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Authors:Xinyue Jia, Yixin Xing, Yuanjie Fan, Wei Gu, Shousi Lu Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. Phycocyanin (PC) holds significant potential for application in food production and biomedicine. Nevertheless, the stability and antioxidant activity of PC are influenced by pH. Improving the stability of PC under various pH conditions is thus highly demanded. Herein, N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) and chitosan were used to prepare poly(NIPAM-co-chitosan) (PNC) nanohydrogels for encapsulation PC, aiming to mitigate the adverse effect of pH on the stability and antioxidant activity of PC. The stability and antioxidative activity of PC encapsulated in PNC nanogels were evaluated at different pH values by determining the pigment retention rate (PRR) and free radical scavenging ability, respectively. The results demonstrated that the PNC encapsulation improved the stability and antioxidant activity of PC. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-08-23T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724500218
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Authors:Kangjun Geng, Zhengdong Feng, Tingyu Zhang, Shan Huang, Honcheng Zhu, Bangzhi Shen, Boning Dong, Yan Yan, Sai Jiang, Jianhua Qiu, Huafei Guo Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. Antimony Selenide (Sb2Se3) exhibits potential as a solar energy material owing to its optimal bandgap, lack of toxicity, and abundance of earth abundant elements. Currently, cadmium sulfide (CdS) serves as the predominant buffer layer for Sb2Se3 solar cells. However, the use of CdS hinders environmentally friendly advancement due to the toxic properties of the element cadmium. Hence, the quest for non-toxic buffer layers poses a significant challenge to the further advancement of Sb2Se3 solar cells. In prior research, tin oxide (SnO2) has been explored as a buffer layer. Nonetheless, the efficiency of SnO2/Sb2Se3 solar cells was hampered by the rough surface of SnO2 films and the poor crystallinity of Sb2Se3 films. In this investigation, we enhanced device efficiency by improving the uniformity of the SnO2 surface and enhancing the crystallinity of Sb2Se3 through spin-coating sulfur (S) onto the SnO2 film. Detailed examinations were conducted on the structure, optical, and electrical properties of the respective SnO2 and Sb2Se3 thin films. Ultimately, an efficiency of 3.38% was achieved using the spin-coated S:SnO2 film, marking an 85% enhancement compared to the baseline device. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-08-07T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510512
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Authors:Wen Wang, Jixin Yao, Jingyu Shen, Fei Song, Xiuying Wang, Shasha Li, Haili Zhang, Lei Wang, Bingling He, Song Ye, Guang Li Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. Metallic carbides are widely used as active electrodes in supercapacitors due to their excellent energy storage activity. In this study, a nano-restricted area strategy was employed to prepare a unique structured MoC@C flower sphere composite RGO active material (MoC@C/RGO). Due to the restricted area effect of RGO, MoC@C is restricted to specific areas, with advantages such as uniform dispersion, prominent active sites, high conductivity, and uniform distribution of current collectors. MoC@C/RGO, as the active electrode material of supercapacitors, was subjected to galvanostatic charge–discharge testing (GCD) tests and showed a specific capacitance value of 420 F/g. In addition, MoC@C/RGO showed a capacitance retention rate of 97.6% in 5000 cycles of GCD, indicating that the material has good electrochemical stability. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-08-03T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510524
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Authors:Chao Zou, Yun Huang, Xingquan Wei, Amin Song, Wenhao Ren, Saisai Li, Junyuan Gan, Xing Li, Mingshan Wang, Yuanhua Lin Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on polymer matrix of lignocellulose and gelatinized potato starch is prepared, and elemental sulfur is introduced as an additive for the first time. The polymer matrix has shown excellent performances including liquid electrolyte uptake, tensile strength and thermal stability. The ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability window of the corresponding GPE are improved with the introduction of the elemental sulfur. Furthermore, the addition of elemental sulfur can be reduced into short-chain Li2S and Li2S2 on the surface of lithium anode to further elevate the capacity of battery. Meanwhile, the short-chain Li2S and Li2S2 in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the surface of lithium metal can improve SEI’s mechanical properties and the interface compatibility between GPE and lithium metal. The multi-component synergistic effect of GPE provides the battery with superior cycle stability and excellent electrochemical performances. Bio-based GPE will exhibit a promising and alternative way for the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-31T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510445
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Authors:Xueyi Pan, Tuo Song, Xinyu Yanga, Wei Xia Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. A novel Sr2Al2SiO7:Eu[math], Dy[math] long-persistent luminescence (LPL) glass–ceramic has been successfully synthesized by the recrystallization-melting method in the SrO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-Li2O glass system. The glass–ceramic form enhances the plasticity of the material compared to traditional Sr2Al2SiO7:Eu[math], Dy[math] phosphorescence powders. Additionally, the Dy[math] ions serve a dual role as fluorescence emission centers and sensitizers for afterglow. By controlling the concentration of Dy[math], the characteristic fluorescence intensity can be adjusted to achieve color-tunable photoluminescence. Besides, Dy[math] ions, as trap centers, capture the electrons, resulting in a longer afterglow than the Eu[math] singly doped sample. After exposure to ultraviolet light, the initial brightness intensity of the Dy:Eu = 16:1 sample increases to 1525 mcd/m2, and the emission lasts for 30 min. These optimized bulk materials, with unique luminous properties, have potential applications in future optoelectronic devices. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-30T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724500206
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Authors:Xiaoying Wang, Jiaqiang Liu, Yuanxia Zuo, Ying Fan, Zhiheng Zhang, Chengyan Zhang, Fan Zhang, Mingyan Wang, Ruibo Xu Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. In this paper, Cu(OH)2 nanosheet arrays were directly grown in an upright manner on the surface of copper foam (CF) through a simple solvent reaction, followed by the successful reduction of Cu(OH)2 into Cu2O using hydrazine hydrate vapor, resulting in a binder-free Cu2O@CF array electrode. The in situ growth technique guarantees robust bonding between Cu2O and the conductive substrate, thereby enhancing electron transfer among various electrode components. Additionally, the vertically aligned array structures facilitate rapid penetration and transfer of the analyte, while also allowing for thorough exposure of the electroactive surfaces to the electrolyte. When utilized as an adhesive-free biosensor, the obtained Cu2O@CF array electrode exhibited sensitive catalytic oxidation activity toward acetaminophen (AP), providing a wide linear range of 2–200 [math]M and a low detection limit of 0.6 [math]M for AP detection. Furthermore, the developed Cu2O@CF array electrode was successfully utilized to detect AP in medicine samples. With its simple fabrication method, broad linear range, low detection limit, and excellent stability, this electrode holds significant promise for the detection of AP in pharmaceuticals. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-30T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510457
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Authors:Yuru Liu, Hao Li, Wenjie Xie Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. To reduce energy crises and environmental pollution, it is imperative to logically create affordable, stable, efficient, and environmentally friendly bifunctional electrocatalysts based on non-precious metals for total water splitting. In this study, we designed and synthesized sea urchin-like structured CoFe/CuCo2O4 bifunctional electrocatalysts on nickel foam. Benefiting from the high conductivity of nickel foam and the positive synergistic effect between different component materials, this catalyst exhibited high activity in both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Specifically, the CoFe/CuCo2O4/NF-5 material required only 257 mV of OER overpotential and 178 mV of HER overpotential at a current density of 50 mA cm[math]. It is worth noting that the alkaline electrolyzer prepared using CoFe/CuCo2O4/NF-5 material achieves a low cell voltage of 1.544 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm[math] in overall water splitting and can operate stably for a prolonged period. This work also provides a feasible strategy for green and low-cost electrocatalyst synthesis. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-30T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510469
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Authors:Shenwei Zhang, Dongrui Chen, Wenmin Guo, Xiaoming Wang, Zhibin Ding, Xiaofu Tang, Junxia Zhang, Haijiang Wu, Diping Zeng, Hongqing Wei, Wenjun Wang, Yi Ma, Jinhua Zhou, Zaijun Su Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. This paper employs electrochemical methods (linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) to investigate the electrochemical behavior of platinum, glassy carbon, 304 stainless steel, titanium, and copper in 21 and 1 M LiTFSI electrolytes. The LSV results indicate that the electrochemical stability window of the materials varies with the electrolyte concentration, and the stability window is wider in the high-concentration system. Through Tafel polarization curves and EIS analysis, the overpotential of the charge exchange process differs due to the type of material and the concentration of the electrolyte, mainly attributed to the influence of the proportion of free water, electrolyte viscosity, and SEI film formation on electrode process kinetics. After comparative analysis, glassy carbon exhibits a higher overpotential than other materials at both the cathode and anode, effectively suppressing water decomposition. These findings provide theoretical support for the development of high-performance aqueous lithium-ion battery current collector materials. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-30T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510470
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Authors:Jia Yang Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. To test the target detection accuracy of infrared detectors in practical applications, this study proposes a near space detection (NSD) technology that integrates van der Waals heterojunction photodetectors with long-range infrared target detection algorithms (ITDAs). A van der Waals heterojunction infrared photodetector (MoS2/CdTe) is prepared by combining molybdenum disulfide thin film and cadmium telluride substrate, and depositing gold electrodes on both substrates. A fusion algorithm of spatiotemporal target detection network and local contrast method is proposed for long-distance detection of weak infrared targets, and a near-space infrared detection system is designed. The data showed that the MoS2/CdTe heterojunction photodetector had a detection range of 200–1700 nm and a response of 36.7 mA/W, demonstrating excellent optoelectronic performance. The false alarm rates of the long-distance ITDA were 0.006% and 0.009%, respectively, which are significantly better than the target detection algorithm based on local contrast. In the testing of the near-space infrared detection system, the errors in the shortwave and longwave field of view tests were 2.5% and 5.2%, respectively, and the resolution test errors were 3.6% and 3.7%. The infrared detection system meets the performance standards, has high detection ability and stability, and provides a more effective solution for NSD. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-30T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510482
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Authors:Shuaili Li, Renwu Zhu, Fengjun Zhang, Jun Mei, Daosheng Sun, Yaru Li, Xianbiao Wang Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. Surface engineering, especially surface hydrophilicity and active binding sites are crucial for porous polymers in the removal of fluoride ions from water. Herein, a novel P(DVB-AMPS) copolymer with tailored surface engineering was designed through a one-step polymerization method by incorporating diethylene-benzene (DVB) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS). AMPS endows abundant active binding sites and provides P(DVB-AMPS) with both hydrophilicity and affinity for fluoride ions, while the monomer DVB acting as a crosslinker, facilitating pore generating. The surface hydrophilicity of P(DVB-AMPS) could be easily tuned by increasing the amounts of AMPS with the contact angle decreased from 126° (PDVB) to 52°. Furthermore, P(DVB-AMPS) material maintains a large specific surface area of 428 m2 · g[math] and preserves its highly porous structure. P(DVB-AMPS) exhibits an efficient adsorption capacity (51.9 mg · g[math]) and a rapid adsorption rate (6.83 mg · g[math] · min[math]), which demonstrates competitive performance compared with previous reports. Importantly, the material possesses highly selective adsorption toward fluoride. The excellent adsorption performance of P(DVB-AMPS) is attributed to the high porosity, improved surface hydrophilicity and active binding sites. This work not only provides a new strategy for designing high-performance adsorbents but also offers a novel polymer material for the efficient capture of fluoride ions from water. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-30T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510494
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Authors:Chao Li, Sike Zhang, Qinghua Deng, Chunfeng Mao Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. Lithium–carbon dioxide (Li–CO2) batteries are novel high energy density energy storage devices that can simultaneously enrich and convert CO2, but their widespread implementation is hindered by the continuous accumulation of lithium carbonate at the cathode. Herein, we developed non-precious metal cobalt-based nitride matrix composite Co[math]N@C based on metal-organic frameworks precursor for the catalytic cathode of advanced Li–CO2 batteries. The highly stable Co[math]N achieves favorable adsorption and catalysis of CO2 molecules by virtue of the excellent electronic structure on the surface, while the nanoscale high dispersion also effectively promotes interfacial electron transfer. As expected, the assembled Li–CO2 battery exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in the discharge capacity of 10,000 mAh g[math] and a cycling capability of about 400 h. Further density functional theory (DFT) calculations explored the relationship between electronic structure and electrochemical activity. This work promotes the development of catalytic materials for Li–CO2 batteries cathode. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-30T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510500
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Authors:Xiaohai Deng, Qinneng Xia, Qi Wu, Chuansheng Chen Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. For an effective promotion of ZnO nanostructure in photocatalytic H2 evolution, this work aims to build a 3D ZnO/ZnS sheet@ZnO/ZnS nanotube (3D ZSN) structure with Eosin Y to realize the efficient hydrogen production. The combination of the 3D ZSN unique structure and Eosin Y greatly promotes the hydrogen production performance. The H2 production yield of 3D ZSN holds 9.321 mmol ·g[math] ·h[math], where the hydrogen production efficiency is about 1.64 times higher than that of without Eosin Y. The augmentation mechanism is to use the unique structure of three-dimensional bar and Eosin Y acts as a support substrate to give and obtain electrons appropriately, which will provide a new approach to improving the photocatalytic H2 production efficiency of a photocatalyst. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-26T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S179360472450019X
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Authors:Li Li, Guang Li Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. A straightforward solvothermal methodology was employed to synthesize Fe3O4 microspheres and Fe3O4@C hybrids, where amorphous carbon encapsulated Fe3O4 microspheres. This encapsulation was achieved by meticulously controlling the reaction duration and glucose concentrations within the hydrothermal process. Analysis via X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that all specimens retained a homogeneous Fe3O4 phase. Following encapsulation, the Fe3O4 particles were uniformly distributed across the amorphous carbon spheres, with fine particle sizes in the hybrids measuring less than 20 nm. Magnetic characterization revealed that parameters such as saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, and coercivity of the Fe3O4 microspheres could be significantly adjusted by varying the hydrothermal reaction time. Notably, the hybrids exhibited a 5- to 10-fold increase in both coercivity and remanent magnetization when compared to the pristine Fe3O4 microspheres. Nonetheless, the saturation magnetization of the hybrids reached up to 90% of that observed in bulk Fe3O4. These magnetic properties are predominantly influenced by the size effect associated with the nanostructured Fe3O4. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-07-11T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510354
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Authors:Guanru Chang, Mingxiang Ji, Zhaopeng Qi, Long Chen, Haitao Zhang, Ye Yuan, Yansu Lan Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. To integrate pH/NIR dual-responsive drug release mechanisms with multimodal therapies for effective treatment of malignant tumors, hierarchical hydroxyapatite (HAp)/AuNR hybrid microspheres, consisting of a hollow HAp core and an AuNR shell, were facilely synthesized using phytic acid (IP6) as a sustainable template and phosphorus source. Urea served as the pore-forming agent and pH regulator during the synthesis process. The integration of AuNR into multifunctional HAp systems enabled NIR-responsive controllable drug release and photothermal ablation specifically at the tumorigenic site. The aggregation of AuNR within and outside the hybrid microspheres effectively hinders the release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) from the hollow HAp microspheres, mitigating the initial burst release and minimizing side effects. The results indicate that the h-HAp/AuNR hybrid exhibited remarkable drug loading efficiency (159.9 [math]g ⋅ mg[math] ), with drug release exhibiting pH-dependent behavior due to the dissolution of HAp in acidic environments. Furthermore, MTT assays and fluorescence imaging demonstrate that DOX-loaded h-HAp/AuNR significantly enhance antitumor efficacy, achieving a cell survival rate of 12.3% at a concentration of 100 [math]g ⋅ mL. This integrated system offers a promising approach for combined chemotherapeutic delivery and NIR photothermal therapy. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-26T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510421
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Authors:Yuzhe Su, Tong Xing, Pengfei Qiu, Shiqi Yang, Ke Shen, Xun Shi Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. Recently, Ag2S-based compounds have aroused intensive research interest due to their metal-like ductility, high shape-conformability, and decent thermoelectric (TE) performance at room temperature. The melting–annealing method is commonly adopted to prepare Ag2S-based compounds. Compared with the melting–annealing method, the mechanical alloying (MA) method has the advantages of short period and low cost, but it has not been adopted to prepare ductile Ag2S-based compounds. Herein, we successfully prepare the ductile Ag2[math][math] compound by using the MA method. The as-prepared Ag2[math][math] products are small spheres with a diameter of several millimeters rather than the powders. These spheres are phase pure with homogeneous element distribution and good deformability. After the consolidation process at 773 K, the Ag2[math][math] prepared by using the MA method shows good ductility like that prepared by the melting-annealing method. Finally, a maximum bending strain of above 15%, a maximum compressive strain of above 40%, and a maximum figure-of-merit (zT) of 0.5 are obtained, indicating the feasibility of MA in the preparation of ductile TE compounds. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-25T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S179360472451041X
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Authors:Li Ying, Zhao Yaxin, Liu Ruifeng, Zhang Luyao, Zhang Junzhe, Hu Xinlong, Lei Fang, Wang Huiqi Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. As green anode materials with wide distribution, controllable cost, and diversified structure, carbon materials have received more attention. In this paper, iodine- and nitrogen-co-doped carbon flower materials were prepared. The flower-like structure of the material ensures the rapid diffusion of lithium ions, and the synergistic effect of iodine and nitrogen atoms improves the pore size distribution, the conductivity and the active sites of carbon materials realizing the high ion storage and the fast charge diffusion. As the anode material of lithium-ion batteries, the iodine- and nitrogen-co-doped carbon flower could have the capacitance of 410 mAh g[math] at the current density of 0.1 A g[math] after 150 cycles and 181 mAh g[math] at the high current density of 2.0 A g[math] after 1000 cycles. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, kinetics, and GITT show this material has fast charge transport kinetics and excellent rate performance. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-22T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S179360472451038X
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Authors:Rensheng Zhang, Ding Hu, Xujiang Tian, Shaojun Liang, Hanming Zhu, Song Yue Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. High-performance flexible Bi2Te3-based thin films carry significant promise for future portable and wearable thermoelectric devices. In this study, a series of Bi[math]Sb[math]Te3 thin films were deposited on polyimide substrates under different RF magnetron sputtering powers from 60 W to 140 W. The crystallinity, (00[math]) preferential orientation and atomic composition can be effectively modulated by varying the sputtering power. Benefiting from the synchronous enhancements of the electrical conductivity (mostly due to the enhanced carrier mobility) and Seebeck coefficient, the film deposited under the sputtering power 100 W presents the best PF of 12.86 [math]W cm[math] K[math] at 360 K and the highest average PF of 11.25 [math]W cm[math] K[math] in the temperature range of 300–560 K, which are much better than those of the films deposited under other sputtering powers. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-22T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510391
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Authors:Yuqi Li, Jianghong Xu, Sujuan Guo Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. The application of microwave technology has penetrated all aspects of life, but also lead to the electromagnetic pollution, therefore the research of high efficiency microwave absorption materials has been widely concerned. In this work, a new type of Al based CAU-10-H MOF was prepared by hydrothermal method. The particles were polyhedral in size of 2 [math]m. After high temperature annealing, the interplanar spacing increased with the annealing temperature, and the lattice structure was destroyed at 400°C. CAU-Al/rGO aerogels were prepared by freeze-drying of hydrogels. With the increase of CAU-Al content and the annealing temperature, the carbon crystallinity decreases, and the pores of the aerogels became larger and fluffier. The real parts of permittivity of CAU-Al/rGO aerogels were between 5 and 30, which can be tuned by the annealing temperature and CAU-Al content. For the microwave absorption performance, the CAU-Al/rGO aerogel with a ratio of 3:1 achieved the minimum reflection loss of −37.8 dB at 3 mm. Moreover, the CAU-Al/rGO aerogels showed a wide effective bandwidth, which reached 5.1 GHz under the thickness of 2.5 mm. Therefore, the CAU-Al/rGO aerogels could be used as a kind of broadband microwave absorber with excellent microwave absorption performance. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-22T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510408
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Authors:Xuerui Jia, Wei Wei, Xinxin Shao, Kangpeng Li, Huidan Lu, Yongping Liu Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. In this work, WO3 quantum dots grow in situ on the synthesized ultra-thin g-C3N4 nanosheets, ultimately forming a type of tightly bound 2D/0D Z-type heterojunctions. It was found that WO3 quantum dots were closely combined with g-C3N4 nanosheets through SEM and TEM measurements. XRD, IR, and XPS characterization proved a g-C3N4/WO3 heterojunction material was formed. The construction of g-C3N4/WO3 heterojunctions enhanced visible light absorption, improved carrier separation efficiency, and reduced charge transfer resistance. Photocatalytic hydrogen production tests showed that the hydrogen production rate of 20% g-C3N4/WO3 composite materials was 2.8 times that of the original g-C3N4, and the hydrogen production amount within 3 h was 3.7 times that of the original g-C3N4. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and 4-chlorophenol under visible light irradiation showed that compared with g-C3N4, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 20% g-C3N4/WO3 composite materials was enhanced. The results reveal that the special structured g-C3N4/WO3 composite materials have excellent photocatalytic activity, which can not only efficiently produce hydrogen but also efficiently degrade organic pollutants, providing an important reference for solving energy crises and environmental problems. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-22T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510433
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Authors:Lingshan Zhong, Zijuan Du, Siyu Guo, Xianglong Ren, Ang Qiao, Haizheng Tao Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses, are attracting increasing attention in the gas separation field due to their component flexibility, ease of processing and porous structures. In this work, a series of bimetallic MOF glass membranes were synthesized and the impact of the metal node ratio (Co/Zn) on the gas separation performance of the membranes was investigated. It is found that the replacement of Zn nodes by Co in the ZIF-62 glass membrane leads to a nonlinear increase in the separation selectivity for CO2/CH4 and H2/CH4. Such a phenomenon corresponds to the mixed-metal node effect found in the MOF glass. Through the structural characterization results, we found that the different affinities of the central metal nodes towards gas molecules and the diversity in porosity of the Zn/Co-ZIF-62 membranes could be the two main reasons for the evolution of the gas separation properties in the ZIF-62 glass membranes. This work gives a new approach to developing MOF glass membranes with high-performance gas separation. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-21T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510366
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Authors:Run Zhang, Jiaming Wang, Mingyin Jia, Bianying Wen Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. Reaction injection molding method is employed to improve flame retardancy and mechanical properties of three-dimensional braided glass fiber (3D-braided-GF) reinforced in situ polymerized polyamide 6 (PA6) composites. The kernel lies in adding flame retardants, hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP), to the reactive monomers to allow it to be in situ filled into composites during preparing PA6 through anionic polymerization, which enables flame retardants to achieve better dispersion. In addition, extremely low-viscosity reactive monomers are easier to immerse in 3D-braided-GF, ameliorating interfacial adhesion between GF and PA6. The preliminary research indicates that samples with 10 wt.% HPCTP concentration can achieve the best mechanical properties and a satisfied flame-retardant grade (UL 94 HB). However, with the incorporation of 15 wt.% HPCTP into samples, the optimum flame-retardant grade (UL 94 V2) and the reduced mechanical performance are obtained. Furthermore, a dual flame retardancy mechanism in both gaseous and condensed phases of samples is further elucidated. This study can provide a reference for scenarios with high requirements for the flame-retardant and mechanical properties, such as high-speed rail and aircraft. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-15T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724500188
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Authors:Lei Pu, Yuan Cheng, Wenjing Wei, Songjun Li Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. In this study, a novel method is introduced for preparing the poly (N-isopropylacrylamideco-methacrylic acid) (PNIPAM) hydrogel catalyst (PNMC-Ag) with embedded silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), by employing in situ reduction of Ag+ in polymeric network. The prepared hydrogel catalyst exhibits both thermal and pH responsiveness, facilitating precise control of catalytic efficiency in reducing pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) under varying environmental conditions. The embedded Ag NPs demonstrate remarkable stability against self-aggregation due to their confinement within the polymeric network, thus maintaining their exceptional catalytic performance over time. Leveraging the dual-responsive nature of the PNMC-Ag catalyst, tunable catalytic activity can be achieved by adjusting the temperature and pH of the reaction environment. Specifically, the Ag NPs-hydrogel catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity (21 min, 98.5%) in low-temperature ( [math] < 32∘C) at neutral pH and alkaline (pH = 9) conditions at room temperature, while its activity is attenuated in high-temperature ([math]> 32∘C) at neutral pH or acidic (pH [math] 4) environments at room temperature owing to the hydrogel’s thermal and pH-responsive characteristics. This distinctive feature enables precise control over the catalytic reaction, offering an effective approach for the removal of 4-NP from wastewater using a noble-metal-containing stimuli-responsive hydrogel (SRH) catalyst. Overall, this work represents a significant step towards the development of intelligent catalytic materials with superior environmental remediation capabilities. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-15T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510378
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Authors:Hu Xu, Mingwei Shi, Rui Zhang, Zhilong Huang, Yuhong Wang Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. A palladium ion (Pd[math])-mediated nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs/Pd[math]) was developed as a fluorescent “off–on” probe for methimazole (MZ). Fluorescent N-GQDs interact with Pd[math] through coordination interactions, leading to weak photoluminescence (PL) owing to the quenching ability of Pd[math]. Upon introducing MZ, the stronger binding between N-GQDs and Pd[math] destroys the N-GQDs/Pd[math] complex and restores the PL of N-GQDs. The probe exhibits a linear PL response to MZ concentrations from 3.0 to 50.0 [math]M with a detection limit down to 4.5 nM. In addition, the probe has been used to detect MZ in real samples including natural water sources and human urine. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-13T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724500176
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Authors:Yiming Peng, Chunshu Wei, Xingpeng Liu Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 thin film oxides have been deposited on SrTiO3 substrates using a pulsed laser deposition system. Different annealing methods were thereafter used to assess the ferroelectricity of the grown films. The residual polarization value, 2Pr, of 4.205 [math]C/cm2 and saturated residual polarization value, 2Pmax, of 15.484 [math]C/cm2 were obtained using in-situ annealing. After performing rapid thermal annealing (RTA) annealing, the residual polarization value rose to 4.676 [math]C/cm2 and the saturated residual polarization value rose to 18.723 [math]C/cm2. Furthermore, a comparison of results showed that the saturation test frequency of the in-situ annealing was 10 times higher than the saturation test frequency of the RTA. This could be explained by the fact that the secondary high-temperature annealing led to a decrease in the conductivity of the doped oxide and, thereby, a decrease in the effective electric field that was applied to both ends of the BTO (BaTiO3) film. Thus, a lower frequency was required to ensure a flip of all ferroelectric domains within the BTO film. By testing the fatigue frequency at 100 kHz, 10[math] stable cycles in both annealing methods and the results confirmed the good stability of the device performance. A linear fit analysis of the [math]–[math] curves showed under in-situ annealing the presence of both a bulk-limited current mechanism that was dominated by the space charge limited current (SCLC) and Pool–Frenkel (PF) mechanisms, and an interface-limited current that was dominated by the Fowler–Nordheim (FN) mechanism in the structure. After RTA annealing, the conducting mechanism is ohmic contact at low electric field and the SCLC mechanism at high field strength. The results show that after RTA annealing, the quality and ferroelectric properties of the films are significantly improved compared to those under in-situ annealing. These results showed that the BTO/NSTO/STO (BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3/SrTiO3) structure had a standard test frequency as well as reliable stability. The BTO/NSTO/STO structure showed, therefore, promising applications in future nonvolatile information memory devices. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-08T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724500164
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Authors:Mingtao Huang, Hui Long, Lili Tao, Min Ru Wen, Hua Feng Dong, Fu Gen Wu, Li Chen Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. The synthesis of ultrasmall tantalum mononitride (TaN) quantum dots (QDs) is achieved using a straightforward liquid exfoliation technique, starting from bulk TaN. This work presents the evidence of generating an ultrafast laser by employing TaN QDs as a saturable absorber (SA) within an Erbium-doped fiber laser for the first time. Stable ultrashort pulses are generated, exhibiting a center wavelength of 1566.92 nm, a pulse duration of 713 fs, and a cavity repetition rate of 41.39 MHz. Furthermore, the utilization of TaN QDs as an SA in the device exhibits good nonlinear saturable absorption properties with a modulation depth of 1.37%. Those results presented in this study add to the existing literature on the investigation of nonlinear optical characteristics of ultrasmall QDs and also highlight the potential for future development in ultrafast photonic technology. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-01T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510329
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Authors:Kseniia Vikanova, Alexander Kustov, Evgeny Makhov, Andrey Tarasov, Olga Tkachenko, Sergey Dunaev, Leonid Kustov Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. The development of new technologies for effective propylene production is a highly important scientific and industrial task nowadays. In this study, the conversion of ethylene to propylene (ETP reaction) was explored over rhenium-containing catalysts supported on a ZrO2 carrier at temperatures 100°C–200°C and atmospheric pressure using a flow catalytic reactor with a fixed catalyst bed without the use of any other hydrocarbons or dilutants. The effect of rhenium presence in the catalysts on the activity and propylene selectivity was examined. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-01T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510330
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Authors:Zhuqing Sun, Yongxia Li, Haowen Bai, Shenghang Jin, Haibo Zhang, Guanying Cao Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. All inorganic lead halide cesium perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent luminescence properties, but further development is restricted by their stability and the existence of toxic element lead. In this paper, F/Mn-doped CsPb(Br/Cl)3 QDs glass was prepared by melt quenching and heat treatment, with reduced Pb content effectively. The result shows that the spectrum of the QD glass is adjustable between 450 nm and 515.4 nm by changing the feeding ratio of Mn-Pb ion and heat treatment temperature. Moreover, the indraught of Mn[math] effectively improves the PLQY of CsPb(Br/Cl)3 QDs glass and serves as a red-emitting. The prepared composites not only maintain good fluorescence characteristics, but also greatly improve the stability of QDs. And successfully coupled with blue LED chips to synthesize WLED, Under 20 mA current, the color coordinate is (0.3446, 0.3389). Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-06-01T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724510342
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Authors:Wang Zhang, Jiazheng Han, Xingguo Cheng, Dongyun Guo Abstract: Functional Materials Letters, Ahead of Print. BaTi5O[math] nanocrystals were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and their photocatalytic performance was investigated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV-light irradiation. About 82% MB was photodegraded after 30 min irradiation, which indicated that the BaTi5O[math] nanocrystals had good photocatalytic performance due to the distorted TiO6 octahedra in the monoclinic BaTi5O[math] crystal structure and nano-size BaTi5O[math] particles. It indicated that the BaTi5O[math] nanocrystals were promising candidates as UV-light photocatalysts. Citation: Functional Materials Letters PubDate: 2024-05-23T07:00:00Z DOI: 10.1142/S1793604724500152
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