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- Assessment of in silico antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic
activites of ximenia Americana L. Olacaceae Authors: Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru, Mahmud Bala Alfa, Maimuna Abdulrahman Abubakar, Aliyu Pela Abdulllahi First page: 1 Abstract: Persistent hyperglycemia leading to oxidative stress and inflammatory response contributes to the pathology of diabetes. This study investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic potential of Ximenia americana (XA) L. Olacaceae in silico exploring its possible mechanism of action. The study was carried out by molecular docking of the compounds present in XA with the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic targets followed by molecular dynamics simulation. Stigmasterol exhibited the lowest respective binding affinity and inhibition constant with xanthine oxidases (-8.7 kcal/mol and 4.13 ×10-1 µM), cytochrome p450 21A2 (-11.5 kcal/mol and 3.64 × 10-3 µM), myeloperoxidase (-10 kcal/mol and 4.59 × 10-2 µM), phospholipase A2 (-9.3 kcal/mol and 1.50 × 10-1 µM), inducible nitric oxide synthase (-10.8 kcal/mol and 1.19 × 10-2 µM), 11β hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase 1 (-9.4 kcal/mol and 1.27×10-1 µM), and alpha-amylase (-9.6 kcal/mol and 1.27×10-1 µM) while 4,4-Dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol showed the least BA (-7.6 kcal/mol) and Ki (2.65 µM) with interleukin associated kinase 4. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulation shows high residue displacements of up to 6.11, 3.69, 4.97, 5.24, 4.21, 4.41, 5.80, and 5.76 Å for xanthine oxidase, cytochrome p450 21A2, myeloperoxidase, phospholipase A2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin associated kinase 4, alpha-amylase, and 11β hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase 1, respectively. Conclusively, stigmasterol and 4,4-Dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol might be the key compounds involved in the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity of XA via inhibition of the enzymes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes. Received: 13 October 2023 Accepted: 20 February 2024 Published: 15 March 2024 PubDate: 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.21622/735 Issue No: Vol. 4, No. 1 (2024)
- Prevalence of obesity and awareness of diabetes mellitus and its
relationship with obesity among undergraduate students of a private university in southern Nigeria Authors: Otovwe Agofure, Idris Mohammed, Oluwafunmilayo Oluwaseun Abiodun Pages: 1 - 26 Abstract: Introduction: Overweight, or obesity, is characterized by an abnormal or excessive buildup of fat and is a key risk factor for the majority of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Overweight and obesity is prevalent among undergraduate students mainly due to unhealthy dietary practices. In addition, knowledge of obesity and its contribution to the onset of most NCDs is pertinent for design and implementation of health promotion and education programmes. This study examined the prevalence of obesity and awareness of diabetes mellitus and its relationship with obesity among undergraduate students in Novena University Ogume, Delta State Nigeria.Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used in the research. A random sample of 282 undergraduate students was used in the study, which was conducted in 2019 at Novena University. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire, stadiometers, weighing scale, and measuring tape. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 23.0, was used to analyze the data that had been gathered. To look for relationships between the relevant variables at the P<0.05 level of significance, descriptive and inferential statistics were used.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 26.91±6.57 years and majority (77.7%) was females. More females were overweight (28.3%) and obese (9.9%) and had waist-hip ratio (32.8%) higher than males. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge of the relationship between obesity and diabetes (50.5%). Predictors of knowledge on the relationship between obesity and diabetes were older age (Ρ=0.204, OR=2.111, 95% CI=0.667-6.682) and family history of obesity (P=0.006, OR=2.450, 95% CI=1.299-4.622) and diabetes (Ρ=0.000, OR=6.839, 95% CI=8.782-12.713).Conclusion: Findings of the study confirmed the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the study population. Therefore, implementation of weight reduction programmes will be essential. Received: 12 December 2023Accepted: 20 February 2024 Published: 07 March 2024 PubDate: 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.21622/AMPDR.2024.04.1.776 Issue No: Vol. 4, No. 1 (2024)
- Antimicrobial efficacy of cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) on toenails
dystrophy amongst females attending pedicure outlets in Makurdi metropolis Authors: Peter Ifeanyi Uruchukwu, Magdalene Ngodoo Tyona Pages: 27 - 35 Abstract: This research project was aimed at determining the antimicrobial efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) on toenails dystrophy amongst females attending pedicure beauty salons in Makurdi metropolis. Dermatophytes fungi, Trichophyton spp. And Microsporium spp. Were isolated as major cause of toenails dystrophy with a total prevalence of 13(33.33%) and 17(43.59%) respectively. Non dermatophyte fungi, Aspergillus spp. Has a prevalence of 9(23.08%) which confirmed that the causes of most toenails’ dystrophy are dermatophyte fungi. Several bacterial species such as Bacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. Were isolated. The high total prevalence of Staphylococcus spp., 37(31.36%) confirms the implications of the bacterial ability to colonize the keratinous portions of the toenails. Phytochemical screening of the extracts confirms the presence of Flavonoids, Saponins, Alkaloids, Phenols, and Tannins in the methanol, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts. Quinone was present in methanol and aqueous extracts but absent in the ethyl acetate extract. Susceptibility tests were done by agar well diffusion method to determine the mean zone of inhibition for all the extracts. The average mean zone of inhibition was 13.00±1.4 and 13.50±0.71 for Microsporium spp. And Aspergillus spp. Respectively while Trichophyton spp. Was resistant to all the extracts. Bacillus spp. Was susceptible to ethyl acetate extract but resistant to methanol and aqueous extracts. Streptococcus spp. Was susceptible to methanol and ethyl acetate extracts but resistant to aqueous extract. Staphylococcus spp. Was susceptible to ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts but resistant to methanol extract. Klebsiella spp. Was resistant to all the extracts. Salmonella spp. Was susceptible to methanol and aqueuos extracts but resistant to ethyl acetate extract. Escherichia coli were susceptible to methanol and ethyl acetate extracts but resistant to aqueous extract. Shigella spp. Was susceptible to all the extracts. This research study concluded that ethyl acetate extract proved to be most potent of all the extracts; it is recommended that the extracts of Cymbopogon citratus could be explored as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.Received: 13 October 2023Accepted: 20 February 2024 Published: 15 March 2024 PubDate: 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.21622/AMPDR.2024.04.1.787 Issue No: Vol. 4, No. 1 (2024)
- Prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous atrophied Mandibular ridge using
piezographic technique: a case report Authors: Stalin M, Prachi Jain, Manu Rathee, Kritika Diwan, Sarthak Singh Tomar, Balavignesh S Pages: 36 - 40 Abstract: The goal of any prosthodontic operation is to restore the patient's natural shape, speech, function, appearance, and general health. However, obtaining the best possible denture stability in conventional full dentures continues to be difficult, especially when there is resorption of the mandibular ridges. A method for enhancing mandibular full denture retention in patients with significantly resorbed ridges is presented in this article. A patient who wanted his dentures replaced came to the Department of Prosthodontics with loose dentures. The mandibular ridge was found to be badly resorbed after a thorough clinical examination. Prosthetic rehabilitation using the neutral zone approach was scheduled following a comprehensive examination. When compared to the patient's prior dentures, the final full denture showed much better stability, functionality, and appearance. Recognizing the benefits of the neutral zone approach and applying it to clinical practice is critical for physicians. With this method, the patient is guaranteed to receive a prosthesis that meets their functional, physiological, and psychological needs. Using this approach, practitioners can give patients prostheses that fulfill their demands and enhance their quality of life. Received: 12 February 2024 Accepted: 22 March 2024 Published: 18 April 2024 PubDate: 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.21622/AMPDR.2024.04.1.808 Issue No: Vol. 4, No. 1 (2024)
- Factors influencing knowledge and performance of selfcare practices among
type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a teaching hospital in Nigeria Authors: Timothy Aghogho Ehwarieme, Oluwaseun O Abiodun, Otowve Agofure Pages: 41 - 52 Abstract: Background: There are several factors that influence the levels of knowledge and performance of self-care practices (SCP) among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in different parts of the world. The objective of the study was to identify the factors that influence the levels of knowledge and performance of self-care practices among patients with T2DM in a Teaching Hospital. Material and Methods: The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. It was carried out in a tertiary health facility in Ondo State, Nigeria. 132 Participants who were T2DM patients attending endocrine clinic at the hospital were selected for the study using convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire and a self-care performance recall form were used for data collection. Data collected were analyze using descriptive while the hypothesis was done using Binary Logistics Regression at a 0.05% significant level.Results: Results revealed that an individual’s belief in innate ability (OR=2.871) and self-efficacy (OR=2.121) were twice more likely to have been more associated with increased level of knowledge of self-care practice. Also, beliefs and attitude about life (OR=2.533) and knowledge of the disease process and severity (OR=2.706) were twice more likely to have been more associated with better performance of SCP.Conclusion: There were poor knowledge of self-care practices and its performance among the participants, factors that were more associated with increased levels of knowledge and performance of SCP as reported in the study should be strengthened as they positively impact outcomes in patients with T2DM. Received: 01 March 2024 Accepted: 06 April 2024Published: 08 May 2024 PubDate: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.21622/AMPDR.2024.04.1.824 Issue No: Vol. 4, No. 1 (2024)
- Identification of RS266729 single nucleotide polymorphism in adiponectin
promoter region Gene among diabetic patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano State Authors: Auwal Muhammad Abdullahi, Yahuza Gimba Muhammed, Muhammad Mahe Mukhtar, Jamila Sani, Muhammad Alhassan Wudil, Nasiru Abdullahi Pages: 53 - 62 Abstract: Type two diabetes is associated with adiponectin, which possesses characteristics that makes it sensitive to insulin. The study’s aim was to identify the association of Rs266729 polymorphism in patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano State. Blood sample was obtained from twenty seven (27) participants. DNA was extracted, followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of AdipQ gene promoter region. The PCR product was sequenced to identify mutation. Result from this study identify that, the the distribution of the minor allele G (OR = 6.88, P = 0.012698) of rs266729 polymorphism was found to be associated with an increased risk of T2D compared to control group. The genetic model form of association showed that, the homozygous genotype (GG) and heterozygous genotype (CG) of rs266729 polymorphism were significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference and waist hip ratio under the codominant and dominant genetic models. Present study discovered that the minor allele G of rs266729 constitute a risk factor for the development of type two diabetes mellitus in patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano State. Received: 19 February 2024 Accepted: 15 April 2024 Published: 23 May 2024 PubDate: 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.21622/AMPDR.2024.04.1.813 Issue No: Vol. 4, No. 1 (2024)
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