 Subjects -> PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY (Total: 575 journals)
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- Testicular Toxicity following Subacute Exposure of Arsenic and Mancozeb
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Authors: Rasia Yousuf; Pawan Kumar Verma, Priyanka Sharma, Shilpa Sood, N. K. Pankaj, Sanjay Agarwal
Abstract: Mancozeb (MZ) is a contact fungicide having low toxicity in non-target species, but its continuous exposure can be harmful. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the toxic interaction between MZ and arsenic on the testicular tissue of rats and to compare the amelioration potential of quercetin and catechin against the induced toxicity. Sixty adult rats were randomly allocated into 10 groups with 6 animals in each. A significant (p<0.05) decline in TAS, TTH, SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and TTH and a rise (p<0.05) in MDA and AOPP-were recorded in testicular tissue of MZ-treated rats in comparison to control. Exposure to different doses of arsenic (10, 50, 100 ppb) also produced a dose-dependent effect on these oxidative biomarkers. Arsenic exposure produces potentiating MZ-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. Testicular damage was further corroborated by extremely severe histopathological changes viz., interstitial as well as sub-capsular congestion, oedema aside from degeneration, necrosis and loss of seminiferous tubules and a drastic deterioration in sperm motility in this group. In contrast, administration of toxicants along with quercetin or catechin markedly attenuated the alterations in oxidative as well as cellular damage biomarkers and testicular histopathological alterations. Our results suggested that simultaneous low dose exposure to arsenic potentiated testicular toxicity induced by MZ. Furthermore, catechin was more potent as compared to quercetin in ameliorating testicular changes induced by concurrent arsenic and MZ exposure.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Protective Effect of L-Carnitine against Deltamethrin Induced Male
Reproductive Toxicity in Adult Rats Exposed at their Prepubertal Stage-
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Authors: Daveedu Thathapudi; Raja Jayarao Yendluri, Anilkumar Adimulapu, Mahesh Gunda, Manohar Vadela, S. B. Sainath, P. R. V. Manohar
Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the protective role of L-Carnitine (LC) against Deltamethrin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats exposed during their early developmental period. DTM was administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight to the prepubertal rat’s Post-Natal Day (PND) 23 rats through oral route and exposure was continued until they reach PND 90. After completion of the exposure period, male rats were assessed for reproductive endpoints. Deltamethrin exposure caused a significant reduction in testosterone production and decreased the sperm parameters such as sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability and sperm membrane integrity. Deltamethrin intoxication also reduced the reproductive organs’ weight and testicular steroidogenic enzymes (3β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase) levels. Further DTM exposure induced the oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant reduction in the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels with significant elevation in the malondialdehyde. DTM also induced the significant sperm DNA damage. In addition, DTM exposure significantly declined the testosterone levels over the control group, indicating the impaired steroidogenesis. In addition to the compromised steroidogenesis DTM exposure also deteriorated the testicular architecture according to the histological observations. On the other hand, therapy with LC (100 mg/kg body weight) improved the biomass of reproductive organs, the features of the sperm, testicular steroidogenesis and testicular antioxidant enzymes levels. Concluding that DTM might disturb the testicular antioxidant level that eventually impaired the reproductive health of rats. However, LC supplementation mitigated the reproductive toxicity through its antioxidant property.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Cadmium-Induced Perturbation of Spleen Redox Status: Therapeutic Role of
Pumpkin Seed Protein Isolate-
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Authors: Siddhartha Singh; Oly Banerjee, Ishita Saha, Sudipta Kundu, Alak Kumar Syamal, Bithin Kumar Maji, Sandip Mukherjee
Abstract: One of the major threats to humanity is from the exposure of heavy metals irrespective of its source. Cadmium is one of such heavy metals to which humans are exposed in their daily lives via food or environment. Regardless of this, there is no established or efficient way of recycling Cadmium. On the other hand, Pumpkin seeds have innumerable health aiding properties. The present study aims to understand the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of Pumpkin Seeds Protein Isolate (PSPI) against Cadmium mediated oxidative stress in spleen. Twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups; Control, Cadmium treated, Cadmium treated and PSPI 1 supplemented, Cadmium treated and PSPI 2 supplemented. After completion of treatment period (21 days), oxidative stress parameters, ROS generation levels and proinflammatory cytokines were measured along with histopathological evaluations. PSPI supplementation was observed to have significant free radical scavenging activities as evidenced by decreased lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide generation simultaneously with increased glutathione level, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Cadmium also caused an elevation in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 as well as ROS generation levels which were substantially reduced upon supplementation with PSPI. Furthermore, cadmium-induced micro architectural changes in the spleen were also countered upon PSPI supplementation. In summary, both lower and higher doses of PSPI supplementation curtail the cadmium induced oxidative stress, ROS levels, proinflammatory cytokines and damage in the splenic tissue. The Results of this study necessitates further mechanistic study to establish key role of PSPI in amelioration of cadmium toxicity.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Toxicological Evaluation of Vaisvanara churna an Ayurvedic
Formulation-
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Authors: R. Ilavarasan; R. Arunadevi, Susan Thomas, Shrirang Balkrishna Jamadagani, Sudesh N. Gaidhani, M. Thenmozhi, N. Manikandan
Abstract: Vaisvanara churna an ayurvedic formulation was screened for its toxicity profile. The study was carried out based on CCRAS Protocols. For the acute oral toxicity study, Group I served as vehicle control, Vaisvanara churna at a single oral dose of 6500 mg/kg b.w., was administered to 5 male and 5 female Swiss albino mice (Group II) and observed for 14 consecutive days for clinical signs, body weight and mortality. For 90 days repeated dose toxicity study eighty animals (40 male and 40 female) were distributed into four groups. Group I served as vehicle control. Groups II, III, and IV were administered with 450, 2250 and 4500 mg/kg b.w., respectively for 90 days orally. During this period, feed intake, body weight, signs of toxicity, haematological and biochemical parameters were recorded at periodical intervals. After 90 days animals were sacrificed for necropsy, vital organs were weighed and preserved for histopathological analysis. In an acute toxicity study, a single dose of Vaisvanara churna at 6500 mg/kg b.w., caused no mortality in animals, suggesting that the median lethal dose is greater than 6500 mg/kg b.w. In 90-day, repeated dose toxicity study, administration of Vaisvanara churna for 90 days, up to 4500 mg/kg b.w., caused no significant changes in body weights or organ weights of rats in the treated groups when compared with the control group. In addition, haematological and biochemical parameters were within the physiological limits. Histopathological analysis revealed no signs of degeneration. These results showed that Vaisvanara churna is apparently safe as indicated therapeutically for long-term administration for chronic ailments.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Safety Evaluation of a Traditional Medicinal Plant, Flemingia vestita
Benth and Hooker in Swiss Albino Mice: An Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity
Study-
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Authors: Aparmita Das; Arun Kumar Yadav, Bishnupada Roy
Abstract: Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment of Flemingia vestita root-peel extract was performed in Swiss albino mice as per OECD guidelines 425 and 407. In acute toxicity test, mice were administered extract doses of 175, 550, and 1760 mg/ kg body weight (b.w.), and finally, 2000 mg/kg b.w., limit dose. The treated animals were observed for adverse signs or mortality for 14 days. In the sub-acute toxicity study, mice were divided into seven groups (n = 5). Animals in group one served as control, while group five received acetaminophen to act as positive control. Groups two, three and four of animals were given 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg doses of extract for 28 days. Animals in groups six and seven served as the satellite groups for 300 mg/kg and acetaminophen-treated groups for another two weeks to monitor any delayed effects or reversal from adverse effects. The study was approved by the Member-Secretary and the Chairman, Institutional Ethics Committee (Animal Models) of North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong vide letter number: IEC/MS/Misc./08/dated September 26, 2019. Body weight, relative organ weight, haematological and biochemical parameters, and histopathology of the liver, kidney, intestine and spleen of animals were studied. No adverse effects or mortality of animals was observed at 2000 mg/kg b.w., limit dose. The LD50 of the extract was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. In a sub-acute toxicity study, a 300 mg/kg dose showed a noticeable decrease in food, water consumption, and body weight. Likewise, haematological observations revealed an increase in leukocyte count, and biochemical parameters showed an increase in aspartate aminotransferase in 300 mg/kg extract dose. In histopathological studies, mildly disrupted hepatocytes were observed in liver sections of high-dose treated mice. The findings suggest that F. vestita root-peel extract is safe for consumption but may cause mild toxicity at a high dose of 300 mg extract/kg b.w.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Protective Effect of Pomegranate Juice Extract Against Antitubercular
Drugs Induced Hepatic Fibrosis-
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Authors: J. Ramesh; Anilkumar Banothu, Kala Kumar Bharani, P. Shivakumar, M. Jeevanalatha, Y. Ravikumar
Abstract: The current study aimed to know the therapeutic efficacy of Punica granatum (fruit juice extract) against anti-TB druginduced hepatic fibrosis in rats. 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats in each. INH at 27 mg/kg B.W., RIF at 54 mg/kg B.W., and PZA at 135 mg/kg B.W. were administered orally to Groups 2, 3 and 4 from days 1 to 28. Group 1 was maintained as normal control, and group 2 was a toxic control (administered anti-TB drugs, p/o). Groups 3 and 4 were administered (p/o) with Enalapril at 5mg/kg B.W. and Punica granatum (fresh juice extract) at 1 ml/rat, respectively, from day 1 to 28. Serum samples were collected on the 14th and 28th to assess various biochemical parameters, and liver samples were collected at the end of the experiment to analyze antioxidant parameters, TGF β1, and histopathological examination. The biochemical parameters showed significant (p<0.05) alterations in AST, ALT, GGT, antioxidant profile (TBARS GSH, GST, GPx and SOD), and expression of TGF β1 levels in group 2 along with collagen deposition and alterations in the histopathology when compared with group 1. There was a significant improvement in treatment groups 3 and 4 at different time intervals. These changes were reversed in groups 3 and 4, which were administered Enalapril and Punica granatum juice extract, respectively.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Reverse Docking Approach Reveals the Negative Effect of Caffeine Toxicity
on Glutamate GluR2 Receptor-
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Authors: Hasan Ansari; Prekshi Garg, Radhika Rastogi, Rekha Sharma, Prachi Srivastava
Abstract: In the past decade, the consumption of caffeine has increased exponentially throughout the world. Caffeine is now not only limits to coffee but is present in several desserts and other beverages as well. Caffeine is a psychostimulant that helps in improving your performance but its excessive consumption can also affect the cognitive functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS) negatively. The present research is an attempt to understand the mechanism of caffeine action in blocking central nervous system receptors thereby affecting brain function adversely. The reverse docking approach of computational biology has been implied to visualize the interaction of several neurotransmitter receptors with caffeine. Reverse molecular docking is an approach for determining the effect of a ligand on a range of receptors. The binding energy of the receptors with caffeine is considered for determining the best receptor-ligand complex. A list of 7 different neurotransmitters was identified through a literature study and taken into consideration in the current research. The molecular interaction of the human neuro-receptors was seen with caffeine using AutoDock4.0 to study the impact of caffeine on several biological processes of the human brain. The molecular docking approach identifies glutamate gluR2 receptor to be adversely affected by caffeine toxicity thereby affecting the neurotransmission process in the human nervous system.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Analysis of the Effects of Magnetic Field on the Haemogram Profile and
Protein Content of Eri Silkworm, Philosamia ricini-
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Authors: Shibani Kalita; Bidisha Rani Das, Sunayan Bardoloi, Smritimala Sarmah, Sanghamitra Saharia, Anjumani Ojah
Abstract: The geomagnetic field is a naturally occurring physical force that operates to sustain life on earth. However, recent advances in technology, rapid urbanization and electromagnetic pollution have led to interferences in strength of the magnetic field, which has resulted in various health hazards in several life forms. This study was carried out to understand the effect of magnetic fields that are greater than the strength of the natural geomagnetic field in Philosamia ricini, commonly known as Eri silkworm. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the haemogram profile as well as the total protein content, were considered for analysis. The 5th instar silkworm larvae were exposed to two magnetic fields of different strengths, namely 0.4493G and 0.8345G, and changes were recorded and compared with a control group. The results revealed decrease in the number of haemocytes and disruption of haemocytes that increased with increase in strength of magnetic field along. The total protein content of haemolymph also underwent changes with changes in the strength of the magnetic field. Such studies and future in-depth analysis of different biological parameters in organisms due to the changing geomagnetic field might be beneficial in understanding and maneuvering the effects of magnetic field on organisms.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Impact of Amritikarana Procedure on Safety Aspect of Somanathi
Tamra Bhasma-
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Authors: Atul Dalvi; Mukesh Nariya, Swapnil Chaudhari, B. J. Patgiri
Abstract: Somanathi Tamra Bhasma is a unique method of preparation of Tamra Bhasma. In the classics, it is mentioned that if Tamra Bhasma has been used without Amritikarana in therapeutics, it produces ill effects. Hence it should be recommended after Amritikarana process only. Actual impact of this procedure in the preparation of Somanathi Tamra Bhasma has not evaluated till date. This is the first attempt towards preparing Somanathi Tamra Bhasma with Amritikarana (STBA) and evaluate its safety. Three batches of STBA were prepared as per the classical guidelines. In acute toxicity, STBA was administered at a maximal dose of 2000 mg/kg to overnight fasted rats and observed closely for behavioural changes, signs of toxicity and mortality if any, continuously for the first six hours and thereafter periodically up to 14 days. In the repeated dose 90-days oral toxicity evaluation, the test drug was administered daily at the doses of 67.5, 337.5 and 675 mg/kg along with Pippali Churna and honey as an adjuvant to rats for 90 days in divided dose followed by a 30-day recovery period. Animals were sacrificed on the 91st day and haematological, serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of organs were studied. In acute toxicity, STBA at the dose of 2000 mg/kg did not produce any observable toxic effects or mortality. STBA did not produce any significant changes in haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters at TED and TED x 5 dose levels but mild fatty and inflammatory changes were observed in liver at TED x 10 dose level. These changes were returned to normal at recovery groups. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that STBA is safe at therapeutic dose levels when used judiciously along with specified adjuvants.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant and
Antiproliferative Potential of Morus alba (L.) Leaves Extracts Against
Breast Cancer Cell Lines-
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Authors: Richa Soni; Divya Gupta, Shamli Gupte, Arti Rathour, Sadhana Shrivastava, Sangeeta Shukla
Abstract: Morus alba (L.) belongs to the family Moraceae commonly known as white mulberry used in folk medicine in the remedy of dysentery, diuretic, and antidiabetic treatments. Morus species contain several bioactive compounds which attribute to their biological properties. The purpose of this study is to determine the total phenolic content, antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity of different leaf extracts of Morus alba (L). The plant leaves extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet extraction method. The total phenolic content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidative potential was assessed by H2O2 free radical scavenging assay. The antiproliferative potential was investigated by MTT (3-[4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay using breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Our results showed that all the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and antiproliferative activity dose-dependently. Amongst all, the ethanolic leaf extract possessed higher radical scavenging activity as well as potent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the ethanolic leaf extract was subjected to analyse of its bioactive composition that might be responsible for its potent antioxidant and antiproliferative potential. The presence of different functional groups in the extract was analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique and the main bioactive compounds in the extract were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Therefore, it can be concluded by the above findings that Morus alba (L.) has promising antioxidant activity and potent antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells and thus can be used as a great source of natural antioxidants in developing drugs against various diseases.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Utilization of Mating Behavior as a Parameter to Understand Adaptive
Response in Drosophila melanogaster using Ethyl Methanesulfonate and
Methyl Methanesulfonate-
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Authors: Baladare Udayakumar Divyashree; Kembalu Narayana Ravindra, Venkateshaiah Vasudev
Abstract: Monofunctional alkylating agents, Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) and Methyl Methanesulfonate (MMS) were used to understand adaptive response utilising mating behaviour as a parameter in D. melanogaster. Selected conditioning and challenging doses of EMS (0.5mM and 15mM) or MMS (0.1mM and 3mM) by larval feeding were tested employing different combinations of crosses. The results have revealed that both EMS and MMS affected courtship elements significantly in different combinations of crosses. Nonetheless, significant increases in orientation, tapping, wing vibration and licking were observed when both males and females were treated with a challenging dose of MMS compared to EMS (p<0.05). On par with this, were also the results of female rejection elements in both the tested chemicals. When conditioning and challenging doses were given after 2 hours of time lag between them to 48±4h or 72±4h aged larvae of D. melanogaster, the results showed that male and female courtship elements significantly reduced compared to the additive effect of respective agents. Similarly, the courtship latency and copulation latency were significantly decreased in contrast to copulation duration which was significantly increased (p<0.05). Thus the results demonstrate the presence of adaptive response in D. melanogaster using courtship elements and the authors opine that mating behaviour can be used as a parameter to analyze adaptive response in D. melanogaster within a short period of time compared to other test procedures.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Development and Application of a Validated HPLC Method for the
Determination of Alpelisib and its Process-Related Impurities in Pure Drug
and Pharmaceutical Formulations-
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Authors: Jammu Harish; Bodasingi Sai Kumar, Uppu Naga Babu, Gattupalli Subhakara Rao, Venkateswara Rao Anna
Abstract: Impurity analysis plays a significant role in the manufacture of a safe pharmaceutical product that ensures the safety of consumers. Keeping this in consideration, the present study was intended to develop a simple and sensitive HPLC method for the resolution and quantification of 4 process-related impurities namely impurities 1, 2, 3 and 4 in alpelisib pure drug and formulations. The method consumes greener solvents as a mobile phase that resolves the analytes on ProntoSIL ODS-C18 (250×4.6 mm; 5 μ id) column at room temperature as stationary phase, ethanol and 0.1% aqueous acetic acid in 65:35 (V/V) at pH 4.5 as mobile phase at 0.8 mL/min flow rate, UV detection at 246 nm. The method can detect the analytes at retention times of 7.05, 4.52, 6.09, 2.88 and 8.14 min respectively for alpelisib, impurity 1, 2, 3 and 4. The analysis was completed with a run time of 15 min that consume less solvent and the same analysis time. The linearity of the proposed method was perceived in the range of 12.5 to 100 μg/mL for alpelisib and 0.0125 to 0.10 μg/mL for impurities. The method can effectively resolve the unknown stress degradation products generated during the stress exposure of alpelisib along with its known impurities in the study. The outcomes of other validation studies were likewise satisfactory and proven adequate for regular analysis of alpelisib and its process-related impurities in bulk drug and pharmaceutical tablet doses.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Estimation of Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Pyrethroid and
Carbamates Pesticides using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to Predict
Mammalian Acute Lethality (LD50)-
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Authors: Krishna Rana; Priyanka Gautam
Abstract: Present study was aimed to estimate the median lethal concentration of most extensively used pesticides, pyrethroid (transfluthrin and cyfluthrin) and carbamates’ pesticides (methiocarb and propoxur to deter pests, using a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans as model organism. The median Lethal Concentration (LC50) was calculated by Log-dose/ probit regression line method, and Worms showed 24-hours lethality at concentrations 37 mg/l, 61 mg/l, 63 mg/l, and 48 mg/l for transfluthrin, cyfluthrin and methiocarb, propoxur respectively on NGM. Structural and toxicidal differences may has been for Differences in the median lethal concentration. LD50 and LC50 values data was compare with mammalian oral LD50 and calculated LC50 using C. elegans respectively. C. elegans found to be the more convenient for generating LC50 values analogous to the mammals LD50 values. So, C. elegans has great promises in the area of toxicological research.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- Characterization and Preclinical Toxicity Assessment of Intranasal
Administration of Standardized Extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban
Leaves (INDCA-NS) in Laboratory Rats-
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Authors: Prasad Thakurdesai; Savita Nimse, Pallavi Deshpande
Abstract: The objective of the present work was to characterize and assess the intranasal toxicity of a solution of total triterpenoids - based standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves (INDCA-NS). The acute and 28-day repeated-dose toxicity of intranasal administrated INDCA-NS in Wistar rats was evaluated. For the acute intranasal toxicity study, a single dose of 100 μg/rat/day was administered to five male and female rats and observed for mortality and signs of toxicity for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, the INDCA-NS (10, 30, and 100 μg/rat/day) were intranasally administered to a separate group of five male and female rats for 28 days, followed by a 14-day reversal period for behavioral, biochemical, and histological parameters. The effect of subacute administration of INDCA-NS on the ability to smell in rats was evaluated by a buried food test. Treatment with INDCA-NS did not result in mortality or treatment-related adverse signs during single or 28-day repeated-dose administration. In addition, intranasal INDCA-NS did not affect the sense of smell, as observed in the buried food test. Intranasal NDCA-NS was found safe in rats with a Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of more than 100 μg/rat/day and No-Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of more than 100 μg/rat/day in male and female rats during acute and subacute intranasal toxicity study respectively.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
- In Vivo Acute Toxicity and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ferula Sulcata
Desf. from Setif, Algeria-
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Authors: Malika Rahmouni; Meriem Hamoudi, Randa Mlik, Hocine Laouer, Seddik Khennouf, Saliha Dahamna, Nour Elhouda Mekhadmi, Aicha Mouane
Abstract: Several works are interested in studying the undesirable therapeutic effects of medicinal plants, which must be used with great caution because they can be toxic. Under this objective falls our work, which consists in studying the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory action in vivo of the Essential Oil (EO) of the aerial part (seed) of Ferula sulcata Desf. harvested from the region of Setif in western Algeria. Two doses were applied by oral gavage (2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight). After administration of the oil, the mice were continuously monitored for 14 days. The results obtained showed that there was no mortality or morbidity whereas the animals showed toxic effects e.g., behavioral and morphological changes. On the other hand, a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight was observed. In addition, an important increase was recorded in the relative organ weights compared to the controls, whereas the liver was significantly increased (**p<0.05): 6.12±0.19; 6.14±0.31 in females compared to controls. Furthermore, ALT value decreased significantly (**p<0.05): 6.83±2.59 in males. In addition, the oral administration of EO at the dose of 600 mg/kg showed an interesting antiinflammatory activity comparable to indomethacin. Histopathological damage was observed in the liver and kidney tissues of mice treated with EO of this plant. Hence, the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of EO of F. sulcata Desf. are considered the first data.
PubDate: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +053
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