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- Cardioactive and Antihypertensive Properties of Tinospora crispa: An In
vivo Approach
Authors: Juhaer Anjum, Fahima Aktar, Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury, Abu Asad Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, Md Al Amin Sikder, Md Shah Amran
Pages: 1 - 6
Abstract: Tinospora crispa, a potent medicinal plant with multiple clinical indications, has a recorded history of ethnopharmaceutical use as an antihypertensive and has also been reported for its cardioactive properties. The antihypertensive and cardioactive properties of the plant were investigated in two different animal models of hypertension (ethanol-induced and digoxin-induced). In both models, the plant’s ethanolic extract was observed to exert a dose-dependent effect. Furthermore, treatment with the ethanolic extract resulted in no undesirable changes in liver and kidney function parameters such as serum SGOT, SGPT and creatinine levels. The ethanolic extract of the plant may, therefore, be considered safe and effective for the treatment of hypertension, although further extensive research into this is warranted. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 1-6, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74085
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- Alpha-amylase Activity in Serum is Positively Associated with C-reactive
Protein in Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Md Atiqur Rahman, Md Abdur Rahman Ripon, Mohammad Tohidul Amin, Dipty Rani Bhowmik, Md Shafiullah Bhuiyan , Mohammad Salim Hossain
Pages: 7 - 12
Abstract: Alpha-amylase plays a critical job in metabolic homeostasis. Appraisal of alpha-amylase activity in metabolic disorders, for example, obesity and diabetes are important. The current investigation was meant to evaluate the relationship of alpha-amylase activity with C-reactive protein in obesity and diabetes. Alpha-amylase activity along with different biochemical markers like glucose level, triglyceride, total cholesterol, C-responsive protein, and creatinine level were analyzed in healthy, obese, and diabetes populations. In obese and diabetes, a significant deviation (p<0.05) was seen in the degree of biochemical markers including blood glucose, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, and alpha-amylase action when compared with healthy volunteers. The alpha-amylase activity was found to be strongly associated (p< 0.01) with Body Mass Index (BMI), blood glucose level, and duration of diabetes Thus, it can be stated that alpha-amylase can initiate a cross-linking mechanism between BMI and blood glucose level facilitating the propensity of obesity and diabetes. Moreover, alpha-amylase indicated a positive correlation with CRP, a marker for inflammation, proposing a complex job in mediating inflammation in obesity (r= 0.486, p < 0.01) and diabetes (r=0.507, p<0.01). Serum creatinine was demonstrated as an insignificant positive correlation with alpha-amylase activity in obesity and type-2 diabetes. Alpha-amylase can be considered as a significant hazard factor in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes-related complications. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 7-12, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74086
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- Isolation, Chemical Modification and In vivo Pharmacological Screening of
Piperine and its Derivatives
Authors: Faria Tasneem, Poushali Saha, Sabiha Enam Spriha, Fahad Imtiaz Rahman, Nahid Sharmin, S M Abdur Rahman
Pages: 13 - 22
Abstract: Piperine (1) extracted from black pepper was transformed into its derivatives piperic acid (2) and piperonal (3) with good yields (69-76%). Animal models were used to examine the compounds' in vivo peripheral as well as central analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. In the peripheral analgesic experiment, compound 2 displayed remarkable action having writhing inhibition by 78% at 50 mg/kg dose, superior to that of 1 (74% writhing inhibition) when administered at the same dose and compared with standard diclofenac sodium (85%). Concerning central analgesic efficacy, piperonal outperformed compounds 1 and 2 at 25 mg/kg dose, with % tail-flick elongation times of 194%, 178%, and 178% at 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively. Conversely, at 50 mg/kg dose, piperic acid exhibited the highest activity, demonstrating % tail-flick elongation times of 231%, 213%, and 206% at 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively, as compared to the standard morphine (278%, 247%, and 160%) in the same duration. In anti-inflammatory property evaluation, piperonal portrayed outstanding effects with paw edema inhibitions of 57%, 66%, 76%, and 81%, respectively from 1st hour onwards, compared to standard aceclofenac (61%, 72%, 78%, and 89%) and parent compound piperine (20%, 34%, 51%, and 60%). This study suggests that piperine derivatives could act as promising leads for future drug development. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 13-22, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74087
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- In vivo and In silico Analysis of Antihypertensive Activities of Ficus
religiosa Fruit Extract
Authors: Nusrat Jahan Shawon, Kakoli Sutradhar, Shopnil Akash, Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury, Abu Asad Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, Md Shah Amran
Pages: 23 - 36
Abstract: Hypertension is one of the major cardiovascular diseases leading to serious health consequences including cardiovascular events such as stroke and even death. These may also include significant damages to the body’s most organs like heart, kidneys and brain. This deadly disease requires proper treatment drugs with lower cost and fewer adverse effects. In this study, Ficus religiosa fruit has been selected as a candidate plant and its fruit extract was used to perform different pharmacological tests in hypertensive rat model. It was observed that the extract decreased the heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) moderately in comparison to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) in ethanol‑induced hypertensive rats. These effects were similar to that of atenolol, a standard antihypertensive drug. While testing liver function, it was seen that SGOT and SGPT levels were reduced significantly. The creatinine value was decreased to 0.43±0.2 U/L from 2.9±1.3 U/L (induced by DOCA) and 2.6±1.6 U/L (induced by ethanol). While observing cardiovascular parameters, the fruit extract given at dose of 400 mg/kg, lowered total Cholesterol (TC) to 97 mg/dl from 176 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to 40 mg/dl from 75 mg/dl and Triglycerides (TG) to 61 mg/dl from 118 mg/dl. The increased values were induced by DOCA. In the same test, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased to 80 mg/dl from 44 mg/dl. These changes were comparable to those of the standard drug Atenolol. F. religiosa fruit contains different chemical constituents such as isofucosterol, leucopelargonidin, quercetin and beta sitosterol as reported earlier. Molecular docking studies with some of these constituents showed good binding affinity with the targeted protein (receptor) as compared to the standard drugs. Additionally, all the compounds have satisfied Lipinski’s rules and other pharmacokinetic parameters. Moreover, they showed no adverse effects in aquatic and non-aquatic environments. We, thus, conclude that F. religiosa fruit extract could be taken for the discovery of a safe alternative for managing hypertension. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 23-36, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74088
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- Synergistic Effect of Combination Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Sufia Islam, Azima Sultana Julie, Atkiya Nazifa, Marjana Khalil, Muhammad Asaduzzaman
Pages: 37 - 42
Abstract: Background: Infection caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a major health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). S. Typhi has been reported to be resistant to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. Objective: To find out the anti-microbial activity of combination antibiotics against resistant S. typhi. Materials and Methods: First, single antibiotic disks of ciprofloxacin, imipenem and vancomycin with the concentrations of 20, 40, 60 and 80 μg/ml were prepared and applied against sensitive S. typhi to confirm its susceptibility. Later, a resistant strain of Shigella flexneri was treated with single antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and imipenem) at the highest concentration (80 μg/ml) to determinets resistant behavior by measuring the zones of inhibition obtained from the disc diffusion assay. Co-culture was performed between the sensitive and resistant strains to develop the resistant strain of S. typhi. Combinations of antibiotics were used for susceptibility testing against the newly resistant strain of S. typhi by using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Experiments were carried out in triplicates and the average reading was recorded. Results: The study showed that different concentrations of the combination of vancomycin and imipenem (20, 40, 60, 80 μg/ml) exhibited 18, 20, 24- and 29-mm respective zone of inhibition (ZOI) against S. typhi. A combination of ciprofloxacin and imipenem also exhibited optimum ZOI. It was observed in this study that a single antibiotic treatment did not show any activity against newly resistant strains of S. typhi. Conclusions: The combination therapy can be used as a beneficial treatment approach in multi-drug resistant S. typhi infections. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 37-42, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74089
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Phytochemical Analysis of Chloroform Extracts
of Andrographis paniculata Root (Burm.F) and Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel)
Aerial Part
Authors: Oluwatoyin Babatunde, Olayiwola John Olusola
Pages: 43 - 51
Abstract: The menace of antibiotic resistance especially multi-drug resistant bacteria is increasing in the clinical setting. Therefore, the study investigated antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents of chloroform extracts of Andrographis paniculata root (Burm.F.) and Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel) aerial part. The extracts were screened for cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested against Citrobacter diversus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and Shigella sonnei using tetrazolium microtitre-plate method. Analysis of chemical components of the extracts was done on Agilent Technologies 7890A gas chromatograph system s. GC-MS analysis of A. paniculata root extract and P. nigrescens aerial part extracts revealed a total of 32 and 22 compounds, respectively. The major components identified in these two extracts were fatty acid esters, alkaloids and terpenes. The lowest MIC observed with A. paniculata extract was 6.25 μg/ml for Citrobacter diversus and 12.5 μg/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae. The lowest MIC recorded for Parquetina nigrescens extract was 3.125 μg/ml for Citrobacter diversus, Shigella sonnei and Proteus vulgaris while it was 12.5 μg/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae. The susceptibility was compared with a clinical antibiotic (0.02 μg/ml) which served as the positive control. P. nigrescens with LC50 of 89.75 ± 0.18 μg/ml showed higher lethal toxicity than A. paniculata with LC50 of 167.5 ± 0.21 μg/ml. The observed toxicity might be due to presence of fatty acids and alkaloids in the extracts. The extract of the plants investigated in our study showed promising antimicrobial activity. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 43-51, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74093
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- Isolation and Characterization of Irvingia gabonensis Seed Contents and
the Tableting Properties of its Gum Component
Authors: A O Shittu, N S Njinga
Pages: 53 - 62
Abstract: This experimental work was designed to isolate, purify and estimate the fatty acids contents of Irvingia gabonensis seeds (IGS) and to evaluate the tableting properties of the gum constituent of the seed in metformin tablet. A known amount of the IGS was crushed and dispersed in purified water at a temperature of 80oC, Ethanol (90 %) was added, filtered and dried at 40oC. The fatty acid components were recovered using petroleum ether, while the gum was further purified with ethanol (90%). The fatty acid contents obtained were analyzed using an Agilent G1701 GC/MSD system. The gum content was evaluated using parameters such as: flow rate, angle of repose, bulk and tapped density and Carr’s index. The gum was granulated with other excipients and metformin powder dried at 40oC. The granules were evaluated as was done for the gum and tablet compression done at 2.0 KN on a single punch tablet machine fitted with 12.5 mm diameter die size. The GC-MS revealed bioactive compounds mainly fatty acids– lauric acid (36.82%), myristic acid (31.52%), benzyl dodecanoate (9.06%) and palmitic acid (4.03%), n-decanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester, tetradecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl ester, etc. The granule size distribution revealed size and compactness in the following order: Acacia gum > IGS-gum > Gelatin, and average granule size for the batches were found to be 500 μm. Evaluation of metformin tablets gave the following results: crushing strength, friability, and disintegration time for B7 and B8 (7.5 and 10 %w/v IGS-gum as binder) as 58 and 68 N, 1.03% and 1.01%, 20.00 and 26.00 min., respectively. B3and B4 (7.5 and 10 %w/v acacia were shown as gum as binder) 44 and 48 N, 1.10 and 1.03%, 20.00 and 23.50 min., respectively. It can be concluded that at 7.5 and 10 %w/v, IGS-gum proved to be a better binder than acacia in metformin tablets formulation. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 53-62, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74094
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- Isolation and Characterization of Polyprenols from Litsea monopetala
(Roxb.) Pers.
Authors: Mir Shahriar Kamal, Sania Ashrafi, Sara Sultana, Mohammad A Rashid, Monira Ahsan, Mohammad Mehedi Masud, Mohammad Rashedul Haque
Pages: 63 - 68
Abstract: Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. (Family: Lauraceae) is a plant that holds substantial ethnobotanical significance due to its traditional and cultural importance. In this study, we conducted an extensive chemical investigation on L. monopetala, a plant native to the regions including Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. Two unique secondary metabolites were isolated and characterized from ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of the leaves of L. monopetala which were identified as tri-trans poly-cis prenol-15 (1), and its acetylated derivative tri-trans poly-cis prenol-15 (2). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined through in-depth analysis of their highresolution 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC spectroscopic data, along with comparison to existing published data. Both the compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time. Further studies are recommended to analyze the potential bioactivity associated with the molecules. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 63-68, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74095
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- In vitro Biological Activities and Fatty Acid Composition Analysis of Musa
paradisiaca L. Inflorescence
Authors: Nusrat Tabassum Shristy, Md Omar Sha Rafi, Sauda Sultana Mimi, Vaskar Chowdhury, Md Hasanur Rahman, Tofail Ahmad Chowdhury
Pages: 69 - 76
Abstract: Musa paradisiaca L. is native to tropical climate. Inflorescences of this herb are used as a treatment of digestive distresses. This study involved analysis of the fatty acid contents and some in-vitro pharmacological activities of the inflorescence. Modified Kupchan method was used for extraction in solvents of varying polarity. Fatty acid content analysis was conducted on n-hexane extract; Palmitoleic acid was found to be the highest in proportion in both bound (34.40%) and free (37.80%) forms. n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts exhibited cytotoxicity against carcinoma cell (HeLa cell line). Ethyl acetate extract possessed significant amount of free radical (DPPH) scavenging capability (IC50 = 66.92±0.3065 μg/ml). The n-Hexane extract was found to be rich in phenolics (26.40 ± 0.033 mg GE/g) and flavonoids (83.40± 0.099 mg QE/g). Dichloromethane fraction exhibited the highest zone of inhibition (15 mm) against the bacterium Shigella dysenteriae. Ethyl acetate fraction showed blood clot lysis activity of 29.35% (standard streptokinase 63.05%). Presence of potent bioactivities imply the prospects of this sample as a source of lead compounds for effective formulations against chronic digestive diseases. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 69-76, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74096
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- Effects of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) Extract on the Acquisition and
Expression of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Swiss
Albino Mice: an In vivo, In Silico Approach
Authors: Sarmin Akther Tithy, Md Monir Hossain, Diponkor Kumar Shill, Md Siam Hossain, Arifin Islam, Md Islam Molla, Sayeda Jahan
Pages: 77 - 92
Abstract: Empirical findings have demonstrated that the application of an N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist effectively prevents the formation of morphine-induced location preference. Eugenol, the primary constituent found in the extract of S. aromaticum (SA), exhibits notable efficacy in traversing the blood-brain barrier and possesses inhibitory properties against the metabotropic NMDA receptor. This study aimed to evaluate the actions of the hydro-alcoholic extract of S. aromaticum on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice, followed by in silico studies. The conditioned place preference (CPP) test was used for investigating addictive-seeking behavior. Morphine (5 mg/kg) was used to produce CPP, and saline was used as a control. Morphine significantly increased the preference scores on the drug-paired side (p<0.001), whereas both doses of S. aromaticum extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) did not reveal any liking compared to the control group. Higher doses of S. aromaticum extract (400 mg/kg) reduced the acquisition of MOR-induced CPP (p<0.001) but had no significant effect on the expression of morphine CPP. Molecular docking analysis showed that the binding affinities of eugenol to NMDA receptor are -5.1 kcal/mol, comparable to the reference NMDA antagonist memantine which has -5.6 kcal/mol binding affinity to NMDA receptor. Eugenol formed hydrophobic bonds with NMDA receptors at VAL644, PHE554, TRP563 and TYR647 residues, comparable to the binding affinity of NMDA antagonist memantine. ADMET analysis showed that eugenol has high intestinal absorption and good bioavailability (>90%) and can cross the BBB easily (logBB> 0.3). On the basis of our in vivo trials and in silico report, we settled that the acquisition effect of S. aromaticum might be due to the antioxidant and antagonistic properties of eugenol to NMDA receptor. It would be reasonable to conduct mechanistic research in the forthcoming days to elucidate the underlying mechanisms utilizing various methodologies. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 77-92, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74097
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
- Development of a Validated RP-HPLC Method Using Full Factorial Design for
the Analysis of Ramipril
Authors: Md Jahid Hossain, Diponkor Kumar Shill, Sreedam Chandra Das, Khondoker Shahin Ahmed, Hemayet Hossain, Uttom Kumar
Pages: 93 - 102
Abstract: The primary objective of this study is to develop and optimize a simple, novel, reproducible, and efficient RP-HPLC method using quality by design (QbD) approach for the routine analysis of ramipril. The chromatographic separation was carried out by C18 column with an isocratic elution of a mobile phase of 65:35 (%v/v) acetonitrile: water at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The detection was done at a wavelength of 210 nm using a photo-diode array plus (PDA+) detector. A 32 full-factorial design was employed for the development of analytical method using Design Expert® software in which the mobile phase composition and flow rate were taken as independent variables and the retention time (RT), tailing factor (TF) and theoretical plate count (TP) were chosen as responses of the study. Statistically significant models were obtained for the development of the method (p<0.05). The empirical responses perfectly fitted to that of predicted, with an error within the tolerance of ± 2%. This indicates that the model efficiently identified the optimum levels of independent variables, i.e. the composition of mobile phase and its flow rate, to get the desirable responses. The validation of the developed method followed the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, demonstrating that the method is robust and well-suited for the routine analysis of ramipril in active pharmaceutical ingredients and in drug products. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 93-102, 2024 (June)
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v23i1.74098
Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 1 (2024)
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