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- Quality Characteristics and Αlpha-Tocopherol Content of Shea Butter
Authors: Olufunmilayo Ebunoluwa Adejumo, Temilade Arinola Edun, Adelodun Lawrence Kolapo, Olatunde Adekunle Ayodele
Pages: 105 - 115
Abstract: Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) butter samples from selected markets in Nigeria were analyzed for AOAC quality characteristics and α-tocopherol content. The α-tocopherol was determined by RP-HPLC and mg per serving and % daily values (% DV) were estimated. The ranges of acid value (AV) [mgKOH/kg], free fatty acid (FFA) [%], peroxide value (PV) [meqO2/Kg], iodine value (IV) [gI2/100g] and saponification value (SV) [mgKOH/g] were 2.20- 2.59, 1.15-1.30, 0.75-0.95, 44.43-47.85 and 170.08-259.30, respectively. The -tocopherol had a retention time of 3.561 minutes and its content ranged from 1.15-2.60 mg/100 g in the samples, but 5.25 mg/100 g for the laboratory sample. Milligram (mg) per serving and percentage dietary value were 0.16-0.74 and 1.07-4.93, respectively. Quality characteristics varied significantly (p < 0.05) both within and across different markets. Based on the PV and IV results, the marketed shea butter samples may be both food and industry-grade but failed the FFA test. Similarly, 40% of samples did not qualify for domestic consumption and food industry applications. Hence, the samples with <5% DV values cannot serve as dietary sources of α-tocopherol. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 105-115, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63112
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- A Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate People's Knowledge, Attitude and
Practice Towards Using Disinfectants and Sanitizers During COVID-19
Pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Koma Afrin Rintu, Kazi Milenur Rahman Prattay, KM Yasif Kayes Sikdar, Tanvir Rahman, Md Raihan Sarkar, Tanveer Hossain
Pages: 117 - 126
Abstract: The devastating novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide has become a global health crisis. This disease is highly contagious and caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, disinfectants and sanitizers are very effective and readily available preventive agents. In this study, knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) levels of Bangladeshi people's were assessed regarding the use of disinfectants and sanitizers during the pandemic. An online questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the respondents from July 2021 to December 2021. A total number of 428 respondents participated in this survey. Data were analysed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) V26 software and interpreted. Results revealed that most of the respondents were knowledgeable, had a positive attitude and engaged in beneficial practice. Among the respondents, a significantly higher knowledge and practice score were observed among females (54.1% and 54.4%, respectively) than their counterpart. Moreover, people living in urban areas (71.7%) had a better attitude than the rural people (28.3%). In addition, a medium positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = + 0.482), a weak positive association between attitude and practice (r = +0.199), and a weak positive association between knowledge and practice (r = + 0.282) were found. Overall, majority of the respondents had better KAP scores in knowledge and attitude with relatively low scores in practice which indicates some space for betterment. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 117-126, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63113
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- Ethnopharmacological Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Health
Practitioners and Indigenous People in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
for the Treatment of Dysentery
Authors: Sajan Das, Shupti Rani Bhadra, Muhammad Shah Mohtasim Khan, Md Mahfuzul Hasan, Md Rafi Anwar, Mohammad Shahriar
Pages: 127 - 146
Abstract: Dysentery is frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality and is found in young children and mainly affects those in developing nations. Rural people across the world trust on herbal remedies and homeopathic medicines for their primary health care on account of their easy accessibility, efficacy and exceptionally cost ampleness in relation to modern drugs. The purpose of the present study was to compile knowledge of traditional healers and indigenous people in Chittagong hill tracts, Bangladesh, including Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari for the treatment of dysentery. The ethnomedicinal data was gathered from January 2019 to January 2020 through open and focused group discussions and individual meetings utilizing semi-structured questionnaire. An aggregate of 75 people were interviewed, including traditional health practitioners. Frequency and percentage were utilized to sum up the data. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) was determined and inclination positioning activities were led to appraise the significance of the revealed medicinal plants. An aggregate of 90 medicinal plants from 52 families and 79 genera were recorded during the survey. Leaves were discovered to be the most largely used plant part (35%) followed by root (19%) and herbs (40%) were the essential wellspring of medicinal plants, followed by trees (20%). The major mode of preparation is juice (68%) followed by paste (11%) and cooked form (7%). Centella asiatica scored the highest RFC value (0.773). The survey addresses the preliminary information of certain medicinal plants having anti-dysenteric property. However, further phytochemical investigation, validation and clinical trial sought to be conducted, with need given to those that scored the most elevated RFC values prior to utilizing these plants as an option in contrast to modern medicine. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 127-146, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63114
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Capacity
of Different Parts of Averrhoa carambola L.
Authors: Md Mizanur Rhaman, Mohammad Shoeb, Md Nazrul Islam
Pages: 147 - 151
Abstract: Averrhoa carambola L. belonging to the Oxalidaceae family has fruits with attractive star shape. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of various parts of A. carambola have been studied to explore active extracts for novel antioxidant compounds. Methanol extract of bark contained the highest amount of phenolic constituent (125 mg GAE/g of dry extract). However, hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts contained the maximum number of flavonoids and were 45, 92 and 72 mg QE/g of dry extract, respectively. Since the bark possessed the highest antioxidant capacity, it contained more phenolic compounds than other extracts of fruits and leaves. Total antioxidant capacity of hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of bark were 62, 117 and 151 mg AAE/g of dry extract, respectively. The results recommend that the bark part can be a good source of phenolic compounds as it showed the highest antioxidant capacity. The fruit and leave parts are also rich sources of antioxidant compounds. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 147-151, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63115
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- Evaluation of the Formulation of Combined Dosage Form of Albendazole and
Mebendazole through In vitro Physicochemical and Anthelmintic Study
Authors: Kaniz Fatema, BK Sajeeb, KM Yasif Kayes Sikdar, ASM Monjur Al Hossain, Sitesh C Bachar
Pages: 153 - 163
Abstract: In the current study, the combination of albendazole and mebendazole was analyzed as a potential anthelmintic agent against Lumbricus terrestris (commonly known as earthworms). The in vitro analysis showed the combination of 400 mg albendazole and 300 mg mebendazole had more significant therapeutic activities (mean paralysis time 58 minutes and mean death time 97.33 minutes) than the others. Then the combinations were formulated as tablet using different ratios of excipients where formulation-D performed excellent flow properties (Carr’s index: 14.04±0.27, Hausner’s ratio: 1.19 ± 0.03, Angle of repose: 40.22 ± 0.73). The dosage form prepared from formulation-D had better hardness of 9.40 ± 0.34 kg-N and loss of weight of 0.003 mg compared to other formulations. In terms of disintegration and dissolution studies, formulation-D exhibited excellent properties. The tablet was disintegrated fully within 8.94 ± 0.37 minutes in phosphate buffer (pH 8.3) and dissolution analysis showed R2 of 0.995 for albendazole and 0.991 for mebendazole which were statistically significant. The postformulation anthelmintic study showed that the prepared tablet dosage form was therapeutically effective because it paralyzed and killed all the earthworms within 56 and 85 minutes, respectively. Finally, the tablet was subjected to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis which confirmed better surface morphology and drug-drug compatibility within the dosage form. The next stage of the work will focus on in vivo analysis for market preparation. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 153-163, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63116
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- Evaluation of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench on the Reduction of Creatinine
Levels and Its Antioxidant Properties In vitro
Authors: Ogochukwu Immaculate Obika, Aminat Asabi Oyawaluja, Joseph O Oiseoghaede, Olukemi Abiodun Odukoya, Ngozi Afulenu Obika Ndiri
Pages: 165 - 172
Abstract: The study investigated the effect of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench extract on the renal activity of both normal and ailing patients. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, vacuum liquid chromatography and TLC were carried out. The creatinine reduction ability was analyzed using Jaffe’s method for clean-catch spot urine samples of normal, diabetic and hypertensive patients. S. bicolor showed strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 52.17 μg/ml, compared to the standard vitamin C with an IC50 value of 40.59 μg/ml. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) result showed a significant difference between the patients’ urine (rows) (p-value = 2.77×10–08) and a significant difference between the dose treatments (columns) (p-value = 8.38×10–14). Whilst different fractions of S. bicolor at different concentrations showed varying effects on the creatinine concentration, it reduced creatinine level in low doses and has antioxidant properties. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 165-172, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63117
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- In vitro Comparative Studies of the Leaf Extracts of Four Different Types
of Calamus Species
Authors: Munsifa Sultana, Sajan Das, Mohammad Shahriar, Rumana Akhter, Isa Naina Mohamed, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
Pages: 173 - 181
Abstract: The leaf extracts of Calamus tenius, Calamus viminalis, Calamus guruba and Calamus erectus possessed various phytochemicals including alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, fixed oils and steroids. The point of the present investigation was to compare the antioxidant profile of different leaf extracts of these species. In the present study, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extract of leaf of C. tenius, C. viminalis, C. guruba and C. erectus were explored for in-vitro thrombolytic activity, membrane stabilizing activity by using hypotonic solution-induced & heat-induced hemolysis and antioxidant profile. Ethanol extracts of all plant species demonstrated the highest percentage of clot lysis. During hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis, methanol extract of C. erectus inhibited 59.74% whereas during heat induced condition ethanol extracts of all plant species demonstrated the highest percentage inhibition of hemolysis of RBCs. The screenings of the plants revealed that leaf extracts contain phenolic and flavonoid contents in great amount with the high level of antioxidant capacity. The chloroform extract of C. tenius (2.45 μg/ml) and methanol extract of C. erectus (1.74 μg/ml) leaf showed potent DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activity, respectively. The nitric oxide scavenging activity was not significantly different for methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts. Methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of these four plants showed medium to moderate reducing power and cupric reducing capacity in comparison to standard. A strong relationship was found between the antioxidant activity of the extracts with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 173-181, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63118
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Potentials of Endophytic Fungi
Associated with Bangladeshi Medicinal Plant Tinospora Cordifolia
Authors: Gazi Monjur Murshid, Md Hossain Sohrab, Khondoker Shahin Ahmed, Mohammad Mehedi Masud, Md Abdul Mazid
Pages: 183 - 194
Abstract: Endophytes provide mutual benefits and produce various biologically active secondary metabolites in plants. Our study was designed to isolate and identify fungal endophytes from fresh leaf and bark of Tinospora cordifolia, coupled with their bioactivity and preliminary chemical screening. Six endophytic fungi were isolated using surface sterilization technique. The fungi were identified by microscopic and molecular characterization and confirmed TCLE-1 as Fusarium perseae, TCLE-2 as Fusarium keratoplasticum, TCLE-3 as fusarium macrosporum, TCBE-1 as Fusarium falciforme and TCBE-2 as well as TCBE-3 leaving unidentified. Isolated strains were cultured in large scale on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and were extracted using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of fungal extracts was performed by disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity using HeLa cell line by MTT assay. In antimicrobial test, all the fungal extracts except TCBE-2 showed moderate to potent activity in comparison to the standard kanamycin. All, except TCBE-2, demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity on HeLa cell. Preliminary chemical profiling using thin liquid chromatography (TLC) and analytical high performance liquid chromatography techniques indicated the presence of secondary metabolites in fungal extracts. In conclusion, endophytic fungi reside in the T. cordifolia, a native medicinal plant in Bangladesh, could be a potent source of putative antibacterial and anticancer compounds. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 183-194, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63119
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- Study of Risk Factors and Assessment of Hematotoxicity and Oxidative
Stress Among Women Stroke Patient with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Derouiche Samir, Salem Saadia, Leguemairi Maroua
Pages: 195 - 203
Abstract: This study aims at evaluating some risk factors and the variation of certain hematological and oxidative stress markers in women with stroke disease. The observation (clinical study) was done on 130 voluntary women, divided into metabolic syndrome patients with and without stroke disease. Risk factors were estimated by Chi-square test. Results demonstrated that the high levels of family stress, self-medication and anticoagulants treatment were the most dangerous risk factors to stroke diseases, whereas brushing of teeth daily had an important protective factors against participants from disease. From biological study, results showed that RBC, hemoglobin, GSH and total thiol levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05) while WBC, neutrophile, platelet, MDA, SOD, ORAC and vit C levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in women with metabolic syndrome (MS) + stroke patients as compared to MS patients without stroke. In conclusion, several socioeconomic and clinical factors contributed to the dispersion and development of the stroke. In addition, oxidative stress during metabolic syndrome contributes to the development of stroke disease. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 195-203, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63120
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- Influence of Cardiologists’ Demographic Profile on Overall Satisfaction
Towards Marketing Mix Strategies
Authors: Jesmin Sultana, Mohammad Saifuddin, Zakir Hossain Bhuiyan
Pages: 205 - 215
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the influence of cardiologists’ demographic characteristics on their satisfaction towards marketing mix strategies (MMS) employed by pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh. Cardiologists (156) were asked to rate the importance of variables of MMS indicating their degree of agreement with satisfaction statement using a 5-point Likert scale. The variables of marketing mix (4Ps) that can be ranked as top 5 out of 14 variables according to their Spearman correlation coefficients are - brand image (r = 0.532); selling skill of medical representatives (r = 0.507), place of retail pharmacy (r = 0.484), promotional policies (r = 0.476) and continuous medical education program for doctors (r = 0.345). Though the overall mean satisfaction score of females (M = 4.06, SD = 0.87) is higher than that of male (M=3.84, SD =1.02), the difference is not significant; p = 0.260, Cohen’s d = 0.217 showed the effect is small. Experience above 10 years was labeled as high (41%), otherwise low (59%). Experience had substantial influence on perceived satisfaction towards promotion. Finally, overall satisfaction scores varied based on academic qualification of cardiologists; p < 0.05, and Eta-squared = 0.068 implies medium effect. The highest overall satisfaction score was attained for D. Card and others (M = 4.32, SD = 0.82) and the lowest is for MD (M = 3.57, SD =10.9). Cardiologists’ satisfaction score towards product (the lowest is for MD and the highest is for D. Card and others); p < 0.05; Eta-squared = 0.05 (small effect) and promotion (the lowest is for MBBS and the highest is for D. Card and others) vary significantly according to their academic qualification, p < 0.05; Eta-squared = 0.095 implies medium effect. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 205-215, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63121
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plants Used by the Ethnic People of
Khagrachhari District, Bangladesh
Authors: BK Sajeeb, Mohammad Zashim Uddin, Ritesh Bachar, Sitesh C Bachar
Pages: 217 - 230
Abstract: The present study deals with important ethnopharmacological information, both in qualitative and quantitative manners on medicinal plants of Khagrachhari district of Bangladesh. The survey was conducted in a period of six months from January 2016 to June 2016 and was interviewed among 155 ethnic people including tribal, Bengalis and 14 traditional health practitioners of eight upazillas in open and semi structured form. The most of the interviewers were Chakma (82%), Marma (8%) and the rest were Tripura (2%) and Bengalis (8%). The total ethnomedicinal plant species was 94, among them 92 were angiosperms, one was gymnosperm and one fern. The plant species belonging to 44 families and 86 generas are used to treat about 53 types of ailments. The different life forms among the species are 28 herbs, 25 trees, 24 shrubs and 17 climbers. The survey showed that the most commonly used plant part was leaves (34.55%) and the most frequent method of preparation was extraction (39.18%) against different ailments. The major treatment options of the medicinal plants of Khagrachhari hilly areas are identified from the study and recommended to take immediate measures for conservation of traditional knowledge of the area. This study showed a hopeful perception for future studies, flaking light on taking immediate measures on inventory of medicinal plants of hilly areas, documentation of verbal information, conservation of threatened plant species, sustainable management of risky areas and preservation of traditional knowledge of herbal medicine in Khagrachhari district, Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 217-230, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63122
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
- Phytochemical, Biochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Plantago
ovata (Ispaghula Husk) – A Review
Authors: Kakoli Sutradhar, Md Rafat Tahsin, Sania Ashrafi, Sonia Ferdousy, Tahmina Akter, Fahima Aktar, Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury, Abu Asad Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, Md Shah Amran
Pages: 231 - 243
Abstract: The plantation, evolvement, phytochemical, pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties of Plantago ovata have been reviewed to reconnoiter the plant’s diverse properties. P. ovata belonging to the family Plantaginaceae is a perennial plant native to the Mediterranean area, particularly Southern Europe, North Africa and West Asia. It has a variety of medicinal and pharmacological effects as it is frequently employed in a variety of medications for its medicinal features such as mucilage, super-disintegrant, gelling agent and suspending agent as well as pharmacological effects such as anti-diarrheal, anti-constipation, wound curer, hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemia. That’s why, P. ovata may be utilized to make a variety of medicinal products as well as a safe and effective ethnobotanical cure for different health problems. A number of market preparations of Ispaghula are also available in the local market of Bangladesh. Information regarding diversified properties of P. ovata collected from different electronic databases (PubMed, Springer link, MDPI link, ResearchGate, Google, Google Scholar and Science Direct) have been summarized here to support the researchers to retrieve information about P. ovata. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 231-243, 2022 (December)
PubDate: 2022-12-28
DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63123
Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 2 (2022)
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