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International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.602  Citation Impact (citeScore): 2 Number of Followers: 4  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 2008-9163 - ISSN (Online) 2251-6832 Published by SpringerOpen  [229 journals]
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- High efficient solar cells through multi-layer thickness optimization
using particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing
Abstract: Abstract In a comparative study, a solar cell structure’s layer thicknesses were optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and simulated annealing (SA). The ideal short-circuit current density was considered as the cost function for both algorithms to minimize the number of function evaluations (NFEs) needed to obtain the optimal thicknesses of the structure layers (ZnO and MoOx layers), separately and simultaneously, being single- and multi-layer optimization. The results were compared to those of genetic algorithm (GA) and brute-force methods that have been reported in the literature. In the single-layer optimization, the results obtained by PSO indicated that the maximum required NFEs for optimizing ZnO was 33.1 ± 23.16 compared to 81 for the brute-force method and 78.16 ± 1.65 for the GA. The PSO method needed 19.6 ± 11.7 NFEs for optimizing the MoOx layer, while, as was reported in Ref. Vincent (E 13:1726 2020), GA optimized this layer by 13.05 ± 3.24 in the best manner by the Roulette wheel method. Both single-based and population-based approaches were implemented for the SA. The results obtained by SA indicated that the required NFEs were estimated higher than that of the GA due to the small search space. The required NFEs for two-layer optimization using PSO amount to 111.27 ± 60.1, which is considerably lower than the 1758.77 ± 39.75 of GA. The NFEs are significantly lower than the similar value obtained using the brute-force approach and GA, even with the highest SD value. In the case of two-layer optimization, SA estimated 65.63 ± 21.1 and 575.76 ± 301.64 NFEs using single-based and population-based methods, respectively.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from power generation through
cofiring coal and raw glycerol: a theoretical feasibility study
Abstract: Abstract A theoretical technical feasibility investigation aiming to decrease the rate of greenhouse emissions per unit of generated power from fossil fuel plants is presented. To that end, the FGSIG/GT (fuel glycerol integrated gasifier/gas turbine) concept is applied. High-ash coal and raw glycerol—that last deriving from renewable fuel (biodiesel) production—are mixed to form a slurry, which is pumped into the gasifier. The gas stream emerging from that reactor is cleaned by cyclones and filters to decrease the concentration of suspended solids in the stream as well as its granulometry. Before combustion, the fuel gas temperature is decreased to values below the dew points of alkaline compounds in it, thus significantly reducing their concentrations in the gas stream, therefore allowing its injection into commercial gas turbines. Energy recovering is accomplished by two Rankine cycles. The exergetic efficiency is chosen as an objective function to optimize the gasification process. The results reveal a diverging aspect of the RG/solid-fuel ratio influence on the gasification efficiency when comparing with the obtained in previous works where biomasses were fed to the FGSIG/GT process. Due to that highly pressurized process, the whole power generation is optimized resulting in first law efficiencies around 45%, which is noticeable having in mind the relatively low heating values of the presently considered fuels. Additionally, it is important to stress that the objective of this investigation is not just to decrease the overall CO2 emitted per unit of power output from a station consuming fossil fuel and shift, at least part of that, to one derived from a renewable source.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Assessment of a diaphragm thermoacoustic Stirling engine using the energy
standpoint and genetic algorithm
Abstract: Abstract This paper presents a novel method to estimate the design parameters of a diaphragm thermoacoustic Stirling engine and investigate the stable limit cycle (sufficient condition) of the engine dynamic using the genetic algorithm and system energy changes. In this regard, first, the parametric equations are extracted by employing both the governing equations of the engine and energy standpoint. Next, \({V}_{\mathrm{c}0}\) (initial volume of compression space), \({R}_{q}\) (pneumatic resistance), \({V}_{h0}\) (initial volume of expansion space), and hot gas temperature ( \({T}_{\mathrm{h}}\) ) are taken as the design parameters in this study. Genetic algorithm and parametric equations were then utilized to estimate the chosen design parameters. Next, the sufficient condition of the engine is evaluated based on the estimated design parameters. The simulated outcomes are shown that the sufficient condition is satisfied by the estimated design parameters. Afterward, the simulated results are validated using experimental data gathered from the constructed SUTech-SR-3 engine. Comparing the extracted data eventuates a proper method of estimating design parameters and satisfying the sufficient condition related to the SUTech-SR-3 engine. It is worth noting that in this research, the dynamic of the thermoacoustic Stirling engine has investigated using a mechanical point of view. Also, in this paper, only the dynamic behavior of the engine has been investigated, and the production power and work have not been studied.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Solar drying in a ventilated attic: case study of cassava slices
Abstract: Abstract In constantly sunny regions of the world such as most African countries, due to the availability of sunlight, metal roofs that are constantly exposed to the sun offer opportunities for many solar thermal applications. This study focuses on the numerical and experimental investigation of solar drying in a ventilated attic. The constructed prototype attic has three PVC pipes used as chimneys, and the roof is painted black. It was modeled using the equations of heat and mass transfers occurring during drying. The food commodity subjected to drying was cassava. The resulting system of equations was solved using the classical fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The MATLAB R2014a language is used for the simulations. The drying of 6 kg of cassava in the prototype took 3 days. The obtained experimental results were compared with the theoretical points. The mean relative error (E%) was used as a parameter for model validation. Its values of less than 14% obtained for temperatures and humidities are evidence that the theoretical points accurately represented the behavior of the attic during solar drying. The drying efficiency varied from 25% on the first day to 0.2% on the last day. The calculated payback period is 2 months. This method can be easily implemented and would be helpful to farmers in rural Africa.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Capping carbon emission from green data centers
Abstract: Abstract The world has witnessed a global surge in energy consumption and carbon footprint since the industrial revolution. Data centers are claimed to be the second most significant contributor of the havoc greenhouse gasses. This paper deals with modeling carbon footprint of green data centers. Initially, we use a panel dataset of a green data center that mostly relies on green energy resources for power. Our study reveals that in spite of massive renewable energy usage, the carbon footprint trend of this data center is quite significant. Alongside, due to massive nuclear energy usage in this data center, a hefty amount of nuclear waste is generated causing a global threat to sustainability. This is a novel paper that pinpoints that though green data centers claim they are zero-carbon data centers but the reality is different. We prove that green data centers also emit significant amount of greenhouse gasses and cause danger to sustainability. Alongside, we provide a nuclear footprint estimator that effectively calculates the nuclear emission and carbon footprint from the data center each hour. We also provide a remedy to this entire situation and provide a carbon footprint model in this paper that optimizes the total carbon emission from this green data center.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Investigating the effects of nanorefrigerants in a cascaded vapor
compression refrigeration cycle
Abstract: Abstract It is vital, following the Kyoto Protocol, to find environmentally benign and energy-efficient refrigerants, consequently boosting the coefficient of performance (COP). Refrigeration systems are used extensively in the industrial, home, and commercial sectors for cooling, heating, food preservation, and cryogenic purposes. Researchers have successfully employed the application of nanoparticles in cooling systems to achieve improved enhancement, reliability, and efficiency of refrigeration systems because of their higher heat transfer and thermophysical capabilities. The function of numerous variables, however, makes the experimental technique appear to be costly and time-consuming to carry out. This study was, therefore, designed to numerically simulate the performance assessment of a nanoparticle-enhanced Cascaded Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle (CVCRC). The focus of this paper is on four distinct SiO2 nanoparticle nanorefrigerants and their pure fluids: two HFCs as well as two fourth-generation refrigerants (HFOs), namely; R12, R134a, R1234yf, and R-1234ze (E). The results show that adding nanoparticles to the pure refrigerant improves COP, and the highest values were achieved with the R1234ze(E)/SiO2 mixture. Increasing the mass concentration of the nanoparticles leads to an increase in the refrigeration effect, an increase in COP, and a reduction in compressor work. Although R125 had the lowest compressor work of 47.12 kW when SiO2 nanoparticles are introduced, however, is not suitable for refrigeration because of its high GWP values. R1234ze has the second-lowest compressor work of 59.58 kW with the addition of SiO2, it is consequently more energy efficient and can be used in its place as it has a GWP of 6, among other benefits.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Prediction of biomass corrosiveness over different coatings in fluidized
bed combustion
Abstract: Abstract Energy production in biomass fired boilers is increasing rapidly due to the advantages of CO2 neutrality and renewability, however damaging agents present in biomass composition accelerates power plant components corrosion. This study evaluates the influence of the biomass burned in fluidized bed combustion processes on high-temperature corrosion, by means of thermodynamic equilibrium modelling, considering those reactions occurring between the combustion atmosphere and different protective coatings (isFeAl, isNiAl and isSiCrAl). Fuels composition and operating conditions from a 10 kW BFB boiler were introduced as input data to improve the performance of the model. Representative samples from agricultural waste, industrial wood and forestry wood waste were selected for evaluation. Results showed industrial wood waste as highly damaging for most coatings studied, with high risk of salt stickiness, deposits formation and release of acidic gases. The elevated volatiles percentage together with significant ash content determined might lead to a major ash components release to the gas phase, available to later condense in the metals surfaces. Silication of alkali and deposited alkali chlorides were the dominant corrosion mechanisms observed for most cases. An increase in alloys corrosion resistance was detected through the model when nickel or chromium was present, showing isSiCrAl as the most resistant. However, alloys protection exhibited significant variations depending upon the biomass burned, thus materials selection should consider the compatibility with conditions for its final use. Thermodynamic modelling, based on real conditions and fuels composition, provides a useful tool to identify key factors for protective coatings design when employing new waste fuels.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Maximum power point tracking of a standalone photovoltaic system using
electromagnetic field optimization algorithm
Abstract: Abstract There are non-stop efforts being put into enhancing the performance of the available maximum power point tracking methods and proposing new tracking methods. In this paper, a novel maximum power point tracking method based on a physics-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Electromagnetic Field Optimization algorithm is proposed. The methodology of applying the Electromagnetic Field Optimization method on the maximum power point tracking problem is explained. The proposed method is applied to control the duty cycle of a DC–DC converter in a standalone photovoltaic system. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated against the Cuckoo Search Algorithm method, the Particle Swarm Optimization method, the Perturb and Observe method, and the Incremental Conductance method. A simulation test using MATLAB/Simulink software was conducted for varied sun irradiance levels under fixed temperature and load conditions. An experimental test was also conducted under fixed load and fixed weather conditions. The proposed method achieved tracking efficiencies of 100% and 80.14% in the simulation and experimental tests, accordingly. The superiority of the proposed method over the other applied metaheuristic-based methods is highlighted as the proposed method achieved short tracking times, no steady-state oscillations, and no duty cycle oscillations in both tests. The easiness of tuning the proposed method’s parameters is also an advantage of it.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Investigation of waste cooking oil–diesel blend with copper oxide
Abstract: Abstract The current day energy expenses contribute cripplingly to inflation rates and hamper the day-to-day needs of the common man. Biodiesel which is a hopeful fuel to muscle diesel needs to be researched extensively such that when brought to day-to-day use must not hamper the traditional engines working. So in the current work, a conventional diesel engine that can be modified to various compression ratios is used to testify to the performance and emissions results. Copper oxide nano additives are used as fuel additives. The copper oxide nano-sized particle characteristics and various parameters were determined using appropriate characterization methods. The additives are mixed in waste cooking oil methyl ester blend and later subjected to property check and engine testing. The addition of nano-sized additives does enhance the thermal performance of the engine by incrementing the thermal efficiency and retarding the fuel consumption rates by 6.3 and 4.9%. The emissions discharged from the engine were also retarded by 4.3%, 26.1 for CO and HC emissions.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Evaluation of adsorption properties of organic wastes in aqueous media for
arsenic removal
Abstract: Abstract Arsenic is toxic and one of the most prominent environmental challenges especially in water quality. The World Health Organization recommends 10 µg/L as the acceptable level limit in drinking water. The use of materials that are easily reproducible, economical and are envisaged as ‘waste’ is paramount in water treatment technologies sustainability. In this study, organic wastes: rice husks (RH) and orange peels powder (OPP) were used as adsorbents in arsenate contaminated drinking water treatment to ascertain purification properties. The adsorbents were processed into two different particle sizes: 841 µm and 42.5 µm powders via sieve analysis. These adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for morphological and functional group studies, respectively. The batch adsorption studies show that arsenic removal efficiency of the adsorbents with smaller particle size (425 µm) was greater than with larger particle size (841 µm) being 96.38% and 82.2%, respectively, for the same mass of rice husk (RH). The adsorption mechanisms for the rice husk (RH) can be described as chemisorption process since it best fits the pseudo-second-order model. The isotherm modeling of the adsorption data was found to be described using the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption data for orange peels powder (OPP) were, however, best described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics models. The organic wastes, RH and OPP were found to be efficient in the removal of Arsenic(V) from contaminated waters.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Negative impact of constant RPM control strategy on ship NOx emission in
waves
Abstract: Abstract In severe wave conditions, the ship propulsion system is loaded with high fluctuations due to external disturbances. The highly fluctuating loads enforce radical changes in the main engine torque, which in turn demands variation of the fuel rate injected into the cylinders if a constant rotational speed strategy is applied. Therefore, the temperature of gases varies to a large extent during the combustion process in the cylinders. The emitted NOx is a function of this highly fluctuating temperature. The main goal of this study is to investigate NOx emission under the aforementioned conditions when a usual constant RPM control strategy is applied in waves similar to the calm water condition. The paper presents a mathematical model of the whole system, which is applied to a selected ship both in regular waves and in calm water conditions. The results show that the sea waves, in comparison with the calm water condition, can radically increase the emitted NOx under the constant rotational speed strategy. This change can reach even 1014 times more, averagely. The results also show that the higher the wave height the higher the emitted NOx. It is concluded that the control strategy of keeping the engine rotational speed in waves at a constant level is the most important reason for the significantly increased NOx emission in waves in comparison with the calm water condition.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Effect of various nanoparticle biodiesel blends on thermal efficiency and
exhaust pollutants
Abstract: Abstract The transport sector produces one-third of the world’s greenhouse gasses. World consumption of nonrenewable energy through vehicles increases the interest in studies of different nanoparticle biodiesel blend behavior in a diesel engine. In this research, a comprehensive approach is taken using a wide variety of appraised nanoparticles to make blends. The CI diesel engine's engine performance and emission characteristics are studied with Malaysian commercial fuel using various nanoparticles (TiO2, Al2O3, CuO, CeO2, CNT, and GNP) blend to discover the best one. 100 ppm of each nanoparticle is used to make a blend via the ultrasonic technique. Mechanical and emission performance is tested in diesel engines (Yanmar TF 120 M) with 100% engine load at variable engine speed (2100-900 rpm). Graphical presentation and comparison of each fuel blend are discussed in this paper. All the ternary blends have shown improved engine performance. Al2O3 has shown a 3.68% reduction in BSFC when compared to neat B10. The average highest BTE recorded is a 14.59% increase when the B10 + TiO2 blend is used, followed by CNT and CeO2. Al2O3 has shown a 21.84% and 86.20% reduction in CO and HC when compared to B10, while CNT and GNP have shown a 6.03% and 2.06% of reduction in NOx emission when compared with B10.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Technical and economic feasibility assessment of low and high salinity
water flooding: a simulation-based approach
Abstract: Abstract Waterflooding is renowned improved oil recovery method worldwide to recover medium to light crude oil. LSWF is an emergent IOR method which reduces the quantity of residual oil saturation by implementing waterfloods of low salt concentration. LSWF can increment the oil recovery up to 10–20% compared to simple waterflooding. A synthetic 3D simulation model is generated in this study using commercial black oil simulator (Eclipse 100). Two base cases of low and high salinity water flooding are simulated, and impact of low salinity water flooding on FOE, FOPR, FOPT, FPR, FSPR, FSPT is analyzed. Sensitivity analyses of injection water salinity, relative permeability curves, grid refinement, Low salinity slug size and end point saturation effects are also conducted (LASLTFNC). LSWF enhances the oil recovery efficiency by 17% compared to HSWF. Sensitivity of wettability (relative permeability curves) exhibits maximum recovery of 75.96% in presence of strongly water wet system. Similarly, sensitivity of grid refinement exhibits variation in ultimate recovery of 5.24% between LSWF base case and refined grid case. Sensitivity of injection water salinity from 1000 to 35,000 PPM (sea water) results in ultimate recovery between 60.88 and 75.96%, respectively. The continuous injection of LS water is not economical for whole production life therefore the injection of slug can help in the withdrawal of almost similar volume of oil with better cost. Economic analysis of five different LSWF cases and one HSWF case is carried out to evaluate the most economically viable injection scenario. From case-1 to case-6, injection of low salinity water for 450 days followed by high saline water turns out to be the most optimum case with NPV of 20.422 million dollars.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Effect of different concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen on the
growth of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
Abstract: Abstract The growth curve is an important characteristic to estimate microalgae biomass production for biofuel generation, since they can measure the variation between concentrations of limiting factors of culture medium. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the development of Chlorella vulgaris with triplicate cultivation of three different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus (Treatment 1: 0.50 g L−1 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and 0.13 g L−1 KH2PO4, Treatment 2: 0.50 g L−1 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and 0.39 g L−1 KH2PO4, Treatment 3: 1.50 g L−1 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and 0.13 g L−1 KH2PO4,). Growth curve using Gompertz model presented high R2 (0.96 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99) in the three studied treatments. In the thirteenth day, turbidity in the treatment with higher nitrogen concentration (203.67 NTU) was 2.15 times higher than the first treatment (94.56 NTU) and 1.78 times higher than the treatment with higher level of phosphorus (113.9 NTU). We therefore observed a major biomass production, chlorophylls and carotenoids in the treatment with higher concentration of nitrogen, while in high levels of phosphorus the growth is not statistically significant from the first treatment with lower nitrogen and phosphorus concentration (p value > 0.05). In the end of cultivation, there was an increase of 203.12% in chlorophyll-a in the third treatment compared to the first treatment and of 246.42% in comparison with the second treatment. For carotenoids, the highest increase was seen compared to the first treatment (192%) than for the second treatment (137.5%). Therefore the treatment with lower phosphorous concentration in the cultivation medium presented slightly higher chlorophyll concentration and smaller carotenoids with the treatment with higher phosphorus concentration. The ash content demonstrated that this microalgae have a great potential for energy use.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Spatial modelling and policy evaluation of the offshore wind potential for
a small oceanic island: the case of Mauritius
Abstract: The identification of offshore wind farms necessitates the consideration of multiple factors, including technical, social, economic, and ecological ones, amongst others. In the current study, a multi-criterial model is applied by incorporating wind speed, water depth, grid proximity, tourism activities, and marine spatial constraint factors to determine optimum sites for offshore wind farm placements in the Republic of Mauritius. The North-Eastern region, off the coast of Grand Gaube, has been found to be promising, with an annual electricity potential of 1650 GWh, owing to favourable wind regime of about 7.95 m/s at 100 m height. Moreover, the site location, at an average water depth of 38 m, favours the adoption of conventional jacket foundation. A levelized cost analysis reveals that the electricity generated from the offshore farm would be priced at $163/MWh, which makes it cost-competitive as compared to heavy fuel oil at $218/MWh. A scenario looking at the installation of a 608 MW offshore wind plant, which represents the theoretical maximum that may be attained in the optimum region identified, revealed that exploitation of this site has the potential to decrease up to 1.5 times the share of imported fuel oil and diesel for electricity needs. Besides providing guidelines for the implementation of offshore wind technology in Mauritius, the paper reflects on important gaps for adoption, including factors that seek to ease policy uptake. Graphical abstract
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Influence of solar and solid oxide fuel cell in AGC learning by utilizing
spotted hyena optimized cascade controller
Abstract: Abstract The present work explores automatic generation control learning for manifold area and sources under traditional situations. Sources in area-1 are thermal, biodiesel; thermal and gas plant in area-2; and thermal, split-shaft gas turbine (Ss(GT)) in area-3. An original strive has been set out to execute cascade controller with the amalgamation of proportional with tilt–integral–derivative with filter (TIDN) and fractional-order integral–derivative (FOID). TIDN and FOID are in series connection, hence named TIDN-FOID. Various scrutiny expresses excellency of TIDN-FOID controller over proportional–integral–derivative filter (PIDN) and TIDN from outlook regarding the lessened level of peak overshoot, extent of oscillations, peak undershoot as well as settling time. In an endeavour to procure the controller’s gains and parameters, bioinspired meta-heuristic spotted hyena optimizer (SHO) is applied. It is also observed that the presence of a renewable solar source makes the system significantly better compared to the base thermal–biodiesel–gas–Ss(GT) system. TIDN-FOID performance is also observed to be excellent in the presence of solar for both 1% step load disturbance and random load pattern individually. Fixed as well as variable insolation for solar is analysed separately. The performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SoFC) is also examined using the TIDN-FOID controller, which provides with noteworthy outcome in dynamic performance for both types of disturbances. Also, sensitivity analysis is performed, and it is observed that the values of the TIDN-FOID parameters at nominal conditions are appropriate for a higher value of disturbance.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Scope for feed-in tariff in a hydro-rich energy market−a case of
Bhutan
Abstract: Abstract To promote the use of renewable energy (RE), several types of RE policies have been implemented globally. Among these, feed-in tariff (FiT) is one of the most accepted mechanisms of pricing policy. However, choosing the best policy for a market with a high RE penetration is a challenge. A case of Bhutan is considered in this paper as the source of electrical energy is predominantly hydropower. Additionally, a generous subsidy is provided by the government to keep the electricity tariff to a minimum. Recently, there has been an increase in the advocacy and motivation for other forms of RE sources (RES) to supplement hydropower and increase energy security in Bhutan. Bhutan aims to achieve a total of 20 MW of non-hydro RES by 2025 as per the RE policy of Bhutan. However, Bhutan still does not have an RE pricing policy, and therefore, there is a need to institute a suitable pricing mechanism to accommodate the penetration of the planned non-hydro RES. This paper discusses the challenges in introducing FiT for non-hydro RES in an electricity market dominated by hydropower in Bhutan. Subsequently, recommendations are made in the wake of subsidised electricity tariff, which is the lowest in the region at 0.0171 USD/kWh for low voltage customers. FiTs for solar photovoltaic based on different categories of customers have been computed and proposed.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Solar photovoltaic array fed single-stage sensorless vector control of
induction motor drive for water pumping applications
Abstract: Abstract This paper proposes a novel photovoltaic (PV) array-fed induction motor (IM) drive in irrigation applications. The energy conversion includes a single-stage conversion procedure. The output voltage obtained from the PV array is given to the conventional voltage source inverter (VSI), which uses a sensorless vector control approach to drive the IM. A novel approach in vector control with the reduced number of sensors is attempted to improve the performance and handle proper energy conversion. The novel vector control approach incorporates modified maximum power extraction (MPE) algorithms. The system assimilates the single-stage VSI to operate effectively, making the IM-pump drive work superior to other methods. The paper compares the proposed single-stage conversion process exposed to different MPE algorithms, such as P&O and PSO, with the proposed MPSO algorithm. The validation of the proposed system is accomplished through both simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimental results. The simulation results compare all three MPE algorithms and conclude that MPSO employed for novel vector control extracts maximum power with an accuracy not less than 99.5% subjected to different partial shading conditions. The experimental results validate the proposed MPE algorithm for the induction motor pump drive and obtain maximum power attainment with an accuracy of 98.2% without partial shading effect and 90.84% and 88.89% for partial shading conditions. The overall efficiency of the proposed system varies from 81.2 to 73.4% for different insolation conditions.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Using active/passive methods to control of MHD conjugate heat transfer of
power-law fluids: a numerical entropy analysis by LBM
Abstract: Abstract Trying to understand to what extent active methods (the angle of placement chamber + the change of temperature of the barrier included inside the chamber) and passive methods (the application of MF + HAP) can be used in controlling and managing EP regarding to HT of non-Newtonian FF has been one of the goals of this numerical study. Since in this study, in addition to convection process, heat conduction in the solid is also considered, in addition to Ha, PL index, Ra, HAPC, TMF, the barrier temperature and the chamber inclination angle, TCR is presumed as the controller variable. The utmost momentous obtained outcomes are as follows: (A) On average, a decrease of up to 38% in the flow power and a decrease of up to 45% in HT amount are the result of an augmentation of in the value of Ha and PL index. (B) The impact of exerting MF becomes more noticeable with diminish in PL index. Augmentation of Ha to the highest value causes decline in the mean Nu by about 52% and 18% for n = 0.75 and n = 1.25, respectively. (C) To achieve a flow with higher power and higher the mean Nu, MF can be used non-uniformly, especially TMF1. The more noticeable influence of changing TMF is the result of augmentation of the amount of Ha. The influence of the change in TMF to the shear thickening fluid is lowest. (D) As TCR increases, the maximum mean Nu is acquired, in which case the impact of increasing Ha and the HAPC becomes more pronounced. (E) The minimum amount of HT, current power and MF influence is obtained when the chamber is at an angle of + 90°, in which case the mean Nu is up to about 75% less than the zero angle. (F) Although enhancement of HAPC reduces the mean Nu, it nevertheless increases the flow power and influence of MF on EP. In the case of heat production, the increment of in EP is the result of the enhancement of in Ha, unlike in other cases. (G) EP and current vigor increase by placing the barrier at hot temperature while the mean Nu diminishes. The contribution of MF in EP increases with enhancement of block temperature. (H) Be value increases with increment of HAPC, augmentation of Ha and decrement of TCR, and maximum Be value is obtained at an angle of + 90°.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Green and renewable resources: an assessment of sustainable energy
solution for Far North Queensland, Australia
Abstract: Abstract Remote communities, which do not have a connection to the national grid in Far North Queensland (FNQ), depend on dirty and costly diesel generators to meet their energy demands. The cost of power generation is considerable in those areas, because the diesel fuel must be carried by truck or ship and a fuel reserve must be held on-site in case of expected demand or weather closure. Moreover, Australia has an energy security issue in relation to liquid fuels. Australia is reliant on imported fuel such as diesel to fill the shortage, as domestic production and supply are unable to fulfil domestic demand. As a result, by deploying hybrid integrated renewable energy systems in remote areas, isolated communities may lower their power prices, enjoy a more secure and dependable source of electricity and minimise their carbon footprint by eliminating or reducing the usage of diesel. In this study, an extensive literature review has been conducted focussing on renewable resources for Australia and Far North Queensland, different hybrid energy systems including energy storage, and finally highlights the alternative clean and renewable energy options for Far North Queensland (FNQ) remote communities. In addition, this study has performed an assessment of renewable energy available from solar and wind resources considering climatic, geographical and economic aspects for FNQ. The literature review and the assessment show that solar and wind resources including hydrogen storage have significant potential for energy solution of FNQ. The assessment results indicate that selected regions of FNQ have suitable land area of 142,294.86 km2 (55.94% of total selected areas) for solar and 144,563.80 km2 (56.83% of total selected areas) for wind. The total calculated potential power can be 14,448 GW from solar PV and 1040.97 GW from wind energy. This study provides a significant pathway for parties interested in investing in renewable energy in FNQ. Moreover, knowing a land’s suitability will increase confidence and hence speed up the renewable energy investment.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
