, depending on the Reynolds number of the flow. Energy saving for the pipe with fittings was obtained using CFD since there is no data for polyethylene coated fittings and found slightly lower because turbulence and eddies contribution to head losses. Results of the analytical study were further verified using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The reduction in carbon emissions per year is then quantified to be around 20 tons. In addition, when deterioration of galvanized steel pipe is considered, the amount of emission reduced increases every year till reaching 40 tons/year after five years of operation. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract In the present scenario, groundwater resources are becoming scarce and there is need of identifying additional resources to meet the future demands in the study area. The present study focuses on groundwater prospecting using geographic information system-based analytical hierarchical process and geophysical tests. Hierarchical process was used to determine and assign weights to the themes for demarcating groundwater potential zones in the Cheyyeru watershed. Study revealed that, in the study area, Cheyyeru watershed, 261.70 (36.15%), 210.05 (29.01%) and 252.25 (34.84%) km2 of area has good, moderate and poor groundwater potential, respectively. Results also indicated that Gundlur, Rayavaram and Baddanagadda have good, moderate and low potentials, respectively. Reliability of results was ascertained using groundwater yield data and vertical electrical sounding data from 13 pumping wells and 9 locations, respectively. Methodology adopted in this study is more systematic, reliable and accurate. Same can be adopted while carrying out similar works for better planning, conjunctive use and development of groundwater resources in the basin. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Groundwater development is highly essential in order to make a region socio-economically sustainable. The quality of the groundwater is a major concern as it is continuously degrading due to natural and anthropogenic sources. In recent years, groundwater reserves of Malwa region, Punjab in India is significantly degrading in terms of quality. Therefore, a scientific study was conducted to assess the suitability of the groundwater of Malwa region with respect to domestic and agricultural use. For this purpose, 129 groundwater samples were collected from the domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors of most populated areas existing in this region in each month from February to June 2019 and chemically analysed in accordance with the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association. A strong significant positive correlation between total dissolved solid and conductivity, total dissolved solid and chloride, magnesium and total hardness, calcium and total hardness is observed during analysis. Spatial maps were also plotted for each water quality parameter using the Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation technique. The suitability of groundwater for domestic purposes was quantified through water quality index and it is observed that only 10.85% of total samples are suitable for drinking purposes. Similarly, multiple agricultural water quality indicators were used to check the suitability of groundwater for agricultural purposes and all analysed samples have poor irrigation quality. It is concluded from analysis that the groundwater quality of Malwa region is varying from poor category to unfit for use with respect to both domestic and agriculture use. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Groundwater (GW) is a significant source of freshwater supply because of the increasing the demand of for water for agriculture, industrial, rapid population growth and domestic consumption. In this paper, DRASTIC vulnerability model was implemented to assess vulnerability zones in the middle Delta, Gharbia Governorate (Egypt). DRASTIC maps are developed for modified pesticide DRASTIC, modified DRASTIC and pesticide DRASTIC. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to optimize the ratings and the weights of vulnerability DRASTIC model input parameters. Quantile classification approach was applied to classify the areas as follow: very high, high, moderate, low and very low vulnerable to groundwater contamination in all DRASTIC models. Based on all DRASTIC models, obtained results demonstrate that South of Zefta is classified as a very high vulnerable zone. Most of Qutur region is classified as moderate vulnerable zone based on all DRASTIC models, except AHP-pesticide DRASTIC and AHP-modified pesticide DRASTIC are classified as highly vulnerable zone. The majority of Samanod region as well as north of Al-Mahalla Al-Kubra region are categorized as a very low vulnerable zone. Single-parameter sensitivity analyses demonstrated that groundwater depth characteristic possesses the maximum influence on vulnerability assessment. The models are validated with measured nitrate concentration for water samples collected from 75 wells. Obtained results show accepted correlation between nitrate concentration and AHP pesticide modified DRASTIC. PubDate: 2022-05-26
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Abstract: Abstract The present study evaluated the physico-chemical properties of water in an ecologically sensitive floodplain wetland of India, Kapla Beel, and analysed the status of its water quality. Water samples were collected monthly from December, 2019 to November, 2020 to examine the physico-chemical parameters using standard methods, results of which were compared with National (Bureau of Indian Standards) and International (World Health Organization) drinking water standards. Calculated values of turbidity, total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Alkalinity exceeded the acceptable limits. A distinct seasonal variation among the water quality parameters was observed during the study period. Parameters viz. pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), alkalinity and chloride showed the highest values during the winter season; while two variables i.e. magnesium and nitrate showed maximum values in the premonsoon season. In the monsoon season, peak values were recorded by seven physico-chemical parameters, viz. water temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, sodium, potassium and sulphate. On the other hand, variables such as COD, Calcium and TH showed the highest concentration in post-monsoon season. Pearson’s correlation coefficient depicted a significant correlation among the parameters. One-way ANOVA showed that seasonal difference in physicochemical parameters was statistically significant for water temperature, turbidity, TDS, alkalinity, potassium, sodium, sulphate, pH, nitrate, calcium, DO, BOD, conductivity (p < 0.05). To determine the overall water quality status of the study area and to examine the potentiality of its water for different uses, the Water quality index rating indicates ‘poor’ water quality status of the wetland. PubDate: 2022-05-19
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Abstract: Abstract To meet India’s ever-increasing power demand and to stop dependence on coal imports, hydropower seems to be a very favourable alternative, which is clean, renewable, and eco-friendly. This paper reviews India’s hydropower scenario along with various constraints that hinder the tapping of the huge hydroelectric potential, especially in the north-eastern states. The prospects of using micro hydropower plants to outweigh the threats posed by the large dams in northeast India have been discussed along with various hurdles that impede the hydro potential of the region. An effort has also been made to highlight a few noteworthy researches in the field of micro-hydropower plants carried out in recent years. In the end, a Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat analysis has been done to discuss the various aspects of setting up micro-hydroelectric power plants in this region. PubDate: 2022-05-13
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Abstract: Abstract The water supply system is one of the important hydraulic infrastructures in providing water to consumers. In Nepal, most of the water supply systems are managed by the water supply users’ committee (WSUC). In the present study, it is aimed to evaluate its institutional performance as the system reaches close to the end of design periods. Three water supply systems located in the three different wards are considered in the study. To gather relevant information as per methodology, water quality tests and field observations were carried out to collate primary data and various published field and research reports and related publications were reviewed for secondary data. Furthermore, the technical performance of the water supply system was analyzed based on water supply coverage, per capita consumption, water production for population, water quality test, and physical structure index. The analysis of the results indicates that 69.43% of the area is covered by piped water supply with per capita supply of 50.44 lpcd. The production of water was found as 0.13 m3/day/person. The quality of water at the source is found within National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) limit and physical structure efficiency is worked out as 51%. PubDate: 2022-04-28
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Abstract: Abstract Seawater quality around Dar es Salaam harbour was evaluated by analysing geochemical parameters using standard methods and determining water quality pollution indices. Kruskal–Wallis One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on ranks indicated that median values of measured parameters were statistically significant (H = 105.958, df = 14, p < 0.001). No spatial trend was observed for all parameters. Spearman correlation analysis revealed positive significant correlation at 0.05 (two-tailed) between total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity, Cd and pH, Zn and Pb, Cu and Cd, Cr and Cd, and Cu and Cr, while negative significant correlation was observed between TDS and faecal coliforms (FC), ammonia and pH, FC and total coliforms (TC), Pb and phosphate, TC and Cu, and TC and Cr. Multivariate analyses indicated that TDS, salinity, phosphate, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, Zn, Cu, Pb and FC are responsible for characterising harbour seawater quality and have an anthropogenic origin. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that all geochemical parameters can be split into clusters based on bacteriological parameters while sampling stations can be split into clusters based on socio-economic activities including sewage and wastewater discharges. Status of seawater using water quality assessment indices indicated low contamination levels, indicative of low risks resulting from anthropogenic pressures on the harbour environments. However, regular monitoring of geochemical parameters and their associated anthropogenic activities is recommended. PubDate: 2022-04-22
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Abstract: Abstract Patna, the state capital of Bihar, is primarily reliant on groundwater to meet its daily requirements, and overexploitation has placed significant strain on the quality and quantity of groundwater resources. Regular monitoring of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigational purposes can be useful to detect any undesirable change in its ionic composition. Therefore, the study has been put forward with an objective to monitor the current status of groundwater and give a comprehensive account of spatial and seasonal variation in its physico-chemical characteristics and irrigational suitability using GIS-based approach. Sixty groundwater samples were collected seasonally (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon) from 20 (twenty) different locations of Patna, Bihar in 2019–2020 and analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics using standard procedures. All the parameters were compared with the Bureau of Indian Standards 2012. Significant spatial variation was observed in pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3−, and Cl− between sampling sites, whereas ANOVA revealed significant seasonal differences in pH (p = 0.000), Ca2+ (p = 0.000), Mg2+ (p = 0.000) and Na+ (p = 0.028). The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was evaluated with the help of sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, residual sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hazard, Permeability Index and potential salinity. Based on different irrigational indices, all groundwater samples were found to be suitable for irrigation purposes. USSL diagram has classified nearly 75% of overall groundwater samples features medium salinity with low sodium hazard, while Doneen’s plot reveals 98.3% of samples are characterized with maximum permeability. PubDate: 2022-04-13
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Abstract: Abstract Water quality evaluation is necessary to guarantee that resources should be used safely for drinking, agriculture, and industry. Twenty three groundwater samples were collected systematically according to the standard procedure during pre- and post-monsoon seasons in Vaniyar sub-basin, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. The main objective of the study is to understand the spatial and statistical variation of groundwater geochemistry seasonal-wise. Vaniyar sub-basin lies between the latitudes 12° 11′ 46″ N and 12° 09′ 39″ N and longitudes 78° 12′ 27″ E and 78° 36′ 65″ E covering an area of 982.25 km2. Out of which plain land covers an area of 591.43 km2. The study area is mostly underlain by Archaean crystalline rocks, the majority of which are charnockite. Quartz and feldspar are the most predominant minerals present in this rock formation. Unconsolidated and semi-consolidated formations, as well as worn and broken crystalline rocks, are the main aquifer formation in this area. The physical and chemical characteristics of the groundwater analysis findings were compared to the Bureau of Indian Standards’ (New Delhi, 2012) guidelines were used to find out the suitability of groundwater for drinking, irrigational and domestic purposes. ARC GSI 10.1and SPSS software is used to find out the spatial and statistical variation of the study area. From the correlation matrix, TDS and EC showing a high positive correlation toward the major cation and anion indicate that origin of major ions in groundwater samples has occurred from rock–water interaction. Factor analysis of two major monsoons shows that Factor 1 pre- and post-monsoon is having a high positive loading strongly suggests that the geogenic process is the main factor that influences the chemistry of groundwater in the area. Most of the major ions are formed by the dissolution of the host rock. Most of the major cation and anion are fall within the permissible limit and the spatial variation of pre- and post-monsoon indicate a high concentration of an ion in the north and northwestern part of the study area. Fluoride concentration in the study area is high, due to the presence of fluoride-bearing minerals in the host rock. In this location, it is required to remove excessive levels of fluoride from drinking water, and efforts should be done to provide water once the fluoride has been removed to improve the area’s life. PubDate: 2022-04-12
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Abstract: Abstract Ethiopia has abundant energy resources; however, only 45% of its population has access to energy. The hydropower potential assessment and development in the various river basins of Ethiopia needs more attention. Therefore, this study proposed a strategy to assess and implement the hydropower in the data-scarce region of Ethiopia, the Omo-Gibe basin. In this study, the hydropower potential was assessed using the Geographic Information System and Soil and Water Assessment Tool through the following procedure: (1) the stream network for the Winike river basin was generated; (2) the hydraulic head of second-order and above streams was estimated; (3) the hydropower potential sites with the hydraulic head of 20 m and above were identified; (4) the SWAT parameters were calibrated, validated, and regionalized in the study basin; (5) the flow duration curve was developed; (6) finally, the hydropower potential of each site was estimated. Based on the analysis, 103 potential sites were found to be suitable in the study region based on the available discharge and hydraulic head ranging between 20 and 81 m. The run-of-river hydropower potential of the identified sites was determined by integrating the results of the hydraulic head and dependable flow. In general, the overall analysis showed that the total hydropower potential of the Winike river was found to be 183.16, 125.96, and 33.03 MW at 50, 75, and 90% dependability, respectively. Moreover, the GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis was considered to rank the potential sites based on their suitability for implementing the hydropower projects in the study region. PubDate: 2022-04-11
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Abstract: Abstract In hydrogeologic unit, geohydraulic properties are very important parameters in the management and exploitation of groundwater resources. The present study integrated electrical resistivity and physicochemical methods to investigate the subsurface geohydraulic parameters and determine the degree of susceptibility to contamination via aquifer vulnerability index (AVI) and the physicochemical attributes. The subsurface lithological characteristics were characterized employing vertical electrical sounding technique in thirteen (13) locations within the study area to delineate the aquifer units. The results from the estimated parameters revealed the spatial variations of subsurface lithostratigraphy units as displayed in the contour maps. The values of these parameters vary widely across the study area (aquifer resistivity: 65.0 to 1867.7 Ωm; hydraulic conductivity: 0.3431–7.8686 m/day; transmissivity: 19.6616–653.8802 m2/day; porosity: 20.69–33.60%; hydraulic resistance: 0.23–121.54). The AVI classified the vulnerability into extremely high, high and moderate. The various physicochemical analyses of the water samples obtained from six (6) boreholes gave their concentrations and the results were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) allowable standard values for drinking water. Na+, Ca+, SO42−, Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg2+ and Cl− respectively have concentrations below the WHO standards. Integration of geoelectric and physicochemical facies showed the goodness of fit and demonstrates the efficacy of integrating the not direct geophysical method with physicochemical method. PubDate: 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s42108-022-00191-3
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Abstract: Abstract The study aims to demarcate groundwater potential zones in the Coimbatore district of South India using geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods. A total of 10 thematic layers such as geomorphology, geology, lineament density, land use/land cover (LULC), soil, drainage density, rainfall, slope, curvature and topographic wetness index (TWI) were created and analysed for groundwater potential zone delineation. The analytical hierarchal process (AHP) was employed to assign suitable weights to various thematic maps. The Weighted sum overlay analysis tool of ArcGIS 10.5 was used to overlay the thematic layers to generate the study area's groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) map. The resulting map was categorised into excellent, good, moderate, and poor. The findings indicate that about 16% and 37% of the study area is classified as poor and moderate groundwater potential zones, respectively, while approximately 26% and 21% fall under the good and excellent potential zones. The obtained results were validated using pre-and post-monsoon groundwater fluctuation data, which demonstrated consistency with the methodology adopted. Overall results prove the efficacy of using geospatial technology in combination with AHP in delineating groundwater potential zones. Hence, the results obtained can be helpful for decision-makers in the planning and management of groundwater resources and for locating the sites for new borewells in the study area. PubDate: 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s42108-022-00188-y
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Abstract: Abstract As there is a high increase in the interest in environmental issues in recent years, and in according to this desire for reduction of the pollution load to the environment, the problem of the reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) amount that be released to the neighboring environment of the West Assiut combined cycle power plant (WACCPP), needs to be solved. The amount of reverse osmosis concentrate reduction, by quality improvement through reduction of total dissolved solids (TDS) in reverse osmosis’s feed water (treatment scenario) which could increase the reverse osmosis units permeate, consequently decreasing the ROC water volume was studied. Also, the produced ROC’s quality improvement in the laboratory using Al electrodes for TDS reduction is used in a process called electrocoagulation is applied. Consequently, the ROC amount reduction and quality improvement were achieved, and the rejected water that could be released to the neighboring environment safely. PubDate: 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s42108-021-00159-9
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