Authors:R. Mastuti , A. Munawarti , D. Siswanto Pages: 1 - 13 Abstract: The success of the in vitro culture technique is influenced by many factors, including the type of explants, culture medium and exogenous plant growth regulators (PGR). These factors greatly influence the speed and effectiveness of plant regeneration as well as the profile of the phytochemical compounds produced. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the PGR combination on the growth response of in vitro node explants as well as the phytochemical profiles of Ocimum sp. Node explants obtained from 2 weeks old in vitro seedlings were cultured on MS medium with the addition of PGR, namely BAP and Kinetin (0.2 and 5 mg/l) combined with NAA (0.1 and 0.2 mg/l) and synthetic cytokinins alone namely Thidiazuron (TDZ) (1, 3, and 5 mg/l). The growth response of the explants and the potential for regeneration were observed for 8 weeks of culture. Effects of adding activated charcoal (AC) to root media were observed on growth of plantlets aged 2 weeks. Phytochemical profile of In vitro shoot was analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS to be compared with its profile in in vitro callus tissue. The results showed that MS medium with the addition of a combination of cytokinin and auxin was able to induce shoot regeneration in node explants of Ocimum sp. in vitro. The Kinetin/NAA combination produced better shoot height growth, while the BAP/NAA combination produced a higher leaves number. Thidiazuron at all concentrations was able to induce shoots that were more likely to form rosettes. The addition of AC to the rooting medium did not have a positive effect on the response of shoot and plantlet growth. Chromatographic screening showed different profiles of secondary compounds in the callus and shoot tissues of Ocimum sp. in vitro. Callus composed of actively dividing cells do not produce some of the secondary compounds as produced by in vitro shoots. This shows the difference in the potential of cells or tissues in synthesizing secondary metabolites. PubDate: 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81150 Issue No:Vol. 34, No. 8 (2023)
Authors:Abigail Funlayo Adepoju , Ibrahim Olalekan Sobowale , Omotayo Olalekan Adenuga Pages: 14 - 20 Abstract: Coffee plays an important role in the global economy, human health and society. It is one of the major cash crops constituting the backbone of the Nigerian economy before the emergence and re-emergence of petroleum oil. Molecular markers are reliable and valuable tool for analyzing polymorphism, screening and selection of desirable genotypes in breeding programs. The study aimed at determining the genetic diversity among coffee genotypes. Fifty genotypes of coffee (Coffea spp) collected from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) germplasm were assessed using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The findings revealed that polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged between 0.311 and 0.882 with an average of 0.545. The gene diversity (0.602) was high and the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Analysis using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped the genotypes into four major clusters with subclusters. The results revealed high levels of polymorphism indicating genetic diversity and confirm uniqueness among the coffee genotypes. PubDate: 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81151 Issue No:Vol. 34, No. 8 (2023)
Authors:Frenk B. Paschal , Elisa D. Mwega, Gaymary G. Bakari Pages: 21 - 41 Abstract: Introduction: In overcoming a catastrophic disaster of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many researchers are interested with safe and active antimicrobial medicinal plants. Objective: This study aimed to identify medicinal plants used for treatment of Urinary tract infection (UTI) through ethnobotanical survey, conducted in Biharamulo district at Kagera region in Tanzania. Materials and Methods: To assess the societal awareness on UTI and its curative herbs, semi-structured questionnaires were employed. UTI herbs were identified and collected. The ethnobotanical data were analysed by using Chi-square test in SPSS version 16. Awareness of participants were justified at the statistical significance difference of p-values < 0.05. Results: The study found most participants to have awareness on UTI and its medicinal plants, because they identified clinical signs (85.2%), mode of transmission and aetiology (41%), UTI herbs (99.5%) and most of them used herbs to treat UTI for 92.8%. Out of the 42 medicinal plants claimed and identified for treating UTI, 29 (69%) of them had pharmacological supported for treating UTI or related antimicrobial infections that were attributed to constituted phytochemicals in literature reviews. The 42 medicinal plants belonged in 20 families where by the dominant were Myrtaceae, Leguminosae and Lamiaceae, each one composed 15%. Therapeutically, S. guineense, S. cordatum, C. citrinus, T. mollis, T. cercea, X. caffra, A. muricata, P. granatum, J. mimosifolia and N. macrophylla was documented by the present study for elicit strong antimicrobial activities against UTI microbes. Conclusion: Findings from this study concurred with the previous ones that the society had awareness on UTI and its medicinal plants. The study results were significantly justified and supported the uses of selected medicinal plants for treating UTI with microbial efficacies as claimed by traditional healers and herbalists, hence this study might provide a direction and scope for further discovery of new UTI drugs. PubDate: 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81152 Issue No:Vol. 34, No. 8 (2023)
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