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- Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory potential of zingiber officinale on
adjuvant-induced arthritis-
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Abstract: Abstract Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an herb utilized all over the world for its extensive phytochemical properties. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale. Arthritis was induced in the rats used in the experiment using Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to screen for bioactive components present in ginger. For ten days, Zingiber officinale ethanolic extract (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to the rats. Edema in the paws was measured before and 10 days after Zingiber officinale treatment in order to identify pathological alterations. Additionally, cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were assessed in plasma. When compared to the control group, the CFA-arthritis induced group had edema in their paws and knee joints considerably reduced upon treated with Zingiber officinale at days 6, 8, and 10. Rats in the groups given Zingiber officinale also showed a significant decrease in cytokine levels and also recovered from the pathological alterations brought on by CFA. Twenty bioactive metabolites were found when the extracts of the ethanol, hexane, and chloroform was analyzed using GC-MS. There were no carbohydrates or steroids in the chloroform and n-hexane extract. Protein and cardiac glycoside were also missing. In summary, our findings demonstrated that Zingiber officinale treatment was successful in preventing CFA-induced arthritis through its cytokine level regulation anti-inflammatory property.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00779-6
- Anticancer potential of Calligonum comosum L.’Her. and Calligonum
crinitum Boiss plants from United Arab Emirates-
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Abstract: Abstract Indigenous plants from arid regions are known for their diverse applications in traditional medicine. These plants are particularly promising as potential anticancer agents due to their ability to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites. The present study addressed the problem of identifying and evaluating the anticancer properties of crude extracts from indigenous arid-region plants, Calligonum comosum L.’Her. and Calligonum crinitum Boiss., to determine their efficacy against human breast (MCF-7) and human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell lines. Through various solvent-treated leaf extracts, including hexane, methanol, acetone, and chloroform, we aimed to determine the antiproliferative activities and identify extracts with promising efficacy in inhibiting cancer cell viability. The morphological changes and anticancer effects induced by these solvent-treated C. comosum and C. crinitum leaf extracts were investigated. Our results indicated that the use of acetone isolated leaf extracts on the MCF-7 cells displayed apoptotic morphological changes. Similarly, the MTT cytotoxicity assay revealed that the acetone-treated extracts of C. comosum and C. crinitum showed a significant inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cell lines, with IC50 values of 24.62 μg/ml and 23.41 μg/ml, respectively. Conversely, the other solvents resulted in higher IC50 values for inhibiting the MCF-7 cell proliferation. While for the Caco-2 cell lines, we observed remarkable antiproliferation activity, with IC50 values of 37.76 µg/ml and 74.88 µg/ml for the C. comosum and C. crinitum chloroform-isolated extracts, respectively, in comparison to the hexane, methanol, and acetone-isolated extracts. These findings suggest that the extracts of C. comosum and C. crinitum possess significant potential for inhibiting the viability of MCF-7 and Caco-2 cancer cell lines, indicating their possible use as anticancer agents.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00773-y
- Anticancer effect of ethanolic extract of Rheum ribes L. rhizomes:
assessment of dose and time-dependent effects in cell-based models-
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Abstract: Introduction Medicinal plants have been traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases including cancer, however, their IC50 determined in vitro are hardly attained in patients. Rheum ribes L. is an indigenous medicinal plant shown to possess anticancer activity due to high polyphenolic compounds abundance. Our objective was to assess if long-term exposure to plant extract concentrations lower than IC50 may still possess an anticancer potential. Methods We used the ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Rheum ribes L. (EERR) and assessed its effect on proliferation, clonogenicity, and senescence in cell lines-based models. Results Our results showed that EERR has a short-term antiproliferative activity on non-small cell lung carcinoma A549, breast cancer MCF7, and glioblastoma SF268 cell lines with IC50 varying from 100 to 255 µg/mL. Additionally, EERR decreased the population doubling level and the clonogenic ability of the three cancer cell lines at lower concentrations (10 to 100 µg/mL) and with longer treatment protocols. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, suggesting that EERR induces senescence at these concentrations. Conclusion EERR displayed anticancer activity at concentrations 2- to 10-fold lower than the IC50 in three different cancer cell lines and should be further investigated as it may provide novel therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2024-07-30
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00772-z
- Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extracts attenuate adrenaline-induced myocardial
cell injury via modulation of cardio-inflammatory biomarkers in Wistar
rats-
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Abstract: Abstract Myocardial injury (MI) has remain a global concern due to high mortality rate associated with cardiovascular diseases. Jatropha tanjorensis (J. tanjorensis) is a medicinal herb with proven medicinal properties. This study investigated the level of cardio-inflammatory response in adrenaline-induced MI in rats treated with J. tanjorensis. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5). Group 1 served as Control. Group 2 was induced with MI using 2 mg/kg bodyweight of adrenaline administered subcutaneously for two days at 24 h interval between the first and second administrations. Group 3 received 200 mg/kg body weight of methanol extract of J. tanjorensis orally for 14days while Group 4 were induced with MI using 2 mg/kg body weight of adrenaline and treated with 200 mg/kg of J. tanjorensis leaf extract for 14 days. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. J. tanjorensis reduced adrenaline-induced MI by lowering serum concentration of ALT, AST and ALP, pro-inflammatory (MDA, CRP and IL-6) and cardiac injury markers (CK-MB, Troponin-I). SOD and NO level were also raised in J. tanjorensis-treated animals. The extract also restored histoarchitectural changes in the cardiac muscle. Jatropha tanjorensis mitigates cardio-inflammatory response and restores cyto-architecture of the cardiac muscle in adrenaline-induced MI rats.
PubDate: 2024-07-26
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00776-9
- Cytotoxicity and apoptotic effect of Methanolic extract of Red Sea
seagrass, Enhalus acoroides (Linn.f.) Royle, against hepatocellular
carcinoma cell line (HepG-2) and phytochemical characterization-
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Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma is considered as one of the most serious cancer types. The main objective of this research is to explore Enhalus acoroides (EA) (L.f.) Royle’s cytotoxic effects and methods of action on HepG-2 (hepatocellular carcinoma cell line). For the purpose of identifying the phenolic compounds in EA, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied. Using the MTT assay, the anti-proliferative effects on HepG-2 were assessed. The cell cycle arrest and apoptotic processes were investigated using flow cytometry. An analysis was performed to determine how seagrass influenced the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM). The impact of Caspases 3/7 was evaluated using the colorimetric assay. Finally, the expression level of gene expression using quantitative RT-PCR was investigated. The seagrass alcoholic extract effectively and concentration-dependently reduced the growth of HepG-2 cells without inflicting any adverse effects to normal human skin fibroblast HSF. EA primarily triggers apoptosis which results in cell death. A significant decrease in the G0/G1 phase and an increase of cells at S phase were indicators of the S phase cell cycle arrest. The results reflected the depletion in (ΔψM) in HepG-2 dose-dependently. Following therapy for 24 h, caspase 3/7 activities were enhanced. In conclusion, a quantitative real-time RT-PCR investigation for EA seagrass on HepG-2 demonstrated downregulated expression levels of the survival, BCL-2, CDC-2, and CC2DA1 genes. Collectively, the seagrass EA shows great promise as a hepatocellular cancer treatment and possesses the capacity to induce apoptosis in HepG-2. Graphical 
PubDate: 2024-07-24
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00775-w
- Comparative efficacy of four potent bioactive molecules of fenugreek seed
in holistic management of type 1 diabetes-
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Abstract: Abstract Fenugreek seed extract (FSE) is known to possess antidiabetic properties. The current study evaluated the comparative potency of 4 different components of FSE (Trigonelline, 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, Diosgenin, and Galactomannan) in amelioration of diabetes-induced hyperglycaemia; metabolic and stress disorders. FSE and the four bioactives were fed to normal and alloxan-induced type-1 diabetic rats for four weeks. Changes in pancreatic hormones, lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes, and expression of Glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) and Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) were evaluated. Key findings revealed the highest levels of serum insulin and GLP-1; islet cell regeneration, increased Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme inhibition, significant recovery of GLUT-2 and GLP-1R expression, and maximum levels of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) in trigonelline fed diabetic rats. The same bioactive also caused the maximum increase in various antioxidant enzymes with decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in diabetic rats. The 4-Hydroxyisoleucine showed antidiabetic properties either equal to or less significantly as compared to trigonelline. Diosgenin on the other hand caused maximum stimulation only in lipid metabolism whereas galactomannan couldn’t produce significant changes in any parameters over the other 3 components. The results indicated trigonelline is the most desirable component of FSE and may be used as a phytotherapeutic agent for the holistic management of type-1 diabetes.
PubDate: 2024-07-19
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00774-x
- In-vitro and in-silico evaluation of anticancer potential of Oxalis
corniculata-
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Abstract: Abstract Plant secondary metabolites have been gaining significant attention as potential cancer therapeutics in recent years. In several cases, these are present in plants that are commonly found in the surrounding environment. This study explores the anticancer properties of the methanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata, a common creeper plant known to have medicinal properties. The phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed by biochemical tests and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Cytotoxicity studies on the HCT-116 cell line have shown that the extract can inhibit cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 119.498 µg/mL. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, it has been observed that two constituents of the extract namely Desulphosinigrin and d-Glycero-d-ido-heptose exhibit strong and specific interactions with the caspase binding site of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Thus, these compounds may be capable of inhibiting XIAP in the cellular environment, thereby promoting apoptosis, resulting in the death of cancer cells. 
PubDate: 2024-07-15
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00777-8
- A comprehensive review on pleiotropic effects and therapeutic potential of
soy lecithin-
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Abstract: Abstract Lecithin is one of the most useful and valuable by-products of the oilseed industry and has long been a crucial component of a wide range of both food and non-food items. Lecithin obtained from soybean (Soy) is called soy lecithin and is composed of triglycerides, fatty acids, pigments, sterols, steroid glycosides, esters, tocopherols, and carbohydrates. Lecithin serves a variety of industrial purposes in food as well as non-food industries. Soy lecithin has grown in importance as a component of nutraceuticals and food supplements during the past few decades. Soy lecithin primarily consists of phospholipids including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS) which plays a major role in biological and structural processes such as cellular signalling and membrane transport. Soy lecithin has exceptional biocompatibility and is amphipathic in nature. Because of these special qualities, soy lecithin is best suited to be used as a major pharmacological excipient, and it is broadly used in drug delivery systems. It also has a significant role in medicine as it is an antioxidant, increases biliary secretions, maintains cholesterol levels, storehouse of choline, and supports the synthesis of crucial neurotransmitters involved in memory recall and storage. The core intent of this review is to investigate and update the information on the therapeutic importance of soy lecithin and highlight its various other commercial roles in the pharmaceutical industries and food industries.
PubDate: 2024-07-13
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00770-1
- Effect of a traditional herbal formulation (Azaraghi Majoon) on opium use
disorder in male rats-
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Abstract: Abstract Opium Use Disorder (OUD) has the highest rate of opioid use disorder in Iran. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Azaraghi Majoon (AM), a traditional Persian compound, on a rat model of OUD. AM was prepared from a combination of 14 herbs plus honey, standardized by strychnine and brucine using high-performance liquid chromatography, and administered by gavage. One hundred twenty male mice were used to investigate the effect of AM on the manifestations of opium withdrawal syndrome and craving for opium. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs and conditioned place preference (CPP) test were used to assess the scopes mentioned above of OUD, respectively. A modified schedule of opium dependence was used to assess physical dependence (last for eight days). 50 mg/ml/kg intraperitoneal opium and 50, 100, or 150 mg/ml/kg gavaged AM in different groups were administered in the CPP paradigm. In the CPP test, treating opium-addicted animals with AM (50 and 150 mg/kg for time and 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg for frequency) resulted in the extinction of preference for drug compartments. Also, the administration of AM decreased the number of jumping, diarrhea, rearing, and grooming following naloxone-precipitated opium withdrawal signs. As AM could improve both physical and psychological withdrawal signs of opium use disorder in rats in this study, the authors suggest consideration of clinical trials to investigate possible beneficial effects of AM in OUD patients.
PubDate: 2024-07-06
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00771-0
- Validation of the constitution in Chinese medicine questionnaires with the
newly developed blood-vacuity category: a rare Taiwanese case study-
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Abstract: Abstract The concept of body constitution (BC) is a core notion in traditional Chinese medicine, used in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention; however, there is little standardization in terms of definitions and measurements. To improve standardization, constructive questionnaires have been developed to classify the various BC types. One of the most commonly used is the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ). Despite including nine BCs, CCMQ lacks the blood-vacuity constitution, although it is often noted in clinical practice. In this study, we have modified the original CCMQ to include the blood-vacuity constitution and amended the language to better suit the Taiwan population. The revised questionnaire was given to a panel of experts to check for content validity, and then distributed to volunteers for completion. The reliability analysis, based on 512 valid questionnaires, achieved a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.65–0.86. The content validity index scores ranged from 60 to 100. In addition, we collected demographic data from our volunteers and found that BMI, gender, exercise frequency, disease status, allergies, and psychiatric disorder status may impact the body constitution. Collectively, our study presents an expanded version of the CCMQ which includes the blood-vacuity constitution, and has been validated among the Taiwanese population. Demographic data also demonstrates possible relationships among BC, lifestyle and diseases.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00769-8
- Phyto-chemical, analytical evaluation and biological attributes of rare
medicinal species of flowering shrub Bauhinia racemosa L.-
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Abstract: Abstract The current investigation compared the efficacy of an ethanol extract of B. racemosa L. leaf against standard bacterial and fungal cultures. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of Phenol, Flavonoid and Tanin was studied by the appropriate methods; Heavy metal test was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer; Antimicrobial activity was done by disc diffusion and agar well diffusion method; MIC through 96 well method and antioxidant assay was performed by DPPH and ABTS. Ethanol extract of B. racemosa L. showed significantly higher inhibitory effect against E. coli, S. aureus and B. cereus, and moderate antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, but it was inactive on fungal strain at lower concentrations. The minimum bactericidal concentration of B. racemosa L. extract against the pathogenic bacteria tested was 1.25 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa, 2.5 mg/ml for E. coli and 5 mg/ml for B. cereus, K. pnuemoniae, and S. aureus. The extract has exhibited antioxidant activity which was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS as 61.61 ± 0.61 and 64.45 ± 0.49% of inhibition in 250 µg/ml concentration. Prominent phytochemical bioconstituents, as determined by phytochemical investigation, comprise flavonoids (8.712 ± 0.7 mg/g Rutin equivalents), tannins (2.930 ± 0.73 mg/g Tannic acid equivalents) and phenol (12.06 ± 0.25 mg/g Gallic acid equivalents) etc. Lethality experiment was performed by using brine shrimp to determine the cytotoxicity of plant extract and the substantial mortality rate observed as LC50 = 22.8435 µg/mL. The result of fluorescence analysis showed various shades of green and brown fluorescence in visible light and various shades of green, blue and brown were found under UV light. HPTLC, FTIR and GCMS were done to find out the bioactive phytocompounds.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00761-2
- A systematic review of the efficacy of herbal medicines in the treatment
of acute diarrhea-
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Abstract: Abstract Acute diarrhea is a global health challenge, especially in developing regions. It accounted for 444,000 child mortalities in 2021, and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in its management is reported to contribute significantly to increase in antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study was to identify herbal drugs which are efficacious in acute diarrhea treatment. This systematic review assessed the efficacy of herbal medicines in treating acute diarrhea through the analysis of randomized controlled trials. The review followed PRISMA and the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Literature search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central, and a clinical trial registry for studies involving human subjects with acute diarrhea and herbal medicine (HM) interventions. Primary outcome measures included stool consistency, stool frequency, duration of diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and pyrexia. The search found 2581 articles, of which 9 involving 916 participants (72% children, 27% adults) were analyzed. The studies span 1976–2022, and assessed: Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense), Rheum ribes L. (rhubarb), Camellia sinensis (black tea), Potentilla tormentilla (Septfoil), apple pectin-chamomile extract, kaolin-pectin, Dirasif (multi-herbal preparation), Psidium guajava (guava folia), and Dowdo (wheat and milk herbal feed). The studies had varying participant age ranges, diarrhea causes, and risks of bias. Only C. sinensis was able to reduce stool consistency, while R. ribes and B. serrata reduced diarrhea duration significantly. Other HMs had positive effects on abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and pyrexia. Studies on C. sinensis B. serrata extract, R. ribes, and P. tormentilla extract demonstrated significant efficacy and, low to moderate risk of bias.
PubDate: 2024-06-26
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00766-x
- Correction to: Unveiling the potential antibacterial mechanism of
Melaleuca cajuputi leaf extract by cell morphology studies and molecular
docking analysis-
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PubDate: 2024-06-24
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00767-w
- Unravelling therapeutic potential and nano formulation approaches of
farnesol, a bioactive sesquiterpene-
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Abstract: Abstract Historically natural compounds and their structural equivalents have significantly contributed to pharmacotherapy. Sesquiterpenes, the C15-terpenoids are the source of many modern pharmaceuticals and therapeutic medications. These are mostly present in higher plants as well as other living systems including fungi and marine animals. They exist naturally as hydrocarbons or in oxygenated forms like lactones, alcohols, acids, aldehydes, and ketones. The sesquiterpene alcohol; farnesol isolated from plants like Cymbopogon nardus, Polianthes tuberosa and Cyclamen persicum is a promising biomolecule having immense pharmacological properties. Various studies have shown its potential as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antianxiety, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and anticancer agent. This review summarizes the importance of sesquiterpenes with special reference to pharmacological properties of farnesol, the design and development of its nano formulations such as a nanoparticle, nanogels, nanocomposites, etc., and their efficacy in in vivo and in vitro models.
PubDate: 2024-06-23
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00768-9
- Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. (Moraceae): a review of the
advances in ethnobotanical knowledge, phytochemical composition, and
pharmacological potential-
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Abstract: Maclura tinctoria (Moraceae), commonly known as dinde, is a lactescent tree of significant economic importance with extensive ethnomedicinal and ethnobotanical applications. Among native populations in the Neotropics, dinde is used to address diverse forms of inflammatory arthritis, along with ailments stemming from viral, bacterial, or fungal origins. Its efficacy stands out notably in the treatment of conditions affecting the buccal cavity, respiratory tract, and venereal infections. These medicinal attributes have spurred investigations into their potential for developing nutraceuticals and pharmacological agents. Also, dinde has a commercial appeal intertwined with the remarkable qualities of its wood, which include the resistance to moisture and termites. This review consolidates information encompassing peer-reviewed articles from major scientific databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, Springer, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The review spans fifty-four phytocompounds, characterized by remarkable structural complexity and identified from the year 2000 onward. These compounds are categorized into flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, and xanthones, where a significant portion exhibiting glycosylation or prenylation. Additionally, phenolic acids and condensed tannins contribute to the chemical diversity of this species. This comprehensive review offers updated insights into the potential bioactivity of chemical constituents identified in this plant, elucidating findings derived from different studies employing both in vitro and in vivo assays. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2024-06-20
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00764-z
- Larvicidal and antiplasmodial studies of Eucalyptus camaldulensis
(Myrtaceae) Leaf-
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Abstract: Abstract Eucalyptus camaldulensis is a medicinal plant used as insect repellant and antimalarial agent in ethnomedicine. This study examined the antiplasmodial and larvicidal potential of E. camaldulensis leaf extract and also identified the plant extract's most active fraction(s). The acute oral toxicity test of the methanol extract was evaluated using Lorke’s method. The larvicidal assay was performed on the extract and partitioned fractions according to the 2005 World Health Organization guidelines, while the 4-day chemosuppressive and curative antimalarial assays were carried out against Plasmodium bergei bergei. Endosulphan and chloroquine (10 mg/kg) was used as the positive controls for the larvicidal and antiplasmodial assays, respectively, while tween 80 in normal saline (1%) was the negative control. The methanol leaf extract of EC showed good larvicidal activity across all tested concentrations (LC50 3.79 ± 0.64 mg/mL), while the aqueous fraction with LC50 of 2.80 ± 0.14 mg/mL was the most active. Its acute toxicity test showed it was safe up to 5000 mg/kg. The extract significantly increased dose-dependent antiplasmodial activity for the chemosuppressive and curative models (p < 0.05) than the negative control. At 800 mg/kg, EC gave chemosuppressive (53.69 ± 1.62%) and curative (81.26 ± 1.87%) activities, which was significantly lower than that of 10 mg/kg chloroquine (82.00 ± 0.57% and 92.51 ± 0.22% respectively). The aqueous partitioned fraction gave the highest chemosuppression (73.84 ± 2.73%) at 80 mg/kg, which was comparable to the positive control. The methanol extract of E. camaldulensis leaf is a promising larvicidal and antimalarial agent that could proffer a solution to vector control and the prevalence of malaria.
PubDate: 2024-06-18
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00765-y
- Cecropia obtusifolia: phytopharmacology and its potential use in the
treatment of diseases-
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Abstract: Chronic non-communicable diseases are the primary cause of death globally, with infectious diseases following closely behind. Therefore, efforts are being made worldwide to combat and manage these diseases through the discovery of new treatments, including the exploration of natural products. Cecropia obtusifolia has gained attention due to its pharmacological properties, including hypotensive, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antimalarial effects. These properties have been attributed to the secondary metabolites present, such as chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, and flavonolignans. The plant has demonstrated the ability to lower blood glucose and lipids, reduce blood pressure, and exhibit antiplasmodial activity. Therefore, this report comprehensively reviews the pharmacological effects and potential applications in treating various illnesses. It aims to serve as a reference for further research and the use of this compound as a therapeutic agent. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2024-06-13
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00756-z
- Unveiling the potential antibacterial mechanism of Melaleuca cajuputi leaf
extract by cell morphology studies and molecular docking analysis-
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Abstract: Abstract The antimicrobial properties of the Melaleuca cajuputi plant have been documented. However, the underlying antimicrobial mechanisms remain relatively unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of M. cajuputi leaf extract against selected bacterial strains and unveil the potential antibacterial mechanisms of the most potent sub-fraction through time-kill assay, cell morphology studies, and molecular docking analysis. The fractions and sub-fractions were obtained from the methanolic extract of M. cajuputi leaf by bioassay-guided fractionation. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli using broth microdilution assay. The most potent sub-fraction, Melaleuca fraction 2d (MF2d), demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 0.063 to 0.25 mg/mL and induced significant cellular damage against the tested bacteria. The chemical characterization of the most potent sub-fraction (MF2d) from methanolic extract of M. cajuputi leaf identified five (5) compounds with 2-isopropyl-10-methyl phenanthrene (83.09%) as the major component. In-silico molecular docking analysis revealed that all the docked ligands showed strong binding propensity towards target bacterial proteins, including DNA gyrase (PDB ID: 1ZI0), dihydropteroate synthase (PDB ID: 1AD1), and D-alanyl transferase (PDB ID: 6O93) with the binding energy ranging from − 6.0 to − 8.4 kcal/mol. The overall findings demonstrated the potential of the M. cajuputi plant as a valuable source of novel antibacterial agents.
PubDate: 2024-06-04
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00763-0
- Survey the change of skin surface temperature at the face when using
tonifying or dispersing acupuncture manipulations at dazhui acupoint in
healthy volunteers-
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Abstract: Abstract In addition to stimulating specific acupoints, acupuncture uses manipulations with varying effects. For Dazhui acupoint, tonifying acupuncture clears heat, while dispersing acupuncture dissipates it. This study aims to compare changes in facial skin temperature caused by these techniques in healthy volunteers. The single-blinded, randomized controlled trial involved 57 healthy volunteers aged 18–30, undergoing three sessions of acupuncture with a one-week interval. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups with different acupuncture sequences: sham-tonifying-dispersing, tonifying-dispersing-sham, and dispersing-sham-tonifying. Acupuncture sessions lasted 30 min, and facial skin temperatures were measured at five time points using a FLIR C5 thermal camera. We recorded that tonifying acupuncture at the Dazhui acupoint led to a significant increase from 34.30 °C (33.65–35.20 °C) to 35.40 °C (34.85–35.85 °C) in facial skin temperature while dispersing acupuncture led to a significant decrease from 34.90 °C (33.95–35.65 °C) to 34.00 °C (33.00–34.75 °C). Compared to the sham group, both tonifying and dispersing acupuncture showed significant differences in skin temperature. The variation in skin temperature between tonifying and dispersing acupuncture was also statistically significant. These results show that acupuncture at the Dazhui acupoint can influence facial skin temperature, establishing a relationship between this acupoint and facial physiology. Moreover, the contrasting skin temperature responses to tonifying and dispersing acupuncture techniques at Dazhui validate their distinct physiological effects.
PubDate: 2024-06-03
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-024-00762-1
- Modulatory effect of Justicia secunda leaf extract on hematological
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Abstract: Justicia secunda is a therapeutic plant with acclaimed beneficial health effects including blood-boosting potential. However, scientific evidence from in vivo analyses to buttress such claims have not been exhaustively provided. Herein, we investigated the effect of J. secunda leaf extract on organs, hematology, lipid profile and endogenous antioxidant activity in male rats grouped into seven groups of five animals each. Tween-dissolved extract, in various concentrations (10 mg/kg body weight (bwt), 100 mg/kg bwt, 1000 mg/kg bwt, 1600 mg/kg bwt, 2900 mg/kg bwt and 5000 mg/kg bwt), was orally administered to group II–VII, respectively, whereas group one (fed 20% tween solution only) served as the control. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed while blood was taken for hematological and biochemical assays. The liver, kidney and spleen were also isolated for histopathological analyses. In the sub-chronic toxicity analysis, the LD50 was above 5000 mg/kg bwt. Packed cell volume, red blood cell and hemoglobin increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group II and IV compared with the other administered groups. No significant difference was observed in the activity of ALT, AST, ALP and creatinine (p < 0.05) across the groups administered 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg bwt extract relative to the control. The activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde was higher in the administered groups than the control. Cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was increased in a dose dependent manner in the treated rats. However, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was reduced. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2024-06-01
DOI: 10.1007/s13596-023-00716-z
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