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- Aqueous extract of Piper betle L. leaf and Areca catechu L. nut protects
against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and positively modulates
cognitive function in adult Zebrafish-
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Abstract: Piper betle L. (BL) is a popular medicinal plant in Asia. BL has been used as a traditional medicine to treat various health conditions. Areca catechu L. nut (AN) is an important traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used since antiquity. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological illness that affects millions of people. Cognitive dysfunction and abnormal behavior are the alarming co-morbidities of epilepsy. This study aims to investigate the anti-epileptic and cognitive improvement effects of Aqueous extract of Piper betle L. (AqEBL) and Aqueous extract of Areca catechu L. nut (AqEAN) against Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced epilepsy associated cognitive dysfunction in adult Zebrafish (ZF). The extract was subjected to liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify its bioactive compounds. Further, molecular docking studies were carried out to understand the binding mode of various components of AqEBL and AqEAN within the active site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor β3 subunit (GABAA subunit β3). The epilepsy-associated cognitive functions were assessed by behavioral studies including, seizure-score phenotype, T-maze, color recognition, and open field test; biochemical studies including brain antioxidant status and oxidative stress indices, acetylcholine esterase activity, neurotransmitters expression levels, and histopathology study in ZF model. It was evidenced in the current study that AqEBL and AqEAN have the potential to ameliorate seizure-like behavior through the GABAA receptor pathway and improve cognitive abilities. These data indicate that AqEBL and AqEAN may be potential options for epilepsy associated cognitive impairment. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Elecampane rhizome extract alleviates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity
and nephrotoxicity in male rats-
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Abstract: Abstract Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases; however, its clinical applicability is limited due to its cytotoxic nature. The present study tested elecampane (Inula helenium L.) rhizome extract (ERE) for its protective effects against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in male rats. The rats were divided into five experimental groups (n = 10): control (physiological saline); MTX, physiological saline, and MTX [40 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)] on the fourth day; and three groups in which rats concurrently received MTX plus three doses of ERE (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) orally for 10 consecutive days. The findings revealed that MTX administration substantially elevated serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Additionally, it increased malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrotic factor-α (TNFα) levels in the liver and renal tissues while decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities. However, treatment with ERE at a dosage of 400 mg/kg reversed the adverse effects of MTX toxicity by decreasing the levels of TC, LDL-C, MDA, AST, ALT, ALP, IL-1β, TNFα and increasing the activities of GPx, CAT, and SOD in the tissues mentioned above. A histological examination of the liver and renal tissues also confirmed the ameliorating effects of ERE. The present study indicated that EER could inhibit MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity by improving antioxidant defense and decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Nigella sativa tea mitigates type-2 diabetes and edema: a case report
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Abstract: Abstract Diabetes is a major deadly disease. In 2019 alone, it caused an estimated 1.5 million deaths world-wide. Cases of diabetes are rising rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. Natural remedies that can lower the glucose level would be very useful, particularly to people living in low- and middle-income countries. A 2-year case study was carried out, therefore, to determine if Nigella sativa tea can lower the glucose level in a 72-year-old man with type-2 diabetes, stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease, and congestive heart failure. Changes in body weight, lipids, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were also studied. N. sativa tea was prepared with N. sativa, barley, and wheat seeds. The 72-year-old drank approximately 50 ml of N. sativa tea daily, in the morning. Results showed that after drinking N. sativa tea daily, hypoglycemia started to occur and occurred more frequently as time went by and that the glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c, was decreasing. Subsequently, the dosages of insulin glargine and insulin aspart were reduced by 33% and 50%, respectively. Results also showed that weight loss led to the 72-year-old cutting back his intake of the diuretic furosemide by at least 50%. His triglycerides level was also lower and there were no changes in his total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. His eGFR was stable but his UACR was worsening. N. sativa tea is easy to prepare, costs very little, and could be a natural remedy for mitigating diabetes and edema. Many more studies on N. sativa are warranted.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- In-silico elucidation of phytoconstituents against 1LPB protein and
anti-dyslipidaemic activity of Psoralea corylifolia Linn leaf extract-
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Abstract: Abstract Psoralea corylifolia L. has been used in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine systems for management of various diseases. The various phytochemical constituents work in orchestric manner to treat diverse illnesses. Current pharmaco-therapies shown beneficiary role in treatment of dyslipidaemia but facing life threatening side effects. The usage of herbs increased worldwide and paves the way for development of pharmaceuticals for hyperlipidemia treatment. The main objective of present work was to investigate anti-hyperlipidemic activity and in-silico pancreatic lipase inhibitory potential of Psoralea corylifolia L. (PC) leaf extract. The existence of several phytoconstituents was confirmed by the chromatographic research and mainly includes the flavonoids and furanocoumarins. All studied phytoconstituents were found to have superior binding affinity than standard orlistat (− 7.1 kcal/mol), with docking score ranges from − 10.6 to − 7.3 kcal/mol. At 200 mg/kg/day the ethanolic leaf extract demonstrated highest lipid lowering action. Ethanolic leaf extract of Psoralea corylifolia revealed evidential antihyperlipidemic potential in a concentration dependent manner (P < 0.01). The serum lipid profile (LDL, VLDL, TG, TC) dropped firmly and HDL elevated in hyperlipidemic rats treated with plant extract compared with the hyperlipidemic group rats (P < 0.01). The hepatic TC and TG abruptly increased in hyperlipidemic rats and significantly reduced in hyperlipidemic rats administered with EPC compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The hyperlipidemic rats treated with atorvastatin and PC at different doses shown evidentiary increase in secretion of TC and TG compared with the hyperlipidemic group rats. The study results proposed that EPC leaf extract demonstrated noteworthy antihyperlipidemic action. The findings of docking study recommend utilization of the best ligands experimentally to develop novel anti-obesity agents.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Neuroprotective effect of chia seed oil nanoemulsion against rotenone
induced motor impairment and oxidative stress in mice model of
Parkinson’s disease-
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Abstract: Chia seed oil (CSO) was reported to possess various pharmacological effects, however, its usefulness is restricted due to its inadequate solubility, bioavailability and stability. In the present work, efforts were put forward to develop chia seed oil nanoemulsion (CSO NE). The developed CSO NE was exposed to pharmacodynamic evaluation against Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by rotenone (RT) in the mice. Here, the animals were classified into 6 groups: (I) Vehicle control, (II) RT (1 mg/kg s.c.), (III) CSO (200 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (IV) CSO (400 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (V) CSO NE (200 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (VI) CSO NE (400 mg/kg p.o.) + RT. Animals received the treatment 30 min before RT administration for 14 days. The outcomes of the motor/behavioural evaluations (rotarod test and locomotor activity), biochemical evaluations (estimation of malondialdehyde, nitrite, acetylcholine esterase, reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and histopathological evaluation affirmed that the CSO NE treatment rendered a significant enhancement in the neuroprotective effects as compared to CSO administered alone. These results suggest that the oral bioavailability of CSO was escalated by its conversion to nanoform, thus imparting greater neuroprotection. The potential application of CSO NE was established in the management of PD. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Microwave-assisted drying of Prasakanphlu herbal granules and formulation
development of Prasakanphlu tablets: Design of Experiments approach-
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Abstract: This work aimed to apply the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach in microwave-assisted drying of Prasakanphlu (PSKP) herbal granules. Furthermore, DOE was applied in the formulation development of PSKP tablets. The 32 full factorial design consisted of two factors (i.e., microwave power and microwave time) and two responses (i.e., moisture content and eugenol content) that were used for optimized microwave-assisted drying of PSKP granules. The optimal condition was microwave power of 300 W for 15 min. This condition was used to dry the wet granules of PSKP for optimization of tablet formulation. The Box–Behnken design was applied in the formulation development of PSKP tablets; three factors (i.e., compression force, amount of polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, and amount of sodium starch glycolate) and four responses (i.e., tablet thickness, hardness, friability, and disintegration time) were included in the design. Results showed that the optimal parameters were compression force of 1500 psi, 4.5% polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, and 2% sodium starch glycolate. Furthermore, rapid dissolution of the optimal tablets was found. In conclusion, the work succeeded in applying DOE for PSKP granule drying by microwave and formulation development of PSKP tablets with desired properties. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Medicinal plants as potential therapeutic agents for trypanosomosis: a
systematic review-
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Abstract: Abstract Trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by various trypanosome species that affects both humans and livestock with catastrophic implications across the endemic areas. Plants have been used for many centuries to establish or bring back health, well-being, and as cure for several illnesses. We performed a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines to compile the results of studies carried out in both in vitro and in vivo investigations, examined the effect of plant extracts on trypanosomosis treatment and risk of bias of the studies. Published articles were appraised and only those with the requisite inclusion criteria looking at the efficacy of different medicinal plant extracts used against trypanosomosis globally from 1990 to 2020 in ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpingerLink, Scopus and Web of Science were used for this systematic review. A total of 761 medicinal plant species were evaluated for antitypanosomal activity with Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae families being frequently studied. After comparative analysis, two plant species, namely, Khaya senegalensis and Terminalia superba produced best antitrypanosomal activity both in vitro and in vivo. Leaves (74%) and stem barks (38%) were most used plant parts. Medicinal plant extracts demonstrated in vivo antirypanosomal efficacy either singularly or synergistically at dosages < 2000 mg/kg, that resulted in elimination of parasitaemia and reduction of trypanosomosis clinical symptoms. On the other hand, most of the extracts, had an in vitro antirypanosomal activity within minutes after application in a concentration-dependent manner. Bias analysis showed the lack of standardized experimental designs and failures in statistical tests. There is lack of studies for evaluation of efficacy of medicinal plant extracts against Trypanosoma equiperdum and T. vivax both in vitro and in vivo amongst pathogenic trypanosomes. Medicinal plant extracts have potential therapeutic activity against pathogenic trypanosomes infecting animals and humans as suggested by majority of in vitro studies but require verification of in vivo efficacy and toxicity studies which are lacking.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- A search for potential anti-HIV phytoconstituents from the natural product
repository-
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Abstract: A chronic, life threatening and immuno-suppressing malady caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is formally known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Currently, combinations of several anti-retroviral drugs are being used for the management of HIV infection. These drugs possess certain limitations and hence researchers across the globe are striving to explore treatment methodologies based on medicinal plants of natural origin in order to develop safe and effective treatment. In this review, various medicinal plants are categorized on the basis of target of action namely Reverse transcriptase enzyme, Protease enzyme, Integrase enzyme, cell fusion, CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Medicinal plants exhibiting multi-targeted activities against various targets of HIV are also reviewed. Detail description of medicinal plants with their habitat, common names, category of systems of medicines, phytoconstituents and their biological activities in terms of relative % inhibition or IC50 or EC50 are provided in this review. Anti-HIV benefits of these plants are observed due to phytoconstituents like terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, polyphenols, coumarins, flavonoids, etc. In order to gain the structural knowledge for future developments of anti-HIV leads, ligand based pharmacophore was generated using phytoconstituents mentioned in this review. Structural modifications of these phytoconstituents on hydrophobic, donor and acceptor regions are beneficial for the potent anti-HIV activity. In conclusion, this study may prove to be a stepping stone towards the use of herbal medicinal plants for the management of HIV/AIDS and may aspire researchers to look for new treatment options from the natural sources. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Gastroprotective and ulcer healing potentials of Nigerian Bee Propolis
flavonoid extract on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in albino rats
(Wistar Strains)-
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Abstract: Abstract Gastric ulcer is a serious global health challenge, and various natural products are being investigated to prevent and manage the condition. This study evaluated the gastroprotective and ulcer healing potentials of Nigerian bee propolis flavonoid-rich extract (NPE) on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in albino rats. Sixty adult male albino rats (222 ± 6.4 g) randomised into 5 groups (n = 12) were studied. Group A (SHAM) was left untreated, while gastric ulcer was induced in groups B (NPE), C (omeprazole) and D (saline). Group E (PRPE) was pre-treated with NPE prior to ulcer induction. The rate of ulcer contraction, volume and pH of gastric juice, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. The results showed a significantly higher rate of contraction (P = 0.001) between days 9 and 12 (NPE > OME > PRPE > SAL) and a significant decrease (P = 0.003) in the volume of gastric juice between days 9 and 12 (NPE < OME < PRPE). Gradual increase in pH was observed in all the groups from days 3 to 12, with a significantly higher rate (P < 0.001) between day 6 and 12 (SHAM > NPE > OME > PRPE > SAL). Histological evaluation showed significantly high neutrophils and macrophages on day 6 (P = 0.006) and lymphocytes (P = 0.004) between day 6 and 12 in the OME and NPE groups. NPE showed gastroprotective and ulcer healing properties by inhibiting ulcer formation and facilitating the curation of induced ulcers and is, therefore, a valuable alternative to conventional gastric ulcer therapy, especially in poor resource settings.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill and Perr ameliorates
pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure/cognitive impairment in rats via
inhibition of oxidative stress-
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Abstract: Abstract The study investigates the role of Anogeissus leiocarpus methanol stem bark extract (ALSE) on seizure, oxidative stress and cognitive performance in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy in rat model. Thirty Wistar rats were allocated into five groups (n = 6). Groups 1 and 2 received normal saline intra-peritoneal (i.p) every day and PTZ (i.p) at 35 mg/kg every other day respectively. Groups 3–5 were given ALSE orally at (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and Diazepam at 4 mg/kg (i.p) respectively. Groups 3–5 were given PTZ (i.p) at 35 mg/kg every other day for 30 days, 30 min after ALSE and Diazepam administration. The rats were observed for seizure activities and also evaluated for cognitive functions. The rats were euthanized thereafter and the brain histology and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. PTZ induction resulted into increased seizure activities leading to the development of kindling, oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and histological aberration of the hippocampus. However, pretreatment with ALSE decreased seizure activities, reversed oxidative stress and cognitive impairment and preserved hippocampal histology relative to the PTZ alone treated rats. Conclusively, ALSE was found to increase seizure latency, prevented cognitive decline, and decreased seizure activities induced by PTZ-kindling in rats. Additionally, ALSE ameliorates PTZ-induced oxidative stress and histological aberrations of the hippocampus. Hence, this study proposed that ALSE might be a promising tool for ameliorating seizure in epilepsy.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and
toxicology of Curcuma caesia Roxb.: a review-
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Abstract: Abstract Curcuma caesia or commonly known as black turmeric is belongs to family Zingiberaceae. The rhizome which is the most important part of this species is widely used as a folk medicine for the treatment of asthma, fever, cancer, wounds, allergies, toothache, leprosy, bronchitis, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, leukoderma and rheumatoid arthritis. C. caesia is one of the important species of Curcuma which possess various bioactive compounds that responsible for numerous pharmacological activities. The rhizome which is the most prominent feature of the plant is rich with essential oil. In addition, the leaves of this species also consist of essential oil with various bioactive compounds. This review article is aimed to discuss in-depth on botany, ethnomedicinal uses, geographical distribution, propagation, phytochemical studies, pharmacological activities and toxicity of C. caesia. The phytochemical studies revealed that a total of 17 functional groups were detected from rhizome extract of C. caesia. The pharmacological studies conducted demonstrated that C. caesia extract exhibited anti-acne, analgesic, anthelmintic, anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, antiproliferative, anticancer, antiulcer, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects. Furthermore, toxicity studies revealed that C. caesia extract is safe for consumption and does not cause toxicity.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Comparative inhibitory screening of phytoconstituents from Capparis
decidua against various ailments targets: a novel In-silico semblance
ADME/Tox profiling studies-
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Abstract: Abstract Capparis decidua is a valuable medicinal, xerophytic plant. We aim for the first time to compare the therapeutic potency of phytochemicals employing In-silico semblance, and ADME/Tox profiling studies. A solid computational strategy may ensure financial benefits in the phases of drug development, as well as innovation and reliable outcomes. This work investigated analgesic hypocholesterolemia, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory potency of Capparis decidua (CD) extract using MeOH:nH:EtAc (1:1:1, v:v:v) a solvent. Hence, GC–MS were used to characterize CD extract, and further, based on Ligand–Protein interaction, revealed Campesterol as a major inhibitor found to be possessing a higher interaction affinity (In kcal/mole; 2OYE; − 13.4, 1IR3; − 8.4, 3QNT; − 11.3, 3NUP; − 12.3, respectively), which leads to higher therapeutic potential. Further, various components were found to be bioactive including Neophytadiene, Palmitoleic acid, á-Sitosterol, Oleic acid, Rhodopin, 17-Pentatriacontene, Squalene, Piperine, 1-and, Eicosanol. Our results burlier proponent that Capparis decidua could help as a pain reliever, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemia problem, but more research is needed.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Pharmacognostic and pharmacological perspectives of Leea macrophyla roxb.
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Abstract: Abstract The proposed work on Leea macrophyla Roxb (family: Leeaceae) is mainly focused on two different streams, first towards the pharmacognostic profile and second on pharmacological evaluation. The pharmacognostic profile involves the study of both macroscopy and microscopy of leaf, stem, and tuberous roots. Secondly, extract of adventitious tuberous roots of the plant was used for pharmacological screening of anti-inflammatory (in-vivo), antimicrobial (in-vitro), and antioxidant (in-vitro) potential. Morphologically, it is observed that L. macrophyla is an herb with erect stem, broadly ovate leaf with greenish-white inflorescence. Microscopically, the leaf can be characterized by anisocytic stomata, calcium oxalate crystals, and the absence of trichomes. The typical characteristics of the stem include outer thick ridges, secondary phloem, medullary rays, and pith. The rhizomes contain the outer epidermis is replaced with dark crushed cells, central pith, and disintegrated parenchymatous cells.The extract exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory potency in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Antimicrobial activity was involved cup plate technique against gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal organisms. The study observed good inhibitory activity against S. aureus (15 ± 0.15 mm), B. subtilis (14 ± 0.13 mm), and E.coli (15 ± 0.16 mm). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging method was used to explore antioxidant potential against ascorbic acid as standard. The IC50 values obtained from the antioxidant potency were observed to be 18 ± 0.33, 12 ± 0.66% for DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay respectively. As L. macrophyla with assumption on the traditional curative assurance, it shows significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant potency.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Amaranthus spinosus (Spiny Pigweed) methanol leaf extract alleviates
oxidative and inflammation induced by doxorubicin in male sprague dawley
rats-
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Abstract: Abstract This study evaluated the ameliorative effect of Amaranthus spinosus leaf methanol extract (ASLME) against doxorubicin-induced multi-organ damage in Sprague Dawley Rats. Forty-nine (49) male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly stratified into 7 groups with 7 rats per group. Groups A and B received distilled water for 7 days. Groups C, D, and E were pretreated for 7 days with 200 mg/kg silymarin, 500 and 1000 mg/kg ASLME, respectively followed by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg doxorubicin (DOX) to groups B, C, D, and E on the 8th day. Groups F and G were orally administered 500 and 1000 mg/kg ASLME respectively for 7 days with an intraperitoneal injection of distilled water on the 8th day. After 48 h of DOX administration, blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture, and organs were excised for biochemical and histopathological assays. Pretreatment with ASLME decreased the levels of tissues malondialdehyde and nitric oxide as well as serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) with a concomitant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tissues reduced glutathione in a dose-dependent manner compared to group B. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the ASLME pretreated groups as well as groups F and G when compared to group B. Administration of doxorubicin induced degenerative hepatic, nephrotic and cardiac biomarkers and histological changes in Group B, while remarkable reversal of these pathological features was observed in groups pretreated with ASLME. Our findings suggest the chemo-protective effect of ASLME against doxorubicin-induced multi-organ damage, by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Protein nanoparticles as natural drugs carriers for cancer therapy
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Abstract: Abstract Nanoscale drug carriers are useful in improving the bioavilability, targeting delivery, and controlling the release of the loaded drug. Polymers from natural sources possess favourable properties such as adaptability and safety for usage as nanosized drug delivery carriers and as substitutes of synthetic polymers. The use of a biomaterial imparts special biopharmaceutical characteristics to the formulation and changes the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the entrapped medication. Proteins appear as promising raw materials in this approach because of their extensive availability from renewable sources, low cost, and ability to be chemically modified, ligand conjugation and degraded into harmless by-products. Furthermore, protein nanocarriers have several benefits, including high drug-binding capability and specific tumour targeting using different ligands. This review discusses the properties of different protein biopolymers such as albumin, gelatin, zein, gliadin, casein, collagen, elastin and whey protein. The study focuses on the most relevant applications of the protein nanoparticles loading agents with antitumeric effect. Furthermore, the review summarises the primary findings of tumour-targeted protein nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo studies.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Traditional herbal medicine: overview of research indexed in the scopus
database-
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Abstract: Abstract Traditional herbal medicine has been playing an essential role in primary health care globally. The aim of this work is to present an overview of traditional herbal medicine research productivity over the past years. The data was accessed from the Scopus database (www.scopus.com), while VOSviewer.Var1.6.6, Bibliometrix, and R studio were used for further analysis of the obtained data. The results showed that researches on traditional herbal medicine increased annually after 1990, followed by a corresponding increase in global citations during the period, with a total of 22,071 authors contributing to all the publications. Yiling Wang of Shanghai Institute of Drug Control, Shanghai, China was the most productive author (TNP = 303), while Journal of “Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine”, and “Journal of Ethnopharmacology” were the top ranked journals, respectively. Also, China, Japan, and India were found to be the top Corresponding Author's Countries for researches on traditional herbal medicine, as Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and China Medical University were top affiliations. Moreover, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, and Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan were top funding agencies, with more than 100 documents. The bibliometric research study has revealed an annual increasing trend in traditional herbal medicine, while also revealing that the topmost ranked authors and funding agencies were from Asia especially China.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- A systematic documentation on a rare medicinal plant Acacia ferruginea: a
ready reckoner-
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Abstract: The key ingredients in a wide range of Ayurvedic, Siddha, and homeopathic medications are medicinal plants which have an impact on the treatment wide range of ailments and disorders while also contributing to humanity’s overall health. To obtain commercial value and worldwide acceptance, herbal medications must contain standardized extracts. Documenting the physico-chemical, chemical, and biological features of legitimate medicinal plants/extracts are one of the existing standardization procedures. Acacia, a large genus housing about 160 species, belongs to the Fabaceae family. Acacia ferruginea, a potential herb with medicinal utilization is endemic to the tropical region. Plants have been exploited as a viable medicine formulation source due to advances in phytochemistry over the last few decades. The present documentation intends to recapitulate detailed information on the plant comprising morphological features, physico-chemical characteristics, phytochemical composition and pharmaceutical properties reported through scientific validation and along with its cultivation and conservation challenges. The goal of this study is to detail the medical benefits and phytochemical potential of Acacia ferruginea, and conscientious efforts are needed to explore its benefits and validation of its traditional uses through clinical applications. The current documentation robustly covers the literature on A. ferruginea from 1965 to Dec 2021 and also includes findings of our recent studies on this plant. Providing up-to-date information on its botanical aspects for easy recognition of the plant, as well as its historical background/origin along with our original findings and the assessment comprises investigations that have been on the plant’s numerous qualities and activities. The presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins is revealed by qualitative/quantitative studies. The bark of the plant has been extensively studied and the plant possesses antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-haemorrhoidal, and larvicidal properties. This precise record of details pertaining to standardization of extracts of A. ferruginea will assist producers of natural formulations as a ready reckoner. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Tetrapleura tetraptera curtails oxidative and proinflammatory biochemical
events in lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus-
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Abstract: Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub. (Fabaceae), commonly known as Aidan is ethnopharmacologically used for the management of health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, leprosy, epilepsy, and stroke in Nigeria. This study evaluated the anti-oxidoinflammatory properties of T. tetraptera methanol leaf extract (TTE) in lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in Wistar rats. The extract was phytochemically screened and HPLC fingerprinting was performed. Animals were intraperitoneally administered with 127 mg/kg lithium chloride followed by 25 mg/kg pilocarpine 20 h later to induce status epilepticus. The animals were post treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg TTE with 10 mg/kg valproic acid as the reference standard drug. Phytochemical screening of TTE confirmed the presence of tannins, phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and steroids. Quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant analyses of the extract indicated significant in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. HPLC analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of aridanin and polyphenols. TTE ameliorated redox imbalance by increasing markers for oxidative stress such as ferric reducing antioxidant power, glutathione level, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities. Moreover, TTE ameliorated pro-inflammatory events by reducing the level of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide, attenuating lipid peroxidation (which produces inflammatory lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes), and decreasing the activities of xanthine oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase in the brain. These results indicated that the leaf of Tetrapleura tetraptera has therapeutic potential against status epilepticus by reversing oxidoinflammatory events. Tetrapleura tetraptera leaf extracts could be used to produce novel plant-based pharmaceuticals for treating status epilepticus and associated disorders. Graphic abstract 
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Antiamnesic effect of Mesua ferrea (L.) flowers on scopolamine-induced
memory impairment and oxidative stress in rats-
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Abstract: Abstract Mesua ferrea Linn. flowers have been used in Ayurveda as a brain tonic and as an ingredient in memory-enhancing formulations such as Brahma Rasayan and Chyawanprash. However, this ethnomedicinal use has not been investigated scientifically. This study evaluated the effect of the ethanolic extract of Mesua ferrea flowers (MFE) on memory in scopolamine-induced models of cognitive dysfunction. MFE was administered to rats (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) for a period of 14 days, after which amnesia was induced by giving scopolamine (1 mg/kg, s.c) on the 14th day. Piracetam (200 mg/kg, p.o) was given as a positive control. The models employed to assess memory in the rats were the T-maze continuous alternation task (T-CAT) and novel object recognition test (NORT). Pretreatment with MFE ameliorated the memory deficit caused by scopolamine; which was evidenced by a significantly greater relative proportion of spontaneous alternation percentage in the T-CAT, and a significant increase of discrimination index in the NORT. Further, MFE significantly inhibited anticholinesterase activity in the brain, elevated the levels of reduced glutathione and catalase, and decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite levels in the brain. The results of this study show that MFE exhibited significant anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities in scopolamine treated rats, which could be the possible underlying mechanism of its memory-enhancing activity and of its ethnomedicinal use as a brain tonic.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
- Inferences of actinobacterial metabolites to combat Corona virus
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Abstract: Abstract The entire globe is reeling under the magnitude of the current corona virus pandemic. This menace has proposed severe health and economic threats for all, thereby challenging our human existence itself. Since its outbreak, it has raised the concern and imperative need of developing novel and effective agents to combat viral diseases and now its variants as well. Despite the sincere and concerted efforts of scientists and pharma giants all over the world, there seems to be no ideal recourse found till date. Natural products are rich sources of novel compounds used in the treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases. There are reports on natural products from microbes, plants and marine organisms that are active against viral targets. Actinobacteria, the largest phylum under the bacterial kingdom, is known for its secondary metabolite production with diverse bioactive potentials. Nearly 65% of antibiotics used in medicine are contributed by Actinobacteria. Compared to antibacterial and antifungal agents, antiviral compounds from Actinobacteria are less studied. In recent years Actinobacteria from under studied/extreme ecosystems are explored for their antiviral properties. Ivermectin and teicoplanin are examples of Actinobacteria-derived antiviral drugs available for commercial use. This review highlights the importance of actinobacteria as future sources of antiviral drug discovery.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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