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- Front Matters Vol.19, No 2, 2022
Authors: Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.21249
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Formulation of Nifedipine–Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) Solid Dispersion
System and Intrinsic Dissolution Rate Evaluation
Authors: Riza Maulana, Henry Harto, Tiara Dewi Salindri Pratama
Pages: 108 - 114
Abstract: Nifedipine is a drug that acts as an antihypertensive and anti-angina. Nifedipine is known as a drug with poor water solubility. This characteristic will affect the intrinsic dissolution rate so that it can affect the absorption process and reduce the amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation. One of the strategies to increase the intrinsic dissolution rate is developing nifedipine to solid dispersions form. This study aims to observe the intrinsic dissolution rate of nifedipine after it has been made into a solid dispersion. Four samples were prepared, including three solid dispersions of nifedipine-PVP K-30 and one sample of pure nifedipine. The results of the intrinsic dissolution tests are then interpreted through the intrinsic dissolution rate constant (G). The solid dispersions with concentration of nifedipine-PVP K-30 90%:10%; 75%:25%; 60%:40% (w/w), and pure nifedipine produced G values of 3.63; 9.33; 12.63; and 2.08 µg/mm2. min1, consecutively. It shows that the formulation of nifedipine-PVP K-30 solid dispersions has higher G values than pure nifedipine. In addition, increasing PVP K-30 concentration up to 40 % (w/w) can increase the intrinsic dissolution rate of the nifedipine-PVP K-30 solid dispersion system.
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.20545
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Formulasi Tablet Effervescent Dari Ekstrak Sirih Cina (Peperomia pellucida
L.) Sebagai Disinfektan Alami
Authors: Vinsensia Ivana Widjayanti, Iwan Setiawan
Pages: 115 - 125
Abstract: Chinese Betel herb (Peperomia pellucida L.) has flavonoid and saponin content compounds that can inhibit bacterial growth. The innovation of effervescent tablets used as disinfectants is not widely known in the Indonesian market. This preparation has the advantage of being easy to manufacture as a disinfectant. Chinese betel herb extract is formulated into an effervescent tablet preparation. This study aims to determine the influence on variations in the levels of binders and fillers in the physical properties of effervescent tablet preparations and determine the activity in the effervescent tablet formula of Chinese betel extract (Peperomia pellucida L.) in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Chinese betel herb extract is obtained through a maceration extraction process using methanol solvent for 5 days. The preparation of effervescent tablets is made 3 formulas, namely the concentration of binding substances 10%, 13%, 15%. Physical tests of tablet preparations include organoleptic tests, tablet hardness tests, tablet soluble time tests, size uniformity tests, weight uniformity tests,, fragility tests and antibacterial activity tests against Staphylococcus aureus with disc paper diffusion methods.The best formula tablets are formula I (PEG 10%) with uniformity of weight 525±17,014, tablet hardness 3,452±1,172, tablet fragility 0.264%, soluble time 1 minute 6 seconds, uniformity size 3.33±0.06. The results of antibacterial activity tests showed weak inhibitory power with an average formula value of 4.51±0.02.
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.18338
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Tinjauan Literatur: Efektivitas Butionin Sulfoksimin Dalam Meningkatkan
Sensitivitas Sel Kanker Terhadap Agen Kemoterapi Secara In Vivo
Authors: Khoerunnisa Azamy, Wahyu Utami
Pages: 126 - 140
Abstract: Glutathione (GSH) is one of the targets to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Cancer cells adapt by increasing the production of GSH which acts as an antioxidant to reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing of chemotherapy agents. GSH can bind to chemotherapy agents that are electrophile resulting a conjugate of electrophile-GSH which is more polar so it is easily excreted out of the body. Butionine sulfoximine (BS) is a GSH inhibitor that decrease the concentration of GSH in cells. BS is a γ-glutamyl- cysteine ligase (GCL) enzyme inhibitor that catalyzes the first steps of GSH synthesis. This literature review aims to evaluate the use of BS to sensitize cancer cells against chemotherapy in vivo. The literature search was carried out of two databases (Pubmed and Sciendirect) resulting in 357 journals. Furthermore, a selection process was carried out which yielded in 10 journals. BS synergize with chemotherapy of alkylating groups, vincristine, geftinib, and cytarabine+doxorubicin and significantly increases the effectiveness of therapy compared to chemotherapy only. However, BS delay cancer in initiation phase, and not in tumor progression phase. In vivo, the combination of BS and chemotherapy of alkylating groups, vincristine, geftinib, and cytarabine+doxorubicin reduce the tumor volume, cancer cell proliferation and also increasing the survival of experimental animals.
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.18802
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku DAGUSIBU Obat pada Kader PKK
Authors: Nurul Mutmainah, Putri Nabila Miftahul Jannah, Zuhroh Tustika Vieda
Pages: 141 - 147
Abstract: DAGUSIBU teaches how to administer medications properly. Errors in drug management can be influenced by a lack of knowledge. Knowledge is an important foundation that can influence a person's attitude and behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge on attitudes and behavior related to DAGUSIBU among Kader PKK. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was Kader PKK in Kalurahan Kampung Baru, KecamatanPasar Kliwon, Kota Surakarta and Kalurahan Sendangsari, Kecamatan Pengasih, Kabupaten Kulon Progo Regency. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. The research measuring instrument used a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts, namely informed consent, questions about knowledge (20 items), questions about attitudes (10 items), and questions about behavior (10 items). Multivariate analysis in this study was carried out using multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results of the study on 198 people showed that 101 people (51%) had a good level of knowledge. 138 people (69.7%) had a good attitude and in the behavioral aspect of the drug DAGUSIBU it was found that 155 people (78.3%) had good practicals. From the results of linear regression analysis, the sig. 0.000, this shows that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of DAGUSIBU attitudes and practicality among Kader PKK. The level of knowledge affects the attitude of 19.3% while the level of knowledge influences the practical of 17.8%
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.20859
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Pengembangan Dan Validasi Metode Analisis Amlodipin Besilat Dan Cemarannya
Dalam Sediaan Tablet
Authors: Muhammad Haqqi Hidayatullah, Slamet Ibrahim, Benny Permana
Pages: 148 - 159
Abstract: Amlodipine besylate belongs to the class of oral dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers that can be used to hypertension and angina therapy. Amlodipine as a pharmaceutical preparation must meet the criteria for a good pharmaceutical preparation, namely safe, efficacious and quality. In terms of safety, the presence of organic impurity in pharmaceutical products can affect the safety of medicinal products. Because the difficultness to obtain a standard of impurity, it is necessary to develop an analytical method to analyze the presence of contamination by stress testing. The analytical method was developed using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument with Eclipse Plus C18 column 5 m (150 x 4.6 mm), mobile phase triethylamine (TEA): methanol in a ratio of 40:60 with isocratic elution and a flow rate of 1 mL/minutes and a wavelength of 237 nm with an injection volume of 10 µL. The results of the method validation showed good linearity with R2 of 0.9996, detection limit of 18.46 µg/mL and quantization limit value of 61.54 µg/mL. The value of the coefficient of variation on the precision parameter is 1.18-1.26%. The percent recovery accuracy value is 93.07-105.44% and the range value for proportional samples is in the concentration range of 24-84 µg/ml with R2 = 0.9993. The HPLC system meets all requirements for acceptance of the system conformity test. The results of this experiment showed that there were 2 out of 5 peaks of degradation products whose chemical structure was known. The application of the analytical method on commercial samples showed levels between 90.79-95.68% and there was no impurity in the product samples.
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.20210
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Analisis Perbedaan Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) Vaksin Coronavac
Dosis Pertama dan Kedua pada Masyarakat Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Arifin Santoso, Atma Rulin Dewi Nugrahaeni, Abdur Rosyid, Syifa Audina Banin
Pages: 160 - 166
Abstract: Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) for the coronavac vaccine are still widely found in Indonesia, especially in Central Java that happened in the first and second dose. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between AEFI of the first and second dose of coronavac vaccine among recidents in Central Java. This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire with respondents from the recidents of central Java who carried out the first and second dose of coronavac. Statistical descriptive analysis, then an analysis of the differences of AEFI of the first and second dose of coronavac was carried out with dependent sample t-test. The results showed that the most common AEFI of coronavac were muscle pain at the first dose (11,2%) and the second dose (9,2%), followed by lethargy at the first dose (10,1%) and the second dose (8,3%), then pain accompanied by weakness in the arm injected at the first dose (8,8%) and the second dose (8,6%), and the swelling at the injection site at the first dose (7,5%) and the second dose (7,7%). There was no significant difference between AEFI that occurred after coronavac vaccination at the first and second dose as indicated by p value 0,320 (p >0,05).
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.19746
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Optimasi Perbandingan Pelarut dan Lama Maserasi terhadap Kadar Total
Antosianin Ekstrak Jantung Pisang (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana)
Authors: Yunita Widyastutik, Prisma Trida Hardani, Dewi Perwito Sari
Pages: 167 - 175
Abstract: The inflorescence of the banana plant has not been widely used as a natural remedy. The inflorescence is known to contain anthocyanin compounds that have a variety of benefits. This study aimed to determine the anthocyanin content. This study used the ratio of materials: solvents of 1:5 and 1:9 as well as extraction time of 6 hours and 24 hours. Total anthocyanin levels were determined by the pH-differential method using pH 1.0 and pH 4.5 buffers. The best extraction conditions are determined by measuring the total anthocyanin levels. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by two-way variance analysis (Two Way ANOVA). The results showed that the ratio of the material to the solvent with the highest anthocyanin content was 1:9 with an extraction time of 6 hours. The extraction resulted in a yield of 2.64% and a total anthocyanin content of 0,119 g / 100 grams. This shows that the extraction duration affects the total level of anthocyanins and is statistically meaningful (p = 0.001<0.05).
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.19834
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Karakterisasi Tiga Tumbuhan Obat Antihiperkolesterolemia dengan Pendekatan
Berbasis Profil Anatomi, Histokimia, dan Fitokimia
Authors: Reny Syahruni, Abdul Halim Umar, Nur Hidayah Asnar
Pages: 176 - 186
Abstract: It is very important to validate the characterization of medicinal plants to ensure their use, especially if the medicinal plants are to be used only for certain organs. This study aimed to obtain information related to the type of secretory structure and the secondary metabolites they accumulated, as well as the phytochemical profile of three antihypercholesterolemic plants. This study used three organs (leaves, stem bark, and roots) from Moringa oleifera, Muntingia calabura, and Annona muricata with anatomical, histochemical, and phytochemical methods. Anatomical and histochemical tests were carried out by observing the fresh sample incision to see the presence of secretory structures (secretory cavities, glandular trichomes, idioblast cells). Histochemical tests were carried out on fresh sample incision using specific reagents to determine the secretory structure producing/accumulating secondary metabolites (alkaloids, phenolics, lipophilic, and terpenoids), while phytochemical tests were carried out to identify their secondary metabolites with thin layer chromatographic technique (qualitative). The results showed that the three antihypercholesterolemic plants contained several secretory structures, namely: glandular trichomes, idioblast cells, and secretory cavities, and were identified as containing secondary metabolites of alkaloids, phenolics, lipophilic, and terpenoids. This finding is supported by the chromatographic results of the extracts of the three species. Techniques based on anatomical, histochemical, and phytochemical profiles can be applied to identify plant organs containing specific secondary metabolites
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.19467
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Antibiotic Evaluation Use towards Diabetic Foot Ulcer Inpatient at
Hospital in Surakarta
Authors: Lilla Prapdhani Agni Hajma, Hidayah Karuniawati, Nurul Mutmainah
Pages: 187 - 195
Abstract: A diabetic foot ulcer is one of diabetes mellitus type 2 complications indicated by open sores. Because it contains bacteria, it is treated with antibiotics. Improper use of antibiotics could harm patients due to the length of wound healing. This study aims to determine the appropriate of antibiotics in patients with a diabetic foot ulcers. This is a non-experimental research with descriptive analysis approach. The medical records of diabetic foot ulcer patients undergoing inpatient and antibiotic prescribing are observed. The data obtained were analyzed by comparing the use of antibiotics based on the National Health Service guidelines, the Indonesian National Drug Information, and the Drug Information Handbook. The results of this study showed antibiotics used are metronidazole (4.8%), vancomycin (4.8%) and antibiotics combination are ceftriaxone-metronidazole (47.6%), ceftriaxone-metronidazole-clindamycin (4,8%), levofloxacin-azithromycin-ceftriaxone (4.8%), cotrimoxazole-ciprofloxacin (4.8%), metronidazole-meropenem (4.8%), ceftriaxone-metronidazole-gentamicin (4.8%), metronidazole-clindamycin-ciprofloxacin (4.8%), ceftriaxone-levofloxacin (4.8%), and ceftriaxone-metronidazole-ciprofloxacin (9.5%). The evaluation results according to criteria appropriate usage of antibiotics that is 100% appropriate indication, 100% for appropriate of patients, 42.3% for appropriate drug, and 61.9% for the appropriate dose.
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.20570
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Implementation of Drug Administration with High Awareness (LASA/ Look
Alike Sound Alike and High Alert) for Patient Safety at Pharmacies in
Surakarta
Authors: Handri Mursiti, Galau Menanti Embri Baskara Putra Mesias, Peni Indrayudha
Pages: 196 - 201
Abstract: LASA (Look Alike Sound Alike) are drugs that have similar names, looks and speech and need to be watched out for to prevent no errors in taking medication (dispensing error) by pharmacists. High-alert (HA) medication is a drug that must be watched out for because it often causes errors or serious errors (sentinel events) and drugs that have a high risk of causing Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR). One of the pharmacist duties at a pharmacy is to organize LASA and HA drugs properly to prevent medication errors. The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge of pharmacist in the city of Surakarta on the process of good and safe drug storage and able to implement safe and high alert drug storage for patient/consumer safety. The type of research is experimental research. The study was conducted from September 1, 2021 to January 20, 2022. The number of samples were 117 pharmacists who worked in different pharmacy locations. The data obtained were scored and analyzed using the SPPS 25 test, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by the Paired sample T-Test. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of socialization intervention using the HA and LASA flyer, namely an increase in knowledge and implementation of the arrangement of HA and LASA drugs. Data showed that the results of pre-test 17.52% and post-test 89.74% (p=0.000; p<0.05). From this study, it was found that there was a significant change in the level of implementation of the LASA and HA drug arrangement from pharmacists after the intervention using the LASA/HA drug arrangement flyer.
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.20019
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Terhadap Perilaku Pemilihan Skincare Wajah
melalui Media Sosial pada salah satu Universitas Di Karawang Jawa Barat
Authors: Indah Laily Hilmi, Nalisha Putri Rianoor, Vesara Ardhe Gatera
Pages: 202 - 211
Abstract: Skincare is needed to maintain skin cleanliness. When choosing skincare, some people were bad attitude and behavior only armed with social media, advertisement, and information form friends, which in reality is not necessarily true, so choose the wrong skincare. Internet connections and social networks make it easy to find information about the bought skincare. So it is necessary to know the description of knowledge, attitude, behavior and to prove the correlation between knowledge and attitude toward the behavior of choosing facial skincare through social media in one of University in Karawang-Wesy Java’s students. This study used a descriptive analytic design with a cross sectional approach. The instrument used is a questionnarie. The sample consisted of 392 students which included the inclusion criteria. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling. The results of the bivariate analysis used the chi square test and there is a correlation between knowledge toward the behavior of choosing facial skincare through social media with a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0,05) and there is correlation between attitude toward the behavior of choosing facial skincare through social media with a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0,05). The conclusions of this study there is a correlation between knowledge and attitude toward the behavior of choosing facial skincare through social media.
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.19261
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Persepsi Pasien pada Sistem Pembayaran Kapitasi: Survey Pada Peserta
Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Di Puskesmas Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Indriyati Hadi Sulistyaningrum, Arifin Santoso, Fildza Huwaina Fathnin, Arizka Agus Solamanda, Atmarulin Dewi Nugrahaini
First page: 213
Abstract: Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) merupakan upaya pemerintah mewujudkan Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Sistem kapitasi yang diterapkan pada Puskesmas berdampak pada krisis kepercayaan pasien terhadap mutu pelayanan yang didapatkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggambarkan persepsi pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian sistem kapitasi di Puskesmas Demak. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional. Data dikumpulkan dari dua puskesmas dengan teknik proporsionate random sampling yang terdiri dari 200 responden. Data persepsi pasien dianalisis deskriptif distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mayoritas pasien BPJS Kesehatan di puskesmas Kabupaten Demak adalah perempuan (69,5%), berusia 33 – 47 tahun (41%), tingkat pendidikan SMA/Sederajat (46,5%), bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga (30,5%), penghasilan 1- 2 juta (36%), status kepesertaan penerima bantuan iuran (75,5%). Persepsi pasien BPJS Kesehatan di puskesmas Kabupaten Demak pada indikator kualitas obat adalah tinggi (83,3%), indikator jumlah obat sedang (57%), indikator ketersediaan obat tinggi (75,5%), indikator pembayaran obat tinggi (71,5%). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah persepsi pasien “tinggi (3,41-4,20” pada indikator kualitas, ketersediaan obat, dan pembayaran obat. Namun pada indikator jumlah obat yang diterima persepsi pasien masih berada pada kategori “sedang (2,61-3,40). Pihak Puskesmas Kabupaten Demak perlu melakukan peningkatan keterampilan dan kemampuan dalam mengelola dan menghitung kebutuhan obat.
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.19696
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
- Kajian Interaksi Antar Obat Terhadap Profil Glikemik Pada Pasien Diabetes
Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang
Authors: Willi Wahyu Timur, Rikma Eliya Ussa, Naniek Widyaningrum
First page: 222
Abstract: Interaksi antar obat adalah kondisi ketika pemakaian obat dapat memberi dampak dari obat lainnya secara farmakokinetik ataupun farmakodinamik. Dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat interaksi antar obat berupa efek yang diharapkapkan ataupun efek yang tidak menguntungkan bagi pasien. Pada umumnya interaksi obat terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus karena mendapatkan terapi pengobatan lebih dari satu macam obat sehingga berpeluang terjadi interaksi yang akan mengganggu pengendalian kadar gula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat adanya hubungan interaksi antar obat dengan kadar gula darah. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat observasional, dengan menggunakan rancangannpenelitian analitik dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien rawat inap diabetes melitus dengan atau tanpa penyakit penyerta hipertensi, dislipidemia, dispepsia, congestive heart failure, dan coronary artery disease di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 51 pasien dengan Teknik pengambilan purposive sampling. Data diambil dengan pengumpulan data rekam medis pasien rawat inap yang kemudian dilakukan analisis statistika menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk mengetahui hubungan interaksi obat dengan profil glikemik. Berdasarkan analisis statistik di dapatkan hasil nilai p-value 0,001 sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan interaksi pengobatan dengan dengan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang.
PubDate: 2022-12-31
DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.18583
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 2 (2022)
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