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Authors:Vladimir I. Vashchenko, Juliya E. Romashova, Petr D. Shabanov Pages: 359 - 381 Abstract: Lung cancer is a well-known malignant tumor of the respiratory tract, which has caused a significant level of damage to human health. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, non-coding RNA stem-loop structures with a length of roughly 20–25 nucleotides that function as powerful modulators of mRNA and protein products of a gene. miRNAs may modulate many biological processes involving growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death and play a key role in the pathogenesis of various types of malignancies. Several accumulating pieces of evidence have proven that miRNA, especially miR-146a, are crucial modulators of innate immune response sequences. A novel and exciting cancer research field has involved miRNA for the detection and suppression of cancer. However, the actual mechanism which is adopted by these miRNA is still unclear. miRNAs have been used as a cancer-associated biomarker in several studies, suggesting their altered expression in various cancers compared to the normal cells. The amount of expression of miRNA can also be used to determine the stage of the disease, aiding in early detection. In breast, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer, cancer cell proliferation and metastasis has been suppressed by miR-146a. Changes in miR-146a expression levels have biomarker importance and possess a high potential as a therapeutic target in lung cancer. It retards epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes the therapeutic action of anticancer agents in lung cancer. Studies have also suggested that miR-146a affects gene expression through different signaling pathways viz: TNF-α, NF-κB and MEK-1/2, and JNK-1/2. Further research is required for understanding the molecular mechanisms of miR-146a in lung cancer. The potential role of miR-146a as a diagnostic marker of lung cancer must also be analyzed. This review summarizes the tumor-suppressing, anti-inflammatory, and antichemoresistive nature of miR-146a in lung cancer. PubDate: 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.17816/RCF194359-381 Issue No:Vol. 19, No. 4 (2021)
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Authors:Aleksandr L. Urakov, Petr D. Shabanov Pages: 383 - 393 Abstract: The immediate cause of death of patients in the final stage of a new coronavirus infection is hypoxia, which develops due to respiratory obstruction. In accordance with the standard of treatment of patients with the most severe atypical pneumonia with COVID-19, artificial lung ventilation and extrapulmonary blood oxygenation are used to preserve their lives. However, these methods do not eliminate airway obstruction, one of the causes of which is mucus hypersecretion. The review shows that a new vector for the search and development of medicines for the drug elimination of hypoxia in respiratory obstruction has been identified in Russia. The high prospects of solutions of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate with original physicochemical properties and local mechanisms of action providing urgent recanalization of the respiratory tract and oxygenation of blood in respiratory obstruction caused by blockage of the respiratory tract with thick sputum, mucus, pus and blood are shown. Domestic inventions are indicated, the essence of which is the basis of this scientific direction. Original formulations of solutions of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate are given, as well as new technologies for their local application, providing urgent dissolution of mucus, sputum, pus and blood with simultaneous immediate release of oxygen gas. PubDate: 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.17816/RCF194383-393 Issue No:Vol. 19, No. 4 (2021)
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Authors:Anna S. Sheremetyeva, Alyona Yu. Karetnikova, Natalya A. Durnova, Anzhelika S. Derdyuk, Viktoriia I. Skiba Pages: 443 - 449 Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a problem of modern medicine that affects many areas of society. The search for drugs that can correct these disorders is quite relevant. Of particular interest are substances with minimal side effects, some of which are herbal products. AIM: Study of the working and long-term spatial memory of mice in the «eight-arm radial maze» test under the influence of repeated administration of Thymus marschallianus Willd. extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 36 non-linear male mice, divided into 4 groups – control and 3 experimental. For 7 days, the animals were injected daily intragastrically with caffeine at a dose of 40 mg/kg (1st group), alcoholic extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. at a dose of 100 mg/kg (2nd group), aqueous extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. at a dose of 100 mg/kg (3rd group). To assess cognitive function, a radial maze test was used to calculate memory scores. RESULTS: According to the results of the study, it was found that animals receiving caffeine (40 mg/kg) showed a higher memory score compared to other study groups. The introduction of an aqueous extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. at a dose of 100 mg/kg (group 3) led to an increase in memory points by the 4th day of testing. In the second experimental group, there were no changes in memory points depending on the administration of an alcoholic extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. (100 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS: The use of caffeine (40 mg/kg) caused the activation of both short-term and long-term memory in mice. Administration of an aqueous extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. (100 mg/kg) affected working memory and did not induce the formation of long-term spatial memory in animals. An alcoholic extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. (100 mg/kg) showed minimal effect on the formation of working and long-term spatial memory in mice. PubDate: 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.17816/RCF194443-449 Issue No:Vol. 19, No. 4 (2021)
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Authors:Petr D. Shabanov Pages: 463 - 471 Abstract: Description of the professional activities and merits of the Russian physiologist celebrating his anniversary. PubDate: 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.17816/RCF194463-471 Issue No:Vol. 19, No. 4 (2021)
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