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  Subjects -> PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY (Total: 575 journals)
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Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy
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ISSN (Print) 1683-4100 - ISSN (Online) 2542-1875
Published by Eco-Vector LLC Homepage  [15 journals]
  • Analgesic activity of new ligands of the NMDA receptor complex
         This is an Open Access Article Open Access Article

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      Authors: Ekaterina E. Yakovleva, Mekhriniso T. Kamalova, Mariia A. Brusina, Evgenii R. Bychkov, Levon B. Piotrovskiy, Petr D. Shabanov
      Pages: 171 - 178
      Abstract: BACKGROUND: The activation of spinal cord NMDA receptors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pain. Therefore, the use of existing NMDA antagonists in analgesic schemes and the development of new compounds targeting the NMDA receptor complex are gaining attention. New ligands of the glutamate NMDA receptor complex are derivatives of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid. The conformational rigidity of the molecules of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives allows for increased selectivity of interaction and reduced side effects. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of new ligands of the glutamate NMDA receptor complex, which are derivatives of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, in rats using the tail-flick test and the formalin test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analgesic activity of the compounds was examined in a model of acute somatic (thermal) pain in the tail-flick test and model of somatic pain induced by algogens in the formalin test. The tested compounds (IEM-303 and IEM-2044) were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg. Мetamizole was used as the comparison drug. RESULTS: The experiments demonstrated a significant dose-dependent analgesic effect of the tested compounds on the experimental models of acute pain at doses of 5–20 mg/kg. The tail-flick latency increased by 1.4–1.7 times in the IEM-2044 and IEM-303 groups compared with the value in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The analgesic activity of the tested compounds at 10–20 mg/kg doses was comparable to that of metamizole, indicating the prospect of developing these agents and further searching for effective and safe analgesics in this pharmacological class.
      PubDate: 2024-07-22
      DOI: 10.17816/RCF624859
      Issue No: Vol. 22, No. 2 (2024)
       
  • Involvement of Bdnf, Ntrk2 and Pi3k in the mechanism of binge eating after
           psychogenic stressors in ontogenesis

         This is an Open Access Article Open Access Article

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      Authors: Aleksey V. Lizunov, Andrey A. Lebedev, Sarng S. Pyurveev, Natalia D. Nadbitova, Vladanka A. Goltz, Edgar A. Sekste, Evgenii R. Bychkov, Viktor A. Lebedev, Natalia R. Evdokimova, Petr D. Shabanov
      Pages: 179 - 189
      Abstract: BACKGROUND: The study of the neurochemical mechanisms of food addiction provides experimental modeling of some of its clinical manifestations. AIM: This study aimed to examine the effect of binge eating after maternal deprivation or after rearing in social isolation on the expression of Bdnf, Ntrk2, and Pi3k in the hypothalamus of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals aged 2–12 days were weaned from their mother for 10 days at 180 min, and males aged 90–100 days were used in the experiments. Another group of animals was reared in individual cages from day 21 after birth, and males aged 90–100 days were used in the experiments. To induce binge eating, the animals received a high-carbohydrate feed (chocolate spread) for 1 h every day or every third day within 30 days. Fifteen minutes before feeding, the paste was placed 5 cm within visual contact. RESULTS: In groups with intermittent exposure to high-calorie food (the animals received pasta every third day), polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the expression of the Bdnf, Ntrk2, and Pi3k in the hypothalamus. The expression level of Bdnf was higher in the maternal deprivation group than in the control group. The expression levels of Ntrk2 and Pi3k in rats taking a high-carbohydrate feed were higher in animals reared in isolation than in those reared in the community. CONCLUSIONS: The results present new pathways for the synthesis of peptide drugs associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway for the correction of food addiction caused by psychogenic stress in ontogenesis.
      PubDate: 2024-07-22
      DOI: 10.17816/RCF625676
      Issue No: Vol. 22, No. 2 (2024)
       
  • Kiss1 kisspeptin of bony fish and mammalian kisspeptin analogs enhance the
           communicative behavior of Danio rerio induced by social isolation

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      Authors: Vladanka A. Goltz, Andrey А. Lebedev, Sergei O. Eresko, Marat I. Airapetov, Sarng S. Pyurveev, Evgenii R. Bychkov, Alekber A. Bayramov, Viktor A. Lebedev, Petr D. Shabanov
      Pages: 191 - 203
      Abstract: BACKGROUND: Rodents are often used as a social isolation model. This study investigated the effects of social isolation on Danio rerio. These animals form groups and social hierarchies and exhibit complex social interactions similar to rodents. The expression of some brain genes of fish reared in isolation was found to be different from individuals reared in a group. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of kisspeptins on the social behavior of Danio rerio in social isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fish were placed in 200-mL measuring cups for 48 h. After the social isolation period, bony fish kisspeptins and mammalian kisspeptin analogs were administered, and their effects were tested. The animal was placed in 1-L individual tanks for 15 min and then in the tank with a glass partition, behind which are a group of congeners. Fish were allowed to approach or swim away from the partition. Two patterns were used to assess behavior: latency time and number of swims to the partition. RESULTS: Compared with the control group with fish kept in social isolation, reliable differences were observed: The number of swims to the partition after isolation was 1.3 times higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). After the administration of bony fish kisspeptins Kiss1 and Kiss2, no significant changes in the number of swims to the partition were observed. Moreover, after the administration of KS6 and KS10, the number of swims to the aquarium partition increased 1.6 times (p < 0.01) and 1.8 times (p < 0.001), respectively. After the administration of the comparison drug oxytocin, the number of swims to the aquarium partition increased 1.6 times (p < 0.01) compared with that in the untreated isolated group. The latency time of swimming to the partition increased 2.4 times in the untreated isolated group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Latency time decreased 2.3 times in the group administered with oxytocin compared with the untreated isolated group (p < 0.001). In the group administered with Kiss1, the latency time decreased 2 times (p < 0.001) compared with that in the untreated isolated group. The latency time decreased 5 times (p < 0.001) after KS10 administration and 3.4 times (p < 0.001) after KS6 administration compared with that in the untreated isolated group. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, social isolation in Danio rerio reduces communicative behavior. Analogs of mammalian kisspeptin, such as Kiss1, of bony fish and oxytocin normalize the communicative behavior of fish after a period of social isolation to the level of the control group.
      PubDate: 2024-07-22
      DOI: 10.17816/RCF625892
      Issue No: Vol. 22, No. 2 (2024)
       
  • Modern approach to pharmacotherapy of chronic insomnia in childhood

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      Authors: Zara G. Tadtaeva, Anna N. Galustyan, Aleksandr E. Krivoshein, Vladimir V. Rusanovsky, Aleksandr A. Akimov, Ivan S. Sardaryan, Natalia A. Kuritsina
      Pages: 205 - 217
      Abstract: Insomnia is a widespread problem in the pediatric population. The prevalence of insomnia in childhood varies from 5% to 50%. The lack of adequate therapy can lead to chronicity, impairment of cognitive and motor functions, and eventually development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, diabetes, and gastrointestinal and mental disorders. Thus, timely identification and treatment of childhood insomnia is important. This study aimed to summarize and systematize current information about the modern approach to pharmacotherapy of chronic insomnia in childhood. Modern and foreign randomized controlled trials over the past 10 years were analyzed. Treatment of chronic insomnia includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Behavioral strategies are recommended as first-line treatment for childhood insomnia. The availability of different pharmacological drug groups allows for a personalized approach to treatment. However, the use of off-label drugs requires a justified prescription. The lack of large-scale clinical studies on the effectiveness, tolerability, dosing, and safety profile of drugs implies the need for further research to better understand the risks (negative side effects) and benefits of using such drugs for treating sleep disorders in children.
      PubDate: 2024-07-22
      DOI: 10.17816/RCF624874
      Issue No: Vol. 22, No. 2 (2024)
       
 
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  Subjects -> PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY (Total: 575 journals)
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