Authors:Robert A. Newman, Christopher C.L. Chase, Jose R. Matos, Karim Abdelsalam, Robin Buterbaugh, Sonja Van Holland, Hadia Abdelaal, Amelia Woolum, K Jagannadha Sastry Abstract: Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, Volume 30, Issue , January-December 2022. BackgroundBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). and bovine coronavirus (BCV) threaten the productivity of cattle worldwide. Development of therapeutics that can control the spread of these viruses is an unmet need. The present research was designed to explore the in vitro antiviral activity of the Nerium oleander derived cardiac glycoside oleandrin and a defined N. oleander plant extract (PBI-05204) containing oleandrin.MethodsMadin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells, Bovine Turbinate (BT) cells, and Human Rectal Tumor-18 (HRT-18) cells were used as in vitro culture systems for BVDV, BRSV and BCV, respectively. Cytotoxicity was established using serial dilutions of oleandrin or PBI-05204. Noncytotoxic concentrations of each drug were used either prior to or at 12 h and 24 h following virus exposure to corresponding viruses. Infectious virus titers were determined following each treatment.ResultsBoth oleandrin as well as PBI-05204 demonstrated strong antiviral activity against BVDV, BRSV, and BCV, in a dose-dependent manner, when added prior to or following infection of host cells. Determination of viral loads by PCR demonstrated a concentration dependent decline in virus replication. Importantly, the relative ability of virus produced from treated cultures to infect new host cells was reduced by as much as 10,000-fold at noncytotoxic concentrations of oleandrin or PBI-05204.ConclusionsThe research demonstrates the potency of oleandrin and PBI-05204 to inhibit infectivity of three important enveloped bovine viruses in vitro. These data showing non-toxic concentrations of oleandrin inhibiting infectivity of three bovine viruses support further investigation of in vivo antiviral efficacy. Citation: Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy PubDate: 2022-05-25T06:21:08Z DOI: 10.1177/20402066221103960 Issue No:Vol. 30 (2022)
Authors:Hranush Avagyan, Anaida Mirzoyan, Ferdinand Mirzoyan, Roza Izmailyan, Sona Hakobyan, Henry Voskanyan, Zara Semerjyan, Aida Avetisyan, Hranush Arzumanyan, Elena Karalova, Liana Abroyan, Lina Hakobyan, Nane Bayramyan, Nazeli Gevorgyan, Alexander Karalyan, Zaven Karalyan Abstract: Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, Volume 30, Issue , January-December 2022. The water-based combination of two inorganic chemical compounds such as sodium tungstate dihydrate-Na2WO4 × 2H2O and Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate-Al2 (SO4) 3 × 18H2O that we have conditionally named ‘Vomifal’ has a broad antiviral activity in various DNA and RNA viruses, including Human Herpes Virus (HHV), African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Vaccinia Virus (VV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), Influenza A virus (A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)). In vitro and In vivo assays in several tissue cultures as well as in laboratory animals, conformed ‘Vomifal’ has a very low toxicity and the antiviral properties partially are due to its ability to induce gamma-IFN. Based on the results obtained, we can assume the presence of at least two mechanisms of the antiviral action of the studied drug. First or early stage - an unknown mechanism, possibly related to the effect on cellular receptors. Second or late stage – main antiviral properties probably associated with an interferonogenic effect. Citation: Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy PubDate: 2022-04-08T05:46:05Z DOI: 10.1177/20402066221090061 Issue No:Vol. 30 (2022)
Authors:Jureeporn Chuerduangphui, Thawaree Nukpook, Chamsai Pientong, Chantana Aromdee, Supawadee Suebsasana, Watcharee Khunkitti, Charinya So-in, Kanisara Proyrungroj, Tipaya Ekalaksananan Abstract: Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, Volume 30, Issue , January-December 2022. BackgroundIn our previous study, the semi-synthetic analog of andrographolide, 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide (IPAD), acts more effectively against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in cell culture than does acyclovir. IPAD inhibits cytopathic effect and production of HSV wild types and drug-resistant strains. Its effect is associated with the reduction of immediate-early regulatory protein (ICP27) and early proteins (ICP8 and UL42), indicating a mode of action different from that of acyclovir. Therefore, studies of the anti-HSV activity of IPAD in animal models are required before further application.Material & MethodPrednisolone-treated BALB/c mice were cutaneously infected with HSV-1 wild-type KOS strain. Experimental groups included control groups (untreated or treated only with the cream base) and treatment groups (with acyclovir or IPAD creams). Creams were applied four times daily for 10 days after infection to the relevant groups. The skin lesion score was assessed twice a day for 10 days. In addition, the effect of IPAD on HSV copy number and HSV late gene (gD) expression was investigated in skin lesion cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultIPAD cream was significantly effective in delaying the development of skin lesions and regression of the skin lesion score by day 5 (P Citation: Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy PubDate: 2022-04-05T06:59:31Z DOI: 10.1177/20402066221089724 Issue No:Vol. 30 (2022)