Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Boniface J. Tiimob, Joshua Madison, Albert E. Russell, Desmond G. Mortley Abstract: The research described herein compares ethanol yield from the conversion of starch in sweetpotato storage roots via endogenous enzyme hydrolysis to that of exogenous enzyme hydrolysis (diastatic barley malt). White-fleshed roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam) breeding clones; TU090R0005, TIB4004, TU090020, TU090013, BM8342197-05, BM854219905 and TIB4085 were processed for distillation to determine ethanol concentration. HPLC analysis was used to determine ethanol and residual sugar concentrations and 1H NMR analysis was used to confirm the identity of the distillate. HPLC analysis of the crude fermented slurry showed glucose at retention time of 9.98 min, ethanol at 21.50 min and a trace amount of residual glucose in TU090013. Initial glucose concentration (HPLC) ranged from 9.1±0.49 mg/mL to 12.3±0.49 mg/mL and 0.79±0.49 mg/mL to 3.46±0.49 mg/mL for exogenous and endogenous enzyme hydrolysis respectively. The volume fraction of ethanol as measured by HPLC ranged from 3.38 ± 0.06 % to 4.13 ± 0.06 % ; and 0.98 ± 0.06 % to 1.60 ± 0.06 % ; whereas the volume fraction by distillation, when compared to the HPLC data, ranged from 3.21 ± 0.14 % to 4.22 ± 0.14 %; and 0.86 ± 0.14 % to 1.64 ± 0.14 %. These results suggest that exogenous enzymes are needed for commercial production of ethanol. T-test (p < 0.05) comparing the amount of ethanol recovered after distillation and the concentration of ethanol measured by HPLC found no significant difference between the two methods for determining ethanol concentration. PubDate: 2013-08-09 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2013)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:E. G. Ladopoulos Abstract: An innovative and groundbreaking theory is proposed by using intermediate bands within the energy gap of the semiconductor in order to increase the efficiency of solar cells. Consequently, photons with energy less than the band gap may contribute to the output device by using the intermediate band or bands, in order to jump to the conduction band. This problem is reduced to the solution of non-linear integral equations and for their evaluation a special numerical method is proposed. Generally, in solar cells low energy photons cannot excite electrons to the conduction band and then to the external circuit. On the other hand, intermediate bands get advantage of the lower energy photons by allowing the electrons to be promoted to levels in the usually forbidden energy gap. Thus, through the above multi-step approach, then the efficiency of the solar cell is increasing. In the present research it will be shown that the maximum efficiency of an ideal solar cell containing one and two intermediate bands will be 63% and 75%, respectively. PubDate: 2013-08-09 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2013)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Ani Vincent Anayochukwu, Nzeako Anthony Ndubueze Abstract: This paper explores the possibility of hybridizing the diesel generator source system with renewable energy sources and demonstrate the potential of renewable energies to replace (partially) diesel as a source of power for mobile base station sites. The concept of hybridizing the diesel generator is to reduce both the operating cost and the quantity of different air pollutants. The patterns of load consumption by mobile base station are studied and suitably modeled for optimization using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software. The proposed Hybrid (Solar and Hydro) + DG system was simulated using the model which results in four different topologies. The solution with the highest optimization value is considered to be the best energy option (solution) for the Base Station Site. From the simulation results, the PV/Hydro-Diesel system solution has the highest optimization value. It saves $15,961,777 and 70.553 tonnes of CO2 when compared with diesel only. PubDate: 2013-08-09 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2013)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:S. Ghosh, D. Dutta Abstract: Compliance with the limited oil reserves on the earth and governmental regulations about the environment to meet emission standards leads to the quest for fuels which are eco-friendly and safe for the human beings. It is now well established that lower blends of biodiesel and diesel works well in the existing engines without any modifications due to the similarity of the bio fuels to the diesel fuel. Experimental investigation was carried out in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel, soybean oil methyl ester (SOME) and 20SOME (80% diesel+20% Soybean oil methyl ester). The performance such as brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) at different brake power and exhaust emission characteristics such as unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), Carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), and smoke density at different brake power and compared with diesel fuel. The investigation revealed that the engine performance under biodiesel blend 20SOME was similar to that of pure diesel fuel with nearly the same brake thermal efficiency and the maximum emission of smoke for 20SOME blend was same as for diesel. The carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions decreased significantly compared to neat diesel fuel. PubDate: 2013-03-21 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2013)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Abolfazl Halvaei Niasar, Robert Vartanian, Hassan Moghbelli Abstract: Global warming is a major concern in today’s world. To address this issue, most countries are working on the usage of renewable energy sources like solar energy, clean fuels (hydrogen) and trying to increase the efficiency of fossil fuel plants. This paper discusses the hybridization of the renewable solar energy source with highly efficient and clean usage of natural gas fossil fuel. The hybrid power plant used in this project uses renewable energy sources as a reliable power supply with stand-alone and grid-connected capability which can increase network power quality. Simulation results have been discussed to show the contribution of natural gas fuel cells, photovoltaic power plants, and electric energy storage in supplying a constant load. PubDate: 2013-03-21 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2013)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Vishwash K. Deshpande, Sampatrao D. Manjare Abstract: In this paper, heat transfer coefficient, in solar collector tube under scaling conditions has been experimentally determined using a specifically fabricated test apparatus. The effect of various variables such as scale thickness, flow conditions and tube wall temperatures on heat transfer coefficients have been investigated. The experimental results reveals that the scale thickens has a dominating effect on heat transfer coefficient PubDate: 2013-03-21 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2013)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:T. Dhilip, R. Nallappan, T. Vijayakanth Abstract: Biodiesel is a renewable energy resource, which has the potential to reduce greenhouse emissions and to facilitate energy sustainability. It can provide an alternative to petroleum-based diesel. The combustion characteristics of diesel and biodiesel such as burning rate and flame shape are determined by using the porous-sphere experimental technique. Fuel has been transpired to the surface of a porous sphere. Burning of the fuel takes place on the surface of the porous sphere, which is placed in atmospheric pressure and temperature under normal gravity conditions. For each sphere size and fuel type, the fuel feed rate will vary and the same is recorded as the burning rate for that configuration. The burning rate is determined experimentally and compared for diesel and biodiesel of Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja). The flame shape is analyzed by post-processing the digital image of the flame photograph using suitable imaging software. Results show that the diesel fuel has higher burning rate and evaporation rate when compared to biodiesel. The height of the diesel flame, smoke emission and its luminosity is higher than that of biodiesel. PubDate: 2013-03-21 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2013)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Dr. Jayanta Pal Abstract: This paper contains measurement of contact resistivity and bulk resistivity of CuxO (0<x<1) thin films deposited by r. f. sputtering method. The conditions for deposition of CuxO thin film were optimized by varying the r. f. power to vary the contact resistivity and bulk resistivity. Electrical characterizations were performed by Transmission Line Model (TLM) and Vertical Transmission Model (VTM) studies. The films deposited on glass substrate have contact resistivity in the range 2.53 – 15 W-cm2 and bulk resistivity in the range 0.35 – 0.96 W-cm. PubDate: 2012-11-30 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Meenakshi Pramanik, Parichay Das Abstract: The texture is very important cue in region based segmentation of images. Texture features play a very important role in computer vision and pattern recognition. Texture segmentation can be broken down into two areas, feature extraction and clustering. In this paper, we implement two stage of feature extraction technique using multichannel filter and Self Organizing Map (SOM). Firstly, we go through channel filters, also known as 2-D Gabor functions. The texture features are extracted using a multichannel approach. The channels comprise of a set of Gabor filters having different sizes, orientations, and frequencies to constitute feature vector. This feature vectors are then given to SOM for feature reduction. From the result we can analyze that the disadvantage of using Gabor filters in texture analysis, i.e., the higher dimensionality of the Gaborian feature space is overcome by the reduction in the dimensionality of the feature space achieved by SOM. It is found that the incorporation of secondary feature vectors improves the classification performance and reduces the complexity of the feature extraction and classification stages. PubDate: 2012-11-30 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Ashok J. Keche, G. Amba Prasad Rao, Rajendrakumar G. Tated Abstract: Generating electrical energy through biomass has advantages besides achieving self-sustainability. Biomass is particularly useful for agriculture dependent economy nations like India.Energy conversion systems based on biomass are particularly interesting because biomass utilization effectively closes the carbon cycle. An experimental investigation on biomass based gasifier engine system of 35kVA capacity has been carried out for power generation application. Problems of cooling and cleaning hot and dirty gas from gasifier has been satisfactory solved by cooling and filtration system. The gasifier developed is observed to be operator friendly.The quality of gas is evaluated in terms of its composition, conversion efficiency and total particulate matter. Maximum output of power plant was obtained at combustion zone temperature of 850ºC. The experimental investigations show that the percentage reduction in total particulate matter is 89.32%. The conversion efficiency of biomass gasifiers is found to be dependent on gasifier operating conditions and fuel properties. The optimum value of equivalence ratio was observed to be 0.3134 for achieving maximum gas conversion efficiency of a present gasifier configuration. PubDate: 2012-11-30 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Amba Prasad Rao, U. S. Vara Prasad, K. Madhu Murthy Abstract: Fatty acid methyl ester, popularly called biodiesel, has become more prominent alternate fuel for diesel engines on the basis of single-fuel concept. Since use of neat biodiesel on a large scale is raising certain constraints, both in terms of long-term availability of feed stock, fertile land and high NOx emissions, biodiesel is being adopted in blended form with petro-diesel fuel as B20 or B40. However, the HC and NOx emissions of these blends are still on the higher side. The present work aims at experimental evaluation of a single-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine by adopting different amounts of ethanol and di-ethyl ether blends in order to further improve performance and emission characteristics of blends. Besides employing these oxygenated additives, simultaneous influence of fuel injection pressure is also investigated to arrive at the optimum blend for the chosen engine configuration. Higher brake-specific fuel consumption values are realized with these additives compared to pure diesel fuel operation of the engine; however, significant reduction in gaseous emissions is obtained. PubDate: 2012-08-20 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Munesh kumar sharma, D. Buddhi Abstract: This paper reviews the development of cold thermal storage technology. In this work, a review has been carried out of the operating strategies, management and thermal load, cold storage types and storage media, current and alternative possible technology for food transport refrigeration and thermoelectric cooling and power generation used in the cold chain. Conservation and transport of temperature-sensitive materials and applications are discussed. This paper lists over 89 references. PubDate: 2012-08-20 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Venkata Aditya Nag Mannepalli Abstract: Environmental Value Engineering Concept (E.V.E.) is a proven disciplined approach for improving measurable efficiency parameters for any organization or a system. In this paper, Overall Equipment Effectiveness (O.E.E.) for oil fired crucible furnace, which is a metric for Total Productive Maintenance initiative, has been calculated. As this performance was below the expectation level and resulting into outsourcing of jobs at higher cost, the E.V.E analysis was taken under consideration for overall performance improvement of the furnace. This paper deals with the application of E.V.E concept has been applied for process improvement considering O.E.E. as a parameter in the furnace system through the usage of Oscillatory Combustion Technology. Few modifications in the furnace set up were also carried out and are experimented the furnace at different scenarios. The outcome of this work was a visibly clean exhaust, optimized combustion efficiency which not only saves the environment but also a lot of expenditure on fuel consumption. Successful implementation of this concept has resulted to achieve the best performance of the furnace in a cost effective manner. PubDate: 2012-08-20 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Munesh kumar sharma, D. Buddhi Abstract: Food transport and storage at low temperatures has always been an important matter worldwide and is becoming even more important due to dietary needs and population growth. The issue of improving food storage applies to food transportation in refrigerated vans and food storage in domestic refrigerators and freezers. In this paper, heat loads are introduced into a freezer and vegetable zone through short door openings (five door openings lasting 1 min each and spaced at 30 min intervals) and single 3 min door opening with and without phase change materials (PCMs) with static conditions (no fan to circulate cold air) and with dynamic condition (with fan to circulate cold air) ambient air through the walls. Also the performance of PCM inside the refrigerator (freezer and vegetable zone) with varying the mass with surface area in both static and dynamic conditions was investigated. The temperature responses of the freezer with and without PCM are examined, with regards to heat loads introduced through door openings and power loss. Energy consumption of the refrigerator with and without PCM is also investigated. PubDate: 2012-08-20 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Lata Gidwani, Dr. H. P. Tiwari Abstract: The feed-in power to the grid in Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) shows always a high fluctuation resulting in power quality problems. These problems clearly show that there is a strong need for controlling various stages of WECS, such as generator control, converter control, and inverter control. This paper presents an overview of various control strategies applied to WECS. Emphasis is placed on introducing the control techniques followed by a description of methodologies adopted. The current research work being undertaken by various groups is also highlighted. PubDate: 2012-04-05 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:PavanKumar Y V, Y Jaganmohan Reddy, K. Padma Raju Abstract: This paper describes modeling and simulation of a utility grid-connected renewable energy based hybrid power system (HPS) in the aspect of improving power quality. In order to meet sustained load demands during varying natural conditions, different renewable energy sources and power conditioning units need to be integrated with each other. The paper focuses on the combination of photo voltaic (PV) cell, wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC), and battery systems for power generation. To improve power quality of the power system, the proposal is to use DC motor-synchronous generator set instead of conventionally used static inverters. A diesel engine is also coupled to synchronous generator as a standby prime mover to improve the reliability of the overall system during varying natural conditions like wind velocity, irradiance, temperature, etc. The proposed control algorithm acts as a bridge between load fluctuations and generating capacity, for managing available resources economically. The results show that the proposed hybrid power system can effectively manage the optimal utilization of primary energy sources and improve the power quality in both islanding mode as well as grid-connected mode. PubDate: 2012-04-05 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:V. L. Narasimha Ravi K, Dr. G. Amba Prasad Rao Abstract: Technological innovations have brought significant developments in internal combustion engine-powered automotive vehicles. With the automotive population explosion, issues of fossil fuel crisis and environmental degradation are enticing the researchers to divert focus on alternate fuels and alternate power sources to keep the automotive industry alive. Owing to global warming and associated pollution hazards, many nations are imposing stringent emission norms. To meet the target zero emission levels, researchers are seriously working to develop viable electric vehicles. In this regard, developed nations have done their might to commercialize different variants of electric vehicles. Computer simulations are being tried out to arrive at optimal designs. Electric vehicles are powered by various power packs available commercially, viz,. Pb-acid, Ni-MH, Ni-Cad, etc., with the choice lying in the application. The present work deals with the comprehensive modeling of battery performance parameters using the software MATLAB. It deals with the evaluation of performance parameters such as acceleration performance and range considering simplified Federal urban driving schedule, European driving cycle and Indian driving cycle. Commercially available electric car JOLT EVION is chosen for validating the modeling results. Modeling studies revealed that there is still larger scope for Pb-acid power packs as others pose either environmental hazards or cost constraints. Few of the myths in the usage of electricity are found to be highly deceptive. It is felt that government incentives for automotive industry may promote commercial use of electric vehicles. PubDate: 2012-04-05 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2012)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Dr. Dharm Buddhi, Dr. Ashok Kumar, Dr. D S Chauhan PubDate: 2011-12-26 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2011)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Anjali Garg, K. S. Sandhu, L. M. Saini PubDate: 2011-12-26 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2011)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Jayanta Pal Abstract: CuxO (0<x<1) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by r. f. sputtering method at different r. f. power in an atmosphere of O2 and Ar. The conditions for deposition of CuxO thin film were optimized by varying the r. f. power for the deposition to vary the energy band gap of the deposited film. Structural characterizations were performed by XRD and TEM studies. The films deposited on glass substrate have an electrical resistivity in the range 0.1 – 0.9 W-cm and a transmission less than 50% in the visible region. Electrical properties were studied in detail and the activation energies were found to depend on r.f. power of deposition. The optical band gap of the CuxO thin films were varies from 1.75 eV to 1.95 eV. PubDate: 2011-05-03 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2011)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Sanjay Annaso Khot, N. K. Sane, B. S. Gawali Abstract: This paper is aimed at understanding the melting behavior of different Phase Change Materials (PCM) encapsulated in a spherical capsule. The melting process of PCM enclosed in spherical capsule has been investigated computationally and experimentally in the range of parameters useful for solar water heating applications. CFD predictions of the melting of two different PCMs viz. savE® HS-58 and Paraffin wax (PW) inside a spherical capsule have been obtained. Experiments are performed by fixing the thermocouples in PCM inside a spherical capsule at various radial positions for HTF temperature of 70oC with a capsule of radius 41 mm. It can be inferred that melting point of HS-58 is in close requirement of solar water heating application with highest latent heat 247 kJ/kg compared to 190 kJ/kg of Paraffin Wax. Further Specific heat of HS-58 is also higher than PW and HS-58 is a mixture of organic and inorganic compound. It is also noticed that for the same weight HS-58 stores 19% of more heat with less volume compared with PW at average HTF temperature of 70oC around the spherical capsule. PubDate: 2011-05-03 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2011)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Jagannath Balasaheb Hirkude, Atul S. Padalkar Abstract: The waste cooking oil (WCO) as alternative fuel for diesel engines is the aim of this investigation. The high viscosity and poor volatility are the major limitations of waste cooking oil for their utilization in diesel engine. The most convenient method to use waste cooking oil as fuel is to convert it into biodiesel through transesterfication. The properties of waste cooking oil methyl ester such as viscosity, specific gravity, calorific value and flash point temperature were determined and compared with mineral diesel. This paper presents the results of investigations carried out on a brand new (Laxmi Industries, India made), single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection, diesel engine operated with biodiesel of waste cooking oil blended with mineral diesel. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature have been discussed. Present study is also carried out to investigate emission characteristics (particulate matter, SOx, NOx, CO2, and CO) of blended biodiesel with mineral diesel in different composition. The performance parameters for different WCO biodiesel blends were found to be very close to diesel and the emission characteristics of engine improved significantly. It is possible to save 21606 by running the engine on B50 mode (Daily 6 hour’s operation for 300 days).The experimental results proved that use of biodiesel (produced from waste cooking oil) is viable option to diesel in diesel engine. PubDate: 2010-12-01 Issue No:Vol. 4 (2010)
Subscription journal
[66 journals]
