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Authors:Ameer Faisal, Naqui Anwer Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. The welfare of the villages is one of the primary objectives of the rural electrification programmes. Compared to electrifying urban regions, electrifying rural areas is more expensive. Energy requirements in rural areas can be met using hybrid energy technologies. This study proposes a cost-effective power solution to reduce the net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), unmet loads and CO2 emissions. Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Homer Pro are used to optimize the size of the components of the system. The combination of solar, wind and biogas with a battery storage system is cost-effective with zero unmet loads. Of the three combinations considered, the values of COE and NPC for combination-1 were 0.156 ($/kWh) and $2.05 M respectively. The comparative analysis of optimization between the GWO technique and Homer Pro carried out shows that the value of COE and NPC are reduced by 5.45% and 3.30% respectively. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-27T09:38:20Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231210266
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Authors:Yunlong Wang, Xinshuang Yao Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. To build a new type of power system, the proportion of renewable energy sources with wind and solar energy as the main body has increased into the power grid. Due to the strong randomness and volatility of renewable energy as a power source, thermal power units need to fluctuate frequently to respond to system power requirements. To ensure the smooth operation of the thermal power units, a variable period day scheduling strategy considering spectrum analysis is proposed. Firstly, different dispatching periods are divided according to the characteristics of system net load fluctuation, secondly, to minimize the total cost, the joint dispatching model of wind power, solar energy, thermal power, and energy storage is established to form a day-ahead dispatching plan with variable time period. Finally, an example shows that this strategy can increase the smooth operation of thermal power units and improve the utilization rate of pumped storage units. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-22T11:42:03Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231206560
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Authors:Abdelrahman Amin, Amin Bibo, Meghashyam Panyam, Phanindra Tallapragada Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Vibration-based fault diagnostics combined with deep learning approaches has promising applications in detecting and diagnosing faults in wind turbine gearboxes. Specifically when time series vibration data is transformed to a 2-dimensional cyclic spectral coherence maps, the accuracy of deep neural networks in classifying faults increases. Nevertheless, standard deep learning techniques are vulnerable to inaccurate predictions when tested with new data originating from unseen faults or unusual operating conditions. To address some of these shortcomings in the context of wind turbine gearboxes, this paper investigates fault diagnostics using Bayesian convolutional neural network which provide accurate results with uncertainty bounds reducing wrong overconfident classifications. The performance of Bayesian and standard neural networks is compared using a simulation-based dataset of acceleration signals generated from a multibody dynamic model of a 5 MW wind turbine. The framework proposed in this paper has relevance to fault detection and diagnosis in other rotating machinery applications. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-18T09:56:49Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231206723
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Authors:Amal Dendouga, Abdelhakim Dendouga, Najib Essounbouli Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. In this paper, a full nonlinear control of a variable-pitch wind system (VPWS) based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) fed by a direct matrix converter (DMC) has been presented. In this context, The MPPT has been implemented using the third order sliding mode control (TOSMC) in order to ensure maximum power provided by the wind turbine on the one side, on the other side the pitch control has been implemented in order to limit the power extracted to its nominal value. Moreover, a TOSMC has been incorporated into the direct flied-oriented control (DFOC) to ensure high-performance control of the active and reactive power of DFIG. To examine the performance of the TOSMC, a comparative study was performed between this last type and the first and second order sliding mode controllers. The obtained results affirmed the high performance provided by the TOSMC compared to lower order sliding mode controllers. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-17T12:42:52Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231199435
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Authors:Gbubemi Kevin Akporhonor, Smith Orode Otuagoma, Temisan Arnold Akporhonor Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. This review paper evaluates the current status of the Nigeria wind energy sector to identify the available Wind Energy Potential, Installed Wind Energy Capacity and Renewable Energy Policies in a bid to provide accurate information to aid the exploration and exploitation of wind energy across Nigeria. Consequently, the huge expanse between the wind energy Potential across Cities in Nigeria, the poor numbers of installed wind capacity and Nigeria’s Renewable Energy policies show low interest in Wind Energy in comparison to other RE sources. All this calls for further investment in the Nigerian wind energy sector Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-04T12:01:42Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231206559
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Authors:Mohammad Mahdi Hassanshahi, Masoud Kharati-Koopaee Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. This research focuses on the effect of overlap ratio on the performance of Savonius rotor in the presence of inner blades in such a way that inner blade tip is parallel to the main blade tip and root. Findings reveal that at low overlap ratios, using inner blade that the inner blade tip is parallel to the main blade root leads to a higher power and torque coefficients than the other inner blade configuration and also conventional rotor. This research indicates that for the overlapped rotor and for the two inner blade configurations, the higher power and torque coefficients could be obtained at high and low tip speed ratios, respectively. Results show that for both inner blade configurations, the overlapped rotors overcome the negative torque generated by the non-overlapped one. It is also shown that at high overlap ratio, using inner blade has no advantage over the conventional rotor. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-04T11:56:20Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231205282
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Authors:Gazala Rashid, Shameem Ahmad Lone, Mairaj Ud din Mufti Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. This paper aims to develop a supervisory control scheme to enhance the effectiveness and profitability of a small-rating super capacitor energy storage system (SCESS) used in load-frequency-control applications. The proposed approach, which uses one-step-ahead adaptive predictive control (APC), adeptly handles the operational limitations of the SCESS. For the purpose of online estimation of system parameters, the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm has been employed. The system can be characterized as a two input two output system, wherein the real and reactive powers required by the SCESS serve as control signals issued by the controller. The SCESS voltage is subject to constraints to limit energy trade within specific bounds. The proposed control scheme successfully maintains the voltage constraints of the SCESS while significantly reducing frequency and voltage deviations in the presence of two disturbances, viz; load disturbance and wind disturbance. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation experiments on an isolated hybrid wind diesel power system, which addresses several modeling and design aspects. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-03T12:14:52Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231203952
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Authors:Anupam Kumar, Arun Rathore Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. The use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind causes fluctuations in power generation. Hence energy storage is necessary in standalone power systems. It is challenging to use batteries as power backups because they cannot handle rapid power fluctuations without compromising battery life. This paper proposes a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for wind energy-based power systems that includes a battery for long-term energy management with a super capacitor for quick dynamic power regulation. Pulse charging of the proposed HESS is carried out with the help of a dual active bridge (DAB) converter. Pulse charging of the HESS will result into reduced stress on battery and eventually to a longer self-life. The operation of the wind energy fed hybrid battery-supercapacitor energy storage was investigated through simulation using MATLAB-Simulink. For validating the simulation results, an experimental test bench is created using a real DAB prototype and TI Piccolo-F280049 microcontroller. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-03T12:08:12Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231203689
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Authors:Vahid Fazlollahi, Farzad A Shirazi, Mostafa Taghizadeh Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. In this paper, a supervisory control concept for wind farms is proposed based on the neighboring wind turbines control functions in localized areas for power optimization considering wake effects. The flow control in wind farms to maximize power production is a challenging problem due to its time-varying nonlinear wake dynamics. Hence, we develop a method that authorizes coordination in a wind farm for a squarely payoff-based scenario where the turbines have access only to measurements from their neighbors via repeated interactions. Therefore, in order to maximize output power in a wind farm, an Adaptive Learning Game Theory (ALGT) method is introduced. This control scheme provides an interaction framework that constructs a series of common control functions. Here, in every iteration, each turbine chooses an independent decision according to a localized control law. The control objective of wind turbine [math] determines how each turbine adjusts a decision at each iteration by processing available information. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-03T12:03:32Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231199432
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Authors:Ajay Swaroop Raturi, Raj Kumar Jarial, Yog Raj Sood, Ankur Maheshwari, Supriya Jaiswal Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs), particularly wind power plants (WPP), into deregulated power markets introduces complexities in optimizing social welfare (SW). This article proposes a recent metaheuristic algorithm to address this challenge and maximize SW while accounting for the presence of WPP and the inherent uncertainty associated with wind power forecasting. The proposed algorithm optimizes generation scheduling and demand-side bidding strategies in the deregulated power market to maximize SW while ensuring economic efficiency. To validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm, MATLAB simulations are conducted on IEEE 30 and IEEE 118-bus systems. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides promising solutions for maximizing SW, especially in the context of incorporating WPP. This research contributes to the advancement of power market optimization methods and promotes the seamless integration of RESs, fostering a more sustainable energy future. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-11-03T11:59:12Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231204992
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Authors:Jiyan Liu, Dong Li, Zhelong Wang, Weishuai Wang, Meng Li Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. In the medium and low voltage distribution network, the load form of users is complex and changeable. There are a large number of single-phase and two-phase loads connected to the distribution network, resulting in a three-phase unbalanced operation of the distribution network. With the development of the new energy, the high proportion of distributed new energy will further aggravate the three-phase imbalance of the distribution network. Therefore, this paper proposes a coordinated optimization framework of droop parameters based on the multi-converter droop control, which takes the minimum loss of the distribution network as the optimization objective, and optimizes the reference point and the slope of the VSC droop hierarchically. A small-signal stability optimization dispatching method for the VSC droop slope in the DC distribution network is proposed. By adding small-signal stability constraints to the slope optimization model, the optimal slope command and slope stability region which can ensure the small-signal stable operation of the system are obtained. Experiments show that the optimization model of the VSC small-signal stability slope can make the droop control instruction significantly improve the small-signal stability of the system to adapt to the intra-day source load power fluctuations with a small economic cost. The slope stability region pre-optimization model can provide a reliable stability slope upper limit for the slope optimization problem based on ensuring the system operation economy. The research in this paper can make full use of the flexible control ability of power electronic equipment, and then suppress the three-phase imbalance, which is of great significance to improve the security and economy of the distribution system operation. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-10-31T11:47:44Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231203685
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Authors:Mahideremariam Alemu, Endalew Ayenew Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. The wind energy generation system is complex because of varying wind speeds and its control systems to improve its ability of energy harvesting. This paper considers a hydraulic actuator-based variable-pitch angle control of a 1.5 MW wind turbine. The existing control systems of the pitch mechanism of the wind turbines are complex and bulky size. This study applied Genetic Algorithm based Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (GA-PID), Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID), and Genetic Algorithm based Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (GA-FOPID) controllers to adjust the pitch angle of the wind turbine blade. The performance of GA-FOPID, FOPID, and GA-PID controlled pitch angle is compared by considering different wind speeds. The GA-FOPID controller reduced the variation in mechanical power to 0.08% concerning the rated value and the variation in mechanical torque to 1.51% in comparison to the rated value. Therefore, the GA-FOPID controller shows better performance than the conventional PID. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-10-31T11:42:24Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231202765
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Authors:Endalew Ayenew Haile, Milkias Berhanu Tuka Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. The wind, stochastic in nature, is one of the fastest-growing and most promising renewable energy resources in the entire world. Thus, this paper investigates the influence of parameter uncertainties upon a dynamic performance of a grid-tied Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). The main uncertain parameters found in the study are mutual and rotor winding reactances which occurred due to the variation of the angular positions of the rotor caused by varying wind speeds. The variation in the wind speed caused the generator rotor speed to deviate between 25% and 150%. Consequently, the rotor winding reactance of DFIG changes from its nominal value of 1.31 mΩ to between 0.983 and −0.655 mΩ; and the mutual reactance from its nominal value of 0.941 Ω to between 0.758 and −0.4708 Ω. As a result, the stator and rotor winding voltages and currents of the DFIG are uncertain. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-10-31T07:13:38Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231201526
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Authors:Zahira Seddiki, Tayeb Allaoui, Atallah Smaili Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. The Hybrid Power Flow Controller (HPFC) has a simple design configuration, where the upgrading of the line functionality and controller can be performed in stages. This paper applies two HPFC configurations to a multi-machine power network. The first HPFC is a combination of two static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) connected in series, and a Static Var compensator (SVC). The second one consists of two shunt Static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) connected through a Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), across a coupling transformer in a common DC link. The HPFC topologies are tested with a multi-machine power network with faults, in the presence of solar and wind energy sources. The overall model is simulated using SimPowerSystems toolbox and the performance of the two HPFC topologies is compared under various operating conditions. The comparison of simulation results shows that the second HPFC gives a better view than the first in analyzing the power system transient stability. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-10-30T12:30:26Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231201524
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Authors:Mohammed Bakkari, Badre Bossoufi, Ismail El Kafazi, Manale Bouderbala, Mohammed Karim Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Morocco has a significant wind energy potential due to its favorable climate proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, and temperature conditions. The governments recognize the importance of transitioning to sustainable energy sources and have taken strategic steps to promote the renewable energy sector, particularly wind energy, to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels and promote eco-friendly alternatives. Local and international enterprises, along with private investors, have undertaken various wind energy projects in the country. Despite overreliance on conventional resources like coal and gasoline leading to an energy crisis, Morocco sees wind energy as a viable solution due to its increasing accessibility and cost effectiveness. This study comprehensively explores Morocco’s wind energy landscape, defining wind energy and its global and local potential. It highlights challenges and opportunities in wind energy development and outlines strategies to enhance wind resource utilization. By 2021, Morocco achieved a significant milestone by raising the proportion of clean energy in its mix to 37, 6% with wind energy contributing 45% of this. Building on this success, Morocco aims to further increase its renewable energy capacity, targeting 52% of total capacity from renewable source by 2030 according to (IRENA). This showcases Morocco’s commitment to sustainable energy and its progressive approach to creating a greener and more resilient energy future. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-10-30T12:26:27Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231200582
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Authors:Marwa M. Ibrahim Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Burning fossil fuels results in more emissions than generating electricity from renewable sources. The transition to renewable energy from fossil fuels, which currently produce the majority of emissions, is essential to preventing the climatic disaster. Hybrid energy generation systems are still in their infancy. It is envisaged that future technology developments would lead to greater application and more economical goods. There will be more standardised designs, which will make it easier to select a system that is suitable for a certain application. The components will communicate more with one another. As a result, control, monitoring, and diagnosis will be made simpler. The hybrid energy system (HES), also known as hybrid power, is expected to be the long-term power solution for microgrid (MG) systems. This study compares and contrasts several theories and conventional approaches to controlling HRES’s control and energy consumption. A successful energy management strategy has been created using a variety of methods and procedures. The effectiveness of an EMS is determined by its control architecture and the solution approach used; common topologies include hierarchical, decentralised and centralised EMS. Supply side management and demand side management, two EMS components, will be discussed later. The three EMS control architectures are examined in this section. In order to determine the most practical and dependable solution with the lowest Net present cost (NPC), COE and realistic environmental consequences, various hybridisation cases of a PV panel, wind turbine, battery storage and diesel generator are designed, analysed and compared using DSM. The results of taking into account DSM indicated a reduction in CO2 emissions of 25%, NPC emissions of 14.8%, COE emissions of 14% and an increase in RF emissions of 8.5%. Two fundamental metrics – the DSM Quality Index for technical benefits and the DSM Appreciation Index for economic advantages – are used to assess the technical and economic benefits of DSM. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-10-30T12:21:26Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231200010
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Authors:Shreya Shree Das, Jayendra Kumar Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. The maintenance of power balance poses significant challenges in renewable combined deregulated power systems due to the unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources. This situation leads to economic instability within the system. However, an energy storage system can help maintain energy supply and control system stability for renewable incorporated thermal power plants. Unlike in regulated markets, energy prices in deregulated markets are not fixed by any government body or particular company. Instead, the Independent System Operator (ISO) serves as the main entity in the electrical market, gathering tenders from Generation Companies (GENCOs), Distribution Companies (DISCOs), and Transmission Companies (TRANSCOs). The market controller regulates energy prices using Nodal Pricing (NP), which provides economic benefits to both GENCOs and DISCOs. However, the unpredictability of renewable sources often results in a decline in system profit due to the production of an imbalance price (CostIMC) caused by a mismatch in contracted power generation from the renewable power plant. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel combined system that utilizes a suitable scheduling technique for the optimum operation of a wind farm-compressed air energy storage (CAES) system to maximize profit and revenue while maintaining grid frequency. The CAES system’s energy level is divided into four different levels, and an optimal strategy has been developed to efficiently utilize the CAES system to maintain grid frequency. This work has been conducted in both regulated and deregulated environments using a modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method has been compared with an existing approach and has yielded better results in all aspects. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-10-30T12:14:07Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231203686
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Authors:Khaled Sahraoui, Rachid Lalalou, Nadir Boutasseta, Issam Attoui, Nadir Fergani, Mohammed Lamine Frikh Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. In this paper, a novel multi-objective optimization strategy is proposed for the parallel tuning of six fractional order controllers used in regulation loops of a PMSG based wind energy conversion system connected to the electric grid. The nonlinear nature of the WECS components has made controllers design challenging. To enhance the transient response of system variables, Fractional Order Proportional Integral (FOPI) controllers are considered as they are more suitable for such nonlinear physical systems. The additional parameters introduced by FOPI are normally tuned using a single objective, multi-dimensional particle swarm optimization algorithm. However, the inter-dependence of regulation loops introduces additional complexity that is solved in this work using a multi-objective optimization strategy based on a succession of Single-Objective PSO and Multi-Objective PSO. A simulation study has been conducted in order to demonstrate the higher performance and superior tracking accuracy of the proposed multi-objective optimization strategy in variable wind speed operating conditions. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-10-30T12:07:41Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231203377
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Authors:Lahcène Noureddine, Marouane Hadjadj, Habib Chaouki Ben Djoudi, Ahmed Hafaifa Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. This work investigates the prospect of rotor broken bar defect diagnosis in squirrel cage induction generator-based wind turbine using fuzzy logic system (FLS) of the stator currents. The generator current signal is analyzed through the power spectral density (PSD) to diagnose the magnitudes and frequencies associated with various defects. These magnitudes and frequency components are used to apply the system of Fuzzy logic by simulation software. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-10-03T12:46:35Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231200237
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Authors:Imen Chikha, Youcef Bouzidi, Nacef Tazi, Samir Baklouti, Rachida Idir Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Over the past two decades, the wind turbine industry has grown rapidly. As a result, thousands of tons of composite materials from these end-of-life (EoL) wind turbine blades (WTBs) are discarded every year. Due to their complex structure, which consists of a thermoset matrix with glass (GF) and/or carbon (CF) fibers, their recovery is a challenge and remains limited. The objective of this study is to compare several recycling techniques for composite materials using landfill as a baseline scenario. Several aspects can influence the performance of GF and CF recovery, but one of the most important is the efficiency of recycling technologies in terms of the recovered GF/CF fiber rate. To evaluate this amount of fiber annually, a material flow analysis (MFA) was performed based on the punctual years of 2030, 2040, and 2050. A correlation with other aspects was established and based on maturity level, technical, economic, and environmental aspects. Afterward, recommendations on short and medium/long term circularity objectives were drafted on the most suitable technologies for WTBs circularity. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-09-07T12:53:42Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231191056
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Authors:Mariuxi Segarra-Fernández, Johnny Fabian Loor, Sourojeet Chakraborty, Dany De Cecchis, Alexander Espinoza, Daniela Galatro Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Wind energy systems show tremendous potential toward the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; however, the rate of generation of this mode of clean energy remains predominantly intermittent, since it is produced by constantly changing natural drivers, such as wind availability and wind velocity. In this work, a novel framework is proposed which combines a modular process simulator, and a Python environment, to calibrate the operation, and perform a sensitivity analysis of a compressed air energy storage system (CAES) system. Six operational variables are identified via various Monte-Carlo simulations, and a SOBOL analysis of the results highlight three key variables that significantly influence the two primary outputs of a CAES system: the LCOE and the exergy destroyed. Our results successfully identify two novel design metrics that can inform D-CAES design and optimization, for future simulation and experimental works targeted toward wind energy capture and storage. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-09-07T01:03:22Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231194639
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Authors:Geovanny Marulanda, Jenny Cifuentes, Antonio Bello, Javier Reneses Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Wind power plants have gained prominence in recent decades owing to their positive environmental and economic impact. However, the unpredictability of wind resources poses significant challenges to the secure and stable operation of the power grid. To address this challenge, numerous computational and statistical methods have been proposed in the literature to forecast short-term wind power generation. However, the demand for more accurate and reliable methodologies to tackle this problem remains. In this context, this paper proposes a new hybrid framework that combines a statistical pre-processing stage with an attention-based deep learning approach to overcome the shortcomings of existing forecasting strategies in accurately predicting multi-seasonal wind power time series. The proposed ensemble model involves a data transformation stage that normalizes the data distribution, along with modeling and removing multiple seasonal patterns from the historical time-series. Considering these results, the proposed model further incorporates an LSTM Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model with an attention mechanism, for each month of the year, to better capture the relevant temporal dependencies in the input residuals sequence. The model was trained and evaluated on hourly wind power data obtained from the Spanish electricity market, spanning the period from 2008 to 2019. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms well-established DL-based models, achieving lower error metrics. These findings have potential applications in energy trading, grid planning, and renewable energy management. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-08-21T12:17:37Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231191163
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Authors:Xin Tong Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Due to the uncertainty and randomness of large-scale wind and light, the output power of the power grid has great fluctuations. If it is directly connected to the grid, it will affect the main grid. In addition, when the grid switches between on-grid/off-grid operation modes, there will be power shortages, shocks and oscillations. The scientific and reasonable configuration of energy storage system capacity big data can reduce the load power shortage rate, improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, and ensure the reliable operation of the power grid. For this reason, the key technology of large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage capacity big data configuration optimization is studied. A large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage structure is proposed, and the working characteristics of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation are analyzed, and the probability model of photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and load, as well as the charging and discharging model of battery and super capacitor are established accordingly. On this basis, the optimization objective function is set, the constraints are determined, and the large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage capacity big data configuration optimization model is constructed. And the PSO algorithm is used to solve the model to realize the big data configuration optimization of large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage capacity. The research results show that the proposed method of large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage system has good power supply reliability and economy, and can effectively improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-08-21T12:10:17Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231188951
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Authors:Jiten Parmar, Jeff Pieper Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Various types of control methods are utilized in wind turbines to obtain the optimal amount of power from wind. The turbine dynamics are required in said methods, and the wind speed is a critical component of the analysis. However, the stochastic nature of wind means that wind speed sensor signals are noisy. This paper proposes the utilization of a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) based filter to process the signal, by training the network with a simulated wind signal. The network is differentiated from a traditional filter in that the number of neurons and the “learning rate” of the network dictate the properties of the filtered signal. The information flow in the network consists of the signal to be processed as the input, the which is then used as an argument in a radial basis function (which determines the “distance” of each value in the input from a particular preset point), and then it multiplied by a weight. The learning rate is obtained from a novel equation that is proposed in the paper. The results showed that the proposed scheme has versatility in terms of noise removal and signal smoothing, and if required, can viably match performance with a Butterworth filter. Furthermore, live training and adaptability also serve as advantages over a classic filter. Three “modes” of processing the signal are determined based on choosing certain ranges of values for parameters which comprise the RBFNN (number of neurons used and learning rate), and the control designer can choose which one to implement based on performance requirements. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-08-10T11:39:07Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231188696
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Authors:Zeinab Pouransari, Mohadese Behzad Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. A numerical simulation study on the combination of a Darrieus and a Savonius wind turbine is conducted. Hybrid T-II, T-III, and T-IV turbines are suggested with the same Darrieus turbine T-I. In the T-II and T-III, the Savonius turbine is at the center of the Darrieus turbine, whereas in the T-IV, the Savonius turbine is above the Darrieus turbine. The T-III Savonius turbine has half the radius of that of the T-II turbine. Results reveal that variations of the power coefficients, Cp with the tip speed ratio, TSR for the hybrid turbines have different slopes. It is observed that Cp increases with increasing TSR for the T-II and T-IV and does not decrease for the range of TSRs considered, in contrast with the Cp behavior of the T-I. The proposed hybrid T-IV turbine has also a larger Cp than the T-I turbine at the highest TSR. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-07-27T12:41:50Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231188950
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Authors:Yuanxiang Luo, Yang Feng, Cheng Liu, Ming Guan, Linshu Cai Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. In order to solve the problem of system inertia reduction and frequency response degradation caused by large-scale wind power interconnection, a strategy is proposed. This strategy incorporates a joint system model composed of doubly-fed wind turbine (DFWT) and variable speed pumped storage (VSPS), utilizing a fuzzy controller to dynamically determine the virtual inertia coefficient of the wind-pumped storage system based on the frequency state of the system, and adjusts the frequency-regulation participation factor of the DFWT in real time according to the operating conditions of it. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can not only significantly improve the frequency nadir, speed up the system frequency and each generating unit in the system to restore to steady state, but also avoid the second frequency drop (SFD) caused by the wind farm out of primary frequency regulation (PFR), and improve the stability of the system frequency. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-07-26T12:21:38Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231188941
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Authors:Jack Cimorelli, Brian Hammerstrom, Christopher Niezrecki, Xinfang Jin Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. To meet 2050 decarbonization goals, Massachusetts will not be able to rely on carbon intensive energy sources (e.g. natural gas and gasoline) and hydrogen has been considered a replacement. To produce hydrogen without carbon emissions, renewable energy sources will be used to power electrolyzer stacks. However, renewable energy sources will also be in high demand for other energy sectors, such as automobiles and electrification. This paper estimates the amount of wind energy needed to replace natural gas with hydrogen and electrify automobiles. Comparisons are also made for a scenario in which heat pumps are used to replace natural gas. These energy sectors represent the bulk of energy consumed within Massachusetts and are of high interest to stakeholders globally. The analysis reveals the daunting amount of wind energy needed for replacement and that it is highly unlikely for hydrogen to replace natural gas in time to meet the state’s climate goals. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-07-26T11:32:10Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231185322
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Authors:Milkias Berhanu Tuka, Salem Molla Endale Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. A Doubly Fed Induction Generator has a stator winding directly coupled with grid whereas rotor is to the grid via a fault-prone converter. In early times, when a fault occurred, these generators were required to disengage from the grid. However, due to the increased penetration, grid operators demanded WTs remain connected to the grid. Thus, this paperwork integrates crowbar protection with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to improve Fault Ride Through (FRT) capability. For performance evaluation under transient conditions, a three-phase symmetrical fault is imposed at a time of 2 seconds. By using the suggested technique, the DC-link voltage is observed to improve and remain at 1150 V with minor fluctuation. Likewise, the stator and rotor currents are observed to remain at their nominal value after 2.15 seconds. MATLAB-Simulink software is used for modeling and simulation by obtaining all the system’s actual parameters from ADAMA-II Wind Farm. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-07-17T05:29:11Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231186762
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Authors:Amal El Berry, Marwa M Ibrahim Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Due unexpected nature of renewable energy systems, the (Wind/Diesel/Battery) (W/D/B) off-grid system has initially been investigated at a South Sinai location in Egypt for home-scale consumption. Eight different systems, each of which consists of a small wind turbine, storage batteries, and diesel generator, are investigated in accordance with the varying needs of the power loads and seasonal weather data. The major goal is to investigate how adding wind power as an energy source will affect the price of electricity generated while taking into account the cost of reducing CO2 emissions as an external benefit of the wind turbine, which emits no pollutants during operation. In order to compare a Taguchi OA design to a two-level full factorial design to evaluate the systems at two separate sites (South Sinai and the Western Desert in Egypt), a design evaluation tool in DOE++ will be used. To pinpoint the crucial variables and analyze the impact of six different factors on eight different sets, Taguchi OA is used. The proportion of power shortfall is a production indicator, while the net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) are used as economic indicators. The simulation results demonstrate that W/D/B systems are economically viable for the hypothetical community site when using HOMER software, with electricity generated at a cost of about 0.285$/kWh without accounting for external benefits and 0.221$/kWh if CO2 emissions are competitive with diesel-only systems, where COE is 0.432$/kWh. As a new evaluation approach, the Box-Cox transformation calculated the best λ is about −2 at the two locations, indicating similar technique behaviors, and the fitted probability shows, meaning that the significant impact of system components are wind turbines. Regression model of CO2 emission is demonstrated to be successful for estimates at the Western Desert location than the South Sinai region Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-07-15T06:35:04Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231185325
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Authors:Jaclyn Solimine, Murat Inalpolat Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. This paper proposes a new in-situ damage detection approach for wind turbine blades, which leverages blade-internal non-stationary acoustic pressure fluctuations caused by the mechanical loading as the main source of excitation. This acoustic excitation was leveraged for the detection of fatigue-related damage modes on a full-scale wind turbine blade undergoing edgewise fatigue testing. An unsupervised, data-driven structural health monitoring strategy was developed to learn the normal cavity-internal acoustic sequences generated by the blade’s load cycles and to detect damage-related anomalies in the context of those sequences. A linear cepstral-coefficient based feature set was used to characterize the cavity-internal acoustics and LSTM-autoencoders were trained to accurately reconstruct healthy-case sequences. The reconstruction error was then used to characterize anomalous acoustic patterns within the blade cavity. The technique was able to detect a damage event earlier than a strain-based system by 120,000 load cycles. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-07-12T11:27:13Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231187152
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Authors:Sorena Artin Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Consideration of safety is one of the current requirements to design a new system that is often implemented by defining the system failure probability. Renewable energy systems (RESs) do have the same requirements when it comes to safety and reliability. When designing a wind turbine, as a RES, its reliability is of the highest importance. So, efficient reliability models are required to ensure the turbine is working safely to generate electricity. A new model is introduced in this paper by taking into account the wind speed and the wind angle as two effective factors. These two random variables are reported to follow the Gaussian and Weibull probability distributions, and so are employed to define a limit-state function for the turbines. This limit-state function, which is also called system performance function, will then be used to find out the system failure probability. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-07-12T11:20:54Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231187044
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Authors:Amita Singh, Veena Sharma, Vineet Kumar, Ram Naresh, Om Prakash Rahi, Vineet Kumar Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. This research proposes a novel solution for the optimal day-ahead scheduling problem in the GAMS environment using the BARON approach. The challenge is extended to include Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs), making it more complex and practical. EVs serve as loads, energy suppliers, and storage during RESs’ uncertainties. The framework improves cost savings, quality, reliability, and stability of the power supply system by modeling solar, wind, and EV power in the scheduling problem. The solution is tested on a 10 -unit thermal system considering RESs and EVs under deterministic and stochastic environments. Stochastic scenarios are generated using Monte Carlo simulation, and the simultaneous scenario reduction approach enhances results. The BARON solver outperforms other solvers, achieving profits of $205,321 with wind, solar, and EVs, and $187,297 when considering uncertainty, resulting in a reduction of $18,024. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-07-08T11:08:47Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231185492
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Authors:Nitin Kumar, Om Prakash Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. Currently, India’s population is growing at a rate comparable to other countries, which means we need to provide more energy. Most of the world’s energy is generated by coal-fired thermal power plants, despite the fact that this method results in a significant increase in the number of pollutants released into the atmosphere. Wind power is a kind of environment-friendly, pollution-free green energy that comes from renewable sources. India is one of the top five producers of wind power in the world. This article throws light upon the current status of wind energy in India, as well as its potential and regulations governing wind energy. India has a significant untapped potential for wind power generation, and this article details that potential as well as wind power generation in various states of India. When it comes to the production of wind power in India, Tamil Nadu is the most productive states. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-07-04T07:22:36Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231183373
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Authors:Souhir Tounsi Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print. DC generators have the major drawback of the large number of sliding brush-collar contacts, making this motor structure expensive and requiring a non-negligible maintenance cost. To avoid this problem, an excitation system allowing the excitation current to be reversed after the electromotive force changes polarity is added. The structure of the generator is found by equivalence to a permanent magnet direct current generator structure by changing the magnets by equivalent concentrated coils. A control technique of this type of generator, used in a wind energy production system, is developed to show the efficiency of this type of generator in the field of wind energy production. Related to permanent magnets generators, the studied structure is with reduced production cost since the magnets are replaced by coils. The innovation aspects of the studied generator are the modularity (use of several modules to increase the power delivered by the generator), the elevated efficiency due to the limited number of power chain components, the elevated power to weight ratio, the simplicity of the control and the reduced manufacturing cost. In conclusion, the use of the studied generator in the wind energy system, makes the power chain simple, inexpensive and robust. Citation: Wind Engineering PubDate: 2023-06-28T12:42:31Z DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231183929
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