Authors:Hamza Ahmed, Pelumi Adebayo, Mousab Ahmed, Arbab I Arbab Abstract: Hydrogen fuel cell technology has the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy. The advantages of fuel cells over traditional power sources, such as reduced emissions and improved air quality, make them an attractive option for a range of applications. However, the limitations and challenges associated with fuel cells, including the cost of producing and storing hydrogen, infrastructure development, and safety concerns, must be addressed to realize the full potential of this technology. Continued research and development efforts, as well as government support and investment, are crucial in overcoming these challenges and unlocking the full potential of hydrogen fuel cell technology. As we move towards a more sustainable future, hydrogen fuel cells have the potential to play a crucial role in meeting our energy needs while reducing our impact on the environment. Keywords: Hydrogen, fuel cell, technology, electrode, Membrane, electrolyte DOI : 10.7176/JETP/13-1-06 Publication date: January 31st 2023 Issue No:Vol. 13
Authors:Hamza Ahmed, Pelumi Adebayo, Mousab Ahmed, Arbab I Arbab Abstract: Hydrogen fuel cells are a promising technology for generating electricity with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, the environmental impact of fuel cell production, hydrogen production, and end-of-life disposal must be considered to ensure the sustainability of the technology. This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of hydrogen fuel cells, which evaluates the environmental impact of the technology across its entire life cycle. The paper discusses the results of the LCA, which highlight the importance of the production of hydrogen and fuel cell components in determining the overall environmental impact of the technology. The paper also compares the environmental impact of hydrogen fuel cells with other energy technologies, such as fossil fuels and renewable energy sources. Finally, the paper identifies potential solutions to reduce the environmental impact of hydrogen fuel cells and enhance their sustainability, such as increased recycling of fuel cell components and the use of renewable energy sources for hydrogen production. Overall, the paper underscores the importance of conducting LCAs to understand the full environmental impact of emerging technologies like hydrogen fuel cells. Keywords: Hydrogen fuel cells, Life cycle assessment, Energy technology, Environmental impact, Hydrogen production, Renewable energy, Fuel cell production DOI : 10.7176/JETP/13-1-07 Publication date: January 31st 2023 Issue No:Vol. 13
Authors:Gbolahan S. Osho Abstract: Most of the crude oil production forecasting and modeling studies have focused on the traditional model of decline curve analysis as techniques used for generating forecast values of future oil and gas in place in conventional and unconventional wells. To many production reservoir economists, the importance of forecast estimations is critical because it allows forecast users to have a profound interest in monitoring and improving forecast performance. It also provides clear indications for the directions, strategies, and bottom line of both the National Oil Companies (NOCs) and International Oil Corporations (IOCs). While the traditional DCS model techniques have well-grounded mathematical underlining. This statistical design does necessarily assure that predicated function regardless of the values of the predictive variables. Moreover, the power traditional oil reservoir production forecasting technique is inefficient. This current research attempts to provide appropriate modeling and forecasting techniques for reservoirs utilizing a time series approach. It reveals how the historical oil production data can be used to project future oil reservoir production and how these projections influence future oil reservoir production decisions. Hence, the main objective of this research study is to practically explore the possibility of the autoregressive integrated-moving average model as a feasible function preference for predicting crude oil production. The historical oil reservoir production time series were used to establish respective autoregressive integrated moving average models through the time series technique by Box–Jenkins and the suitable models were designated with four performance criteria: maximum likelihood, standard error, Schwarz Bayesian criterion, and Akaike criterion for seven elected regions oil reservoir production and the established models conformed to the ARIMA (p, d, q). Once the process is identified, the adequacy of the forecasts will be determined and compared with the traditional decline curve analysis. Thus, as an accurate and effective oil production prediction for stretching a reservoir life cycle and enhancing reservoir productivity and recovery factors. These results provide production economists and reservoir engineers with quick, reliable, consistent, and real-time guidelines in budgeting, planning, and making decisions regarding field development. Finally, ARIMA forecasting models are more precise and deliver operational efficiency for dynamic forecasting of oil reservoir production. Keywords: Oil and gas production forecasting, decline curve analysis, time series, ARIMA modeling, DOI : 10.7176/JETP/13-1-05 Publication date: February 28th 2023 Issue No:Vol. 13
Authors:Boubacar Drame, Lucien Niare, Fu Yuegang, Chonge Wang Abstract: Copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) solar cells are increasingly attracting researchers due to their low cost, non-radioactive behavior, and environmental friendliness. A SCAPS simulation study of these solar cells with zinc oxide (ZnO)/cadmium sulfide (CdS) core-shell nanowires and different thicknesses of absorber, buffer, and window is described in this study. The study resulted in an optimized model with a CZTS absorber, a CdS buffer, and a ZnO window with respective thicknesses of 830 nm, 90 nm, and 140 nm, efficiency (EFF) of 16.62%, a factor of fill (FF) of 81.75%, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.61 V and short circuit current density (Jsc) of 6.3 cmA/cm2. These results are very close to those reported in the literature. Keywords: CZTS; Efficiency; shell thickness; ZnO/CdS core-shell nanowires; SCAPS. DOI : 10.7176/JETP/13-1-01 Publication date: January 31st 2023 Issue No:Vol. 13
Authors:Xingrong Zhu Abstract: The operating backpressure of the direct air-cooled unit is a significant economic parameter, and the optimal backpressure is corresponding to the best efficiency of the unit, which is mainly affected by ambient temperature, steam turbine exhaust flow, and face velocity in the operation of the cold-end system. A calculation model of the condenser of a 600MW direct air-cooled unit using the ε-NTU method was established to analyze the off-design performance. Compared with the characteristic curve provided by the manufacturer, the maximum error of the calculation results is 1.68%, meeting the engineering accuracy requirements. In order to obtain the optimal backpressure and optimal face velocity under off-design conditions, a cold-end optimization calculation model based on genetic algorithm is established with the maximum net power output as the objective function. The influence of the exhaust steam flow, ambient temperature and face velocity on the pressure of condenser is analyzed. In addition, the changing rules of the net power output with face velocity and backpressure under different conditions are studied. The results indicated that the working pressure of the condenser increases with the increment in ambient temperature and exhaust steam flow, and decreases with the rise of face velocity. The net power output of unit increases first and then decreases with the increment in backpressure and face velocity. Moreover, the higher the ambient temperature, the larger optimal face velocity and optimal backpressure of the unit, as well as the more cooling air volume is required under the optimal air face velocity. Keywords: Direct air-cooled unit, Off-design condition, Characteristic analysis, Optimal backpressure, Genetic algorithm DOI : 10.7176/JETP/13-1-02 Publication date: January 31st 2023 Issue No:Vol. 13
Authors:Isabella Mwangi, John Gathiaka, Peter Kimuyu Abstract: The current structure of the Kenyan electricity sector has resulted from many changes brought about by both donor and government driven reforms. The sector which was once run as a government owned monopoly is now a more market-oriented entity. The reforms have resulted in splitting of generation, transmission and distribution into independent entities, establishment of an independent regulatory authority, private sector participation in generation and institution of other complementary entities. One of the drivers of these reforms was the need to improve the economic performance of the sector to make it capable of supporting the economy. This study uses Data Envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier methods to analyse the effect of the reforms on the efficiency of Kenya’s power sector in relation to other countries in similar stage of development. The findings reveal that Kenya’s Power sector has been experiencing positive changes in technical efficiency over the period after the reforms. The countries which have undertaken reforms, to a larger extent, appear to be more efficient. However, they experience huge system losses which need to be reduced to better the sector’s efficiency Keywords: Reforms, Technical efficiency, Data envelopment analysis, Stochastic frontier analysis DOI : 10.7176/JETP/13-1-03 Publication date: January 31st 2023 Issue No:Vol. 13
Authors:Athir Tahseen Hussein Abstract: Solar cooling systems have the benefit of the correlation between hours of cooling demand and the availability of solar radiation which can help to minimize electricity usage in buildings. Cooling and/or heating are the major requirements in houses, depending on local climatic conditions and construction style. As well as the impacts of global warming and climate change, air conditioning and refrigeration demands have risen. The development of cooling by using green energies, such as solar panels, is also a crucial solution for electricity and environmental problems. In this research, a solar air conditioning system using pv- vapor compression chiller is proposed. The objectives of this research is to design a system structure to reduce the energy consumption and electricity bill, investigate the performance of the proposed structure through simulation software, implement a hardware prototype based on the proposed design, and to evaluate the simulation and implementation data to validate the experimental results. Finally the data will be validating by the results from other works and simulation as well. DOI : 10.7176/JETP/13-1-04 Publication date: January 31st 2023 Issue No:Vol. 13
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