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- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 38: Obesity and Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly:
Prospective Study in Primary Care
Authors: Abrar-Ahmad Zulfiqur, Perla Habchi, Ibrahima Amadou Dembele
First page: 38
Abstract: Background: Obesity is a chronic pathology that affects people of all ages, from infants to the elderly, residing in both developed and developing countries. Objective: Our aim is to study the link between obesity and frailty in the elderly. Method: A prospective study was carried out in 12 General Medicine practices in Champagne-Ardenne, in the Departments of Marne and the Ardennes, France, for a period of 12 months (from 2 May 2019 through 30 April 2020). All patients included were aged 65 or older, in consultation with a general practitioner, and had an ADL (Activity of Daily Living) greater than or equal to 4. Frailty was measured using the Fried scale and the simplified ZULFIQAR frailty scale. Results: 268 patients aged 65 and over were included, with an average age of 77.5 years. A total of 100 were obese according to BMI. The mean Fried (/5) in the series was 1.57, and the mean sZFS (/5) was 0,91. Our study shows that obesity is not significantly correlated with frailty according to the FRIED sarcopenic scale, but is significantly correlated with frailty according to the sZFS scale. Conclusions: The link between obesity and frailty remains much debated, with the underlying emergence of sarcopenic obesity equally prevalent among the elderly. This is a preliminary study that should be followed by large-scale outpatient studies to better clarify the links between sarcopenia and obesity.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-06-24
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9070038
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 7 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 34: Glycobiology of Cancer: Sugar Drives the Show
Authors: Jhenifer Santos dos Reis, Marcos André Rodrigues da Costa Santos, Daniella Pereira Mendonça, Stefani Ingrid Martins do Nascimento, Pedro Marçal Barcelos, Rafaela Gomes Correia de Lima, Kelli Monteiro da Costa, Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima, Alexandre Morrot, Jose Osvaldo Previato, Lucia Mendonça Previato, Leonardo Marques da Fonseca, Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
First page: 34
Abstract: Cancer development and progression is associated with aberrant changes in cellular glycosylation. Cells expressing altered glycan-structures are recognized by cells of the immune system, favoring the induction of inhibitory immune processes which subsequently promote tumor growth and spreading. Here, we discuss about the importance of glycobiology in modern medicine, taking into account the impact of altered glycan structures expressed in cancer cells as potential glycobiomarkers of disease, as well as on cancer development and progression.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-05-24
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9060034
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 6 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 35: Dichloroacetyl Amides of
3,5-Bis(benzylidene)-4-piperidones Displaying Greater Toxicity to
Neoplasms than to Non-Malignant Cells
Authors: Mohammad Hossain, Praveen K. Roayapalley, Hiroshi Sakagami, Keitaro Satoh, Kenjiro Bandow, Umashankar Das, Jonathan R. Dimmock
First page: 35
Abstract: A series of 3,5-bis(benzylidene)-1-dichloroacetyl-4-piperidones 1a–l was evaluated against Ca9-22, HSC-2, HSC-3, and HSC-4 squamous cell carcinomas. Virtually all of the compounds displayed potent cytotoxicity, with 83% of the CC50 values being submicromolar and several CC50 values being in the double digit nanomolar range. The compounds were appreciably less toxic to human HGF, HPLF, and HPC non-malignant cells, which led to some noteworthy selectivity index (SI) figures. From these studies, 1d,g,k emerged as the lead molecules in terms of their potencies and SI values. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study revealed that cytotoxic potencies and potency–selectivity expression figures increased when the magnitude of the sigma values in the aryl rings was elevated. The modes of action of the representative cytotoxins in Ca9-22 cells were found to include G2/M arrest and stimulation of the cells to undergo mitosis and cause poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and procaspase 3 cleavage.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-06-08
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9060035
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 6 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 36: Potential Role of Certain Biomarkers Such as
Vitamin B12, ROS, Albumin, as Early Predictors for Prognosis of COVID-19
Outcomes
Authors: Evgenia Lymperaki, Konstantina Kazeli, Georgia Variti, Magda Gerothanasi, Argyrios Gkinoudis, Ioannis Tsamesidis, Eleni Vagdatli
First page: 36
Abstract: COVID-19 disease is still a major global concern because of its morbidity and its mortality in severe disease. Certain biomarkers including Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), vitamins, and trace elements are known to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate how certain biomarkers, such as ROS, biochemical indicators, trace elements in serum blood of 139 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, and 60 non-COVID cases according to age and sex variations, can serve as the predictors for prognosis of COVID-19 outcome. An attempt of correlating these biomarkers with the severity of the disease as well as with each other is represented. All subjects were hospitalized from April 2021 until June 2021. A statistically significant increase of B12 levels (p = 0.0029) and ROS levels (p < 0.0001) as well as a decrease in albumin and Total Protein (T.P.) levels (p < 0.001) was observed especially in the early stage of the disease before CRP and ferritin elevation. Additionally, a statistically significant increase in ferritin (p = 0.007), B12 (p = 0.035, sALT p = 0.069, Glucose p = 0.012 and urea p = 0.096 and a decrease in Ca p = 0.005, T.P p = 0.052 albumin p = 0.046 between stage B (CRP values 6–30 mg/L) and C (CRP values 30–100 mg/L) was evident. Thus, this study concludes that clinicians could successfully employ biomarkers such as vitamin B12, ROS and albumin as possible prognosis tools for an early diagnosis. In addition, the total biochemical profile can assist in the understanding of the severity of COVID-19 disease, and could potentially lead to a better diet or early pharmaceutical treatment to prevent some of the more acute symptoms.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-06-15
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9060036
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 6 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 37: The Sweet Side of Fungal Infections:
Structural Glycan Diversity and Its Importance for Pathogenic Adaptation
Authors: Israel Diniz-Lima, Leonardo Marques da Fonseca, Jhenifer Santos dos Reis, Marcos André Rodrigues da Costa Santos, Kelli Monteiro da Costa, Carlos Antonio do Nascimento Santos, Pedro Marçal Barcelos, Kamila Guimarães-Pinto, Alessandra Almeida Filardy, Marco Edilson Freire-de-Lima, Debora Decote-Ricardo, Alexandre Morrot, Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima, Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
First page: 37
Abstract: Fungal infections are the most common secondary infections in debilitated individuals in a state of chronic disease or immunosuppression. Despite this, most fungal infections are neglected, mainly due to the lower frequency of their more severe clinical forms in immunocompetent individuals with a healthy background. However, over the past few years, several cases of severe fungal infections in healthy individuals have provoked a change in the epidemiological dynamics of fungal infections around the world, both due to recurrent outbreaks in previously infrequent regions and the greater emergence of more pathogenic fungal variants affecting healthy individuals, such as in the Cryptococcus genus. Therefore, before the arrival of a scenario of prevalent severe fungal infections, it is necessary to assess more carefully what are the real reasons for the increased incidence of fungal infection globally. What are the factors that are currently contributing to this new possible epidemiological dynamic' Could these be of a structural nature' Herein, we propose a discussion based on the importance of the virulence factors of glycoconjugate composition in the adaptation of pathogenic fungal species into the current scenario of increasing severity of these infections.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-06-16
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9060037
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 6 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 31: Unforeseen Outcomes Post Treatment for
Radiation Induced Trismus: A Case Report
Authors: Akash Sivam, Ankit Garg, Paul Sillifant
First page: 31
Abstract: Post radiotherapy radiation trismus presents significant concerns for a patient’s quality of life and for the clinical monitoring for recurrence of head and neck oncology. Current treatments include scar band release surgery that has been shown to be safe and effective. We present a case with a rare, post-operative complication of difficulty of mouth closure that can pose a significant impact on quality of life that should be considered.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-04-19
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9050031
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 5 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 32: Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of
People with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Early COVID-19
Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fatimah S. Alhamlan, Reem S. Almaghrabi, Edward B. Devol, Anwar B. Alotaibi, Saleh M. Alageel, Dalia A. Obeid, Basem M. Alraddadi, Sahar I. Althawadi, Maysoon S. Mutabagani, Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani
First page: 32
Abstract: This study provides epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 492 consecutive patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Saudi Arabia between March and September 2020. Data were collected from electronic case reports. The cohort was 54% male, with 20.4% aged >60 years, 19.9% aged 31–40 years, and 17% aged 41–50 years. The median incubation period was 16 days, with upper and lower 95% quartiles of 27 and 10 days, respectively. Most patients (79.2%) were symptomatic. Variables significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were age, blood oxygen saturation percentage, hemoglobin level, lymphocyte count, neutrophil to lymphocyte (NTL) ratio, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level. Asymptomatic patients were mostly younger, with lower body mass index and ALT and AST levels but higher lymphocyte counts, NTL ratio, and CD4, CD8, natural killer cell, IgG, and IgM levels. Factors associated with increased risk of mortality were age (>42 years) and comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Patients who were not given an antiviral regimen were associated with better prognosis than patients who received an antiviral regimen (HR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.011–0.25). These findings will help clinicians and policymakers adopt best management and treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-04-21
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9050032
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 5 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 33: Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: A Brief
Review of the Hands-On Treatment Approaches and Their Therapeutic Uses
Authors: Ashley Roberts, Kaylee Harris, Bethany Outen, Amar Bukvic, Ben Smith, Adam Schultz, Stephen Bergman, Debasis Mondal
First page: 33
Abstract: Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) is an emerging practice in the healthcare field with increasing popularity and evidence-based therapy. Osteopathic manipulative treatments (OMT) include hands-on manipulations of different body structures to increase systemic homeostasis and total patient well-being. Indeed, this new realm of the whole patient-based approach is being taught in osteopathic schools around the country, and the osteopathic principles of a mind-body-spirit-based treatment are being instilled in many new Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.) students. However, despite their proven therapeutic value, there are still many individuals, both in and outside the medical profession, who are unaware (or misinformed) of the therapeutic uses and potential benefits of OMT. Here, we provide a brief introduction to this osteopathic therapeutic approach, focusing on the hands-on techniques that are regularly implemented in the clinical setting. It is becoming increasingly evident that different OMTs can be implemented to enhance patient recovery, both alone and in conjunction with the targeted therapies used in allopathic regimens. Therefore, it may be beneficial to inform the general medical community and educate the public and those associated with the healthcare field about the benefits of using OMT as a treatment modality. OMT is lower-cost, noninvasive, and highly effective in promoting full-body healing by targeting the nervous, lymphatic, immune, and vascular systems. There is a growing body of literature related to osteopathic research and the possible molecular pathways involved in the healing process, and this burgeoning field of medicine is expected to increase in value in the healthcare field. This brief review article explains the frequently utilized OMT modalities and their recognized therapeutic benefits, which underscore the need to understand the possible molecular mechanisms and circulating biomarkers linked to the systemic benefits of osteopathic medicine.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-04-27
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9050033
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 5 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 25: Novel PKD2 Missense Mutation p.Ile424Ser in
an Individual with Multiple Hepatic Cysts: A Case Report
Authors: Seiko Miura, Yo Niida, Chieko Hashizume, Ai Fujii, Yuta Takagaki, Kahoru Kusama, Sumiyo Akazawa, Tetsuya Minami, Tsuyoshi Mukai, Kengo Furuichi, Mutsumi Tsuchishima, Nobuhiko Ueda, Hiroyuki Takamura, Daisuke Koya, Tohru Ito
First page: 25
Abstract: We report a novel missense mutation, p.Ile424Ser, in the PKD2 gene of an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patient with multiple liver cysts. A 57-year-old woman presented to our university hospital with abdominal fullness, decreasing appetite, and dyspnea for three months. A percutaneous drainage of hepatic cysts was performed with no significant symptomatic relief. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a hepatic cyst in the lateral portion of the liver with appreciable compression of the stomach. Prior to this admission, the patient had undergone three drainage procedures with serial CT-based follow-up of the cysts over the past 37 years. With a presumptive diagnosis of extrarenal manifestation of ADPKD, we performed both a hepatic cystectomy and a hepatectomy. Because the patient reported a family history of hepatic cysts, we conducted a postoperative genetic analysis. A novel missense mutation, p.Ile424Ser, was detected in the PKD2 gene. Mutations in either the PKD1 or PKD2 genes account for most cases of ADPKD. To the extent of our knowledge, this point mutation has not been reported in the general population. Our in-silico analysis suggests a hereditary likely pathogenic mutation.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-03-29
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9040025
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 4 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 26: Efficacy and Adverse Events of Carboplatin
Desensitisation Therapy for Gynaecological Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Akihito Yamamoto, Seiryu Kamoi, Shigeru Matsuda, Rieko Kawase, Kazuho Nakanishi, Shunji Suzuki
First page: 26
Abstract: Background: Carboplatin, the key drug used in treating gynaecological cancer, has an approximately 12–16% risk of hypersensitivity reactions. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of carboplatin desensitisation therapy for gynaecological cancer. Methods: The desensitisation protocol was standardised as a four-step, 4-h, carboplatin administration in the hospital. A retrospective medical record review was conducted on 15 patients who underwent carboplatin desensitisation for gynaecological malignancies at our hospital. Patients’ data were analysed to evaluate the treatment success rate, therapeutic effect of desensitisation, adverse events, and treatment. Results: Of 91 carboplatin desensitisation cycles scheduled; the completion rate was 93.4% (85/91). Adverse events occurred in 23 of these 91 (25.3%). In four (4.4%) of the 23 cycles, hypersensitivity reactions could be treated only by discontinuing the infusion and slowing the administration, while in the remaining 19 (20.9%), medication was administered intravenously after discontinuing the infusion to manage hypersensitivity reactions. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Overall, 23 series of anti-cancer agent regimens, including carboplatin desensitisation, were administered to the 15 patients. The therapeutic response rate was 82.6% and the disease control rate was 95.7%. Conclusions: Carboplatin desensitisation was beneficial in patients with a history of carboplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-03-30
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9040026
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 4 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 27: A Lurking Threat of Community-Acquired
Acinetobacter Meningitis—A Rare Case Report from Punjab, India
Authors: Navodhya Jindal, Sonia Jain, Arghya Bhowmick, Vyom Bhargava
First page: 27
Abstract: Background: Acinetobacter spp. are a potential life-threatening cause of severe meningitis noted as a nosocomial infection after neurosurgical procedures in patients admitted to neurosurgical ICUs. Community-acquired Acinetobacter meningitis is extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Case presentation: In this study, we report a patient from Punjab, India, who was infected after a roadside accident in which he developed CSF otorrhea and subsequent meningitis with Acinetobacter lwoffii. The patient was managed with the cephalosporin group of antibiotics as per the sensitivity report. For the first time, we report a rare case report of community-acquired Acinetobacter meningitis from Punjab, India. Conclusions: This case report highlights the potential pathogenicity of Acinetobacter lwoffii and increases concerns that this organism might rapidly evolve into a dreadful antibiotic-resistant community pathogen.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-03-31
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9040027
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 4 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 28: JUUL™ing and Heating Lead to a
Worsening of Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Julia Benthien, Moritz Meusel, Silja Cayo Talavera, Ingo Eitel, Daniel Drömann, Klaas F. Franzen
First page: 28
Abstract: Background: The widespread use of the JUUL™ device ignited a discussion about the effects these products have on harm reduction. Therefore, we conducted a study directly comparing the JUUL™ device with a cigarette, a heated tobacco product, and a nicotine-free e-cigarette to examine the acute effects on arterial stiffness. Methods: This crossover-designed study examines 20 occasional smokers (age 25.2 ± 2.5 years). Study participants used each of the four smoking devices for a duration of 5 min following a protocol. Peripheral blood pressure and parameters of arterial stiffness and endothelial vasodilator function such as the reactive hyperemia index and the augmentation index were measured using the EndoPAT™2000 before and after. Results: In addition to significant peripheral hemodynamic changes after 5 and 10 min (p < 0.05), the reactive hyperemia index showed a significant decrease for all devices 15 min after consumption and remained significantly decreased after 60 min (p < 0.01). The augmentation index adjusted for a heart rate of 75 bpm increased significantly for all devices 15 and 60 min after consumption (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, the increases in blood pressure and arterial stiffness are similar after smoking, JUUL™ing, heating, and vaping. These changes may be associated with an increase in cardiovascular risks; however, an evaluation of the long-term effects of JUUL™ing, vaping and heating is needed.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-04-05
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9040028
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 4 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 29: Thyroid Dysfunction among Hypertensive
Pregnant Women in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Philomena Nwabudike, Mathias Abiodun Emokpae
First page: 29
Abstract: The hypertensive pregnant woman is at a higher risk of complications either before, during or after birth and the baby can be adversely affected leading to preterm birth, low birth weight, placental separation (abruption) and other complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate thyroid dysfunction among pregnant women with hypertension. The study participants were 150 hypertensive pregnant women, 25 non-hypertensive pregnant women and 25 non-hypertensive non-pregnant women. Exactly 5mL of blood was collected and used for the assay of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The results showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) age among hypertensive pregnant women when compared with non-hypertensive pregnant women and non-hypertensive non-pregnant women. The serum TSH was significantly higher (p < 0.035) among hypertensive pregnant women when compared with non-hypertensive pregnant women. The triiodothyronine (T3) of hypertensive pregnant women was observed to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) when compared with both non-hypertensive pregnant women and non-hypertensive non-pregnant women. Some 15/150 (10%) of hypertensive pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism, 13/150 (8.7%) had overt hypothyroidism, while 122/150 (81.3%) were euthyroid. Among those with thyroid dysfunction, five and four of the subjects had subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism during the second trimester, while ten and nine had subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism during the third trimester, respectively. Evaluation of hypertensive pregnant women for thyroid function may be routinely performed to enable early diagnosis and treatment.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-04-07
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9040029
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 4 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 30: Meningioma Cell Invasion into DuraGen-Derived
Dura Mater: A Case Report
Authors: Ryota Tamura, Yuki Kuranari, Hideki Orikasa, Makoto Katayama
First page: 30
Abstract: Background: Dura mater infiltration is the main growth pattern of meningiomas. Local recurrence may occur in any type of meningioma, but it is more likely so in atypical meningiomas. Therefore, a wide resection of tumor cell-invaded dura mater is necessary to avoid recurrence. DuraGen® (an artificial dural substitute) can be used for dural reconstruction in meningiomas. Here, we report a rare case of a patient with atypical meningioma that invaded into the DuraGen®-derived mature dura mater. Case presentation: A 66-year-old female showed a three-time recurrence of atypical meningioma. Simpson grade I resection (en bloc tumor with autologous dura mater and DuraGen®-derived dura mater resection) was achieved at the 3rd recurrence. Collagen fibers running regularly and transversely were observed in the DuraGen®-derived dura mater resembling the autologous meningeal layer. Meningioma cell invasion, displayed by occasional EMA immunostaining, was observed in the DuraGen®-derived dura mater. Conclusions: This case indicates that meningioma cells may invade and survive in the DuraGen®-derived dura mater. Whether or not DuraGen® is not appropriate as a dural substitute remains unanswered. Further experiences are needed to validate these findings in large sample sizes.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-04-11
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9040030
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 4 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 17: Investigating Prescription Medication
Expenditures and Level of Perceived Health Status among Older Adults with
Pain in the United States
Authors: David R. Axon, Leonard P. Barrios
First page: 17
Abstract: Background: the objective of this retrospective, cross sectional study was to assess the relationship between different levels of perceived health status and prescription medication expenditures among United States adults aged ≥50 years with self-reported pain. Methods: using 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data, four levels of perceived health status were formed (excellent, very good, good, and fair/poor health). Differences between characteristics in the groups were compared using chi square tests. Adjusted linear regression models, using logged positive annual prescription medication expenditures, were constructed to assess differences in prescription medication expenditures between levels of perceived health. Results: a total of 4826 individuals were included in the study. Adjusted linear regression analysis indicated those who reported excellent health had 65.8% lower annual prescription medication expenditures than those with fair/poor health. Those with very good health had 49.7% lower annual prescription medication expenditures than those with fair/poor health, while those with good health had 27.2% lower annual prescription medication expenditures than those with fair/poor health. Conclusions: better perceived health status was generally associated with relatively lower prescription medication expenditures. Further research is needed to investigate if this pattern is also observed for other categories of healthcare expenditures and in other populations.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-02-22
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030017
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 3 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 18: The Impact of Industry Funding on Randomized
Controlled Trials of Biologic Therapies
Authors: Aaron M. Gazendam, David Slawaska-Eng, Nicholas Nucci, Om Bhatt, Michelle Ghert
First page: 18
Abstract: Background: There has been substantial interest from the pharmaceutical industry to study and develop new biologic agents. Previous studies outside of the biologics field have demonstrated that industry funding has the potential to impact the design and findings of clinical trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of industry funding on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of biologic therapies. Methods: A review of all RCTs involving biologic therapies in top impact factor medical journals from January 2018 to December 2020 was performed. The relationship between industry funding and the presence of statistically significant primary outcomes and the use of active comparators were analyzed. Results: Among the 157 RCTs included, 120 (76%) were industry funded and 37 (24%) declared no industry funding. Industry-funded studies were significantly more likely to report a statistically significant positive primary outcome compared to studies without industry funding (85% vs. 67%, χ2 = 5.867, p = 0.015) and were significantly more likely to utilize placebo or no comparator than non-industry-funded trials (78% vs. 49%, χ2 = 4.430, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Industry-funded trials investigating biologic therapies are more likely to yield statistically significant positive outcomes and use placebo comparators when compared to non-industry-funded biologic therapy trials in high-impact medical journals.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-02-28
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030018
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 3 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 19: Novel Psychoactive Substances: The
Razor’s Edge between Therapeutical Potential and Psychoactive
Recreational Misuse
Authors: Beatriz Correia, Joana Fernandes, Maria João Botica, Carla Ferreira, Alexandre Quintas
First page: 19
Abstract: Background: Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are compounds of natural and synthetic origin, similar to traditional drugs of abuse. NPS are involved in a contemporary trend whose origin lies in a thinner balance between legitimate therapeutic drug research and legislative control. The contemporary NPS trend resulted from the replacement of MDMA by synthetic cathinones in ‘ecstasy’ during the 2000s. The most common NPS are synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. Interestingly, during the last 50 years, these two classes of NPS have been the object of scientific research for a set of health conditions. Methods: Searches were conducted in the online database PubMed using boolean equations. Results: Synthetic cannabinoids displayed protective and therapeutic effects for inflammatory, neurodegenerative and oncologic pathologies, activating the immune system and reducing inflammation. Synthetic cathinones act similarly to amphetamine-type stimulants and can be used for depression and chronic fatigue. Conclusions: Despite the scientific advances in this field of research, pharmacological application of NPS is being jeopardized by fatalities associated with their recreational use. This review addresses the scientific achievements of these two classes of NPS and the toxicological data, ending with a reflection on Illicit and NPS control frames.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-03-01
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030019
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 3 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 20: Salubrious Effects of Green Tea Catechins on
Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Omar Abunofal, Chandra Mohan
First page: 20
Abstract: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol green tea catechin with potential health benefits and therapeutic effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common liver disorder that adversely affects liver function and lipid metabolism. This systematic review surveyed the effects of EGCG or green tea extract (GTE) on NAFLD reported in studies involving rodent models or humans with a focus on clinicopathologic outcomes, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammatory, oxidative stress, and liver injury markers. Articles involving clinical efficacy of EGCG/GTE on human subjects and rodent models were gathered by searching the PUBMED database and by referencing additional articles identified from other literature reviews. EGCG or GTE supplementation reduced body weight, adipose tissue deposits, and food intake. Mechanistically, the majority of these studies confirmed that EGCG or GTE supplementation plays a significant role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism and expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis. Importantly, EGCG and GTE supplementation were shown to have beneficial effects on oxidative stress-related pathways that activate pro-inflammatory responses, leading to liver damage. In conclusion, green tea catechins are a potentially useful treatment option for NAFLD. More research is required to determine the ideal dosage, treatment duration, and most effective delivery method of EGCG or GTE, and to provide more definitive conclusions by performing large, randomized clinical trials.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-03-01
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030020
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 3 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 21: Acquired Hemophilia A: A Permanent Challenge
for All Physicians
Authors: Knut M. Nowak, Alexander Carpinteiro, Cynthia Szalai, Fuat H. Saner
First page: 21
Abstract: Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare disease with a prevalence in Europe of 1.5 per million. This diagnosis is significantly delayed in about one-third of all cases, leading to deferred treatment. The main signs of AHA are spontaneous bleeding seen in about two-thirds of all patients. AHA can be lethal in 20% of all symptomatic cases. This patient population’s main standard laboratory finding is a prolonged aPTT (activated prothrombin Time) with otherwise normal coagulation results. In addition, antibodies against FVIII (in Bethesda Units) and a quantitative reduction of FVIII activity are necessary to confirm AHA. The therapy of acute bleeding related to AHA is based on the following main principles: Pharmacologic control of the bleeding is of absolute importance. It can be achieved by administering either recombinant activated FVIIa “bypass therapy”; activated prothrombin complex; or Emicizumab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody. Eradication of the FVIII antibodies should be initiated simultaneously. The combination of steroids with cyclophosphamide leads to the highest eradication rates. Causes of AHA may be related to neoplasms, autoimmune diseases, and pregnancy. We report on a patient who underwent four surgical procedures before the diagnosis of AHA was established.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-03-02
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030021
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 3 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 22: Wen Dan Tang: A Potential Jing Fang Decoction
for Headache Disorders'
Authors: Saroj K. Pradhan, Yiming Li, Andreas R. Gantenbein, Felix Angst, Susanne Lehmann, Hamdy Shaban
First page: 22
Abstract: Background: Chinese herbal medicine is considered relatively safe, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Wen Dan Tang (WDT), a Jing Fang ancient classical Chinese herbal formula with a broad indication profile has been used for several centuries in China to treat various illnesses. Question: Are there evidence-based clinical trials that show that WDT has a significant impact on the treatment of various diseases, especially in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH)' Methods: This study is based on an online database search using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, AcuTrials, Embase, Semantic Scholar, Jstor, internet research, and review of ancient and modern Chinese medical textbooks regarding WDT and its compounds. Results: There were no studies on WDT in migraine and TTH; therefore, this work gathers and describes data for every single compound in the formula. Conclusion: This study suggests that the bioactive compounds found in WDT composition show potential in treating patients with neurological, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and digestive disorders. Some coherence between WDT in headache reduction and improvements in the quality of life in patients with migraines and TTH could be evaluated, showing positive results of WDT in these patients.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-03-04
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030022
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 3 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 23: Drug-Induced Sexual Dysfunction in
Individuals with Epilepsy: Beyond Antiepileptic Compounds
Authors: Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Antonio Cerasa
First page: 23
Abstract: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a multifactorial problem, involving neurological, iatrogenic, endocrine, psychiatric, and psychosocial factors, and affects the quality of life of both male and female individuals with epilepsy [...]
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-03-14
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030023
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 3 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 24: Unusual Presentation of Bouveret Syndrome
Resulting in Both Gastric Outlet Obstruction and Small Bowel Obstruction
with Perforation
Authors: Jarod Shelton, Muhammad Adeel Samad, James Juhng, Shawn M. Terry
First page: 24
Abstract: Our case describes an 83-year-old female who presented with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and bilious emesis of one day’s duration. She had an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with sphincterotomy and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTCD) one year prior for choledocholithiasis with acute cholangitis in her home country, Scotland. Unfortunately, while visiting family in the United States, her PTCD became dislodged, and she developed progressive worsening abdominal pain. Computerized tomography of her abdomen showed pneumobilia, perigastric inflammation, a contracted gallbladder, small bowl inflammation with a likely transition point at the mid-jejunum, and a probable duodenal mass. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with intraoperative findings of choledochoduodenal fistula with coincident gastric and small bowel obstruction (SBO) secondary to three large, mixed gallstones. One 3 cm gallstone was located at the pylorus and two (2.3 and 3 cm) gallstones were isolated in the mid-jejunum, with one of those causing isolated transmural pressure necrosis with subsequent perforation. Bouveret syndrome is a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) that manifests via an acquired cholecystoenteric fistula. Our patient presented with a concomitant GOO and SBO with perforation of the mid-jejunum. Timely diagnosis of Bouveret syndrome is essential, as most causes require emergent surgical intervention.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-03-15
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030024
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 3 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 8: In Vitro and In Silico Antimalarial Evaluation
of FM-AZ, a New Artemisinin Derivative
Authors: Ioannis Tsamesidis, Farnoush Mousavizadeh, Chinedu O. Egwu, Dionysia Amanatidou, Antonella Pantaleo, Françoise Benoit-Vical, Karine Reybier, Athanassios Giannis
First page: 8
Abstract: Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) are currently the frontline treatment against Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but parasite resistance to artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives, core components of ACTs, is spreading in the Mekong countries. In this study, we report the synthesis of several novel artemisinin derivatives and evaluate their in vitro and in silico capacity to counteract Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance. Furthermore, recognizing that the malaria parasite devotes considerable resources to minimizing the oxidative stress that it creates during its rapid consumption of hemoglobin and the release of heme, we sought to explore whether further augmentation of this oxidative toxicity might constitute an important addition to artemisinins. The present report demonstrates, in vitro, that FM-AZ, a newly synthesized artemisinin derivative, has a lower IC50 than artemisinin in P. falciparum and a rapid action in killing the parasites. The docking studies for important parasite protein targets, PfATP6 and PfHDP, complemented the in vitro results, explaining the superior IC50 values of FM-AZ in comparison with ART obtained for the ART-resistant strain. However, cross-resistance between FM-AZ and artemisinins was evidenced in vitro.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-01-24
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020008
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 9: Identification of Antimycobacterial Natural
Products from a Library of Marine Invertebrate Extracts
Authors: Kojo Sekyi Acquah, Denzil R. Beukes, Ronnett Seldon, Audrey Jordaan, Suthananda N. Sunassee, Digby F. Warner, David W. Gammon
First page: 9
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health crisis, requiring the urgent identification of new anti-mycobacterial drugs. We screened several organic and aqueous marine invertebrate extracts for their in vitro inhibitory activity against the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we report the results obtained for 54 marine invertebrate extracts. The chemical components of two of the extracts were dereplicated, using 1H NMR and HR-LCMS with GNPS molecular networking, and these extracts were further subjected to an activity-guided isolation process to purify the bioactive components. Hyrtios reticulatus yielded heteronemin 1 and Jaspis splendens was found to produce the bengamide class of compounds, of which bengamides P 2 and Q 3 were isolated, while a new derivative, bengamide S 5, was putatively identified and its structure predicted, based on the similarity of its MS/MS fragmentation pattern to those of other bengamides. The isolated bioactive metabolites and semi-pure fractions exhibited M. tuberculosis growth inhibitory activity, in the range <0.24 to 62.50 µg/mL. This study establishes the bengamides as potent antitubercular compounds, with the first report of whole-cell antitubercular activity of bengamides P 2 and Q 3.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-01-28
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020009
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 10: Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Profiling of
Medicinal Plants from Burkina Faso Used to Increase Physical Performance
Authors: Hemayoro Sama, Modeste Traoré, Samson Guenné, Ibrahim Séré, Adama Hilou, Mamoudou H. Dicko
First page: 10
Abstract: Background: Some ergogenic medicinal plants are used in exercise and sport in Africa in order to increase sport performance. However, data on their composition and their possible impacts on health are limited. This study was initiated to provide ethnobotanical data on plants traditionally used to optimize physical performance and to perform a qualitative characterization of their main chemical groups. Methods: Ethnobotanical surveys in two communes (Dedougou and Nouna), of the region of Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso and phytochemical analyses of the most interesting plants were conducted. Results: A total of 50 respondents including traditional hunters dozo, farmers, healers, herbalists, marabouts, etc., were interviewed. Fifty-two species used in the optimization of exercise and sports have been identified. The most cited species were Cassia sieberiana, Tamarindus indica, Annona senegalensis, Gardenia sokotensis, Securidaca longepedunculata, and Ficus tonningii. These plants are known to prevent muscle and skeletal disorders, aches and pains, and mental disorders. The study identified several types of plants including those displaying stimulation, anxiolytic, sedative, adaptogenic, or erythropoietic activities. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenes, and steroids, which are similar molecules families of those of doping molecules. Additionally, TLC screening allowed the characterization of numerous terpene and flavonoid compounds including rutin. Conclusions: The possible structural similarity of the characterized chemical groups of these species with those of doping families raise concerns about the consequences of their consumption. However, the identification of the active molecules of these species remains to be performed in order to predict the real risks associated with their consumption.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-01-28
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020010
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 11: Potential Application of Lung Ultrasound in
Children with Severe Uncontrolled Asthma: Preliminary Hypothesis Based on
a Case Series
Authors: Cristina De Rose, Stefano Miceli Sopo, Piero Valentini, Rosa Morello, Daniele Biasucci, Danilo Buonsenso
First page: 11
Abstract: In recent years, lung ultrasound (LUS) has been increasingly used for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in both adult and pediatric patients. However, asthma is a field in which the use of LUS is not yet well defined, or is in development. In the following case series, we describe clinical, laboratory, and radiological results, as well as detailed lung ultrasound findings of six children with asthma: some of them with acute asthma attack and with inadequately controlled allergic asthma or childhood asthma; others with acute asthma and allergic or infantile asthma adequately controlled by preventive therapy. Finally, we describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters of a child with severe allergic asthma in the absence of exacerbation. In these cases, albeit at different times, LUS played an important role in both the initial diagnostic process and follow-up. It also showed different ultrasound features depending on the severity of the individual asthma based on the type of asthmatic phenotype and control of it.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-02-02
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020011
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 12: Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Medicines in
2021
Authors: Medicines Editorial Office Medicines Editorial Office
First page: 12
Abstract: Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-02-02
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020012
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 13: The medial Surface of the Auricle: Historical
and Recent Maps. What are the Possible Expectations of the
“Thumb-Index Technique”
Authors: Antonello Lovato, Francesco Ceccherelli, Giuseppe Gagliardi, Marco Postiglione
First page: 13
Abstract: Introduction: The medial surface of the auricle (MSotA), as compared to the lateral, has been less studied and has limited consensus among schools of auricular acupuncture (AA) due to its small size, greater difficulty in carrying out an adequate physical examination on it, and less precise and limited agreement on its anatomical references as compared to the lateral surface. The thumb-index technique TIT is performed using a guiding finger (taking advantage of the anatomical conformation of the lateral surface) to guide the explorer finger (placed on the MSotA) to project the therapeutic areas and land marks on the MSotA. TIT could be considered useful and effective in AA to make the most of diagnostic and therapeutic MSotA potential. Methods: An investigation was carried out on the impact of TIT in AA practice through a survey collected from former AA students. Results: TIT showed a high consensus, and is used and appreciated by AA practitioners. Discussion/ Conclusions: To date, in AA, there is no thoroughly shared nomenclature for MSotA. TIT is simple and quick to project on to MSotA the well-coded lateral surface auricular maps from French or Chinese AA schools.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-02-17
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020013
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 14: CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular
Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System
for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Aggressiveness
Authors: Ahmed Ali Khalifa, Nermeen Abdeen, Neveen L. Mikhael, Sawsan Elmalah, Ayman Elshayeb
First page: 14
Abstract: CD44 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in regulating tumor cell progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Here, we aimed to establish a scoring system to evaluate the risk of developing HCC utilizing CD44-rs187115 SNP polymorphism. A prospective cohort of 120 individuals was enrolled in four groups: 19 non-metastatic HCC patients, 21 metastatic, 40 patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis, and 40 controls. Allelic discrimination of the CD44-rs187115 gene polymorphism was assessed using TaqMan genotyping assay. HCC patients with CT/CC genotypes were more likely to have aggressive malignancy compared to TT carriers. A significant correlation was noted between the existence of CT/CC genotypes and tumor size, multicentricity, infiltration, portal vein thrombosis, and metastasis. A CD44-incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool (CHRIST) was formulated utilizing clinical and genetic variables. A score > 3 for HCC development demonstrated 87.5% sensitivity, 72.5% specificity, and a 76% positive predictive value (PPV) and 85% negative predictive value (NPV). Furthermore, a score > 5 for HCC metastasis demonstrated 90.4% sensitivity, 68.4% specificity, a 76% PPV and 86% NPV. A similarly significant score was noted following a six-month re-evaluation. We conclude that CD44-rs187115 may serve as a reliable prognostic biomarker for HCC and that the CHRIST prognostic model is highly predictive of the development of HCC and metastatic HCC.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-02-21
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020014
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 15: Early Time-Restricted Feeding Amends
Circadian Clock Function and Improves Metabolic Health in Male and Female
Nile Grass Rats
Authors: Chidambaram Ramanathan, Hayden Johnson, Suman Sharma, Wangkuk Son, Melissa Puppa, Saba Neyson Rohani, Aaryani Tipirneni-Sajja, Richard J. Bloomer, Marie van der Merwe
First page: 15
Abstract: Lengthening the daily eating period contributes to the onset of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Dietary approaches, including energy restriction and time-restricted feeding, are promising methods to combat metabolic disorders. This study explored the effect of early and late time-restricted feeding (TRF) on weight and adiposity, food consumption, glycemic control, clock gene expression, and liver metabolite composition in diurnal Nile grass rats (NGRs). Adult male and female Nile grass rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) access to a 60% high-fat (HF) diet ad-libitum (HF-AD), (2) time-restricted access to the HF diet for the first 6 h of the 12 h light/active phase (HF-AM) or (3) the second 6 h of the 12 h light/active phase (HF-PM). Animals remained on their respective protocols for six weeks. TRF reduced total energy consumption and weight gain, and early TRF (HF-AM) reduced fasting blood glucose, restored Per1 expression, and reduced liver lipid levels. Although sex-dependent differences were observed for fat storage and lipid composition, TRF improved metabolic parameters in both male and female NGRs. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that early TRF protocol benefits weight management, improves lipid and glycemic control, and restores clock gene expression in NGRs.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-02-21
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020015
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 16: Neurogenic Dysphagia and Nutrition in
Disorder of Consciousness: An Overview with Practical Advices on an
“Old” but Still Actual Clinical Problem
Authors: Loredana Raciti, Gianfranco Raciti, Grazia Pulejo, Valeria Conti-Nibali, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
First page: 16
Abstract: Neurogenic dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing food caused by disease or impairment of the nervous system, including stroke and traumatic brain injury. The most clinically apparent complication of neurogenic dysphagia is pulmonary aspiration, which may manifest itself acutely as choking or coughing, respiratory distress, wheezing, gasping or gurgling, and tachycardia. However, chronic symptoms, including weight loss, production of excessive oral secretions and aspiration pneumonia, may be also present, especially in patients with a disorder of consciousness (DOC). Usually, patients with dysphagia after the acute phase need to be treated with enteral nutrition using a feeding tube. This avoids patient malnutrition and supports the rehabilitation program. This narrative review aims to investigate dysphagia and its complications and management in patients with DOC. Clinical indications and practical advice on how to assess and treat this complex problem are also provided.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-02-21
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020016
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 2: Impact of Drug Pressure versus Limited Access
to Drug in Malaria Control: The Dilemma
Authors: Chinedu Ogbonnia Egwu, Nwogo Ajuka Obasi, Chinyere Aloke, Joseph Nwafor, Ioannis Tsamesidis, Jennifer Chukwu, Sunday Elom
First page: 2
Abstract: Malaria burden has severe impact on the world. Several arsenals, including the use of antimalarials, are in place to curb the malaria burden. However, the application of these antimalarials has two extremes, limited access to drug and drug pressure, which may have similar impact on malaria control, leading to treatment failure through divergent mechanisms. Limited access to drugs ensures that patients do not get the right doses of the antimalarials in order to have an effective plasma concentration to kill the malaria parasites, which leads to treatment failure and overall reduction in malaria control via increased transmission rate. On the other hand, drug pressure can lead to the selection of drug resistance phenotypes in a subpopulation of the malaria parasites as they mutate in order to adapt. This also leads to a reduction in malaria control. Addressing these extremes in antimalarial application can be essential in maintaining the relevance of the conventional antimalarials in winning the war against malaria.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-01-04
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9010002
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 3: The Potential Impact of Blood System on
Dietary Habits and Smoking
Authors: Ioannis Tsamesidis, Evangelia Stalika, Chinedu O. Egwu, Agathi Pritsa, Maria Parpori, Argyrios Gkinoudis, Diana Samara, Evgenia Lymperaki
First page: 3
Abstract: The ‘Blood-Type’ diet advises individuals to eat according to their ABO blood group to improve their health and decrease the risk of chronic diseases. However, the food preferences of individuals with different blood groups have not been examined. The aim of our study was to investigate, in healthy regular blood donors (rBDs), the associations of smoke, alcohol, caffeine, vitamin and fat intake with their different blood groups and if ABO groups could be a potential predictor tool for disease prevention. A total of 329 volunteers were divided into four groups according to their ABO types: Group 1 (A) comprised 141 rBDs; Group 2 (B), 65 rBDs; Group 3 (O), 96 rBDs; and Group 4, 27 rBDs. Additionally, they were divided into two groups according to their rhesus types and their preferences for smoke, too. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day food recall and the Food Processor computer program for nutrient analysis. Alcohol, caffeine, sugar and Vitamin D consumption were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the O group. The A group presented statistically significantly (p < 0.05) greater preferences for cholesterol intake and a higher trend for smoking (25%) habits compared with all the other groups, whereas Group B preferred more fatty foods. The blood group AB appeared to be the most controlled food intake group. Regarding the rhesus comparisons, alcohol; caffeine; and Vitamin C, D, E and K consumptions were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in rhesus-positive individuals than their rhesus-negative counterparts. For the non-smoker group, compared with the smokers, a higher consumption of Vitamin D and fibers was found. In conclusion, in the present study, statistically significant correlations of the ABO and rhesus system with some dietary parameters were found, indicating a consequent influence of these preferences on the progression of different diseases.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-01-05
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9010003
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 4: Toxic Metal Concentrations in Drinking Water
and Possible Effect on Sex Hormones among Men in Sabongida-Ora, Edo State,
Nigeria
Authors: Osaro Ogie Enehizena, Mathias A. Emokpae
First page: 4
Abstract: Drinking water can be a potential source of toxic metals, which are a known leading cause of infertility in men. This study determines the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) in drinking water (borehole, hand-dug well and treated water) and sex hormone levels (serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PROL), estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG), and testosterone (T) in males who drink water mainly from these sources. The concentrations of Cd, and Pb in hand-dug wells were higher than the permissible limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) while Zn and Cu were within the permissible levels in drinking water. Blood Cd and Pb levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) among subjects who consumed hand-dug and borehole water than treated water, while serum Zn was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in hand-dug well and borehole water consumers than in control subjects. Also, serum FSH (p < 0.001), LH (p < 0.001), E2 (p < 0.002), PROG (p < 0.04) and T (p < 0.001) were significantly lower among hand-dug well and borehole water consumers than controls, while PROL (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in hand-dug well and borehole water consumers than controls. Blood Cd and Pb levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in hand-dug well water consumers than borehole water consumers. The consumption of water from hand-dug wells may have adverse reproductive sequelae among consumers.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-01-07
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9010004
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 5: Diaphragm Ultrasound in Cardiac Surgery: State
of the Art
Authors: Abdallah Fayssoil, Nicolas Mansencal, Lee S. Nguyen, David Orlikowski, Hélène Prigent, Jean Bergounioux, Djillali Annane, Frédéric Lofaso
First page: 5
Abstract: In cardiac surgery, patients are at risk of phrenic nerve injury, which leads to diaphragm dysfunction and acute respiratory failure. Diaphragm dysfunction (DD) is relatively frequent in cardiac surgery and particularly affects patients after coronary artery bypass graft. The onset of DD affects patients’ prognosis in term of weaning from mechanical ventilation and hospital length of stay. The authors present a narrative review about diaphragm physiology, techniques used to assess diaphragm function, and the clinical application of diaphragm ultrasound in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-01-11
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9010005
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 6: The Dilemma of Reconstructive Material Choice
for Orbital Floor Fracture: A Narrative Review
Authors: Akash Sivam, Natalie Enninghorst
First page: 6
Abstract: The aim of this study is to present a narrative review of the properties of materials currently used for orbital floor reconstruction. Orbital floor fractures, due to their complex anatomy, physiology, and aesthetic concerns, pose complexities regarding management. Since the 1950s, a myriad of materials has been used to reconstruct orbital floor fractures. This narrative review synthesises the findings of literature retrieved from search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. This narrative review was conducted of 66 studies on reconstructive materials. Ideal material properties are that they are resorbable, osteoconductive, resistant to infection, minimally reactive, do not induce capsule formation, allow for bony ingrowth, are cheap, and readily available. Autologous implants provide reliable, lifelong, and biocompatible material choices. Allogenic materials pose a threat of catastrophic disease transmission. Newer alloplastic materials have gained popularity. Consideration must be made when deliberating the use of permanent alloplastic materials that are a foreign body with potential body interactions, or the use of resorbable alloplastic materials failing to provide adequate support for orbital contents. It is vital that surgeons have an appropriate knowledge of materials so that they are used appropriately and reduce the risks of complications.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-01-13
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9010006
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
- Medicines, Vol. 9, Pages 7: Exercise, Diet and Sleeping as Regenerative
Medicine Adjuvants: Obesity and Ageing as Illustrations
Authors: Abdelaziz Ghanemi, Mayumi Yoshioka, Jonny St-Amand
First page: 7
Abstract: Regenerative medicine uses the biological and medical knowledge on how the cells and tissue regenerate and evolve in order to develop novel therapies. Health conditions such as ageing, obesity and cancer lead to an impaired regeneration ability. Exercise, diet choices and sleeping pattern have significant impacts on regeneration biology via diverse pathways including reducing the inflammatory and oxidative components. Thus, exercise, diet and sleeping management can be optimized towards therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. It could allow to prevent degeneration, optimize the biological regeneration and also provide adjuvants for regenerative medicine.
Citation: Medicines
PubDate: 2022-01-14
DOI: 10.3390/medicines9010007
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
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