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- Utilizing Biosimilars to Help Increase Patients Access and Minimize the
Financial Burden of Health Care System in Egypt
Authors: Doaa M. Abd-El-Rady et al.
Abstract: Background: Biologics have provided enhanced clinical advantages, but at expense of enormous expenditures. The exorbitant expense of biologics was somewhat mitigated by the development of biosimilars. But biosimilars market access is still recessed in many countries including Egypt. To achieve biosimilars market sustainability, countries need to evaluate the health economic barriers that biosimilars face in gaining market access.Methods: A retrospective budget impact analysis was conducted to compare the cost of biosimilars to that of their reference biologics from Egyptian regulatory perspective over a five-year period (2018-2022). Time series forecasting analysis was conducted to predict the cost savings in the upcoming five years. Finally, the study investigated local stakeholders’ perspective on the biosimilars sustainability through a specially designed online questionnaire.Results: This study provided insight into the budget impact of biosimilars in Egypt. More than 2.97 billion L.E. savings were achieved upon using biosimilars instead of their originator biologics. The predicted cost savings from biosimilars in the years (2023-2027) would grow to be more than 18.9 billion L.E. Finally, the study determined the four key insights into the policies that are essential to build a sustainable Egyptian market for biosimilars.Conclusion: The present study suggests that the introduction of biosimilars in Egypt had a positive budget impact. Cost savings are expected to grow, this could be achieved through increased competition and reduced prices
PubDate: Mon, 08 Jul 2024 22:50:40 PDT
- Cost Variation Analysis of Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs in the Egyptian Market
Authors: George G. Abdelmessih et al.
Abstract: Introduction: Type II diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition requiring lifelong medication. This study aims to analyze the cost variation of the oral hypoglycemic drugs in the Egyptian pharmaceutical market. Methodology: Egyptian drug database of the Egyptian Drug Authority was used to get the official prices of drugs in the Egyptian pharmaceutical market analyzed in this study. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation were calculated. The price was documented using unit dose of 1 tablet per EGP.Results: Out of 15 oral hypoglycemic drugs in the Egyptian market at closing 2022 (9 monotherapy and 6 combination therapy) of 6 different classes of 22 formulations and 88 manufacturing companies, the average cost variation percentage is 178.5%. The highest cost variability of the monotherapy oral hypoglycemic drugs was seen with biguanides (metformin 500 mg, 1100%), while the lowest cost variability was seen with meglitinides (nateglinide 120 mg, 11%).Conclusion: High cost variation of oral hypoglycemics exist in the Egyptian market increasing the economic burden of type II diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the Egyptian Drug Authority should control the cost variation, Physicians should be educated on the cost-effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic drugs and the Universal Health Coverage in Egypt has to be launched instead of out of pocket payment of patients in an attempt to minimize the economic burden of the disease.
PubDate: Wed, 12 Jun 2024 21:45:52 PDT
- A cost variation analysis of antibiotics available for the management of
community acquired pneumonia, outpatient setting in Egypt
Authors: Yara Khalaf et al.
Abstract: BackgroundAround 71.8% of all expenditures in Egypt are out-of-pocket expenses for health care. Almost all medications, including antibiotics, come in a variety of brand names with varying prices.ObjectiveTo assess the variation in prices of different brands of antibiotics used for the management of adult community-acquired pneumonia in the outpatient settings.Patients and proceduresList of antibiotics selected using guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults at the outpatient setting and those antibiotics specified in the national list of essential medicines (NLEM) 2022, Egypt, was prepared. Percentage cost variation and cost ratio of different brands of these antibiotics were determined and compared.ResultsSixteen antibiotics specified in NLEM 2022 were found. The number of brands ranged from 2 to 74. We found large cost variations among different brands of the same antibiotics. The minimum cost variation was 6.8% for parenteral moxifloxacin while the maximum cost variation was 700% for oral levofloxacin.ConclusionThe prices of various brands of the same antibiotics that are specified in the NLEM vary significantly. Prescribing doctors should consider the financial status of the patient and use the most affordable varieties of antibiotics to make sure that patients finish the specific course of therapy and limit the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
PubDate: Wed, 12 Jun 2024 21:45:45 PDT
- A cross – Sectional observational study on Pharmacoeconomics burden of
COVID -19 in Ashmoun fever hospital Delta Egypt
Authors: Marwa Helmi Desouki et al.
Abstract: Background: A wide range of respiratory illnesses like common colds, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are caused by coronaviruses.In 2019 scientists in Wuhan, China discovered a new coronavirus (COVID-19). Unknown new coronavirus that infected people for the first time and causes losses for humans. It has caused a large number of deaths around the world and a greater number of injuries, and the countries of the world began to take measures and closures to confront the spread of this virus, and the economy was greatly affected.Aim of Study: This study provides actual data about load that face ministry of health in Egypt during the management of COVID -19 crises, through evaluating the healthcare cost (Direct medical costs and indirect cost) associated with running the crise Covid-19.Method: A retrospective study was done based on data collected from records of patients who are admitted to fever hospital Delta Egypt suffering from Covid-19. The study evaluated the direct medical costs and indirect cost during their stay in hospital. The study assessed 404 subjects between March-2020 to March 2021.This descriptive-analytical study will discuss the economic burden of COVID-19 on the budget of ministry of health through assessment the part of healthcare cost (Direct medical costs). The research consisted of patients who visited the Ashmoun Fever Hospitals - Delta - Egypt for their symptoms of COVID-19.Results: the 404 patients being studied we observed that, according to demographics including gender and age, we have 46 % male, 54% Female, the total direct medical cost were estimated to be 13,445,113,980.97 LE and per patient was estimated cost to be 26,074.3612 LE, the mean indirect cost were estimated to be 27,389.40 LE.Conclusion: The results of the study showed the severe danger of this virus, which affected all countries of the world. The high cost that health care systems afford, which demonstrated the ability of health care systems to withstand the pandemic in large numbers. The impact of the economy on the short and long-term is a great burden, and this impact differed on the policies and procedures of all countries that have undertaken to confront this pandemic.
PubDate: Mon, 27 May 2024 22:31:01 PDT
- Cost Variation Analysis of Biological Drugs, Corticosteroids and
Conventional Treatments used for Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Egyptian
Market
Authors: Menna ElSaeid et al.
Abstract: BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks healthy cells primarily in the hands, knees, and wrist joints, causing chronic inflammation and pain. This process damages joint tissues, leading to deformation and imbalance.Materials and MethodsThe cost of different drugs used according to the latest Egyptian guidelines for the treatment of RA — 2022 update were gathered from the Egyptian Drug Authority and Drug Eye. The prices of branded drugs and generic equivalents were compared . The differences between the maximum and minimum cost of various brands of the same drug were analyzed, cost variation percentages and cost ratio were calculated Statistical analysis was made using Microsoft Excel.ResultsAll drugs used in the treatment of RA are available in tablet and vial forms in which the highest cost variation between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) was 166.7% for leflunomide 100mg. For biologicals, the highest cost variation was 1035.8% for baricitinib. There was minimal cost variation among corticosteroids except for prednisolone 5mg with cost variation 591.66%.ConclusionThis study revealed significant cost disparities among diverse treatment modalities employed for the management of RA in Egypt. Thus, it is imperative for physicians to prioritize prescribing the most cost-effective alternatives. Additionally, governmental initiatives such as cost reduction measures or expanding coverage under governmental insurance schemes could alleviate the healthcare financial burden borne by patients.
PubDate: Mon, 27 May 2024 22:30:55 PDT
- A Cost Variation Analysis of Drugs Available for the Treatment of
Hypothyroidism in the Egyptian Market
Authors: Nourhanne M. El-Sebaey et al.
Abstract: Background: A sizable portion of each nation's overall healthcare costs is being spent on pharmaceutical products. Hence, alternative and competing healthcare strategies or multiple brands of a specific prescription must be prioritized, especially in the case of chronic illnesses for countries with limited resources. That is why we conducted this analysis to start a series of cost variation analyses to help decision-makers, healthcare insurers, and even physicians to be well-informed and aware of the cost variation of available treatment options for optimal selection of the most convenient alternative. Objective: This analysis was conducted to determine the cost variation among levothyroxine options for hypothyroidism treatment currently available in the Egyptian market. Methodology: Ten alternatives of levothyroxine (25, 50, 100 mcg) were identified, and the corresponding prices were derived from the Egyptian Drug Authority Database. Different cost analyses were conducted through Microsoft Excel software. Results: The maximum retail cost per tablet that was observed in the branded levothyroxine 100 mcg is 0.70 EGP, while the minimum retail cost per tablet that was observed in levothyroxine 100 mcg generic medications is 0.11 EGP. The maximum cost ratio was observed between levothyroxine 100 mcg medications and was estimated at 6.364. The highest percent cost variation of 536.36% was noticed in levothyroxine 100 mcg medications compared to the percent cost variation of levothyroxine 50 mcg medications. The generic alternatives of levothyroxine 50 mcg have recorded a cost variation of 0%. Conclusion: There is a wide variation in pricing amongst generic levothyroxine in both concentrations compared to branded levothyroxine.
PubDate: Mon, 27 May 2024 22:30:48 PDT
- Design and validation of eco-friendly chemometric-assisted
spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of
chlorzoxazone, paracetamol, and aceclofenac in the presence of their main
impurities
Authors: Ayoub N. Mozayad et al.
Abstract: Objective: The goal of this work is to develop and validate eco-friendly spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of chlorzoxazone (CHZ), paracetamol (PAR), and aceclofenac (ACF) in the presence of their major impurities, specifically 2-amino-4-chlorophenol (ACP), 4-aminophenol (4-AP), and diclofenac (DCF), in commercially available tablet dosage forms using chemometric techniques. Method: Six chemometric models, namely classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares (PLS) regression, and principal component regression (PCR), in addition to feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural networks (FFBP-ANN), cascade-forward back-propagation artificial neural networks (CFBP-ANN), and radial basis function artificial neural networks (RBF-ANN), were employed to analyze the synthetic mixtures, which included the cited drugs and their main impurities and degradation products, using phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) as the green solvent. A validation set of seven mixtures in the wavelength range of 260–302.4 nm at 0.1 nm intervals was used to validate the suggested models after they had been constructed with a calibration set of twelve mixtures. Results: The proposed multivariate calibration methods exhibited good linear relationships in accordance with the Beer-Lambert law, spanning concentration ranges of 6–19 µg mL−1 for CHZ, 8.45–24.05 µg mL−1 for PAR, and 2.4-7.6 µg mL−1 for ACF, and were validated following the ICH guidelines. The accuracy of laboratory-prepared mixtures ranged from 97–102%, with an intra-day precision relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of less than 1% and an inter-day precision R.S.D. of less than 1.95%. Additionally, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was ≤1.0. The accuracy of co-formulated tablets was also satisfactory, with mean percentage recoveries falling within the range of 97-104.5%. Conclusion: The six suggested methods were simple, accurate, selective, quick, and eco-friendly, making them appropriate for routine analysis of the cited drugs in ternary mixtures and co-formulated tablets in quality-control laboratories.
PubDate: Thu, 09 May 2024 21:35:57 PDT
- Smart Spectrophotometric Approaches for Estimation of Difluprednate in
Existence of Its Synthetic Precursor and Alkaline Degradation Product;
Comparative Statistical Studies and Analytical Ecological Appraisal
Authors: Heidi R. Abd El-Hadi et al.
Abstract: Scientists are currently attempting to lessen the harmful effects that chemicals and solvents have on the environment. The current work suggests four sensitive and sustainable spectrophotometric techniques for quantifying difluprednate (DIF) in presence of hydrocortisone acetate, which is a synthetic precursor of DIF, and in the presence of DIF alkaline degradation product. These methods are dual wavelength, fourier self-deconvolution, first derivative, and double divisor derivative ratio. The linearity range for all methods was 15.00-40.00 µg/mL. There is no statistically significant difference between established and reported methods, and the suggested strategies are more environmentally friendly than the reported one.
PubDate: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 02:31:05 PDT
- A Comprehensive Review on Solenostemma argel (Del.) Hayne, An Egyptian
Medicinal Plant
Authors: Essam Abdel-Sattar et al.
Abstract: Solenostemma argel (Del.) Hayne, commonly known as Arghel or Hargal, is a desert plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It has been used in traditional medicine in various countries, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, and Sudan, where it is the primary source. The review is aimed at providing a comprehensive report on Solenostemma argel (Del.) Hayne, including its botanical identification and description, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytoconstituents, and pharmacological and toxicological properties. A professional search in the available literature was performed through several databases. The search was performed using the following keywords: Solenostemma argel, Argel, chemical structures, biological effects, mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, and toxicity. The review covers the period from its inception to the year 2024. The search resulted in the identification of fifty-three metabolites from S. argel, with pregnanes and pregnane glycosides being the major key metabolites. S. argel demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-obesity activities. Most of the published reports revealed that S. argel is considered a safe drug, and its administration in various forms showed no sign of toxicity in humans. Nevertheless, further bioactivity-guided isolation studies are required to evaluate and confirm its traditional uses, mechanism of action, quality control, and safety regarding its active phytoconstituent(s).
PubDate: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 02:30:59 PDT
- Ameliorative Effect Of Aqueous Leaf Extract Of Cola Acuminata On Mercury
Chloride- Induced Neurotoxicity In Male Wistar Rat
Authors: AYINLA Maryam T et al.
Abstract: Ameliorative effect of aqueous leaf extract of Cola acuminata(ALECA) on mercury chloride- induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rat was investigated. Thirty six (36) male Wistar rats weighing 120g-150g were randomly divided into six groups; group I: received 0.5ml normal saline; group II: received 5mg/kg body weight (b.w) mercury chloride (HgCl2); group III: received 5mg/kg HgCl2 +150mg/kgb.w ALECA; group IV: received 5mg/kg HgCl2 + 300mg/kg ALECA; group V: received 5mg/kg HgCl2 +50mg/kg N-acetyl cysteine (NAC); group VI: received 5mg/kg HgCl2 + 500mg/kg b.w Vitamin C. The animals were treated for 21days via oral route. The rats were subjected to open field test and forelimb grip test on days 14 and 21.The animals were then sacrificed and brain tissues were collected, homogenized, and centrifuged for measurement of biochemical parameters: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). The data obtained from forelimb grip test showed that muscular strength was higher in the group given ALECA, NAC and Vitamin C when compared with the group given only HgCl2(p˂0.05).The data from open field test also showed that locomotory activity and exploratory behaviour are higher while anxiety levels is lower in the group treated with ALECA, NAC and Vitamin C when compared with HgCl2group (p˂0.05). Also the levels of TNF-α and NO are lower in the group treated with ALECA when compared with the mercury chloride group (p˂0.05). From the results, it was established that ALECA treated groups compared favourably with the two reference drugs.
PubDate: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 02:30:52 PDT
- Eco-friendly HPTLC Determination of Paracetamol, Caffeine, Drotaverine HCl
and Two of their Official Impurities; Application to Assay and Content
Uniformity Testing of Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Samia A. Tawfik et al.
Abstract: The present work is focused on developing and validating an eco-friendly, sustainable and sensitive HPTLC method for the purpose of simultaneous determination of a five component mixture. This mixture includes paracetamol, caffeine, drotaverine HCl and the official impurities of the first two aforementioned drugs, namely; p-aminophenol and theophylline, in order. The developed method is based on application of planar chromatography using a developing system of ethyl acetate: methanol: acetic acid (8:1:2, by volume). Quantitative determination of the mentioned components was performed using UV detection. The parameters impacting chromatographic separation have been optimized. The cited compounds were effectively separated with retardation factor (Rf) values of 0.82, 0.57, 0.12, 0.45 and 0.66 for paracetamol, caffeine, drotaverine HCl, p-aminophenol and theophylline, respectively. In accordance with the International Council on Harmonisation (ICH) recommendations, method validation was performed, where the suggested method was found to be sensitive, precise and accurate. The National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), Analytical Eco-Scale, and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) tools were used in order to evaluate and prove the greenness profile of the proposed method. Statistically, there wasn’t any significant difference between the results obtained by the proposed method and those of official or reported ones concerning accuracy and precision. The developed method was effectively employed for the quantitative determination of the cited drugs and two of their official impurities in their pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical formulation. Furthermore, content uniformity testing was performed to investigate the uniformity of co-formulated tablets according to the United States Pharmacopeia’s standards.
PubDate: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 02:30:46 PDT
- A Cost Variation Analysis of Various Statin Preparations Available in the
Egyptian Market
Authors: Radwa Ahmed Ibrahim et al.
Abstract: Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Statin preparations are the most effective lipid-lowering preparations that reduce the risk of mortality related to cardiovascular diseases. In the Egyptian market, various statin preparations have different strengths and prices. Aim: The current study aims to assess the percentage of cost variations among different statin medications in the Egyptian market. Methods: This is a cost variation study conducted from November to December 2022. The data were collected by using the Egyptian master on therapeutic drugs, edition 2022, and from the Egyptian Drug Database (DDB) website. The maximum and the minimum price of various statin agents were calculated. The price of each statin preparation was calculated per unit dose. The percentage of cost variations was calculated using the formula: Cost variation (%) = (maximum cost- minimum cost)/minimum cost ×100. Results: The maximum percentage of the cost variation was found between Atorvastatin preparations of 10 mg (776.9%) followed by atorvastatin agents of 20 mg (406.3%). Meanwhile, the minimum price variation was in Lovastatin preparations of 10 mg (11.1%), followed by Lovastatin of 40 mg (18.5%). Conclusion: The present study highlighted a wide range of cost variations between statin preparations, especially for Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin. Further studies are recommended to recognize the reasons for high-cost variations among statin preparations and how to overcome those reasons. Physicians must consider the cost of the prescribed drug to improve the patients’ adherence to the treatment.
PubDate: Tue, 13 Feb 2024 04:00:41 PST
- Nanoemulsion formulation of pregabalin for enhanced nose to brain delivery
and biological tracking using radiolabeling with 99mTc
Authors: Hend Fayez et al.
Abstract: Pregabalin is a γ-aminobutyric acid analogue used for the treatment of neuropathic pain, seizures, and anxiety disorders. After oral administration, its level of brain penetration is rather modest. In this research, pregabalin was formulated successfully as a nanoemulsion. To track the biodistribution of pregabalin nanoemulsion in vivo, radiolabelling of pregabalin using 99mTc was performed. The different factors affecting radiolabeling yield were studied and radiolabelling yield of 92.6 % was achieved. A biological evaluation was performed in Swiss Albino mice through comparing biodistribution of intranasal (IN) 99mTc-pregabalin nanoemulsion with intravenous (IV) 99mTc-pregabalin solution at different time intervals. Biodistribution results show a noticeable higher brain uptake of radioactivity for IN 99mTc-pregabalin nanoemulsion compared to IV 99mTc-pregabalin solution at all time intervals. These results suggest that I.N. pregabalin nanoemulsion may be a useful strategy for enhancing pregabalin delivery to the brain.
PubDate: Tue, 06 Feb 2024 23:00:51 PST
- Ultradeformable nanocarriers for efficient transdermal drug delivery
Authors: Hala N. ElShagea et al.
Abstract: Ultradeformable nanovesicles (UDVs) have recently become one of the favorable tools used for the transdermal delivery of drugs into deep skin layers, leading to enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic effect. UDV are capable of carrying hydrophilic, lipophilic or amphiphilic drugs bypassing the skin barriers. This mini review presents examples of UDV, their advantages, different mechanisms for UDV skin penetration, and some of the recent studies that proved the liability of using such carriers for better skin penetration. The applicability of using UDV for transdermal drug delivery has expanded such that marketed drug products were recently approved and launched indicating its superiority over the conventional dosage forms.
PubDate: Wed, 27 Dec 2023 03:40:38 PST
- Cost-Variation Analysis of Antihemorrhagic Drugs in the Egyptian Market
Authors: Michael A. Kaldas et al.
Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the leading cause of death worldwide. An important category of the CVDs is the bleeding disorders. There is a significant variation in the drug products used in the treatment of hemorrhagic disorders in the Egyptian market. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate the cost variation of different brands of antihemorrhagic drugs in the Egyptian market. Methods: The study used an analytical method to obtain the different prices of the available antihemorrhagic drug products in the Egyptian market (in Egyptian Pound), from different drug categories considering all the concentrations available. Each generic name was checked for its available products manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies, selecting those with the highest and lowest cost, calculating cost ratio and the percentage variation in prices per unit dose. Results: Among all the drugs analyzed, we found the highest percentage of cost variation was for Vitamin K1 ampoules (530.8%). Also, coagulation factor VIII 500 IU vial and 250 IU vial appeared with high cost variation percentages, which were 417.6% and 407.5%, respectively. The lowest cost variation percentages were observed in aprotinin vial and tranexamic acid ampoules, which were 13.3% and 43.6%, respectively. Conclusion: There is wide range of variation in the prices of drugs used in treating the hemorrhagic diseases in the Egyptian market. These variations should be minimized and the products should be affordable especially in the low- and middle-income countries to help improving the health states among population and decreasing the diseases economic burden and out-of-pocket expenditures.
PubDate: Wed, 27 Dec 2023 03:35:45 PST
- GC and HPTLC- Densitometric methods for Simultaneous Determination of
Aspirin, Paracetamol, Caffeine Anhydrous, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide
and Chlorpheniramine Maleate: Method validation and application to Over
the Counter Tablet
Authors: Lamia M. Abdel-Halim et al.
Abstract: This study presents two validated chromatographic methods for determining aspirin, paracetamol, caffeine anhydrous, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, and chlorpheniramine maleate in Vegaskin-D® tablets. Method I used high performance thin layer liquid chromatography densitometric method (HPTLC-densitometric), using a stationary phase of silica gel 60 F254, and UV detection at 254.0 nm resulting in well-resolved, symmetrical, and sharp peaks. Method II used gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector. The results showed that the proposed methods can effectively be implemented for routine analysis and quality control of drugs in fixed-dose combination tablets. The GC method has an advantage over HPTLC- densitometric method due to the separation of salicylic acid; main degradation product of Aspirin
PubDate: Wed, 27 Dec 2023 03:35:40 PST
- Spectrophotometric Resolution Methods for Determination of Dimenhydrinate
and Cinnarizine in Presence of their Toxic Impurities: Greenness,
Environmental Sustainability and Blueness Assessment Tools
Authors: Eman M. Morgan et al.
Abstract: Spectrophotometric analysis of the core drug while the coexistence of their toxic impurities is a vital analytical process. To date, there was no reported spectrophotometric method that have been reported for the simultaneous analysis of the two target drugs namely dimenhydrinate (DMH) and cinnarizine (CIN) in the presence of their most toxic impurities namely benzophenone (BZP) and 1- (diphenylmethyl)piperazine (DPP), respectively. In this study novel, green, accurate and timeless spectrophotometric analysis of a mixture of pharmaceutical drugs composed of DMH and CIN along with their toxic impurities BZP and DPP, respectively was successfully performed using smoothly applicable and costless spectrophotometric methods. Simple and easily manipulated spectrophotometric methods were introduced to simultaneously analyze the drug of interests in their pure forms, in market dosage form matrix and in prepared synthetic mixture along with their toxic impurities via ratio subtraction technique (RS) as an auxiliary resolution technique using dual wavelength (DW) method and constant multiplication (CM) method. The linearity range in all spectrophotometric methods for DMH was 6.0-60.0μg/mL while that for CIN was 3.0-30.0μg/mL. ICH guidelines were adhered in accordance with confirming validation of the presented methods where fulfilling results were accomplished. To assess the environmental impact, the Analytical Eco Scale (AES) is employed as a green evaluation tool, alongside the Green Solvent Selection Tool (GSST), the hexagon tool for sustainability assessment and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) tool. Application of these Greenness tools to the UV-spectrophotometric methods highlights their enhanced safety and efficiency in comparison with the costly, long-running, and laborious HPLC approach. This study proposes the incorporation of simple and green UV- spectrophotometric methods for conventional analysis in quality control of DMH and CIN containing formulations.
PubDate: Wed, 27 Dec 2023 03:35:34 PST
- Challenges and Opportunities in Insulin Resistance-induced Cognitive
Dysfunction
Authors: Nancy Abdel-Kareem et al.
Abstract: In the last few years, there has been a lot of interest in the effect of nutrition on cognitive function, as it affects insulin signals inside the body, whose role is not limited to controlling blood glucose levels but also extends to the learning process and cognitive function. Nutrition-induced insulin resistance is one of the present diseases, which impairs brain insulin signaling and leads to various forms of dementia. This review discusses the different roles of insulin inside the body, the negative effect of insulin resistance on brain function, and the use of some drugs that may improve cognitive dysfunction.
PubDate: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 21:35:41 PST
- Smartphone-based high-performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Method Along
with Benchtop Densitometry for Simultaneous Quantification of
Co-formulated Dutasteride with Silodosin and Their Residuals on
Manufacturing Equipment's Surfaces
Authors: Mina Wadie et al.
Abstract: The significant advancement in smartphone digital cameras has expanded the possibilities for their usage as a portable, easily used detector in several analytical procedures. In this study, a unique and smart high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method based on a smartphone was presented for the simultaneous analysis of silodosin and dutasteride, two urological medications used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.First, environmentally friendly mobile phase was used to achieve chromatographic separation, and for repeatable findings, the produced plates were shot using the back camera of smartphone mounted atop a made-up twoillumination source chamber.
PubDate: Fri, 03 Nov 2023 18:55:40 PDT
- Rosuvastatin calcium and tissue engineering; an introductory overview
Authors: Islam M. Adel et al.
Abstract: All tissues are subjected to the risk of tissue damage. Tissue damage refers to any alteration to the structure and/or the function of that tissue. To counter tissue damage, our bodies are equipped with a self-healing mechanism aiming at restoring tissue structure and function. The underlying mechanism, however, is rather poor and slow in mammalians. Moreover, in cases of severe damage, the mechanism is insufficient to repair the damage and usually, surgical intervention is mandated. For that and more, tissue engineering was conceptualized as a multidisciplinary science field in which an implantable scaffold, loaded with cells, biological cues and/or chemical agents, is utilized to stimulate tissue regeneration. Rosuvastatin calcium is a hydrophilic statin with positive effect on tissue regeneration and wound healing, besides its marketed use as cholesterol-lowering agent. Although there are several routes to drug delivery of statins (such as IV, nasal delivery, implantable delivery, … etc.), the oral route remains the most popular choice. However, owing to the poor oral bioavailability of rosuvastatin, implantable drug delivery is the go-to choice in tissue engineering. Hydrogel scaffolds are particularly favorable in tissue engineering owing to their biocompatibility, hydrophilic nature and high swelling capabilities. The whole system is effective in both soft (tendons) and hard (bones) tissue regeneration. This review sheds light on the implementation of tissue engineering as a favorable approach to wound healing with emphasis on the role of rosuvastatin in tissue regeneration.
PubDate: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 20:45:36 PDT
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